B. SC CSIT Computer Graphics Unit 5 By Tekendra Nath Yogi

1. Unit5: Introduction to virtual Reality and Animation
Presented By : Tekendra Nath Yogi
Tekendranath@gmail.com
College Of Applied Business And Technology
2/9/2019 1By: Tekendra Nath Yogi

2. Outline
• Virtual Reality
– Introduction
– Applications
• Computer Animation
– Introduction
– Basic steps for computer animation
– Applications
2By: Tekendra Nath Yogi2/9/2019

3. Virtual Reality
Virtual reality:
– Virtual Reality (VR) is the illusion of a 3D, interactive, computer-
generated reality where sight, sound, and sometimes even touch are
simulated to create pictures, sounds, and objects that actually seem real.
Simulation:
– Simulation is the technique of representing the real world by a computer
program.
3Presented By Tekendra Nath Yogi

4. Contd…
• How does it work?
– There are number of systems but they have some common features that include:-
• A set of goggles that controls what your left and right eyes see. By providing
slightly different views into each eye, your brain is fooled into thinking that the
scene is 3D. Virtual chairs look solid and so on.
• Other wearable input devices are used such as gloves that detect your finger
movements. As you wiggle or tap your fingers on a virtual control then the
computer carries out the command, such as turning on a virtual television.
• Headphones to control what you hear.
– The other part is a powerful computer that can create the graphics and sound in 'real
time'. These images may be projected onto the walls and floor of the room. So you can
walk around freely.
4Presented By Tekendra Nath Yogi

5. Contd…
• How good is it now?
– It is good enough to physically affect someone in it.
• For example, when they may be shown a scary situation such as a fire
appearing in front of them, their heart will beat faster and breathing
speed up.
• This shows that the VR is convincing enough to cause an effect. Which is the
whole point of VR really.
– The graphics are "OK" but not realistic by any means. But the odd thing is
that people react strongly even in a low-res(less detailed) scene. It is the
situation that matters, not what it looks like.
5Presented By Tekendra Nath Yogi

6. Contd..
• What are the downsides to VR?
– If you have ever been sea-sick or travel-sick then a poor VR set-up might
make you feel the same way. This is because you are seeing one thing but
your brain is getting a different story from your sense of balance. When
what you see and what you feel do not match (like on a ship) then you may
feel ill.
– Another downside is that VR is very complicated and so needs expensive
equipment to set up and run. So proper VR are a long way away.
6Presented By Tekendra Nath Yogi

7. Contd..
• And the future?
– In the future it may be practical to use VR to safely fly a remote
control aircraft as if the pilot was really in the machine.
• For example flying the remote-control aircraft into a hurricane or volcanic
eruption to take scientific readings. Sensors on the real aircraft would
allow the pilot to see, hear and even feel what is going on in the virtual
reality version but without any danger to life.
– It could also be applied to remote controlled submarines(ships,
boats, etc) that explore the sea looking for oil and mineral reserves
or perhaps exploring other planets such as Mars and Titan in the far
future.
7Presented By Tekendra Nath Yogi

8. Contd…
• Example Applications of VR
– Games
– Holiday tours
– Combat situations
– training and education.
– Driving simulators.
– Flight simulators.
– Ship simulators.
8Presented By Tekendra Nath Yogi

9. Computer Animation Introduction
• What is computer animation?
– The computer animation refers to any time sequence of visual changes in a
scene.
– In addition to changing object position with translations or rotations, a
computer generated animation could display time variations in object size,
color, transparency or surface texture.
9Presented By Tekendra Nath Yogi

10. Contd..
• Application of Animation:
– Some typical applications of computer-generated animation are:
• Entertainment (motion pictures and cartoons),
• Advertising
• Scientific and Engineering studies, and
• Training and Education.
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11. Contd..
• Application of Animation:
– Entertainment (motion pictures and cartoons)
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12. Contd..
• Application of Animation:
• Advertising.
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13. Contd..
• Application of Animation:
• scientific and engineering studies
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14. Contd..
• Application of Animation:
– training and education.
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15. Design Of Animation Sequences
• In general, an animation sequence is designed with the following
steps:
– Storyboard layout
– Object definitions
– Key-frame specifications
– Generation of in-between frames
15Presented By Tekendra Nath Yogi

16. Contd..
1. Storyboard:
– Story board is an outline of the action.
– It defines the motion sequence as a set of basic events that are to take
place.
– Depending on the type of animation to be produced, the storyboard could
consist of a set of rough sketches or it could be a list of the basic ideas for
the motion.
16Presented By Tekendra Nath Yogi

17. Contd..
2. object definition :
– An object definition is given for each participant in the action.
– Objects can be defined in terms of basic shapes, such as polygons or
splines.
– In addition, the associated movements for each object are specified along
with the shape.
17Presented By Tekendra Nath Yogi

18. Contd..
3. Key-frame specifications:
– A key frame is a detailed drawing of the scene at a certain time in the
animation sequence.
– Within each key frame, each object is positioned according to the time for
that frame.
– Some key frames are chosen at extreme positions in the action; others are
spaced so that the time interval between key frames is not too great.
– More key frames are specified for intricate motions than for simple, slowly
varying motions.
18Presented By Tekendra Nath Yogi

19. Contd..
4. Generation of in-between frames
– In-betweens are the intermediate frames between the key frames.
– The number of in-betweens needed is determined by the media to be used to
display the animation.
19Presented By Tekendra Nath Yogi

20. Contd..
• There are several other tasks that may be required, depending
on the application.
• They include :
• motion verification,
• editing, and production and
• synchronization of a soundtrack.
Presented By Tekendra Nath Yogi 20

21. Morphing
• Transformation of object shapes from one form to another is called morphing,
which is a shortened form of metamorphosis.
• Morphing methods can be applied to any motion or transition involving a
change in shape.
• Example : In television advertising a can of motor oil transformed into an
automobile engine.
21Presented By Tekendra Nath Yogi

22. Contd..
• Example of Morphing:
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23. Homework
• What do you mean by virtual reality and animation? Explain.
• Explain the basic steps for computer animation and its application in
computer science.
232/9/2019 By: Tekendra Nath Yogi

24. Thank You !
24By: Tekendra Nath Yogi2/9/2019