Differences Between Spanish And English Colonies From 1492-1700

Contrast The Spanish And English Colonies From 1492 To 1700
In a time when Native Americans occupied present–day America, the Age of Exploration began in Spain, and the Puritans who disagreed with the
Church of the England fled to a place where the Puritans could practice their faith without scrutiny. It is in this context that the Native Americans used
to dominate the New World until the Spanish founded New Spain for Gold, God, and Glory. The English explorers who settled in the New World after
being persecuted in England and to make profit this caused conflict with the natives eventually leading to the French and Indian War. The Spanish and
English colonies that settled between 1492 and 1700 were significantly different in the way the two different groups used religion to determine what
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Admittedly, there was a difference in the way the Spanish and English lead to the Native Americans downfall. The Spanish Friars forcibly convert the
indigenous people with the mission system going as far as to kidnap a Native America to convert him to Catholicism. The English converted the natives
using Praying towns which were completely optional and did not force the Native American to work for the colonist. This difference occurred because
the Spanish Friars and the conquistadors were more focused on getting labor out of the natives while the English settlers mainly wanted to save the
indigenous people, who the English colonists thought were savage and doomed. On the other hand, there was similarity in the way the Spanish and
English forced the Native Americans to war after attacking their religion and taking their land. The way the Spanish used the encomienda system. This
was a system set up by the Spanish king in which he lent out land to conquistadors to make profit by using anything that was on the land including
people. This was under the condition that the conquistadors protected and converted the indigenous people on their land. The Spanish used this to
justify the need to extract labor and resources from the Native Americans who inhabited the New World. The English used the way the Spanish treated
the natives as a guide on how the
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Compare And Contrast Langston Hughes And African Americans
The painting's message that Native Americans were accepting of Catholicism and French rule after the French arrived is, as partially explained above,
reinforced by the house and the church and the clothing of the Native American. The house and the church being built in the same style in the (what
I'm assuming would be a larger village that simply isn't depicted) village shows that the Native Americans accepted Catholicism into their everyday
lives; the clothing being worn by the Native American is decorated by the same French fleur–de–lis symbol present on the French Queen's garment,
and in conjunction with the Native American's kneeling, shows that they accepted French rule. Essentially, the above items communicate that the
Native Americans

Colonization Of The New Continent
Colonization of the new continent began as an attempt to build an upstanding Christian society that led to the destruction of many thriving Native
American societies, rationalized by what seemed like religious significance. To illustrate the religious factors that led to conflicts between the early
Euro–American settlers and the Native Americans I will focus on the Puritans that settled in what is known as Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode
Island, that was home to various native groups. To understand why there was so much conflict between the settlers and the natives, it is important to
grasp how different both cultures were when it came to customs of living, war, and especially religion. Long before the arrival of European settlers,...
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It was custom to destroy all the belongings of someone who died. (Mooney) Since Native Americans were part of a collectivist culture, the idea of
private property was not a concept they were aware of (John Alexander). The Natives often lived in tribal confederacies with a chief. This chief would
govern the group along with subordinate helpers who were in charge of smaller groups. Even though the chief positions were hereditary, unlike
European Kings, Indian chiefs could only become leaders when they earned public respect. The chiefs were in charge of leading negotiations, hosting
guests, and dealing with other leaders in respect to allocated land. The customs that Native Americans had are an important factor that led to conflict
between them and the European settlers because the settlers did not really understand the function of the chiefs, most importantly regarding land.
Although European settlers introduced the natives to new technologies, they also unintentionally exposed them to pathogens they did not have
immunity against. These foreign diseases decimated large portions of the Native American population. In addition to these diseases and technologies,
English Settlers also brought a new culture. Naturally, the individualistic culture of the English Settlers and the collectivist culture of the Native
Americans differed drastically and were bound to clash. Rituals played a very important

How Did Europeans Contact With Native Americans
Was Contact with Europeans catastrophic for Native Americans? Be Specific The first contact between Europeans and the Americans transpired when
Christopher Columbus arrived in America in 1492. After five years when he first stepped on American soil, many other European explorers started to
visit America as well. At this point, the Europeans did not settle on a permanent basis. Their reason for traversing to America was to find new routes
for trade. One of the trade items between Europeans and Native Americans was fresh meat that Europeans took in exchange of their products in the
quest to change their diet after long periods of sailing on the sea. Some of the trade items that the Native Americans were interested in from the
Europeans included... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Europeans brought about diseases that initially never transpired in the Native Americans communities. Indian [Native Americans] population of 10
million that lived north of Mexico when Columbus came would ultimately be reduced to less than a million. Huge numbers of Indians would the from
diseases introduced by the whites. (Zinn 14). An example of such was smallpox associated with a Spanish called Herman Cortes and his army when
they came to America in 1521. Europeans were also responsible for bringing about other diseases such as influenza and measles to healthy Native
Americans. Contact with Europeans increased warfare with the Native Americans. This was because of increased populations and the competition for
the resources. The natives resorted to war since they felt robbed of their land. The warfare came with many deaths as the Europeans wanted to take over
and dominate the entire homeland. To conclude, the contact between the Europeans and the Native Americans did not have consequential benefits to
the Native Americans when compared with the negative impact. It is because the native population was diminished sharply due to the warfare, diseases
and even deracination of Native Americans from their homeland. The negative impact that Europeans' entrance brought about was far less beneficial
compared to their constructive influences like introduction of education and

Peyote Pros And Cons
nationwide ban of peyote, Colorado, Nevada, and Utah had already made its use illegal (Maroukis, 4). In the town of El Reno, Oklahoma, in August of
1918, members of several tribes from around the state joined together. Members of Arapaho, Caddo, Comanche, Cheyenne, Kiowa, Kiowa–Apaches,
Oto, and Ponca tribes were all present to converse about their religious freedom being stripped from every one of them (Maroukis, 3). Together, they
configured a plan to defend their faith and practice their religion. On October 10th of 1918, the government granted the formation of the Native
American Church of Oklahoma, or the NAC. Thus, the right to use peyote in religious ceremony, protected by the First Amendment of theUnited States
Constitution. The amendment clearly states, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise
thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a
redress of grievances" (Markouis, 7). The Native American Church was only state and locally recognized until 1955, to then be known as the Native
American Church of North America. Unfortunately, this was only the beginning to a long road of defending their religious rights (Markouis, 11)....
It was not only viewed as medicine, but also as a grandiose teacher. The peyote religion taught its disciples a moral and conscientious way of life. On
top of the crescent mound, there is a carved line symbolizing the Peyote Road. In other words, the righteous path that everyone in the peyote faith
should follow. In 1918, the original Native American Church compare their set of moral beliefs to Christianity stating, "Christian religion with the
practice of peyote sacrament." Extremely similar in values, peyote religion was founded upon ideas of peace, charity, responsibility, integrity, hard
work, and

Negative Effects Of The Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange started in 1492 and was a network of trade. Native Americans shared ideas, agriculture, firearms, animals, diseases and later
slaves. The Columbian exchange is responsible for introducing cattle, horses, chickens, and pigs into America. They also import firearms to the new
world. Before such weapons were proposed to Native Americans, they used canes and sharpened sticks as weapons for defense and hunting. Although
these may be seen as positive effects of the exchange, it brought lethal diseases to the Native Americans as well. Measles, influenza, and small pox just
some of the illnesses that killed the majority of the Native American population. The exchange brought fatal diseases killing the larger part of the
populations, therefore leading to a rise in slavery. The Columbian exchange introduced Native Americans to new technology, agriculture and ideas, but
also had the negative effect of almost wiping the population... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Christians believed that medieval era Christian Churches had become ungodly and nefarious. They did not believe there was any need for a
religious leader with great authority, such as the pope. They also disagreed with the power the church was giving the priests, bishops and church
doctrines. These reformers held protests to show how they felt about the Church. The sought to correct the faulty ways of the previous churches and
became know as "protestants." The Renaissance is known as the beginning of a modern world. It started in Italy in the fifteenth century. It is known
as an evolution in the arts and sciences. New art strayed away from strictly about religion and leaned more towards nature and people. New
technologies like firearms and the printing press were invented. These inventions alone closed the separation between they royal and the poor classes.
Religion also changed due to reformers. The renaissance was an age of change and new

Virgin Of Guadalupe Essay
The Virgin of Guadalupe is a syncretic figure between the Spanish and Indian cultures because, for one, the Virgin of Guadalupe is the symbolic
mother, which rest between humans and God, in both the Spanish and Indian cultures. When the Spanish came to America in efforts to try and conquer
the Native Americans, but failed to do so in the end, they began converted many of the Indians into their religion, Catholicism. Since mostly all Native
Americans were converted into Catholicism by the time the Spanish had left, due to the Pueblo Revolt, the Virgin of Guadalupe had become the
Indians Native American Mother. With many of the Virgin of Guadalupe's features, for instance, her brown skin representing characteristics of the
natives. Just as the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It started when controversy, caused by the people of England, erupted regarding the Old church on politics, religion, and persecution. The Old
Church of England believed that they helped people get to heaven by having masses for their souls. Protestants believed that there shouldn't be a
church tied to civil power, but in the 16th century a church with civil power was very important. Fueling the Protestants were Martin Luther, a
German monk, and John Calvin, a French ceric and lawyer, who's efforts helped over throw the Old Church of England. In 1534, once Henry VIII
was denied divorce from his wife by the Old Church of England he decided to create a new church, the Church of England. Henry VIII then placed
himself at the head of the church, replacing the Catholic Pope of Rome. This became the official state religion in which all the protestants of England
joined. The Church of English was very power saying that the Old Church of England had no power because God had all the power and humans had
none, so only he decided if we would reach heaven. Even though the Church of England didn't believe in the Old Church of England ways they still
had many things in common with them. For example, stain glass, bishops, priest, decans, cathedrals and choirs. Protestants were upset and being to
feel that the Church of England was converting back to the ways of the

Thomas Paine's Beliefs Essay
Toby Glover
Engl.2110W02
Midterm S11
Foltz–Gray D. The Native American effect It is clear that throughout many years there has been an exemption of treatment when talking about the
Native Americans in the United States. Supposedly every individual is endowed with the right of freedom, equality, and of seeking for happiness, but
Native Americans were treated irrationally. From the discovery of America, to the founding fathers and settlers, the treatment and attitude towards
Native Americans has been unsettling at best. The colonial policies toward the Native Americans affected the Indians in ways that changed their
relationship between their tribes and the new nation. Cabeza de Vaca, Roger Williams, Cotton Mather, and Benjamin... Show more content on
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Roger Williams was an American Protestant theologian, and the first American proponent of religious freedom and the separation of church and
state. He was a student of Native American languages and an advocate for fair dealings with Native Americans. Having learned their language and
customs, Williams gave up the idea of being a missionary and never baptized a single Indian. Having established a rapport with and understanding off
the Native Americans, Williams became a "keen and sympathetic observer" of the native people. He called on Puritans to deal fairly with the Native
Americans. "Williams nevertheless saw that the American Indians were no better or worse that the "rogues" who dealt with them, and that in fact they
possessed a marked degree of civility" (Williams The Norton Anthology American Literature p.174). During the late years of the 17th century, the
Native Americans and Puritan settlers had struggled to get along. Due to their clashing views on political and cultural issues, neither faction regarded
the other as a respectable group. Cotton Mather displays a totally antagonistic view towards the Native Americans. Mather proves a negative
relationship between the natives and the settlers by displaying the barbarous behavior or violent actions of those whom they consider to be culpable of
wickedness. I believe when Benjamin Franklin was writing

Is Peyote A Spirit, And A Gift From God Who They Call The...
All forms of Peyotism center around the belief that peyote is a spirit, and a gift from God who they call the Great Spirit. The spirit empowers and
connects us to our journey as people. Our lives are transforming journeys and peyote is a tool that can help guide and direct it. "It gives the individual
a chance to re–evaluate their priorities. The head of the Peyote Way Church of God, which is a NAC organization stated "Through the Holy
Sacrament Peyote, the communicant experiences a loss of selfishness and becomes aware of the god within." To native people, peyote is a way of
life. It is a ritual that has been established in their families for thousands of years. It can be compared to a Catholics importance to baptism and
communion, or a Muslims once in a lifetime trip to Mecca. Also like most religions, there are special times and places to take part in spiritual events,
which are often called rituals. Rituals that take place in Peyotism can vary widely. Factors that contribute to how ceremonies are run can include on the
region of the organization, ethnic background of the leaders of the organization, and legality issues surround the rituals taking place. The most popular
two ceremonies practiced in the Native American Church include the "half moon" fireplace and the "crossfire" fireplace. The major differences
between the ceremonies are the use of tobacco and the emphasis of Christianity. The crossfire fireplace ceremony condemns the use of tobacco, and
uses the

Precolonial Native Americans
In the precolonial era, an individual's identity was deeply rooted in their religious beliefs, if not a direct product thereof. For example, the Native
Americans, though separate and distinct, generally viewed their entire world as sacred and significant and thus treated it as such (Goff & Harvey,
2004, p. 7). Conversely, precolonial Europeans saw sanctity much more limitedly than the Native Americans and, with the official religion being
Christianity, were heavily reliant on an institutionalized church and its clergy to attain deliverance (Goff & Harvey, 2004, p. 9). Like the Native
Americans, many West African tribes, which would soon be subjugated to the American slave trade, had commonalities amid their various religious
beliefs, mainly, that there was one supreme god and many secondary gods. This theistic belief necessitated the worship of many deities in attempt to
gain favor (Goff & Harvey, 2004, p. 8). Though these precolonial people varied greatly, their identities were all deeply embedded in their respective
religions. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They believed that everything, living and not, was sacred and interconnected to one another in one, unified spiritual world (Goff & Harvey, 2004, pp.
7, 267). Therefore, they wasted nothing. According to James German, "when a hunter killed an animal for food, religious prohibitions against waste
encouraged him to preserve its pelt" (Goff & Harvey, 2004, p. 267). To the Native Americans, their identity was that they were of but one piece of a
much greater spiritual world and in order to live a fruitful life, they must live harmoniously with the other spirits of the

Native American Relationship In Aguirre : The Wrath Of God
Following the successes of Hernan Cortes with his conquest of the Mexica–Aztec Empire of Mexico and Francisco Pizzaro with his conquest of the
Inka Empire in the Andean Region of South America, many other Conquistadors embarked upon expeditions to discover and conquer wealthy Native
American civilizations. Among this new wave of conquistadors was Lope de Aguirre who accompanied an expedition led by Gonzalo Pizarro, a
brother of Francisco Pizarro, to find the lost city of gold known as El Dorado. The film Aguirre: The Wrath of God is a work of historical fiction that
provides additional insight into the motives and behaviors of the Spanish and Aguirre during this expedition, Spanish–Native American Relations,
Spanish–African slave relations, the status of role of women within colonial society, the role of the Catholic Church within Spanish society, and
the nature of Spanish society within the context of Aguirre's excursion. Aguirre: The Wrath of God provides insight into the desire for a wealth of
gold and glory by the Spanish when undergoing these harsh expeditions, the abuse and subservience Native Americans were subjected to by the
Spanish Conquistadors, the African slaves served the Spaniards and had to complete exhausting and humiliating work, the inferiority of women
compared to Spanish men and how easily they were dismissed by Spanish men, the desire for not only conversion but gold and wealth for the
Catholic Church by allowing the Conquistadors to commit atrocities in the New World, and the Spaniard belief in the righteousness of their
conquests in the New World due to the successful Reconquest of Iberia from the Moors. The motives and behaviors of Spaniards on expeditions
to El Dorado and other large and wealthy Native American civilizations are accurately represented in Aguirre: The Wrath of God because the
Spaniards in the movie and factual Spanish explorers of the New World were searching for fortunes of gold and widespread fame and were willing
to do anything to achieve these goals. A couple of scenes in the film exemplify the Spaniards search for gold and glory the first was when the
Spaniards encounter a Native American with gold so they rip the gold chain off his neck and interrogate him to

Dbquois Vs Americas
1. European vs. Native concepts of land ownership: Europeans believed that land was to be privately held and that it represented one's status and
wealth. On the other hand, Native Americans believed that the land had sacred qualities that should be held in common. For example, the Iroquois
share almost everything with their community. The Iroquois valued their community over themselves. European vs. Native concepts of purpose of
trade: Europeans saw trade mostly as an exchange of goods that often helped both parties as well as creating beneficial friendly relationships with each
other. Trade for Native Americans; however, was meant to continue the reliance of communities and individuals on each other along with a proper
balance between... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Catholics needed a safe place to worship their religion and Chesapeake gave them an opportunity to do this. The New England colonies allowed the
Puritans to spread their religion. Both groups of colonies were also eager to explore the Americas and become wealthy off of the land. Chesapeake
colonies focused mostly on tobacco farming because Virginia had the perfect environment for it and it made them a lot of money. Almost everyone in
the Chesapeake colony was involved in some way in tobacco farming. In New England, people focused on fishing, farming and timbering. They too
relied heavily on the land for their economy. 7. John Winthrop: Winthrop led a movement that brought about 18,000 colonizers to New England. He
had a great education, which he received at Cambridge and the Inns of Court. He worked on a charter from the king to the Puritan–controlled
Massachusetts Bay Company. William Bradford: Bradford came to the Americas on the Mayflower in 1620. He led the survivors of the Mayflower and
ended up settling at Plymouth. This group quickly encountered many fights with Native

Religion in Latin America; the Age of Discovery and...
Religion played a big role in shaping the values, attitudes, and conduct of the Spanish during the Age of Discovery and Conquest (1492–1579). The
colonial church provided control and a standard of conduct and living for the new world. In fact, the colonial church had even more power in Spanish
America then it did in Spain. Why this is important though, is because it limited the possibility of rebellion and opposition. As long as the church was
in place, there was Spanish order, and as long as there was Spanish order, the colonization process could continue to run smoothly and prosper. Nurtured
by the crown, the colonial church thrived. Its main priorities were to convert the Indians, and to theoretically justify the Iberian presence in... Show
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The conversion process did not go on without a hitch though, throughout the new world missionaries had many obstacles to overcome. The first
problem they ran into was the vast number of native languages they encountered. Another is the scattered geographical locations of many tribes,
because there wasn't an easy pattern to follow, Christianity and conversion could not spread as rapidly as they would've liked it to. A third way in
which the conversion was more difficult than intended, was when they came across native religions that shared some of the same beliefs, although it
helped that some basic ideologies were already in place, it was much harder for Christianity to be seen as new and unique. Unlike the original settlers,
evangelicals who traveled to convert did not show the same respect for the indigenous g–ds; the Christian g–d was to stand alone. The native religions
were destructed very systematically; natives who practiced their religions instead of converting were also prosecuted, and many times by the priests
themselves. In these areas of evangelical settlers who would conquest throughout Latin America, laws were even put in place to ensure the practicing of
Christianity. As declared by Prudence, the law dictated that "Natives, whatever their private beliefs, publicly comply with their conqueror's religion"
(Burkholder & Johnson 109). So much for separation of church and state– in the Age of Discovery and Conquest,

Difference between the Spanish Settlement of the Southwest...
During the 17th century, many nations started settling all throughout North America. Spanish conquistadors claimed much of the Southwest, while
England began to occupy the Northeast. The Spanish and English colonies varied in terms of the impact of religion and control of the economy.
The Spanish and English colonies varied in terms of religion such as immigration and opinions on salvation. Starting in the late 1500s and early
1600s, conquistadors such as Vasco Nunuez de Balboa and Herman Cortes of the Spanish empire first started to make their way into the New World.
Known for their mantra, "Gold, Glory, God", the main reason for their expansion was for power and wealth. In the Spanish church, the Pope decided
who went to Heaven. This ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In exchange, the encomendero could force the Native Americans to pay tribute in forms of bullion and labor. Eventually, the native people began to die
off from the harsh labor and foreign diseases that the Spanish brought from Spain. The Native Americans rejected Spanish control and returned to their
customs. Angered by this, the Spanish captured 46 Pueblo leaders, which started the Pueblo Revolt. After years of fighting, the Spanish regained
control. In New England, relationships with local Native Americans started out peaceful. The Native Americans and settlers of New England began to
trade with each other. Native Americans, who were used to their elementary weapons, acquired better weapons from the Europeans. This once
beneficiary exchange between the two cultures eventually grew tense. As years went on and more settlers came to America, conflicts arose. An
agreement formed between Dutch settlers of New York and the English settlers of New England about the division of the Pequot lands. When no
immediate decisions were reached of who would gain the land, New Englanders started to settle in the area without notice. The Pequot took this
unplanned invasion as a form of attack, and fought back. After a series of attacks, New England called for reinforcements from allies. By joining forces
with Plymouth and the Narragansett people, the English gained control

How Did The San Francisco Mission De AsпїЅs?
San Francisco Mission de AsГs
In the early 18th century, the San Francisco Mission de AsГs was built by the Ohlone Indians (also known as the Costanoans), who were natives of the
San Francisco Bay Area. With the Spanish entering their land, they had no choice but to please them. The Spanish explorers wanted land specifically in
Alta California, the only way for them to achieve this was through increasing their population, allowing for greater representation. They desired to reach
California before the Russian fur traders and get a larger political say convincing the Native Americans to join their movement. They figured out that
having the native populations as their own could get the job done fast and efficient. The Catholic Church established missions throughout California to
get this job done. The Spanish explorers' longing for power and land expansion in the new world conflicted the Ohlone Indians by forcing them into
slavery and taking their land, which eventually led to the loss of culture and massive decrease in population.
When the Spaniards first came to California, the natives welcomed them with open arms, giving them a limitless supply of food and keepsakes.
Without resistance or rebellion, they were welcoming and willing to share their successful establishment. With the Spanishs' desire to conquer, they
wooed the Indians by also presenting them gifts upon arrival, "The Spanish brought with them wonders and miracles in the form of glass beads, cloth,
and

Ap Euro Dbq Christopher Columbus
American History: Document Based Question Christopher Columbus Date: 1493 Document: Letter to Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain This is a
source of which the format is a letter being sent to Europe by Columbus. The main idea of this passage is Christopher Columbus writing about [what
he thinks is India, but is really America] America and how they have an abundance of food, and how they can take an advantage over the Indians or
Native Americans. Antonio de Montesinos Date: 1511 Document: Sermon delivered in church This passages main idea is about a man named Antonio
de Montesinos, who stating how the Native Americans are being misused as the Spaniard's slaves, and how they have mistreated and cheated them. For
example the Europeans are trading... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Columbus thinks that they can take full control of this land, it starts a tyranny with the Indians. Columbus thinks that theses Indians need to work and
that's the end, they shall have no holidays nor and break, or even be baptized. Columbus states that, this land has abundance of food and shelter, which
was supposed to be reserved for nature and the Native Americans. Columbus would like to trade trifles, which are little to of no value items, for
valuable items with the Indians, so they can sell them.Antonio de Montesinos on the other hands has noticed how Columbus and the Europeans are
mistreating the Indians and how they should be treated nicer. Antonio de Montesinos know that the Native Americans are very innocent people.
Antonio de Montesinos realizs that we shouldn't be invading their land and they must live in peace. These Indians have no clue what their religion is,
and shouldn't they be baptized or have holidays on Sundays states Antonio de Montesinos. Antonio de Montesinos says in the church that nature is
being harmed, so the Indians are effected because their world revolves around the

Essay Differring Religions In Todays
Differring Religions
Each religious group possesses its' own individual world– view. Two groups, which vary a great deal when reflecting upon their world–views are the
Native Americans and the Puritans. While one group holds one set of standards and beliefs to be true, the other group abides by a completely opposite
set of ideas. The Native American religion functions using its' own world –view. Unlike in Western religions, the Native American religion does not
have certain places in which they need to be more religious than others do. In the Native American religion there is no notion of essential monotheism.
There is no one true god in their religion; therefore they are free to have open–ended worship. The Native American religion ... Show more content on
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This entire reading explains why the French men have such a great hatred of the Native Americans, however they will continue to try to convert the
Native American people to Christian and Catholic belief. Many of the world–views of the Native American religion are quite different from those of
the Puritans. The Puritan religion was once the central part of American identity. Unlike the Native Americans, the Puritans were a highly intellectual
group. They had systems of meticulously written doctrines concerning the Renaissance. The Puritans also had a sense of adventure, which serves a
higher intent. By having this characteristic they seek to create a better society. This is the opposite of what the French believed the Native Americans
to be doing. According to the French reading " they are wanderers, with nothing to attach them to a place, neither homes nor relationships, neither
possessions nor love of country." This description is on the opposite end of the spectrum from the Puritan life. The Puritans attribute their want for a
better society to their pioneering spirit. They had the courage to come from England and settle their families in a new place and begin an entire new
life with no guarantee of success. Puritans focus their religious beliefs around the notion of the covenant. This is yet another example of the difference
between Puritan and Native American world–views. The

Muscogee Creek Nation
Since the arrival of Americans, the Muscogee Creek Nation has changed tremendously. We no longer dress up in head dresses and make sacrifices, but
we do try our best to preserve and teach our culture and heritage. Today the Creek Nation is still an organized community with a leader, meetings,
rituals, and a language.
Creek Indians can be found in many places today, and there is no definite way to tell that one is of the creek descent except by their blood. To declare
yourself as a creek citizen you must first be able to "trace back to a direct ancestor listed on the 1906 Dawes Roll" ("Muscogee"). As the creek heritage
passes from generation to generation a degree of blood is also passed down. To be considered a member of the Creek Nation... Show more content on
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In my own family, many of the traditions we continue to celebrate and do would not have been passed on if it was not for the closeness of our
family. My mother can make many native foods from growing up around her grandmother such as traditional Creek Fry bread; things that I know I
will one day pass on to my children. I can still remember my great grandmother teaching my sister and I how to do traditional basket weaving, a
tradition still taught in classes at the Creek Nation today. "Basket–weaving is one of the oldest known Native American crafts" and shows the diversity
of tribes as the different styles of basket–weaving are still present today (Lollman). If families did not pass on our heritage, many of our native songs
and dances performed at powwows would not be around to see or reenact today. Ultimately all of the traditions we have today would not be here if it
was not for the families passing their knowledge and memories down.
Another way that many creek families have kept their culture alive is by still having traditional Indian burials and funerals. I recently had the chance
to observe this type of funeral for the first time. From this experience I noticed many traditions that I had not known or even seen before. In the creek
community according to Cheri Lollman, a death is seen as a "great accomplishment" in life, because they are now in a better place. Viewing of the
body for my great– grandmother, like in many other

An Analysis Of Benjamin Franklin's Remarks Concerning The...
Published in 1784, Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America, by Benjamin Franklin, explains the division between how the Native
Americans were thought of by the European settlers, and indeed, this essay applies to how they are often thought of today. Even though the
Europeans thought the natives were uneducated savages, Franklin points out ways they were actually more civilized than the Europeans. An
interesting point made in the essay was what the Americans were learning from both church and school. Franklin uses an example of a time when
the Native Americans sent a couple of young people to be educated at a white college. The students learned to be academically smart, but when they
came home, they were "bad Runners, ignorant of every means of living in the woods...they were totally good for nothing" (Franklin 928). After that
experience, they were very resistant to send more natives. Those students lost valuable skills on surviving in the wild and even part of their culture.
The speaker also says at the end of his speech, "If the Gentlemen of Virginia will send us a Dozen of their Sons, we will take great Care of their
Education, instruct them in all we know, and make Men of them" (928).... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once a week everyone would stop what they were doing "to hear and learn good Things" (930). A native wanted to sell his beaver skin to a white
merchant, but he only would take a low offer. The merchant went to the church and came out to say, "I cannot give so much," and lowered the offer
(930). The native realized the good Things they learn in church are actually teaching them how to "cheat Indians in the Price of Beaver" (930).
Un–American cultures are often treated unfairly, even though they deserve the exact same as everyone else. Americans sometimes think we can get
away by cheating them off, but we should know better because they know exactly how we might be treating

Mayflower : A Story Of Courage, Community, And War
Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War by Nathaniel Philbrick
Mayflower: A story of courage,community,and war is about the lives of Pilgrims and the new lifestyle they are entering. The mayflower was the ship
that transported the Pilgrims to the New World in 1620. Mr.Philbrick discusses the relationships amongst the England Pilgrims and their new neighbors
the Native Americans. Upon meeting, there is already distrust between the two groups because they do not fully know each other. The pilgrims and
native americans are now on a long voyage to accumulate trust,build a relationship, adapt to the new lifestyle.
Ten weeks into the journey,the mayflower was coming across the Atlantic Ocean. The voyage must be completed by the... Show more content on
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The food supply starts to decrease and there are only seven houses that are built within that year on the region. While approaching winter, it is
approximately two people who die per day due to hunger, the weather, and sickness.Several conflicts have occurred between the Pilgrims and the
Native Americans that could lead to severe attacks. In one location of the New World, more than 175 Pilgrims begin to fight the local Native
Americans for their goods and food supply which created excessive violence. According to Mr. Philbrick, there high levels of racism from both group .
State officials of Massachusetts began to relocate several Native Americans off the Boston Harbor. The Pilgrims eventually meet some Native
Americans in the area and are able to form a trading alliance that would benefit both parties. The pilgrims and native americans formed what is now
called Thanksgiving. Massasoit was the most powerful Native American leader in the region. His group had been battling disease and approximately
ninety percent of the region 's Native Americans died from what may have been bubonic plague that had also killed some of the mayflower passengers.
Furthermore, England was in a civil war and migration to the New World decreased. Some settlers returned to England and joined the impeachment of
King Charles.The king ended up getting executed in 1649. After the execution, England became Puritan. England was now

The Differences Between The Spanish And Colonial Economic...
Reese Jacobs
History 10–1 H
The Spaniards believed that their interactions with indigenous people was one that accurately reflected the love of Christ. Using the information gained
from section four and additional sources, do you believe the previous statement to be true? Be sure to write about the colonial social structure, the
colonial economic system, and the colonial state and church. Also, include bible verses to support your argument. Be sure to include two additional
sources to support your claim. Honors please have four sources.
WH 10 Ch. 17 Essay In the sixteenth century, both Spain and Portugal established enormous colonial empires around the world. Spain ruled most of
South America and parts of Central America andNorth America. Portugal primarily ruled the country of Brazil. These lands of Central and South
America became known as Latin America. The Spaniards and Portuguese rulers, in my opinion, did not reflect the love of Christ through their
interactions with the indigenous people. The colonial social structure, colonial economic system and the colonial state and church implemented by the
new rulers as well as their interactions with the indigenous people will support my opinion. With the establishment of colonial Latin America, the
rulers decided to create a colonial social structure that divided people into social classes based on status. The three primary social classes included the
peninsulares, creoles, and the multi–racial groups of indigenous people.

Peyote And The Native American Church. Peyote Is A Narcotic
Peyote and the Native American Church Peyote is a narcotic cactus plant that has been used in both religious and healing ceremonies of Native
Americans for thousands of years. Peyote is considered safe by a majority of Native Americans, but also vastly important to their religious heritage.
Not only is it considered historically important but the use of peyote is central to many beliefs of modern Pan–Indianism. Interestingly, the more
popular peyote became among Native American tribes, the more of a concern it became to the US Government and this strange correlation of tribe use
vs. government concern forces us to ask why peyote has become such a central point of conflict. This essay will attempt to answer that question and
show why the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Quanah Parker, the credited founder of the Native American Church, adopted the peyote religion after he suffered a near death experience fighting
federal troops. He claims that Jesus Christ came to him and told him that he needed to take the peyote religion to the Indian Peoples to atone for his
many killings and misdeeds (Toquerville). The establishment of the Native American Church allowed the use of peyote for religious uses and for
many it provided a powerful alternative to both ancient tribal religions and missionary–controlled versions of Christianity which caused it spread like
wildfire across tribes (Fikes). Faced with the suppression of many traditional rituals from the US Government, many Native Americans took solace in
peyote ceremonies because they took place quietly and they were protected under the law (Toquerville). It was not just Native Americans that took
part in these ceremonies. In 1956, Saskatoon Star Phoenix featured an article in which white men experienced peyote rites and one of the observers
remarked that peyote ceremonies offer a tremendous religious experience that intensify the awareness of God. He also said that they provide an
enormous cohesive force for the American Indian when they have had nothing to unify behind in a long time (Dyck). Just like all other Native

Native American Women In Early America
Even at the very beginning of America, Artists would paint the Native American's women in such a way to attracted more people to come over and
explore this new world, and maybe to find these exotic women in the forest. As more and more people came over, along with more success in starting
colonies women were given more power in the new world then back at home. European women, in the beginning, were outnumbered by the males and
this was the beginning of uprising of power for women. European women were not the first group of women to gain more power in society. Native
American women already had more freedom than European women had originally. European and Native–American women share few similarities, but
both groups religions give them societally... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Original Sin, in short was the story on how Adam and Eve got kick out of the Garden by eating the apple. If we continue to look into English
religion, God create men first, then create women for the men. Native American had a different idea on how we were created. The Iroquois
creation story believed that a woman came from Heaven and a tortoise back was the land we live on. A spirit saw that the woman was lonely and
give her three children, two sons and one daughter. The daughter became the mother of the Iroquois people. The Iroquois saw women as the creator
of the world and their nation, which is the complete opposite of what English believed. Instead of women being seen as weak, Native American
women were essential to group survival for they were gatherers of the group. They daily life included finding food, nurturers to the children, and
processes of community decision. Women in Native American society were not seen as equals through. Looking at the two paintings of Native
Americans working on farm land by Joseph–Francois Lafitau and Theodor de Bry. Both were European artist that depict Native American women
gatherers and work at home. In Theodor de Bry painting he paints women planting seeds, as the men work the field to make the land suitable to grow
plants. In Joseph–Francois Lafitau painting it shows men working the field while women plant seeds again, but it also shows women gatherer sap from
trees to make syrup. Women were not equal to men in Native American society, but they had many more rights than European women. In John White
painting of Native Americans religious ritual, it shows Native American women preforming a ritual among males. In some cases women served as the
mediators between humans and supernatural powers. The only time women were able to pick their husband in early America was Chesapeake. As
mention before, women

European Contributions : Natives, And Civilization Of...
The Natives were a diverse group of people meaning hundreds of different and unique languages were spoken and various distinct cultures and societies
were spread across the land. Agriculture included maize, squash and beans which were vital for their survival. In comparison to the Europeans, the
natives lagged in technological advancement. Due to lack of guns, metal tools and machines, the Europeans use this as a justification for European
conquest.
Natives traded across North America or Cahokia near present–day St. Louis. Western Indians establish villages in present day south–western the United
States. They also created irrigation systems for maize, beans and cotton, which were very advanced agricultural techniques. Great plain Indians were
mainly hunters due to the dry environment that they lived in. On the Eastern side of North America, there was a mixture of hunting and agriculture for
Native Americans. There was also the Great League of Peace, where five Iroquois nation attempted to bring stability and peace to their land.
Native Americans mainly practiced animism, a belief that objects and animals all possess spiritual qualities. Shaman, medicine men and spiritual
leaders held great power. Many Europeans believed that this practice was absurd and that they needed to convert Natives to Christianity. Furthermore,
Natives view of land was vastly different from the European's. Natives viewed the land as a common resource while the Europeans viewed it as
individual

History Of The Ghost Dance
The Ghost Dance was a sign of hope for the Native American that they truly believed in. The fact that many of them would dance till unconscious
shows the determination and faith that the Native Americans had in the hope of being free once again. Not many citizens in this day and age have faith
as strong as the Native Americans; which, can be quite disheartening at times. It is infuriating how the government treated civil, non–threatening,
cooperative human beings known as Native Americans. In fact, those Native Americans were people that rightfully belonged to those native lands. The
general policy came across as not even seeing these people as actual human beings more as an unwanted nuisance that could be controlled by means of
arbitrary acts

Cultural Differences Between Native Americans And English...
The Englishmen were not the first settlers of the New World. Many years before both the Spanish and the French had claimed parts of North America.
England was only in it for land and money. When the English settlers arrived they did not care about the Native Americans and had little desire to
accept their culture. The leaders of the colonies new they would need the help of the Natives to survive. During the early years the settlers and Indians
got along. The Native Americans would provide food, clothing, and shelter in exchange for knives or hatchets. The Natives also taught them to be
competent. As the settlers increased their knowledge and started taking more of Natives land the relationship between them began to diminish. Cultural
differences became overwhelming as the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although many colonists wanted to be rid of the Natives not all of them thought the same way. William Penn proposed a treaty promising of perennial
friendship with the Lenni Lenape tribe in Shackamaxon. The event is not recorded in original primary source documents, and its details as well as its
authenticity have been debated. Although the Puritans and the Quakers were separatists seeking freedom in the New World, they suffered religious
persecution within their own communities. The main focus is the conflict of culture the Puritans and the Quakers experienced when they were
introduced to Native Americans. Both groups came to the New World because of their disagreement with the Church of England. The Puritans
believed the Church of England was in need of purification because because they were adopting too many Catholic beliefs. The Quakers wanted
religious freedom for everyone. People were free to believe what they wanted. People from all over Europe poured into their communities, seeking
religious

Some of the Puritan Beliefs that Led to Tensions,...
Some of the Puritan Beliefs that Led to Tensions, Conflicts, and Concerns among the Colonists and/or Native Americans
The Puritans were a distinct group of individuals who performed religious actions. They emerged within the England church in the mid–16th century.
These people shared a conjoint Calvinist theology as well as the common Anglican Church criticisms and the English government and society. The
Puritans' population grew steadily, hence culminating in the 1640s English Civil War and the Oliver Cromwell rule of the 1640s.
Owing to the restoration of the Stuart Monarchy, this culture continued to eclipse with England in a large extent since the movement had been cited as
the radicalism and disturbance related to the Civil War... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1), '"A Model of Christian Charity," Puritans in Massachusetts were placed "as a city upon a hill" to create a model of success and prosperity that
would light the way for the rest of humankind."'
The Puritans believed that the Almighty had chosen them to create a New Jerusalem in Eden, the Promised Land and took this as a calling that they
shouldn't have failed in. these people were received well with enthusiasm and were discovered to believe in ways that were parallel to those of the
Europeans. They also held that the supreme God both tested and favored them. In their teachings, the devil's description was that of a tormentor and a
tempter, who tirelessly worked in attempt to disorient them. However, they were encouraged to always be ready for him and defeat him so as to
receive God's promise, eternal salvation.
Religion played a significant role in the Native American Society as well as the Puritan Society even though both of them believed in varied
ideologies. The Puritan people believed that had selected a few people to join in heaven and live with him. On the other hand, the Natives had a belief
that all of us were the same in the eyes of God and no one was greater than the other. These two groups had their meanings propagated in a very much
contrasting manner.
The Puritans' bible gave details of their religion and also had responses to all possible questions. On the other hand, the Native Americans depended on
the oral propagation of their

4 Winthrop A Model Of Christian Charity
The Englishmen were not the first settlers of the New World. Many years before both the Spanish and the French had claimed parts of North America,
Although, England is most talked about Spain and France also only wanted land and money. When the English settlers first arrived in the early
seventeenth century, they did not care about the Native Americans and had little desire to accept their culture. The leaders of the colonies knew they
would need the help of the Natives to survive. During the early years the settlers and Indians got along. The Native Americans would provide food,
clothing, and shelter in exchange for knives or hatchets. The Natives also taught them to be competent. As the settlers increased their knowledge and
started taking... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, man began to do evil, laws and government were established to constrain him.9 The laws created by William Penn were quite simple.
Religious tolerance was considered a law in Pennsylvania. Penn crafted a government for Pennsylvania based on Enlightenment principles. He rejected
models of government that forced laws on citizens against their will. Penn emphasized self–government for the people. On the other hand, the Puritans
found difficulty in establishing a self–sustaining, self–governing settlement and describes the colonists' mounting conflict with the Indians.10 The
Puritans believed in self–governing towns and a decentralized church government. Their laws were governed by religious beliefs.11 For example, if
you failed to attend church twice daily you were punished with a loss of a day's food for the first offence, whipping for the second, and six months of
rowing for the third. Contrastingly, the Native Americans were said to have domestic, dependent tribes. "Natural freedom is the only object of the
policy of the [Native Americans]; with this freedom do nature and climate rule alone amongst them ... [Native Americans] maintain their freedom and
find abundant nourishment... [and are] people who live without laws, without police, without religion.".12 The U.S. Constitution is modeled after the
oldest constitution in North America –– the

Essay about Peyote and Native American Culture
Peyote and Native American Culture
Peyote was originally described in 1560, however it was not until the middle of the nineteenth century that botanists were able to conduct field research
and correctly classify the cactus (Anderson, 1980). Field studies have concluded that there are two distinct populations of peyote which represent two
species. The first and most common, Lophophora williamsii extends from southern Texas reaching south to theMexican state of San Luis Potosi. The
second and least common of the two species is Lophophora difusa, which occurs in the dryer terrain of the Mexican state of Queretaro. This species
differs from the more common species by, "being yellowish–green rather than blue green in color, by lacking any ... Show more content on
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Also it should be noted that depending on the tribe or group leader, elements of Christianity figure prominently through the ceremony (www. peyote.
net). The majority of the peyotism practiced in the United States can be identified with the Native American Church (NAC). There are many divisions
of the NAC, and each chapter is composed of several auxiliary chapters or moons, Each chapter has officers who are trained to carry out the various
tasks associated with the peyote ceremony. The most prominent position is that of Road Chief who is responsible for governing the main elements of the
meeting as well as leading the participants down "The Peyote Road" or the way of learning to live life well (www.peyote.net), There are other offices
held in the ceremony such as Cedar Man, Fire Man, Drum Man, and Earth Mother, and while many chapters have their own variances of the ceremony,
many share common ceremonial elements along with the adherence to the practice of avoiding alcohol, devotion to family, and general moral living
(www.peyote.net).
The ritualistic practice of peyote and shamanism, are commonly linked, however in the case of the Mescalero Apache Tribe the use of peyote in
shaman rites had anything but a transcendental effect which eventually lead to the abolishment of peyote from shamanistic ceremony. A lack of harmony

Analysis Of Geoffrey Chaucer 's Canterbury Tales Essay
Most people have experienced an event in their lifetime that has caused them to develop trust issues, and many of which will never overcome this
lack of trust in others. There is a specific reason for this, and it all begins with the issue at hand itself, trust. Everyone with trust issues has been
wronged and used relating to their trust in another person. They were betrayed by someone they never imagined could hurt them. As a recent song
created by the rock group Phish has reverberated, "Each betrayal begins with trust." Betrayal has been a common theme in all forms of literature
since time began and is a part of being a social being, humans, that we simply cannot avoid. Where there is a relay of trust, there is an individual
willing to extort it. Just as though some individuals will exploit power wherever they can find it in order to better themselves, others will exploit trust
to better themselves. This first exploit of trust can be found within Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. While the whole entire work exposes
corruptions within the Catholic Church during Chaucer's time, the breaking of trust is actually demonstrated within the Pardoner's Prologue and Tale.
At the end of the Pardoner's tale, he offers the pilgrimage relics, for a fee of course. However, at the prologue of the Pardoner's tale, the Pardoner
himself has explained how the Catholic Church and other fellow pardoners and church officials sell relics which are no more than normal items given
with a

Massacre at Deerfield
Clash of Cultures: The Deerfield Massacre
Amanda Collier
HIS/110
December 10, 2012
Mark Hoffman
Clash of Cultures: The Deerfield Massacre
It was a cold winter of 1704 and an English settlement that was in the mid Connecticut River valley, became a place for a great intercultural,
international conflict. Deerfield was raided by French and Native forces in an ongoing struggle with the English for control of native lands and
resources. Native American peoples; French, English, and Africans; soldiers, ministers, farmers and traders; men, women, and children; they were all
affected by these conflicts. Deerfield had been prepared for this attack as they had gotten word that it might happen. They had soldiers and a fortress ...
The scene is horrible, bodies lay on the ground killed by guns, hatchets, and knives even war clubs all just beyond words. The bodies on the ground are
not the only ones they find, in the houses they find much more. Some that hid in the cellars died as they were trapped in the fire. Mothers, fathers and
children burned and smothered in what they thought would be safe.
There were ones that were wounded that needed to be looked after as well and these were the lucky ones. There is tales of others like the young
couple whose home was so small that the snow covered it and it could not be seen and a woman who hid under an overturned tub. These stories are
not bound by evidence but by stories being passed down and is to interesting to overlook when telling the story.
The living, the wounded, and the escaped of Deerfield had to get on with life. Tradition says that there was a mass burial in the town cemetery a
sorrowful task for all that survived.
In the weeks and months that passed groups of men began arriving from other towns. All debating whether or not they should go after the captives and
retake them. All agreed that if they did this they would surly kill all especially the Reverend and his family.
As this is going on the captives and the captors and trudging through the wilderness on the way to Canada. Suffering is happening will

Four Model Patterns Of Interaction Among The Racial And...
1. Define the patterns of interaction: Our sociologist has described four model patterns of interaction among the racial and ethnic in our society. They
consist of pluralism, assimilation, segregation and genocide. Pluralism is based on when people of different social classes, religions and races are
together in a society but have different traditions and interest. There are different real life examples of pluralism that goes on around the world. An
example of real life pluralism would be that in the United States have many cities that have areas that are known for Little Italy or Chinatown. Those
people from that country are still able to keep their cultural tradition. Assimilation is "a process through which a minority group forsakes its cultural
traditions and adopts those of a dominant group in society" (Tweedell, 2003, 2010, p.185). Example of this would be that many people see the United
States has the "melting pot" because all of the different nationality blending together. On the other hand, we have segregation. Segregation refers to the
separation of differing racial groups and ethnicities by law, guaranteeing that the majority group in society will have the most dominance. Prior to the
civil rights movement, segregation was very prevalent. Blacks could not even use the same restroom or water fountain as whites. Although segregation
is now illegal in the United States, segregation still exists in terms of housing, job opportunities, etc. The last of the four

Relationships Among Natives And Europeans
Grecia Loya
United States History
April 14, 2015 Relationships among the Natives and Europeans
The stories regarding the Native Americans and European settlers all commence somewhat similar: the Natives welcome and help sustain the
Europeans in the start. They become an instrumental piece to the European survival in the Americas. The relationship starts to change, however, as
settlers grow independent. In some instances, when there is only personal gain to be acquired, the relationship becomes a simple trade relationship. In
other instances, relationships between the Native Americans and Europeans evolve into a drastic feud driven by European imperialistic ideas to
impose political, religious and cultural law on the Natives. England has conquered many territories and established colonies throughout history. In this
English form of colonization, it is clear that there is an obvious mission to intrude into native customs and force their own. They utilize the purest form
of imperialism– to strip others of their customs and replace it with ones own in order to expand glory and gain for a nation. The English colonists
seeked to expand and establish English ideas into foreign cultures. In the case with the Native Americans, the English did not see the Native Indians as
equals in anyway possible. They did not acknowledge their religion, particularly because it was not Christian based, nor their law system, since it was
not related to church based laws. Wherever

Native Americans and Peyote Use Essay
For better or worse, many societies of the modern world tolerate certain methods of self–intoxication. Despite the possibility of negative consequences,
all the cultures of the world the consumption of substances like alcohol and tobacco are sanctioned under particular circumstances. All societies face
the reality that significant proportions of mankind seek to the same time expressly criminalizing others. This irony is made more bizarre by the
evidence that a myriad of rich cultural timelines can supply to demonstrate that there is reasonable historical precedence in existence to show the use of
alternative forms of drugs being cultivated and utilized.(McKenna) The concept of an individual person deliberately changing their perception... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By contrast, if the same group had discovered and ingested some hallucinogenic mushrooms, they would be compelled to confront and would surely
have discussed and attempted to understand the nature of their otherworldly mushroom–induced encounters. Assuming that their neurochemistry was
not so different from ours today, those occurrences would have been well beyond the bounds of their everyday experiences and vocabulary. They
could easily have concluded that these plants were the residences of divinities or other spiritual forces. (Nichols) Not soon after the first Europeans
set foot on American soil at the end of the fifteenth century, they began take note with varying degrees of fascination and revulsion of a strange
indigenous custom psychedelic plant ritual. They were later to recognize this occurrence as an indispensable aspect of aboriginal religion and ritual
in many parts of the New World. Intoxication by certain plants were ascribed supernatural powers by indigenous people. Hallucinations and the
experience of Peyote are seen as not only a cosmic experience, but also a personal reflection life and its many lessons as well. The "Psychedelic"
Peyote is a species of cactus that grows in regions of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It is most well–known for

Serra's Canonization
As Serra's canonization may have come as a moment of deep pride for Latinos and Catholic alike, it was obviously also a source of great controversy
for many Native Americans. They have since grown weary of the deception and the corruption on the part of many different outfits of the Catholic
Church. In one particularly angering case from 1986, the Catholic Diocese of Monterey, California, where Father Serra is buried, released a report that
found no evidence of Native American mistreatment. Despite the utter lack of respect and false research from that report, there are also proponents of
the Church who have acknowledged Serra's crimes against Native Americans, both then and now. However, this doesn't come without a catch that still
keeps... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The acceptance and even glorification of his 'good deeds' also played an immense role. Many have touted Serra as a champion for Native
American rights despite the clear historical evidence supporting the idea that he was a forceful evangelizer who saw himself and the Spanish as
superior beings to the Native Americans. Although many say Serra was better than most missionaries of his time, it still doesn't account for all the
heinous crimes he committed. Robert M. Senkewicz, a history professor at Santa Clara University rightfully said that while Serra represented "the
softer side of Spanish colonialism," he still actively participated in a system in which "violence and coercion were an integral part." One could argue
that the only real reason why this historical narrative hasn't been rightfully rewritten is that its roots are in a religious institution. Not just any
institution, the Catholic church yields power and influence on a global scale. Yet again, we see the presence of both an oppressor as well as the
oppressed. The Catholic Church has been viewed as the 'defender of all that is right and just' throughout history because it claims that many of its
unholy actions were carried out in the name of God. As we study history to make sense of the present, we can often become naГЇve, accepting 'facts' at
face value. With that said, we form 'silences' just like in the historical narrative

Essay about Icons of Ambivalence in Bless Me Ultima
Icons of Ambivalence in Bless Me Ultima
The portrait of Mexican Americans is layered in shades of ambivalence. Aside from the fact there is evidence that they can not really be classified as
a migratory culture in that the land where they tend to migrate once belonged to Mexico, they can also lay an earlier claim to the land as Native
Americans. The Spanish Europeans who settled in the area that became Mexico evolved as the dominant culture over the oral culture of the Native
Americans. Nevertheless, there is evidence of ambivalence among the Native Americans to the dominant culture of the Spanish in what is arguably one
of the Mexico's basic texts, the story of the Miraculous Apparition of the Virgin of Guadalupe in 1531.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Legend says that a child who cries in the womb will be given the "Don" and become a curandera. "Don" means the gift from God.
(La Curandera 1).
Therein lies the contradiction of the curandera, she cannot be categorized as only a pagan icon, in that curandera has respect for and practices the
religion of Catholicism along with her healing (Blessed or Evil). Similar to the Virgin of Guadalupe, the character of Ultima, a curandera, defies easy
classification as either of the native or dominant culture. The myth of the Miraculous Apparition of the Virgin of Guadalupe in 1531 and Bless Me
Ultima arise as cultural narratives of ambivalence, with elements of both resistance and assimilation in their characters, which elude definition by
dominant culture's standards.
Juan Diego, the native peasant to whom the Virgin of Guadalupe appears, and Antonio Marez, the young boy who is to become an apprentice of sorts
to Ultima, exhibit similar ambivalence, with one important distinction. Juan Diego becomes more enmeshed with the dominant culture as a result of
his experience by becoming a life long proponent of the Catholic faith (Blessed Juan). Antonio, on the other hand, seems to veer away from the ideal of
the Church as he questions its true power in certain matters of spirituality.
When Antonio's uncle becomes very ill under the curse laid by the Trementina sisters, known "brujas"

Cultural Differences Between European And Native Americans
The cultural difference between the Europeans and Native Americans caused many clashes that led into destruction of land and the people. The
culture differences led to a bloodshed in the war of Captivity which resulted in the Native American to migrate west into the European culture. The
European Americans believed in and followed the practices of a monarchy government. They believed in commitment to the King or Queen of
England and that one person holds all the power and total sovereignty until they die or give up their position. However, the Native Americans held
to a more tribal form of government, they governed themselves and they helped each other out but they didn't have a central ruler. There are a large
number of tribes within the Native American culture and they all have slightly different beliefs. Some native groups were oriented more towards
hunting and gathering and depended on the spirits to help them find what they were out to look for. Other groups were more agricultural and looked
for spirits to provide good weather for cropping. Although, they had different beliefs all of them established an animistic worldview and they had
many things in common. After the Europeans moved to the new world the population expanded over time but due to the illnesses and diseases many
people died. Most Native Americans believed in God who was responsible for creating the world. They praised and worshiped him but they also
believed that there were other spirits which were able

Native American Catholic Church
The catholic church was a big a part of everyone during the days of the medieval times. Including the Spanish and Native Americans. Plus the catholic
church was the only church during this time period. The Spanish king commanded priests to convert the local people to the Christian faith. Some
Native Americans combined Spanish customs with their own and other rejected Spanish ideas completely.
The church was a major political force during this point of time. Kings and Queens needed papal approval, especially when there was a lot of conflict
going on. This allowed the church to to use political power as it could help them solve and determine which claimants to a throne would be accepted.
There were a long history and a lot tension between the church and secular authority over this and other political issues. ... Show more content on
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He said that the Spanish should try to convert Native Americans to Christianity by showing them love, gentleness, and kindness. The Spanish monarchs
agreed, but the colonists did not always follow their laws.
It was felt to have a monopoly on the church and it basically meant that they could control of who went to heaven or hell. This made a huge impact on
people's lives and made more people go to the church. The catholic church played a lot of huge roles back in the day and still does to this

The Spanish And English Colonies
Though North America was first explored by Europeans when Nordic people settled in modern–day Canada circa the 11th century, widespread
colonization of the North American continent did not truly occur until the arrival of Spanish explorers four centuries later. English explorers quickly
followed the Spanish to the New World and, though each group of colonists faced similar issues, the two colonies handled life in North and Central
America quite differently. The Spanish and English colonies were generally the same in regard to their treatment of Native Americans while
significantly different when examining the role of the European government on their colonies ' leadership in addition to their diverse economic
foundations. The Spanish and English colonies were extremely similar, nearly identical even, in that each gave little respect to the religious origins and
customary living of the Native Americans. The Spanish colonists were the first to arrive in the New World in the late 1400s, and, upon arrival,
launched cultural attacks on the Native Americans. Spanish friars began stripping indigenous people of their native religion and forcing European
practices onto the masses. The Reconquista of Spain from the Moors fabricated a very close relationship between the Roman Catholic church and
Spanish authorities. Because the church now held so much power in Spain, Catholic leaders were able to send friars along on the government funded
expeditions to the New World. The church

Differences Between Spanish And English Colonies From 1492-1700

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Differences Between Spanish And English Colonies From 1492-1700