1. Location:
Zambia
• The country
experiences a lot of
rain.
• With two seasons;
one a dry season
that lasts a few
months, and a wet http://www.shikanda.net/ethnicity/illustrations_manch/ETHNIC_ZAMBIA_EDITED.gif.gif
season that lasts the remaining amount of
Country History:
the year. “The territory of Northern Rhodesia was
administered by the [British] South Africa
Company from 1891 until it was taken
over by the UK in 1923. During the 1920s
and 1930s, advances in mining spurred
development and immigration. The name
was changed to Zambia upon
independence in 1964. In the 1980s and
1990s, declining copper prices and a
prolonged drought hurt the economy.
Elections in 1991 brought an end to one-
party rule, but the subsequent vote in 1996
saw blatant harassment of opposition
parties. The election in 2001 was marked
by administrative problems with three
parties filing a legal petition challenging
the election of ruling party candidate Levy
MWANAWASA. The new president
http://www.travelvisasexperts.com/userfiles/image/Flag/Zambia-Flag.gif launched an anticorruption investigation in
2002 to probe high-level corruption during
the previous administration. In 2006-07,
• The country holds 13,460,305 people. this task force successfully prosecuted four
• The average age is around 16.5 years old; cases, including a landmark civil case in
the UK in which former President
most communities live in places where CHILUBA and numerous others were
found liable for USD 41 million.
there are no official roads. MWANAWASA was reelected in 2006 in
• 86.8% of people over 15 can read and an election that was deemed free and fair.
Upon his abrupt death in August 2008, he
write English. was succeeded by his Vice President
Rupiah BANDA, who subsequently won a
special presidential election in October
2008.” (CIA Fact Book)
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/geos/za.html

2. • Floods occur many times a year, and
insects like mosquitoes can multiply in
these very moist areas.
• Most mosquitoes carry deadly
diseases as well.
http://skmalawi.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/z
ambia-border-rain1.jpg?w=200&h=300
Poverty Status:
• Trash is thrown on the ground due the
Zambia is a country defined by extreme poverty.
scarcity of trash cans in rural areas.
By 2000, over 70 percent of the population lived
• Trash can consist of broken bottles, chip
on less than 1 dollar a day (the figure 10 years
bags, or food.
before was 50 percent) and 64 percent of this
• Protection from the elements is crucial
income was spent on essential food. This is in a
because of the extreme exposure to unclean
country whose public expenditure on health as a
goods.
percentage of GDP fell from 2.6 percent in 1990
to 2.3 percent in 1998, and where external aid
per capita fell from US$119.7 in 1992 to US$36.1
in 1998. In addition, the daily per capita supply
of calories fell from 2,173 in 1970 to 1,970 in
1997, and the daily supply of protein declined by
19.2 percent and fat by 27.1 percent over the
same period. Consequently, 3 in 5 of Zambian
children were malnourished by 2001. Along with
the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, these
factors have contributed to a declining life
expectancy for the average Zambian from 47.3
years in the early 1970s to 40.1 in the late 1990s.
©Davy Mellado
http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Afric
a/Zambia-POVERTY-AND-
WEALTH.html#ixzz1DTr10Vcu

3. THE NEED
According to soles4shoes and organization that has distributed over
13 million pairs of shoes worldwide, shoes are a necessity of life that
help prevent parasitic infections that affect 1.4 billion people. Over
300 million children go barefoot worldwide and risk cuts, scrapes,
and burns which lead to more infection that isn’t always treated.
Diseases and infections such as hookworm are 60 times as common
in poor areas without shoes such as African and Southeast Asian
countries. In America, shoes are for style and comfort, yet the
majority of world lacks even one pair of shoes.
http://www.soles4souls.org/about/g
reen.html
http://www.yournextshoes.com/2010/08/get-yourself-some-
toms-and-give-a-pair-of-shoes-to-a-child-in-need/

4. NEED FOR SHOES IN ZAMBIA
http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/Sept10/SigDonations.html
http://www.worldvision.org/content.nsf/about/20101020-2010-TOMS-Shoes-World-Vision-
Partnership
http://www.thezambian.com/zambia/w/zambia/climate-of-zambia.aspx
http://atdaybreak.wordpress.com/
In Zambia, over 600,000 children are left orphans because of AIDS. They are too poor to get all
the basic necessities and tend to lack proper footwear. They need it to protect themselves from
diseases. If these children are provided with shoes they will have many new opportunities. Not
only is it very difficult for
most children to walk the
long distance to school
without shoes, but laws ban
children from attending
schools without a uniform,
which includes shoes. In
order to protect these children
and give them hope, they
need basic life needs, http://www.africaodyssey.com/zambia---when-to-go
including shoes. Also, people
in Zambia experience a rainy season from November to April each year in which around 500 to
1400 mm of rain falls every year. This amount of rain is a hassle by itself. However, the
additions of unpaved roads, poor gravel and soil composition, and the lack of decent drainage
systems causes worse problems than just a lot of rain. A lot of mud is formed and standing water
becomes a problem. Standing water provides homes for disease carrying insects and promotes
the risk of hidden sharp rocks that children can cut their feet on. Zambian kids need waterproof
shoes that will protect them from all this.

5. Current Viable Solutions
http://hubpages.com/hub/Make-a-Pair-of-Homemade-Hurache-Sandals
-I liked this website because it
gave a step-by-step tutorial on how
to physically create your sandal.
- The continuous string throughout
the entire shoe would provide a
simplistic way to create the shoe.
- The way the string was cut with
insert tab allows the user to create
the shoe without having to do any
gluing or sewing.
http://homemadebyjill.blogspot.com/2007/12/homemade-cloth-baby-shoes.html
I liked these shoes because of the
elastic band. Although it is not the
waterproof material that my group
desires to have, we believe that it
is possible to incorporate the band
into our shoe.

6. http://www.vibramfivefingers.com/index.htm
- I liked the Five Finger concept
because it gave my group and I a
visual image of ways we can shape
the tire for the sole of the shoe.
- We liked how both sides of the
shoe and the back heel were
fastened with one strip that
connected in the front.
o We would probably use a
string instead of Velcro
because it is more
accessible to everyone.
http://www.toms.com/?keyword=toms%20shoes&network=g&matchtype=e&mobile=&content=
&search=1&gclid=CKmB-9GW9qYCFQNrKgodVhXFCw
- The single cloth material for the
whole shoe looked like a great idea
because it was simple, easy to
make, and had been done before so
we knew it was plausible.
- We would use a waterproof
material as the cloth because we
are designing a shoe for people in
wet areas.
- The slip on concept could
pose as a problem because
if the shoe get stuck in the
mud it will slip right off
(elastic band could fix
this).
http://www.hollowtop.com/sandals.htm

7. - The button strap is a great idea
because we could add it onto the
general shape of the TOMS shoes
and that would keep them from
falling off.
o The buttons are easier to
find then Velcro.
http://www.barefootrunner.com/2009/03/review-wateraqua-shoes/
-These shoes are shaped like a sandal with
the strap concept.
- The sole is a tire
- It requires no glue or sewing.
(He cut the sole with tabs on
the side and the tire as one
continuous piece)
- The shoes are extremely comfortable
- They added the tab at the back of the
sandal to add support and make it more
durable in wet conditions (like mud and
puddles).
http://www.etsy.com/shop/netamir

8. - The water shoes are great
because they are built to
serve the same problem we
are trying to solve.
- They are designed to be in
water and will dry quickly.
- The gel-like bottom could
be a good thing to use
because it would provide
maneuverability as well as
durability.
http://www.asia.ru/en/ProductInfo/741093.html
- The overall shape of this shoe is
very similar to the TOMS shoe,
but the tightness of it would be
great for keeping water out and
their feet in.
http://www.shoesreviewss.com/2010/12/09/water-shoes/

9. - If we designed the shoe to
have holes on the side it
would allow the water to
seep out and this would
keep the foot dry while still
protecting it from
dangerous elements (i.e.
rocks, glass, etc.)
http://www.muckbootsandshoes.com
The boot shape is great because it
enable the users to go into deeper
waters without having to worry
about it seeping into the shoes. It
will ultimately keep their feet
dryer and we hope to incorporate a
boot like shape into our product.

10. OUR PRODUCT MATERIALS
WATERPROOF MATERIALS
According to the Waterproof Store, these are the different classes of waterproof materials
that most companies follow.
Class 1 – Water resistant for light rain or light splash applications. Product can be permeated by
water in the following situations: prolonged water exposure, heavy top-down watering, forceful water
pressure applications, or submersion.
Class 2 – Waterproof in top-down watering applications. The product can be permeated by water in
any of the following applications: forceful water pressure, water injected from odd angles, or submersion.
Class 3 – Waterproof so tight it floats or can handle quick submersions. The product can be
permeated by water in any of the following applications: prolonged submersion, submersions greater than
3 feet in depth, high water pressure applications.
Class 4 – Waterproof and submersible to at least 3 feet, but no more than 12 feet (maximum depth
varies by manufacturer). This is the first class referred to as truly submersible. Suitable for underwater
sports such as swimming and snorkeling, where great depths are not common. The product can be
permeated by water in any of the following applications: submersion greater than manufacturers
recommended depth rating, constant submersion longer than 24 hours, extremely high water pressure
applications where seals could be damaged.
Class 5 – Waterproof and submersible to depths greater than 12 feet (often as much as 100 feet –
varies by manufacturer). Suitable for any underwater sport of less depth than the manufacturer’s
maximum depth rating. Common applications include scuba diving, snorkeling, search & rescue, and
white water rafting. The product can be permeated by water in any of the following applications: depths
greater than the manufacturer’s maximum depth rating or any physical force that could jeopardize the
water-tight seal.
http://www.thewaterproofstore.com/wara.html

11. SALT PELLET BAGS
Salt pellet bags such as the ones
shown hold around 40-80 pounds
of salt which is used in water
softeners, saline pools, and to deice
roads. After using the salt, these
bags are gotten rid of.
http://rasmuscatalog.com/cgi-bin/mnlist.cgi?rasmus110/category/ALL
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
-Flexible -Appearance
-Durable
-Abundant/easy to obtain
-Cost effective (people use them anyways)
-Waterproof
RAIN PONCHOS
Rain ponchos are available at most
convenient stores and are used as
light weight, compactable coats
when one gets caught in the rain.
Available in multiple colors.
http://www.sz-wholesale.com/Search-
Result/Rain-Poncho/
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
-Abundant -Easily torn/not durable
-Appearance (multiple colors) -Will be material not used (hood)
-Very Cheap
-Small object to ship
-Waterproof (until it rips)

12. CAR TIRES
Car tires are durable and abundant.
They are made from flexible steel
and polyester cords and then
encased by very strong vulcanized
rubber. They should be changed
about every 6 years, 10 at the most.
They would be strong enough for
people to walk on. They would
provide a good outsole and support
system for shoes.
http://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/03/car-tires-made-from-corn-sugar-cane-switchgrass-
bioisoprene.php
http://www.ehow.com/facts_4865860_what-car-tires-made.html info
INSOLES
When one is walking
feet go through two
different stages.
Contact phase
The foot is on the
ground.
Swing phase
The foot is in the air.
The most damage is
done to the foot when it
is in the contact phase.
Certain areas of the foot
become strained over
time such as the bottom
of the heel, the back of http://www.altwoodpharmacy.com/scholl-orthaheel-insoles-and-gel-
the heel, the knee, and the balls pain-relivers/scholl-orthaheel-sensitive-feet-orthotics-small.html
of the feet. These stresses can
be prevented by using an insole.

13. SOLUTION TO PAIN
LAYERS
Layered insoles help to reduce pain.
Insoles such as Glidesofts use layers of
low friction materials to create their
insole. This is because when the foot
presses down the top layer moves forward
slightly as elastic bands stretch,and then
when the foot lifts up it goes back to
normal. This reduces feet pain because it
reduces shear stress, or stress applied to a
surface on a parallel plane.
http://www.orthofit.in/web/bran
ds/vasyli/diabetic-insole/

14. SHOE SIZE CONVERSIONS
http://www.zappos.com/c/shoe-size-conversion?gclid=CLve0r-E_qYCFQPsKgodEyMGaA

15. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Amir, Neta. "Homemade Cloth Shoes Slippers and More by Netamir on Etsy." Etsy - Your Place to Buy
and Sell All Things Handmade, Vintage, and Supplies. Web. 07 Feb. 2011.
<http://www.etsy.com/shop/netamir>.
Blogsdna. "Get Yourself Some TOMS and Give a Pair of Shoes to a Child in Need | Your Next Shoes."
Your Next Shoes - Footwear For Kids, Men & Women. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Feb. 2011.
<http://www.yournextshoes.com/2010/08/get-yourself-some-toms-and-give-a-pair-of-shoes-to-a-
child-in-need/>.
"CIA - The World Factbook." Welcome to the CIA Web Site — Central Intelligence Agency. Web. 14
Feb. 2011. <https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/za.html>.
" Climate of Zambia - Zambia - Zambia Online - The Zambian." Home - The Zambian. N.p., n.d. Web. 7
Feb. 2011. <http://www.thezambian.com/zambia/w/zambia/climate-of-zambia.aspx>.
Elpel, Thomas J. "Tire Sandals: Innovative Footwear Recycled from Old Tires." Thomas J. Elpel's Web
World Portal: Primitive Living Skills, Sustainable Living Skills, HOPS Press, LLC, Granny's
Country Store, Green University, LLC, Society of Primitive Technology, Wildflowers and Weeds,
Jefferson River Canoe Trail, Braintain Buckskin. Web. 04 Feb. 2011.
<http://www.hollowtop.com/sandals.htm>.
"Five Fingers." Vibram FiveFingers : Barefoot Sports Shoes : Toe Shoes & Minimalist Shoes. Vibram.
Web. 04 Feb. 2011. <http://www.vibramfivefingers.com/index.htm>.
"Get Comfortable. Get the Original." Muck Boots / Muck Shoes: Waterproof Garden, Fishing, Hunting,
Kids Size Available. 20 May 2005. Web. 07 Feb. 2011. <http://www.muckbootsandshoes.com>.

16. " The First Mile." The First Mile. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2011. <http://atdaybreak.wordpress.com/>.
Jill. "Homemade Cloth Shoes." Homemade by Jill. 3 Dec. 2007. Web. 04 Feb. 2011.
<http://homemadebyjill.blogspot.com/2007/12/homemade-cloth-baby-shoes.html>.
Ju, Anne. "Cornell Chronicle: Students start nonprofit to fight poverty." Cornell Chronicle Online. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2011. <http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/Sept10/SigDonations.html>.
King, Tom. "How to Make Homemade Leather Sandals | EHow.com." EHow | How To Do Just About
Everything! | How To Videos & Articles. Web. 04 Feb. 2011.
<http://www.ehow.com/how_5147643_make-homemade-leather-sandals.html>.
Pressure, water in any of the following applications: forceful water. "Waterproof Ratings." The
Waterproof Store: waterproof cases, bags, and backpacks. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Feb. 2011.
<http://www.thewaterproofstore.com/wara.html>.
"Promotional Rain Poncho,Corporate Advertising Rain Poncho Wholesale China." Wholesale China-
Logo Imprinted Promotional Gifts Wholesale. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Feb. 2011. <http://www.sz-
wholesale.com/Search-Result/Rain-Poncho/>.
"Review: Water/Aqua Shoes." Barefootrunner.com. Skora, 31 Aug. 2007. Web. 7 Feb. 2011.
<http://www.barefootrunner.com/2009/03/review-wateraqua-shoes/>.
Richard, Michael Graham, Ottawa, and Canada. "Within 5 Years, Tires Could be Made From Sugar
Cane, Corn, or Switchgrass Instead of Oil : TreeHugger." TreeHugger. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Feb.

17. 2011. <http://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/03/car-tires-made-from-corn-sugar-cane-
switchgrass-bioisoprene.php>.
"Soles4Souls | A Shoe Charity Recycling Shoes For People In Need." Soles4Souls | A Shoe Charity
Recycling Shoes For People In Need. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2011.
<http://www.soles4souls.org/about/green.html>.
"TOMS Shoes." Official Store - TOMS Shoes - One for One - A Pair of New Shoes Is Given to a Child
in Need With Every Pair Purchased | TOMS.com. Web. 07 Feb. 2011.
<http://www.toms.com/?keyword=tomsshoes&network=g&matchtype=e&mobile=&content=&s
earch=1&gclid=CKmB-9GW9qYCFQNrKgodVhXFCw>.
"Tribal and Linguistic Map of Zambia." Zambia. 2000. Web. 14 Feb. 2011.
<http://shikanda.net/ethnicity/illustrations_manch/ETHNIC_ZAMBIA_EDITED.gif.gif>.
"Water Shoes." Shoes Reviews: See Useful Reviews of Every Brands of Shoes. Also Best Price and Best
Place to Buy Discount Shoes Online. 9 Dec. 2010. Web. 07 Feb. 2011.
<http://www.shoesreviewss.com/2010/12/09/water-shoes/>.
"Water Shoes - Womens." Asia .ru - поставки из Китая опт, китайские товары, производители в
Китае, Японии, Корее, КНР и др. странах Азии. 2006. Web. 07 Feb. 2011.
<http://www.asia.ru/en/ProductInfo/741093.html>.
"World Vision - World Vision and TOMS Shoes partner to provide new shoes to children in poverty
around the globe." Sponsor a Child < Home | World Vision - Child Sponsorship. N.p., n.d. Web.
7 Feb. 2011. <http://www.worldvision.org/content.nsf/about/20101020-2010-TOMS-Shoes-
World-Vision-Partnership>.

18. "Zambia Poverty and Wealth, Information about Poverty and Wealth in Zambia." Encyclopedia of the
Nations - Information about Countries of the World, United Nations, and World Leaders. Web.
14 Feb. 2011. <http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Africa/Zambia-POVERTY-
AND-WEALTH.html#ixzz1DTr10Vcu>.