The document provides a timeline and overview of the reign of Queen Isabel I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon from 1469-1516. It discusses their dynastic union through marriage in 1469, which united Castile and Aragon. It then covers their territorial expansion through conquests and marriages, building of an authoritarian monarchy through centralizing power and imposing religious uniformity, and changes to the economic and social organization of their kingdoms. Key events included the conquest of Granada in 1492, the expulsion of Jews, discovery of America that same year, and establishment of the Spanish Inquisition.

1. Authoritarian
Monarchy
Catholic Kings

2. Fernando de
Aragón
(1452-1516)
Isabel de Castilla
(1451-1504)
Trastámara
Dynasty
1469

3. •1451: Birth of Queen Isabel
•1452: Birth of King Fernando.
•1468: Death of prince Alfonso . Concorde of “los Toros de Guisando" (named
heiress Isabel of Castile) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fbn_n23Zv54
•1469: Secret wedding of Isabel and Fernando. Enrique IV proclaimed to the
princess Juana heiress to the throne of Castile .
•1474: Death of Enrique IV. Self-proclamation of Isabel as Queen of
Castile. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qrn_crESQKo
•1475: Concord of Segovia.
•1475-1479: War of the Castilian Succession. (between Elizabeth and Joanna)
•1479: End of the war with the “treaty of Alcaçovas”. Ferdinand inherited
Aragon.
1470: Birth of the princess Isabel.
1476-1498: Conquest of the Canary Islands.
Timeline

4. 1478: Court of the Inquisition. Birth of Prince Juan
1479: Birth of Princess Juana, mother of Charles I.
1482: Birth of the princess Maria.
1486: Sentence of Guadalupe (serfs).
1485: Birth of Princess Catherine.
1492 ● Capitulations of Santa Fe. ● Discovery of America. ● Expulsion of
Jews. ● Conquest of Granada.
1499 Cardinal Cisneros forced baptism for Muslims.
1493: Treaty of Barcelona, Aragon gets Roussillon and Cerdanya
1494: Consulate of Burgos. Wool trade between Castile-Flanders.
1497: Conquest of Melilla.. Death of prince Juan .
1498: Death of the Princess Elizabeth.
1502:Ultimatum for the Mudejar of Castile and Aragon.
1504: Death of Isabel .. Conquest of Naples.
1516: Death of King Fernando.

5. Outline of the Unit
1. DYNASTIC UNION
2. TERRITORIAL EXPANSION
3. FOREIGN POLICY
4. BUILDING THE AUTHORITARIAN MONARCHY
5. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

6. 1. 1475 Concord Segovia: it is agreed the joint administration.
2. But each kingdom kept : Currency , Institutions, Borders ,
Tax System and Laws.
3. No fixed capital, it was where the kings and the court moved.
4. It was created a royal army in the name of the two kingdoms.
DYNASTIC UNION
CROWN OF
CASTILE
CROWN OF
ARAGON

7. Outline of the Unit
1. DYNASTIC UNION
2. TERRITORIAL EXPANSION
3. FOREIGN POLICY
4. BUILDING THE AUTHORITARIAN MONARCHY
5. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

8. Navarra allied with
France after being annexed
to the Crown (1515).
Navarra also kept their
laws and institutions.
With Portugal, the catholic Kings carried out a policy of
marriage links : Two of his daughters (Firs t Isabel and
after her death Maria) married to the king of Portugal,
and many years later, thanks to this marriage policy ,the
kingdom of Portugal annexed to the crown.
Conquest of Granada (1482-1492) thanks
to: Internal disagreements of Muslim
leaders and military dominance of the
Catholic Kings. Boabdil, the last
Moorish king, handed the keys
Granada.

9. Outline of the Unit
1. DYNASTIC UNION
2. TERRITORIAL EXPANSION
3. FOREIGN POLICY
4. BUILDING THE AUTHORITARIAN MONARCHY
5. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
6. HUMANISM AND SPANISH RENAISSANCE

10. The Crown of Aragon continued with its Expansion policy into Mediterranean:
1493 Treaty of Barcelona gets Roussillon and Cerdanya.
1504 Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba conquered Naples, to restrain the French
expansion.
MelillaOrán Argel Bugía
They conquered Melilla (1497), Oran , Argel and Bugía (1510) to stop the expansions
of Berber villages.

11. The Crown of Castile :
1. Expanded into the Atlantic
ocean .
2. Conquered the Canary
Islands (1478-1496)
3. Isabel offered support to the
project of Christopher
Columbus to reach the
Indies, which allowed the
discovery of the Americasin
1492.

13. Outline of the Unit
1. DYNASTIC UNION
2. TERRITORIAL EXPANSION
3. FOREIGN POLICY
4. BUILDING THE AUTHORITARIAN MONARCHY
5. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

14. The Catholic kings wanted to impose their authority:
In all social groups (nobility, clergy, common people...) In all
territories.
It was established the figure of the viceroy (a representative
of the kings)
... they get different results in each kingdom:
In Castile
First, when Isabel ascended the
throne, there was a big mess:
Bandits in the fields, Struggles to
control the cities, Power struggles
between the nobility. To combat
it, and to strengthen the royal
power, New institutions were
created...
In Aragon
Medieval institutions and
privileged classes kept, but like in
Castile, their power was reduced .
Thanks to the “Sentencia Arbitral
de Guadalupe” the problems of the
peasants and serfs (remences) with
the feudal lords were arranged..
It was practiced:
The balloting for the election of
officers.
The pacts (agreements).
“Santa Hermandad.”
Professional army
” Consejos”
Royal hearingRoyal accountancy
Chief magistrate

15. Religious uniformity:
1478 Creation of the Court of the Inquisition. The Moorish,
converted and heretics were persecuted.
1492 Expulsion of the Jews.
1499 Cardinal Cisneros forced baptism for Muslims.
1502 Ultimatum for the “Mudéjares” of Castile and Aragon to
convert to Christianity.

16. Moorish
Mudéjar
(in Christian
lands)
Muslim
Old Christian
Mozárabe
(in Muslim
lands)
Christianity
Converted
(New
Christians)
Sephardic
Jewish
(in Christian
lands)
Jewish
Converted to
Christianity
Lives under
another
religion, not
converted to it
.
Religion

17. Outline of the Unit
1. DYNASTIC UNION
2. TERRITORIAL EXPANSION
3. FOREIGN POLICY
4. BUILDING THE AUTHORITARIAN MONARCHY
5. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

18. In Castile:
- The monarchy charged a lot of
money on the wool trade, but in
general, offered support for
livestock and wool trade.
- Since 1492, Castile received
gold and silver from America,
making Castile more powerful.
- 1494: Consulate of Burgos was
created. Consequences:
- Less land for agriculture, which
had to be imported.
- The wool were exported and the
textiles were imported, so, it could
not be developed the textile
industry.

19. In Aragon:
- A strong crisis decimated the
population.
- The nobility took advantage of
peasants so that they paid many
taxes. In 1486, by arbitration
sentence of Guadalupe, these
“misuses“ were abolished and
farmers were enabled to own land,
but in Valencia and Aragon nobility
still practiced misuses.
- Imposition of tariffs on wool
imported textiles to protect the
internal trade.
- Valencia becomes the most
important commercial city.

20. PRIVILEGED
UNPRIVILEGED

21. In Castile:
-The monarchy nullified
the political power of
the nobility, but left
intact the social and
economic powers.
-Laws of Toro 1505:
primogeniture.
In Aragon:
- Nobility abuses and
misuses against lower
classes were stopped.
- Growth of the urban
bourgeoisie (middle-
class) thanks to the
tariffs which protected
the local industry.