1. Interactive teaching methods are becoming increasingly important as traditional teaching alone is no longer sufficient to meet the challenges of the 21st century. Group work is an important pedagogical tool that has benefits for student learning and development. 2. When forming groups, teachers should consider students' psychological development and the importance of peer influence. Groups need to be carefully structured to create an optimal learning climate and foster cooperation. 3. Research shows that active, participatory learning methods like group work lead to greater retention of knowledge compared to traditional lecture-based teaching. Interactive teaching develops students' communication, problem-solving, and social skills.

1. Pana Ilepah, nenaror-ncaxonor
rMMHa3Mja ,,<PMJIMrr BMIIIIhMh"
EMjeJhMHa
UDK: 371.311.4
IIperJIe~HM qJIaHaK
IIpMMJheH: 8. II 2005.
BIBLID: 0553-4569,51 (2005), 1-2, P 86-109
IIHTEPAKTIIBHA HACTABA Y llPAKCII
Pe3UMe
Yycnoeuua tcoju iiociiioje onuineano je ga je iupaouuuonanna uaciiiaea oii-
iiipehena jeanocujepuosc iieaaiouucou tcouynutcauujou. Pasco] nuunociiiu He o6e-
36jebyje ciiocotiue ga ce noce ca U3a30aUMa uueunuusauuje XXI eujexa, iiie ce UH-
iiiepatciiiueno y-tetee uauehe tcao uuiiepaiiiue.
Ayiiiop ce iipeo 6aau Y'iel-beM tcao C01(uja1lHuM iipouecou U iianasehu og
iicuxonoiuje yspaciiia y-ienutca, pag y ipyuu euou tcao iiocetiau iieoaioiuxu U3a30a.
Ilopea fiCUXOIlOUlKUX diasa Kp03 «oje iiponasu ipyiui, y pagy ce gajy U
yiiyiiiciiiea 0 yKlby'iUaal-by yuenutca, uniliepatcuuju, a cae c uunseu iiociiiusatea
MaKCUMallHe tcoxesuonociiiu 'ipyfie y OgHOCY ua gaiiiu saoaiua«.
Y otceupy iiipu paouonuue ayiiiop HygU tcotucpeiiiue ueiuooe U iiiexnuxe, tea-
KO ea tcouciiiuiiiyucatee ipytie, iiiaxo U ea peanusauujy pasnuuuiiiux uooena na-
ciiiaee uniiiepaxuujou y tconiiietcciiiy ooux iipuciuyiia.
Klby'iHe pujeuu: uniiiepaxuuja, 'ipyfia, uuiiiepatciiiueno ynetee, tconciiiuiiiyu-
cal-be 'ipyfia, paououuue, HUOOU cnoucenociiiu, iipotineucxa naciiiaea, eieeuunapna
naciiiaea, yutienu«, iioepaiiiua undiopuauuja
YBO~
y yCJIOBMMa xana Mo~epHM MeAMjM MHaqMH)KMBOTa nocrasrsajy HOBeIJ;MBM-
JIM3aIJ;MjcKe M3a30Be, nocraje OqMrJIeAHO na TpaAMIJ;MOHaJIHa HaCTaBa He YTMqe na
pasnoj JIMqHOCTM TaKO na je ocnocoon na ce HOCM ca M3a30BMMa IJ;MBMJIM3aIJ;Mje XXI
sajexa.
MOAepHa IJ;MBMJIM3aIJ;Mja CBe name M y CBe BeheM 6pojy nporpecaja Tpa)KM
"MHTepHaIJ;MOHaJIHe" KBaJIMTeTe xoajexa: rrosaaaaa,e cajercxax jesaxa, erpnxacao
xopaurrerse MeAMja, erpnxacay KOMyHMKaIJ;Mjy, 6P30 aanascea.e narpopxcanaja,
IhMXOBy oopany, ynorpeoy M CKJIaAMWTeIhe, JIMqHOCT cnocooay na AeMoKpaTcKM
6paHM M ycarJIaWaBa CTaBOBe, KOMyHMKaIJ;Mjy, capaAIhy, TOJIepaHIJ;Mjy. .IJ:aKJIe, M
xao "rrpOTMBHMIJ;M" MJIM KOHKypeHTM JhYAM sropajy capahasara,
IIIKoJIa ce jour yanjex 6aBM "KoH3epBMpaIheM" ~IMIheHMIJ;a y rnanaxra y-rena-
xa snure Hero paaaajarseu HaBeAeHMX csojcraaa.
Behaaa HaCTaBHMKa, y TOKy caor WKOJIOBaIha npomna je 06yKy aa "rrpeHO-
uren.e" saaa.a yqeHMIJ;MMa. HaCTaBHMK je jenaocrasao rpefiarro Aa 6YAe 60JhM 0A
86

2. Palla Ilepllh: YlHTEPAKTYlBHA HACTABA Y IlPAKCYI
yuoeaaxa. MaJIo ce nocsehaaano apeueaa ynyhaaaa.y yseaaxa KaKO he HayqHTH,
KaKO he KOpHCTHTH uayneno H KOMyHHIHpaTH - 'ra cy mrran.a H3MHIaJIa.
lIHTepaKTHBHo yqelbe
JeAaH OA OCHOBHHX rrpaBaIa npossjena y canaunsoj HaCTaBH je 06YKa na-
CTaBHHKa aa npavjeay HOBHX, HHTepaKTHBHHX MeTOAa yxea,a.
I1HTepaKTHBHo y-rerse: "PaAH ce 0 ysersy xao cOIHjaJIHOM npouecy, 0 yqe-
a.y xao HHTepaKIHjH H3Mel)y y-reaaxa H HaCTaBHHKa, ysenaxa Mel)yc06Ho, y-rena-
Ka H pOAHTeJha, .. ,
OCHoBHa capxa HHTepaKTHBHHX MeTOAa jecre npenomea.e axnaje ca aa-
CTaBHHKa na yxeaaxa, 06yKa ysemrxa na 3ajeAHHqKH yse, na 3ajeAHHqKH pane aa
IHJheBHMa yxen,a, na 06paAH canpscaja, npassjena naysenor H apenaosaisy npone-
ca.")
ITpHMjeHa MeTOAe HHTepaKTHBHor yxea.a pe3YJITHpa rrOBOJhHOM eMOIHO-
HaJIHOM KJIHMOM y paspeny, BHIIIHM HHBOOM MOTHBaIHje, paaaajeaosr capamsov
Mel)y y~leHHIHMaH rrpey3HMalbeM onroaopaocrn OA crpane ysenaxa.
YqeHHIH ce yxe ycarnamaaan.y CTaBOBa, sajenaasxoj aKIHjH, TOJIepaHIHjH
H MOAepHoj KOMyHHKaIHjH, casra xopacre Mep;Hje, assope saarsa, yr,r6eHHKe ...
Yxe KOpHCTHTH caary apryaeaara, a He apryaear caare.
HapaBHO, He MO)KeMO ocnopara TpaAHIHOHaJIHY nacrasy, aJIH je 6HTHO
CXBaTHTH lbeHe OrpaHHqeHe AOMeTe H npenouaaaaajy eppOHTaJIHOr 06JIHKa paAa.
AJIH, xao H y cnaxoj npyroj 06JIaCTH, TaKO H y HaCTaBH MopaMO rrparnra na-
YKY, HayqHy TeXHOJIOrHjy H CBe OHO IIITO npara naaaum.e npajeue.
3aMHCJIHMO AOKTopa KOjH 6H OCTao na caaaarsmia OA npaje 20, 30 H name
rOAHHa. I1JIH, Y3MHMO npavjep ayroenexrpaxapa H lbHXOB naaannsa npacryn rro-
CJIy y OAHOCy na npaje 10,20 H same rOAHHa.
I1HTepaKTHBHa HaCTaBa, xao H CBe OCTaJIO, nopen CBHX npenaocrn HMa CBO-
je HeAOCTaTKe, xoje HaCTaBHHK Mopa H36jehH: CJIa6HjH yqeHHIH nocrajy 3aBHCHH
OA jaxax, HeKH y~leHHIH csraa.yjy nepconanay onroaopnocr, a HeKH He yrraacy ane-
KBaTaH Harrop.
OBH H CJIH~lHH rrp06JIeMH npeaasanase ce rrpaBHJIHHM Bol)elbeM rpyrmor pa-
rta, ca HarrOMeHOM na CBe nasenene npofinene HMaMO H y TpaAHIHOHaJIHoj HaCTa-
BH.
Hcrpascaaaa,e xoje je CrrpOBeJIO npHTaHCKO APYlliTBO sa ayp;HO-BH3yeJIHa
acrpaacnaau,a je rrOKa3aJIO na xosjex nasrra:
o 10% OHO IIITO qHTa,
020% onor IIITO qyje,
o 30 onor IIITO BHAH,
o 50% OHO IIITO BHAH H xyje,
080% OHO IIITO xaxce H
o 90% onor IIITO jenaonpeueno xaxe H pana (Bophesah 1998).
I Ilp Henan Cysuh, HmuepaKiilu6HO ynetee, Ban.a Jlyxa 1999, CTp. 6.
87

3. I1EAArOlliKA CTBAPHOCT, LT, 1-2 (2005), HOBl! Call
Ha aaseneaor ce Blf;qlf: Bep6aJIHe If penponyxrnnae HaCTaBe cy aa aajna-
:>KeM HlfBOY ecpaxacaocra. To anaxa na caxro aKTlfBHlfM panon yseaaxa o6e36je-
l)yjeMo erpaxacao yxen,e.
Tpynna 06JIHIJ,H pana
Ilonaseha on rrcaxonornje yspacra yxeaaxa, snajyha KOJIlfKO cy lfM Ba:>KHlf
CTaBOBlfBpIIIH>aKa, xao If noxaansatse npen H>lfMa, pan y rpyrra HaM ce aaxrehe xao
nocetiaa nenarourxa lf3a30B. 3a yseaaxe he HaCTaBHlf canpscaj If pan na H>lfMa no-
crara MHoro saaxajnaja axo je TO snaxajao If sa H>lfXOBe BpIIIH>aKe.
KaKO cjJopMlfpaTlf rpyrre yseanxa y onjersersy? KaKO CTBOPlfTlf orrrmranae
pamre npernocrasxe, OrrTlfMaJIHYcapamsy If eMOD;lfOHaJIHY KJIlfMy?
To cy rnrraisa na xoja HaCTaBHlfK Mapa nara onrosop na 6lf OCTBaplfO orrra-
MaJIHe rrpeTrrOCTaBKe aa nnrepax'ranao ysen.e y IIIKOJIlf. TyKMaH If UeHCOH HaJIa3e
ner rpaaa Kp03 xoje rrporrasa CBaKarpyrra:
1. (J)opMupalbe: anrepaxnaje cy rrOBpIIIHe, qJIaHOBlf ce Mel)yco6HO ynosaajy,
Tpa:>KehII CJIlfqHOCTlfna ce rrpII6JIII:>Ke.
2. I'pscsanana: ycarnanrasan,e. <Pa3a KOHcjJJIHKTa. IIojegIIHD;II aacroje noxa-
sara CBOjy lfHglfBlfgyaJIHOCT, yqBPCTIITH CBOj craryc y rpyna If YTIID;aTII na
rpyrrHe ogJIyKe.
• YqeHIID;II Mopajy nayxara na caoje MIIIIIJbeH>e nanecy jacao If ga naacrsaao
CaCJIyIIIajy OCTaJIe.
3. Hopsmparser xan paspajenre KOHcjJJIIIKTe II pasaajajy CMIIcao aa IICTIIHY,
OHII cy 3peJIII ua D;IIjeHe npyror. Carta cxsarajy rpyrrHe nnn.eae.
4. Ocrnapanarset BlfCOKa je rrponyxranaocr, qJIaHOBlf ce rpoxycapajy na CBO-
je rpyrme ;qy:>KHOCTlf.
5. 3aBprnaBalbe: saxn.ynaaan,e a xoxmnerapaa-y rpyrmax aanaraxa, a go-
6lfTlf yqeHlfKa rrplf pagy na axaneacxosr rrocrarnyhy If sajenna-rxoxr yse-
n.y.
".D:a 6lf ageKBaTHO cjJopMlfpao rpyrre, HaCTaBHlfK Tpe6a lfMaTlf y sany crse-
nehe npernocraaxe:
1. Koacraryacarn rpyrry
2. AHaJIII3lfpaTlf omroce rpyrre If nan-a paga - MO:>Ke If y rpyrrlf;
3. PlfjeIIIIITlf naraa.e aobcrna (opraaasaauaja rpyrre)
4. Ocrsapara nanaxraxrce npernocrasxe sa pan y rpyna
5. Ilpanpeuarn If npararn aarepaxuaje y rpynaxra
6. BaJIOplf30BaTlf sajenao ca yqeHlfD;lfMa, aKTlfBHOCTy rpyrrlf If nocrnryha.??
2 Ap Henan CY3I1h, Hall. IWJlO, CTp. 12;
88

4. Palla Ilcpah: I1HTEPAKTI1BHA HACTABA Y TIPAKCI1
OCHOBHU KpuTepujyMU:
1. Xereporeue:
pasnaxa y nperxonmoa nocrarnyhaua
yjenaa-renocr Me!;Jy rpynaua (y 3aBliCHOCTli 0):1 06JIliKa pana)
2. Xosrorene:
UIKOJICKa TaKMWleIha lIJIli
3a):a~1I paarraxarax nnaoa CJIO)KeHOCTli
xoenyxanaja rro HliBOliMa (aajrexa ):IlIO rpanaaa pana 1. rpyrra,
3aTliM ona nonpynaaajy 2. rpyrry, nony-rasajy lIX na casnanajy
lICTO rpanano 1Iporamrja ane penosr.)
3. Ad-hoc - 6P30 epopMlIpaIhe, na ce He ry61I spajene na yjenaa-rasaa.y, aKO
naje aaaxajao sa nan.a pan 1Iycrrnjex ysenaxa.
• Ee3 0631Ipa na Ha'iliH rpopsrapan.a rpyrre, ~lIJh je nocraha MaKCliMaJIHY
Koxe31I0HOCT (capanrsy) y O):lHOCy na narn sanarax.
IIHTepaKIJ,Hja y rpynu
"IIO):l rrojMoM nenaronrxe KOMYHlIKa~lIjenonpaaysorjeaa ce rrpeaonreise, ca-
orrurraaan.e, 1I3JIaraIhe, rrplIMaIhe, je):lHOM pnje-rjy paaajene nopyxa xao 1I ycrro-
craan.an,e onnoca, cnopaaysrajeaaa,e, cpencrna 1I HalJlIH onxohen.a Me!;Jy y-rena-
~lIMa y nponecy yxea,a 1Inoysaaan.a.:"
HaUIa Tpa):llI~lIOHaJIHaHaCTaBa je 61IJIa npeonrepeheaa jenaocvjepaoa KO-
MYHlIKa~lIjoM y KOjOjje HaCTaBHlIK npeaocao rpanaso, a Y'leHlIK noaanrsao.
,JJ:BocMjepHa lIJIli rrOJIliBaJIeHTHa nenaronrxa KOMYHlIKa~lIja Tpa)KlI HOBe
ynore HaCTaBUlIKa, HOBe nporpecaoaanae xoxmereauaje, re HOBe xrerone y xojava
he YlJeHlI~lI 61ITli aKTlIBHlI Y'IeCHlI~lI HaCTaBe neh y TOKy otipane rpanana, rnje he
YlJlITlIlIHTepaKTlIBHo 1Ixooneparasao.?'
Hnrepaxrraja y rpyrrlI je npenycnos aa paaaajan.e lIHTeprrepCOHaJIHlIX KBa-
narera JIlI'lHOCTli. 3a erpaxacny arrrepaxuajy Hy)KHO je:
ocnocooarn lIX aa ):IeMOKpaTlIjy
caaxa Y'leHlIK na 6y):lenoha 1IBo!;JeH
1I36jeraBaTli nyrorpajno aanpacasaa.e ynore sohe jenaor YlJeHlIKa
npartrra conajanae anrepaxtmje
npararn norroacaj mrrpoaeprapaaax 1I yseaaxa KOjlI lIMajy npo-
6JIeMey couajanaoj KOMYHlIKa~lIjlI
HaYlJlITli ynenaxe caMOKplITlI~lI1IKPlITlI~lI
rrOXBaJIe 1Inoncrauarsa sa HeCTa61IJIHe ana rrcaxorpayaarasoaaae
cyatinjarn nesnpany xoaxypemtajy,
3 Flporh, lIPHenan Cy3Hh, .J'Icnaromxa KOMyHHKaIIHja: HOBH nojaxry nenarorujn'', Ileaaiotuxa
ciiutapnociii, HOBH Call 2003.
4l1cTo.
89

5. rranxroutxx CTBAPHOcr, LI, 1-2(2005),HOBH Can
One rpyne Mory 6HTH nonpesreae H TpajHe (CY3Hh, "I1HTepaKTHBHa HaCTa-
na", CTp. 21).
• Haaenena ¢opMHpaIha H xapaxrepacruxe rpyne omroce ce caxro na rpyne
xoje ce rpopssapajy y CBpXy peaJIH30BaIha lIlKOJICKOr HaCTaBHor nnaaa H
nporpaxra.
IIHTep3KTHBH3 H3CT3B3 P33J1H'IHTHX HHB03 CJlO)J{eHOCTH -IIH PHC
IlOjoMOOIIO oapeheu,« U iieqaiouuco-iicuxonouuce ocnoee uaciiiaee PHC
aBO je jenan O~ Hajn03HaTHjHx 06JIHKa HH~HBH~yaJIH3aQHje HaCTaBe.
"HaCTaBa pa3JIHqHTHX HHBoa CJIO)J(eHOCTH je TeopHjcKH 3aCHOBaH, CHCTe-
MaTCKH opraHH30BaH, cHMyJITaH, ~H¢cpeHQHpaHH BacnHTHo-o6pa30BHH pa~ na-
CTaBHHKa H ysenaxa pa3JIHqHTHX HHBoa H crpyxrypa saan,a, HHTeJIeKTyaJIHOr pa-
snoja, cnoco6HOCTH yxea,a, pa~HHX HaBHKa, rexma pana, MOTHBaQHje aa yxerse H
~pyre rpaxrope. PeJICBaHTHH sa OnTHMaJIHy yayrpaunsy ~H¢epeHQHjaQHjy¢POH-
TaJIHe HaCTaBe."S
IIe~arOlIlKo-nCHXOJIOlIlKe OCHOBe onor MO~eJIa HaCTaBHorpana cy:
1. Y nnaaaparsy, npanpexrarsy H opraHH30BaIhY HaCTaBe HeonXO~HO je
YBa)J(aBaTH pa3JIHKeH3Meljy yqeHHKa (HHBOH H crpyxrype snaa.a, HHTe-
JIHreHQHja, MOTHBaQHja, pasaajeaocr HaBHKa H TCXHHKa ynen,a, crnapa-
JIa'IKHM cnocooaocraaa).
2. a6e36Hje~HTH HH~HBH~yaJIH3aQHjy y-ren.a (He caMO y O~HOCY na rrpen-
anarse H TeMno pana Hero H C063HpOMaa cnoco6HOCTHysenaxa),
3. Canpzcaj Bjc)J(6Hna pa3JIHqHTHM HHBOHMa TC)J(HHe H yrryrcrasa HaCTaB-
HHKa aa opraaasoaaa,e y-rersa, o6c36Hje~HTH ocraapasaa,e QHJbCBa H
sanaraxa HaCTaBC.
4. IIoBpaTHa aarpopsranaja 0 noaanrarsy H nanpenoaan-y y-renaxa y npo-
Qecy pana je 6HTaH eJIeMeHT H sa HaCTaBHHKa H aa yqCHHKa.
5. Hacrasa ce Mopa 3aCHHBaTH na pa3HOBpCHOCTH caryannje, pa3HOJIHKO-
CTH rroncrnuaja H npoueca.
6. Y HPC rpetia KOpHCTHTH ~BHje MoryhHocTH YTHQajana nponec yxen,a:
a) cTpyKTypOM sanaraxa nporpasorpara canpzcaj yxea,a H
6) canpacajesr Bje)J(6H nporpasraparn nponec yqCIha.
Hexe tJ.HtJ.3KTH'IKe cIIe~HlflH'IHOCTHH3CT3Be - PHC
HaCTaBa PHC canpaor crsenehe, peJIaTHBHO caMOCTaJIHe H Meljyco6Ho no-
Be3aHC erane:
H~eHTH¢HKaQHjaHHBoaH crpyxrypa arran-a
npanpexran,e Bje)J(6H
-I npO¢.11P MHJlC I1J1Hh, Haciiiaea pasnuuuuiux Hl160a cnosceuociiiu, Y'IHTCJbCKH ¢aKyJlTCT, Beorpan
1997, CTp. 17.
90

6. Palla Ilepah: I1HTEPAKTI1BHA HACTABA Y ITPAKCI1
asaohea,e HaCTaBe
apennoaarse HaCTaBHorpana
Y HaCTaBII PHC IIHTeH3lIBHlIje je HaCTaBHIIKOBO aaraacoaaa,e y npanpeua-
lhy HaCTaBe Hero y lheHOM1I3Bol)elhY.
"TOK -raca AlIcjJepeHU;lIpaHor Bje)l(6alha AIIHaMlIqHlIjlI je OA HaCTaBHor rrpo-
neca y yooaxajeaoj HaCTaBII. TaKBo Bje)l(6alhe MO)l(e nonexan no-rern II 6e3 ynon-
nor AlIjena -raca. HeKaA he, oner, 6lITlI Hy)l(Ha sajenaaxxa otipana KJhyqHIIX canp-
)l(aja npnje TeKCTOBa casrocranaor pana y-renaxa. "Y:ac ce MO)l(e 3aBpIIIlITlI caxce-
TIIM paarosopoxr 0 Bje)l(6alhy, npeeohea.eu aa HapeAHII IInlI nperxonna crenen
CnO)l(eHOCTII Bje)l(6alha aHanlI30M ner MIIHyTHor TeCTa, sa nanan,a AOMahlIX sana-
raxa II en." (AP M. Hnnh)
Opr-anaaoaan.exr HaCTaBe PHC MlIjelha ce nosauaja yxeaaxa y HaCTaBII. Te-
)l(ehlI na ce IIcTaKHy, rr060JhIIIajy cnaxy 0 ce61I, yqeHIIU;II, najseurhe najy MaKCII-
MyM OA ce6e. HapO~IlITO ce TpYAe cna6lIjlI yqeHIIU;II.
"HaCTaBHIIK je opraaasarop caaooopaaoaaor yqeHIIKOBor paAa, BOAIITeJh
HaCTaBHOr nponeca, aacmrras KOjlI ycajepasa II nonpacaaa ynenaxe, AlIjarHOCTII-
<raprrojeAIIHa~IHIIX II sajenaasxax nocrarnyha." (AP M. Hnah)
Ynouren,e anrepaxuaje y nacrany PHC
HaCTaBHII npouec, HaCTaBe PHC, ,,6lIno 61I perieaarrrno IIHOBlIpaTII yHoIIIe-
lheM y n.erony opajearamroay crpyxrypy IIHTepaKTIIBHIIX 06nlIKa ysersa, xao
IIITO cy:
TaHAeMCKO yqelhe...
rpyrrHo ysen,e ...
xoorreparasno y<Ielhe HaCTaBHIIK-yqeHIIK..." (AP M. Hnnh)
HHTepaKTIIBHa HaCTaBa pasmrsarax HIIBoa CnO)l(eHOCTII lIMa crsenehy OplI-
jearauaoay CTpyKTypy:
1. npnnpexnre aKTIIBHOCTII
2. aajenaa-nce ysonne HaCTaBHe aKTIIBHOCTII
3. IIHTepaKTIIBHII pan na AlIcjJepeHU;lIpaHIIM Bje)l(6aMa
4. xooneparnauo spemroaan,e onrosopa II pjeurersa
5. 3aBpIIIHe 3ajeAHII<rKe aKTIIBHOCTII
EfJ;YKaTHBHa pafJ;HOHH~a- IIH PHC
• Hacraana npensren ncaxonoraja, II paspen rIIMHa3lIje.
• Hacrasua jCAIIIIlIu;a: eMoU;lIje
• lI,UJh '1aca: noncrauan.e KorHIITIIBHor, pasaajaa,e acnexra aacnaraa,a
eMOU;IIOHanHOCTII, npenosaaaatse BnaCTIITIIX eMOU;IIOHanHIIX MohlI II rrn-
MIITa, passajan.e canjecra 0 ocjehajmra II norperiaua npyrnx
• Marepnjam y1,I6eHIIK, nacrahn, CaMOCTanHO npaxynn.ea xrarepnjan
91

7. ITEAAfOlliKA CTBAPHOCT, LI, 1-2 (200S), HOBII Call
1. KopaK: Ilpanpessue aKTHBIlOCTH
na OCHOBy IlIKOJICKHX OI~eHa, onpemrra HHBO CJIO)KeHOCTH sje-
)K6e sa csaxor y'IeHHKa (A-E-B): sj, A (nosnasaa,e OCHOBHHX
nporpaucxax canpscaja) panahe He):lOBOJhHH H ):IOBOJhHH yxeaana;
aj: E (paaysrajenaa,e H cxnaraa.e qHlheHH~a) panahe Y'IeHH~H):10-
6por H BpJIO ):I06po ycrrjexa H sj: B (ysen,e OTKpHheM, Y3 crsapa-
JIaqKY npasrjeay saan,a) pannhe Y"leHH~H O):lJIH"lHOr ycrrjexa H3
rrCHXOJIOrHje;
¢opMyJIHCalhe mrraa.a H sanaraxa aa CBaKH HHBO Bje)K6alha;
CXO):lHO npanannocra onpeheaoi« HHBOy Bje)K6alha ¢opMHpaHoM
y Y"IHOHH~H TpH pena xnyna rnje he cjemrra rraposa ysenaxa.
2. xopaic 3aje~JlHqKeYBo~Jle aacranae aKTHBJlOCTH:
- najaaa ~HJha H HaqHHa pa):la
- nonjena onroaapajyher rana Bje)K6H (A-E-B), a canpacaj je cn.eaehn:
I Bje)KOa (A)
IIPBH HHBO CJIO)KeHOCTH sanaraxa:
1. Koje 6HTHe MOMeHTe yxrsy-ryje rrojaxr esromrje?
2. Haaemrre OCHOBHe opraacxe nposrjeae rrpH jaan.arsy eMo~Hja.
3. Koje cy KapaKTepHCTHKe nje-mjax esronaja H aasenare penocnnjen ja-
nn.aa.a esrouaja KO):l njene,
4. Hasenare npavjep rrCHXOCOMaTCKHX ooon.ea,a H 06jacHHTe 3allITO aa-
crajy.
5. OBjacHHTe Ba)KHOCT eMO~HOHaJIHe aese MajKa-):IHjeTe.
Onronopa:
1. EMo~Hje y BeJIHKoj MepH yra-ry na Hallie noaanraa.e H na CBe IlITO ca-
aaajesro 0 CrrOJhlheM cnery.
Ilpencrann.ajy cy6jeKTHBHH ):IO)KHBJhaj CTBapH, JhY):lH, norabaja H
BJIaCTHTOr noaaman,a,
Y eMO~HOHaJIHOM pearosaa.y y-recrsyje ~eJIO Hallie TeJIO KaKOca
CBOjHM cnorsa BH):IJhHBHM peasnajava (noxper TeJIa, H3pa3 JIH~a,
...) TaKOH ca CBOjHM yayrpama.asr opraHCKHM rrpoveaaua.
Yxynaocr THX yayrpaunsax H CrrOJhHHX nposrena H CBeCHHX ):10-
)KHBJhajaHa3HBaMO eMo~HjaMa.
2. Tlposreae y KpBOTOKy (pan cpna) H pany opraaa aa nncaa,e (6poj OTKy-
uaja rrynca, KpBHHnparacax, pHTaM nacaa,a),
Hanperayrocr MHIlIHha, nyserse nrsyaasxe, KOJIHqHHa urehepa y
KpBH, BeJIHqHHa OQHe 3eHH~e, HT):I.
3. 3a pa3JIHKY 0):1 OCTaJIHX oco6a xoje xapaxrepanre KOHTpOJIa nan eMO-
~HOHaJIHHM peaxuajaxra, ):Ie~a MJIal)er Y3paCTa aajaehav ):IeJIOM H xpaj-
n.e orsopeao, crrOHTaHO H 6e3 KOHTpOJIe aspazcaaajy csoje eMo~Hje (Be-
OMaCHa)KHO, aJIH 6P30 jersasajy).
92

8. Pana ITepllh:MHTEPAKTMBHA HACTABA Y ITPAKCM
Y TOKy rrpsa nna-rpn srecena )KlfBOTanerera Moryhe je pa3JIlfKO-
sa'rn naa OCHOBHa eMOQlfOHaJIHa craisa: ocehaa.e lfJIlf exronajy
3a;n:OBOJbCTBa If ocehan.e He3a;n:OBOJbCTBa.
l'I3 OBlfX OCHOBHlfX xacnaje ce ;n:lfepepeHQlfpajyIf npyre esrouaje:
lf3Me9Y rpeher If rreror MeCeQa nannaja ce raes If rahea.e
OKO urecror MeCeQa ocehaj 3a;n:OBOJbCTBa If rrOHOCa C060M
OKO cemaor MeCeQa ocehan,e crpaxa If ocehan,e Jby6aBlf npexra
onpacnnxra
OKO rreraaecror MeCeQa Jby60MOpa.
Kon nexe neue OBe exrouaje ce xrory jaanra If panaje, ana ce
yrJIaBHOMsanpacaaa ncra penocrren,
4. 060JbeIha xoja cy asasaaaa rrClfXWIKlfM ysponaua xao llITO cy nyro-
rpajne If nenpajarne eMoQlfje (qeCTO 6plfre If crpaxona) naaasajy ce
rrClfXOCOMaTCKlfM 060JbeIhlfMa (ncaxa - ;n:YllIa, COMa - TeJIO), Hrrp. qlfP
na )KeJIy;n:QY.
5. Iloxerax crsapaa,a eMOQlfOHaJIHe aese Kp03 nnax If csrex nerera -
onpacnn caMlf nozcnan.aaajy ocehaj 3a;n:OBOJbCTBa Ka;n: anne na je nere
3a;n:OBOJbHO If cperao. Ocehaj 3a;n:OBOJbCTBa je ry 060cTpaH If aa raj na-
~mH ce y-rspurhyje eMOQlfOHaJIHa aesa.
Ilpyra HlfBO CJIO)KeHOCTlf sanaraxa:
1. Koje cy OCHOBHe pa3JIlfKe arpexara If pacnonoacen.a?
2. Hasenare npasrjep ysea,a exsonaja.
3. Onanrare na-ran na xoja njenyje ClfMrraTlfqKlf If rrapacasmarasxa nep-
saa ClfCTeM.
4. qlfMe ce onmrxyje eMOQlfOHaJIHOCT y anoaecneanaja.
5. Onannrre Ilesac-Jlaarepoay reopnjy eMoQlfja xao If xpara-rxe rrplfMje;n:-
6e ynyhene na pa~IYH re reopaje,
Onroaopa:
1. Arpexrn - narrro ce jaarsajy If lfMajy fiypan TOK sann.aae TeJIeCHe npo-
xrene, "CBe)KIhe CBeCTlf"- "KoMaH;n:yjy" qOBeKOBlfM nocryrmaua. Pacno-
JIO)KeIhe - MaIhe aareaaasaa craa,a on arpexara, ;n:y)Ke rpajy, ,,60je"
yxynao CBeCHO nenoaarse.
2. Ilcaxonor BOTCOH If Pajaeposa 1920. ronane y CBOjOj IIClfXOJIOllIKOj JIa-
fioparopnja nessoacrpapana KaKO ce yxe crpaxosn (npmrep KaKOje Ma-
JIlf AJI6epT nay-tao na ce 60jlf MlfllIa).
3. ClfMIIaTlfqKlf nepnan ClfCTeM Ilapacmmarasxa HepBHlf ClfCTeM
(cranynmne If yopaasa pan (cuapyje If ycnopana pan oprana)
opraaa) - cy)KaBa 3eHlfQe
- llIlfplf 3eHlfQe - noaehaaa JIyqeIhe rrJbYBa~IKe
- cMaIhyje JIyqeIhe rrJbYBaqKlf - ycrropaBa ;n:lfcaIhe
- ytipaana pa;n: cPQa - CTlfMYJIlfllIe npofiasy
- KOqlf IIp06aBy - cy)KaBa KpBHe cy;n:oBe
93

9. IlEJJ:ArOIliKA CTBAPHOCT, LI, 1-2 (200S), HOBl! Call
-uuapa KpBHe CYAOBe - cMalbyje ny-ren,e aApeHaJIHHa
- nosehaaa JIyqelbe aApeHaJIHHa
- BJIa)KH KO)Ky
4. - AAOJIecQeHT naeroja na KOHTpOJIHIlie janrsan,e esrouaja, noceono
OHHX xoje yrpoacasajy a.erosy npencrasy 0 ceria.
- IIpoMeHJhHB pHTaM eMOQHOHaJIHOr )KHBOTa.
- OAHOC npesra conCTBeHOM cOQHjaJIHOM crarycy je H3pa3HTO aM6HBa-
JIeHTaH: na H3rJIeA npaxaara craryc nerera y xojesr ra cpenaua jour
AP)KH, a CBOjIIM ocehaa.aaa nperennyje na craryc MJIaAHha IIJIII ne-
sojxe.
- Ocehan.a ce spre OKO npeacmrraaaa,a conCTBeHIIX nOTeHQIIjaJIa II
oc06HHa, passranrn.aa,a 0 cnorsarmsen II3rJIeAY, nOJIHoj aAeKBaTHO-
CTII, cTaTycy y llKOJIII, npaxaahenocrn, aenpnxaahenocra, HaKJIOHO-
CTH II HeHaKJIOHOCTH (HaKJIOHOCT - eMOQIIOHaJIHO pearosaa.e na IICTe
canpscaje).
- Ilorrryno pa3JIIIqIITe BpeAHocTII pahajy HCKJhyqIIBOCT, HeHaKJIOHOCT,
HenpIIjBaTeJhCTBo...
5. UeMc - Jlaareosa reopaja
onaacarse TeJIeCHa JJ:O)KHBJhaj
cIITyaQIIje peaxnaja essonaje
IIpHMeA6a:
TeJIeCHe npoveae He srory ysex 6IITII OApa3 eMOQIIOHaJIHOr cran.a.
III Bje)K6a (B)
Tpeha HIIBO CJIO)KeHOCTII sanaraxa:
1. KOjII je CMIIcao qm3IIOJIOllKIIX II APyrIIX TjeJIeCHIIX npovjena y eMOQII-
jaxra?
2. Koje cy TpII cPa3e pearonan.a na crpec?
3. 06jacHIITe ynory aMIIrAaJIe II MO)KAaHeMace y AO)KHBJhaBajy esrouaja.
4. 06pa3JIO)KHTe KorHHTHBHO cxaaraa.e eMoQHja H nOBe)KIITe ca pe3YJITa-
THMa Illaxreposor acrpazcasaa,a.
5. 06jacHHTe sanrro cy eMoQHje snasajae sa MeHTaJIHO snpann.e.
OArOBopH:
1. CBe TjeJIeCHe H cPH3HOJIOiliKe nponjeae HMajy 6HOJIOiliKH CMHcao, jep
npencraan.ajy npanpesry opranaaua sa sehe nanope H onfipaay OA
eBeHTyaJIHHX onaCHOCTH H 60p6y aa )KHBOT.
2. - IIpBa rpasa - anapxr (ynosopea,e)
CIIMnaTHqKH HepBHH CHCTeM H )KJIe3Ae ca yayrpaunsna JIyqelbeM no-
xpehy oA6paM6eHe cnare opraaassra KaKO 6H ce na npajeve cynporcra-
BHO onaCHOCTH OAcPH3wIKor HJIHnCHXHqKOr crpeca,
- Ilyra rpasa - OTllOP
94

10. Pana Ilepah: MHTEPAKTMBHA HACTABA Y IlPAKCM
AKO CTpeCOBH norpajy ~Y)Ke H THjeJIO ce aenpexanno onnpe - OH~a op-
raHH3aM nnaha ~HjeHY aa TO - HMa CBe Malhe caare H He MO)Ke na ce
onynpe nyrorpajams CTpeCOBHMa.
- Tpeha rpasa - HC~prrJheHOCT
IIOIlITO THjeJIO aa onpxcaaaa.e TPOIlIH BeJIHKy KOJIWIHHy errepraje, xojy
He MO)Ke 6P30 Ha~oKHa~HTH, OHO He MO)Ke na O~P)KH TaKOBHCOK HHBO
csoje aKTHBHOCTH aa ~Y)Ke npajeue, rra rrocreneno nonan.e na noxasyje
3HaKOBe CBe nehe HC~prrJheHOcTH.
3. Ilpexo xnnoranaxryca H aMHr~aJIe H~y HepBHH HMrryJICH H3 peuenropa H
yayrpaunsax opraaa xa KOpH M03ra, a H3 Kope M03ra rrOBpaTHO y yHy-
rpannse oprane, 'IHMe ce ocrsapyje KOHTpOJIa nan pa3JIWIHTHM <pH3HO-
JIOIlIKHM nponecaua.
- AMHr~aJIa - o~rOBopHa aa nojasy esrouaje crpaxa H arpecasaor rro-
nanraisa (npasrjep CMa'IKOM)
- Kopa M03ra - osroryhyje HCTHHCKy rrpo~eHY caryanaje
4. Tlocroja rnjecaa seaa H3MCl)y KOrHHTHBHOr (onaxcaa,e, nauhen,e, MH-
IlIJhClhC) H CMO~HOHaJIHOr pearonaa.a (nonamaa.a).
3Ha'IH, caBpeMcHa rrCHXOJIOIlIKa acrpascasarsa najy npennocr XHrrOTe3H
na esromrje HHCy casro cnajecr y TCJICCHHM npoxrenaxra.
I
TjCJICCHC npossjeae
I
KorHHTHBHH nponeca
(onascaa,e caryamrje
.rrponjena"
I ~O)KHBJhaj estonaje I I
I I
5. AKo je acnorsanaa,e eMo~Hja H3MCl)y ~BC HJIH nnnre oco6a CJI060~HO H
orsopeao, crrOHTaHO, OHO nonpnaocu onanan.y oprancxe H rrCHXH'IKe
HarrCTOCTH. Y'ICCHH~H y raxsoj HHTcpaK~HjHocehajy ce 6oJhe, rr03HTHB-
nnje MHCJIe, He casro jC~HH 0 ~pymMa, Hero H caMHMa CC6H. Iloja-raaajy
ce ocehan,a xao IlITO cy ocehan.e carypaocra, yaaacanaa.e npyrax H ca-
MorrOIlITOBalhC.
3. KopaK: IIIITepaKTHBllo Bje)K6aILe
IIapoBH y'ICHHKa sajenao Tpa)Ke onrosope y CBOjOj Bje)K6H onroaapajyher-
HHBoa CJIO)KCHOCTH (A-E-B) Y3 eBeHTyaJIHO Tpa)Kelhe nosroha on cTpaHc HaCTaB-
HHKa.
4. KopaK: Kooneparasuo npejmonan,e
a) rraposa ysenaxa caonnrraaajy csoje pe3yJITaTC y onroaapajyhoj rpyna
HHBoa.
6) rpyrnro Bjc)K6alhe sanaraxa xoje naposa HHCy ycnjenmo pHjeIlIHJIH.
B) H360p asajecraoua peayrrrara pa~H rpyrra HHBoa.
r) ycarnamasatse ca onroaopaua HaCTaBHHKa.
95

11. TIEAArOllIKA CTBAPHOCT, LI, 1-2 (200S), HOIlM Can
5. xopaic 3aBpmHe sajenmrsxe aKTHBIlOCTH
g) npesearanaja pesynrara rrpen onjersea.esr,
ry) OCBpT na TOKBje)K6aIba.
e) onpebaaaa,e HHBoa napenaor Bje)K6aIba aa cnaxor yqeHHKa (H TaHgeMa).
HHTepaKTHBHO Y'lelbe y npotinejacxo] HaCTaBH
MHTepaKTHBHOyqeIbe je jenaa on 06JIHKa CTHQaIba snaa,a H pasnajan,a crro-
C06HOCTH y npofinesrcxoj HaCTaBH.
IICHXOJIOIliKO onpeheno pjeuraaaa,e npofinena nouohy MHIlIJbeIba, ysen.a H
crsapananrraa 6HTHa cy aa carrrenasan.e cyurraae rrp06JIeMCKe HaCTaBe H HHTe-
paKTHBHor ynetsa.
"IIopeg rrCHXOJIOIlIKHX nocroje H nenarounco-nanaxra-rxa TepMHHOJIOIliKa H
rrojsronna onpehen,a. Y rrenaromxoj JIHTepaTypH KOpHCTH ce nojasr ,rrp06JIeMCKa
aacrasa' xao cneuarpaxan HaCTaBHH CHCTeM HJIH HaCTaBHH MeTog. Y nojaosnau
ogperyeIbHMa rrp06JIeMCKe HaCTaBe yxasyje ce na rrOBe3aHOCT yxea,a nyrexr pjeura-
natsa nporinena ca pasnajaa.esr MHIlIJbeIba H ycsajaa.en 3HaIba.,,6
IIpo6JIeMcKa HaCTaBa HJIH pjemanan.e npooneua je:
x) HajBHIlIH 06JIHQH ysea,a, MHIlIJbeIba H CTBapaJIaIliTBa.
H) Ilocrojaa.e renrxohe (npornapje-mocra H3Meryy rrosaaror H nerrosna-
TOr) xoja ce pjemana.
j) Csjecaa, caMOCTaJIHa H ycnjepeaa aKTHBHOCT na yBHryaIby onnoca H3Meryy
naror H sanaror.
K) CTHQaIbeM arran-a, crnapaa.exr HOBHX reaepanasanaja, rrpHMjeHJbHBHX y
HOBHM ctrryanajaaa.
aBO cy 6HTHe onpenanne KOg carnenanarsa MoryhHocTH H nosrera HHTepaK-
THBHor y-ren,a.
Ilenaromxc OCHOBe npefinemcxe HaCTaBe
M3 seher 6poja pa3JIHqHTHX CXBaTaIba nenarourxax OCHOBa rrp06JIeMCKe na-
CTaBe asnaajajy ce MHora xoja yxasyjy aa MoryhHocTH HHTepaKTHBHor y-ren,a,
Ilp AHTe Byxacosah yxasyje na CBy CJIO)KeHOCT aKTHBHOCTH ysrenaxa y
peuraaaisy npofinexra H aarnanrasa norpeoy nocryrmor yaohen,a ysenaxa (on
HH)KHX xa BHIlIHM 06JIHQHMa caMOCTaJIHOCTH) y rrpoQecy peuraaaa.a npoonena.
JOBaH 'Bopheaah, xao H np P. Ksaursen, CMaTpa na ce pjeuraaaa.en rrpooneaa
Mory pa3BHjaTH H craapanasxe cnocooaocrn yseaaxa.
;UHgaKTHqKO-MeTogHqKe eJIeMeHTe np06JIeMCKe HaCTaBe paspahaaao je np
P. HWIKOBHh H rronynao cnenehe erane:
nocrasn.an,e npoonesra
aanaxcen,e npamnma peurea.a
nexossnonan,e npofinessa
6 Ilp Ilparo Bpauxonnh, "I1HTcpaKBMHoy'ICH,C y np06J1CMcKoj HCTaIlM", y: Htuiiepatciuueno yueue,
Ban.a Jlyxa 1999.
96

12. Palla Ilepnh: I1HTEPAKTI1BHA HACfABA Y flPAKCI1
nponec peuraaarsa npofinesra
KOHCTaTaU;Iije, HaJIa3Ii, aaxn-ysua
nposeparse saxn.yxaxa y HOBIiM caryanajaaa
Ilp HIiqKOBIih, raxobe, aera-te:
CBe HaCTaBHe jenanane HIiCY noronne aa "rrp06JIeMaTIi30Balhe"
rrp06JIeM rperia rrOCTaBIiTIi aa rrO'leTKY xaca
HOBli rrp06JIeM Tpe6a 6ap ,n:jeJIIiMIiqHO na ce aacaasa na IiCKyCTBy
yqeHIiU;Ii Tpe6a na orxpajy cyurrancxe aese Ii O,n:HOCe
BeOMa je anasajno npyscara MoryhHocT CBaKOM yxeaaxy na
Ii3JIO)I{Ii csoje xanorese Ii npennore aa pemasarse npotinesra.
MHTepaKTHBHO yqelbe H np06JIeMCKa HaCTaBa
IIpo6JIeMcKy HaCTaBy nopen lheHe yooasajeae crpyxrype Moryhe Ii3BO,n:IiTIi
Ii aa OCHOBHIiM npmntanaaa KOOrrepaTIiBHOr Ii IiHTepaKTIiBHOr ysen,a.
Pan na peurasaa.y npotineua y nponecy ysen,a MO)I{e 6liTIi canpacaacxa,
aJIIi Ii npouecyamm, noronaa nenarourxa arsiocrpepa sa ynoaaanaa,e xooneparan-
HIiX crrOC06HOCTIi y-renaxa, aJIIi Ii sa aacnarao nenosan,e na lheHOM noncrauarsy Ii
paasajalby.
IIeT OCHOBHIiX aasoa rrp06JIeMCKe HaCTaBe:
- rrp06JIeMCKO Ii3JIaralhe HaCTaBHIiKa
- rrp06JIeMCKIi najanor HaCTaBHIiKa Ii yseanxa
- caMOCTaJIHO pernaBalhe npotineua
- caMOCTaJIHO rrocranrsaa,e Ii peuraaaa.e rrpotinexra
- caMOCTaJIHO xoncrpyncan,e, nocraarsas,e Ii penrasan.e npooneaa,
.Kon Ii360pa aasoa rrp06JIeMCKe HaCTaBe rpefia CBaKaKO YBa)I{liTIi OCHOBHIi
U;IiJb ynersa (sacnarao-oopaaoaaa sanarax), npnpony rrp06JIeMCKIiX canpzcaja KO-
ja ce y'le, crenea yqeHWIKOr nosnaaaa-a nocrynaxa sa pemaaarse npotineua, Te
Te)I{IiHY rrp06JIeMCKe caryannje."?
IIHTepaKTIiBHo ynen,e y npoonexrcxoj HaCTaBIi najerpaxacaaje je y rpynasra.
,U. EpaHKOBIih xaxce: "Je,n:IiHO ce y rpyna ocrsapyje nornynaja Meljy3aBIicHOCT rse-
HIiX 'IJIaHOBa. Ta Meljy3aBIicHOCT ca nenaronrxor acnercra acnorsasa ce Kp03 no-
njeny pana, ycxrepetrocra xa U;IiJbY (pjernasassy npooneua), Te Kp03 ocraapanaa,e
rpyrmor sobcrna. IIoce6HO je 6IiTHO na ce nojenamnr y rpyna Meljyco6HO oxpa-
6pyjy, noncrnny na aKTIiBHOCT Ii nosaaacy jemra npyraaa y CBIiM rpasava pjenrasa-
lha npofinesra n y-rea,a."
Ilopen TeopIijcKIiX casaaa,a enyxaraaae panaomme cy npaajepen BIi,n:
ocrrocotin.anan.a HaCTaBHIiKa.
7 I1CTO.
97

13. IlEAArOIllKA CTBAPHOCT, LI,1-2 (2005), HOlmCall
IIHTep3KTHBHo yqelbe y nporinesrcao] H3CT3BU
• I1peAMeT: EHOJIOrHja, rpeha paspen, rHMHa3Hja
• Hacranaa jeAuHuqa: Paassjeaa racosa
• U:UJh paAuoHuqe: CXBaTHTH MexaHH3aMH ana-raj rrpasanrre passsjeae raco-
aa KOA )J(HBHX 6Hha, paayxrajenan,e ornurnx 3aKOHHTOCTH KOjH ananajy y
)J(HBOj rrpHpoAH, crauan.e cnocoonocra MHcaOHor yormrranarsa, caanan.a
y 06JIHKy nojaosa, pasaoj MHcaOHHX H napaacajaax crroCo6HOCTH, pasaoj
cnocotiaocra aa CaMOHHHIHjaTHBHo H caMOCTaJIHO acrpaacasan,e, rrpHxBa-
raa,e Aa je 3allITHTa )J(HBOTHe cpenaae npaoparerna 3aAaTaK, ocrroco-
6JhaBalhe aa caxroofipaaoaaa,e
• Marepnjan: yI,I6eHHK, CJIHKe, CKH~e, xpexna BOAa
• Ornem AOKa3HBlhe CO2y H3AaxHyToM Ba3AYXY
Kopauu ua wacy
1. xopaic yson:
- eppoHTaJIHH paA - rrpaBHJIHa passrjerra raCOBa,CJIHqHOCTH, pa3JIHKe...
2. KopaK:
- epopMHpalhe rpyrra aa caMOCTaJIHH pan (xereporene), rrpocropnn paassjenrraj H
ynyrcrsa sa pan, acnacnsaa,e rrocrynaxa aa pajeuraaaa,e nporineua.
3. KopaK:
- caMOCTaJIaH paA rpyrra (ocau rpyrra - rro ABHje rpyrre pane HCTe nporinexre)
Iloqjena nuciiiuha ca iipo6JleMUMa
1. rpyna: npOOJIeM - Tunoaa MexallU3aMa sa pasujeay racona
Ilnraa,a:
1. HHTeryMeHT
2. Ilpmman paasmjeae racoaa y mxpraua
3. IlpeAycJIOB aa erpaxacny paasrjeay racona y mxpraxra
4. IIIKpre pnfia npnnanajy rany?
5. <I>YHK~HoHHcalhe TpaXeaJIHOr CHCTeMa nacexara
6. TKHBO nnyha je cyahepacro. 3allITo?
OArOBOpu na mrraisa:
1. HHTeryMeHT (TjeJIeCHH noxpasas) HMa ynory pasxrjene racona KOA 6eCKHqMe-
lhaKa, aJIH H HeKHXnpyrux )J(HBOTHlha y Malhoj MjepH. Onaj HaqHH paavjeae raco-
aa Ha3HBace KO)J(HO HJIH AHepy3HO nacaa.e, KO)J(HO nncaa,e HMajy cynhepa, nynn,a-
pa, nrsocaare H o6JIe rJIHCTe, HeKH CHTHH pa-raha, xpnersn HTA. KO)J(a OBHX )J(HBO-
THlha je ca TaHKOM KyTHKyJIOM H cnorsa ysajex BJIa)J(Ha, qHMe cy OJIaKllIaHHAHepy-
3HH nponeca.
2. IIIKpre cy opraaa aa npasraa,e KHceOHHKa pacreopeaor y BOAH. BOAa xoja YJIa3H
na YCTa, nocanjesa y )J(APHjeJIO, nponape Y urxpacae xece H 06JIHBa urxpre cHa6-
njeaeae fiora'roxr Mpe)J(oM KpBHHX xananapa, Ty ce spnra pasxrjeaa racoea na
98

14. Palla ITepHh: I1HTEPAKTI1BHA HACTABA Y ITPAKCI1
rrpIIHlJ;IUIY ,[IIICpy3IIje ycnen pa3JIIIKe y rrap~IIjaJIHOM rrpIITIIcKy KIIceOHIIKa II yrrsea-
,[IIIOKCII,[Ia II3Mel)y OKOJIHe sone II KpBII Y KarrIIJIapIIMa urxpra,
3. Ilpenycrros aa erpnxacay passrjeay racosa y nrxprasra je rrpanuan ynehaae
rrOBpIIIIIHe, 'IIIMe je osroryhen 60JhII KOHTaKT cnorsanra.e II yayrpannse Cpe,[lIIHe.
4. IIIKpre pII6a npnnanajy mxpraua xopnara, HaCTaJIe y TOKy eBOJIY~IIje ynopeno
ca paanojexr CIICTeMa sa ~IIpKYJIa~IIjy. H>IIX ca-raa.anajy MHOlliTBO IllKP)KHIIX MII-
nmha 06JIO)KeHIIX ¢IIHOM CJIY30KO)KOM, rrpO)KeTOM rycroxr Mpe)KOM xarranapa.
5. Tpaxeje cy opraaa aa nacan.e KorrHeHIIX arnasxapa (IIHceKaTa, CTOHora, nayxo-
na, rrporpaxeara). To je CIICTeM jaxo pasrpanarax njeaxana xoje rrpoaonaajy TIIj-
peno. Kp03 ornope na 6oKoBllMa (cTIIrMe), opraHII3MII npiorajy xnceonnx II3 ar-
Moc¢epe, KOjII ce Kp03 CllCTeM ~IIjeBqII~a (rpaxeja) npeaocn Kp03 rajeno, ,[10K ce
CO2 nany-ryje npexo TjeJIeCHe rrospuraae na srnoriosaaa II llCTalbeHllM nnjenoaa-
Ma xyrnxyne.
6. IIJIyha CYB03eMHllX KWIMelbaKa cy XOMOJIOrHll oprana pll6JheM Mjexypy nsona-
xanaua, xpocorrrepnnaja II nexax npyrnx patia, llMajy cynbepacr asrnen 360r MHO-
IIITBa CIITHllX unjen-rana - 6pOHXllOJIa, xoje ce saapmaaajy nrryham« MjexypllhllMa
- aJIBeOJIaMa, qllMe ce jaxo ynehasa pecnaparopna noapunnra (KO,[l xoajexa 100 M2
nenecer nyra npenasa rrospuraay rnjena).
360r 'Iera je Ba)KHO na CJIY30KO)Ka HOCHe nynn,e 6y,[le BJIa)KHa II TOrrJIa?
OCllM ynore y ,[IllCalbY xojy jour yrrory llMa CJIY30KO)Ka HOCHe nynn.e?
)K,[IplljeJIO je pacxpcmma xojax nyresa?
Koja je ynora rpneaor noxnonua?
KaKaB ananaj IIMajy xpCKaBIIqaBII nonynpcreaoaa y 3II,[IOBIIMa ,[IyIIIHII-
Ka?
Koja je ynora rpenn.acrnx henaja y CJIY30KO)Kll xoja o6JIa)Ke yayrpa-
um,e cTpaHe nynnnnca II nyuma-rxax najesa?
6.
2. rpyna: IIpo6JIeM - )l,HcajuH uyTeBH
Ilnran,a:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
99

15. TIEAArOIIIKA CTBAPHOCT, LI, 1-2 (2005), HOBl'! Call
OpnUfIl aa pa3M<lIlY ra-
eonat I - l])1i:,lJ,llU, 2 - JlYl.llllll1i:,
3 - seae, 4 - apTCl'lIje, 5 - JlYl.ll-
aane, 6 - JlYtUlIlI~J(<l ucaa, 7 -
.lIYWlIll'lKe ueD'IllUe
O~rOBopH na mrrarsa:
1. CJIY30KO)!{aHOCHe nynrse Tpe6a na 6y~e BJIa)!{Ha H TOrrJIa na 6H ce y~aXHYTH sa-
3~YX sarpajao H na 6H ce OJIaKIllaJIO ~Hcalbe. 3a BJIa)!{HY CJIY30KO)!{y ce crsenrsyjy
MHKpoopraHH3MH H npamaaa,
2. Y CJIY30KO)!{H HOCHe nynrse (y roptsesr ~HjeJIY), HaJIa3e ce MHpHcHe 06JIaCTH,
rnje cy cMjeIllTeHH peuerrropa 'IyJIa MHpHca.
3. )K~pHjeJIO je pacKpcHHu:a nacajaax nyreaa H nyresa aa sapea.e xpaae,
4. rpJIeHH noxnonan cnpnje-raaa YJIa3aK xpane y nynmax, jep ce npn ryrarsy crry-
urra H 3aTBapa yJIa3 y nynmax.
5. XpCKaBHlIaBH npcrenonn ~YIllHHK 'IHHe eJIaCTH'IHHM, rHrrKHM H 'IBpCTHMH CTaJI-
HO ra onpacanajy orsopeaav aa nponas saanyxa.
6. Tpnersacre henaje y CJIY30KO)!{H ~YIllHHKa liMajy 3aIllTHTHY ynory (aa lblfMa ce
canpacanajy rrpanmaa H MHKpoopraHH3MH).
100

16. Pana Ilepah: llHTEPAKTllBHA HACTABA Y IlPAKCll
3. rpyna: Ilpo6JIeM - ,IJ;ucajHu noxpera
Ilaraa.a:
1. 06jacHH MexaHH3Me nacajnax noxpera?
2. IIlTa je norpetino na 6H nOKpeTHnacaa,a 6HJIH jasa H nncan,e ~y6Jbe?
3. KaKO MO)J{eMO H3MjepHTH BHTaJIHH KanaQHTeT IIJIyha?
4. O~ xera 3aBHCH HHTeH3HTeT nacan,a?
IIIcat-be
Pluca se pune
vazduhom
UDISAJ
Pluca sel'Ulle
vazduhem---,._...~
IZmSAJ
Medurebarm migi6!
'O'-._~.!l.£E~~&:l_._., ....
........_._.._..__ _----~---'-----_._._._ •....•.........._ , .
O~rOBopU na mrrarsa;
1. Ilpa ynacajy gHja<jJparMa ce xonrpaxyje H crryurra rrpexra Tp6yIIlHOj gyrrJbH,Me-
l)ype6apHH MHIIlHhH nomosy pe6pa HaBHIIle, rpynna KOCT ce rrosrajepa aanpajen,
TaKO ce nonehasa aanpexraaa rpymror KOIIla. Illapen,e rpynnor KOIIla rrOBJIa<JH
nnyha xoja ce mape, Te ce nparacax y fbHMa cMafbyje H sasnyx crpyja y fbHX. Ilpa
asnacajy rpY~HH KOIIl ce spaha y CBOj rrpBo6HTHH nonoacaj, BpIIlH nparacax aa
nnyha, H aasnyx ce HCTHcKyje H3 fbHX.
2. 3a ~y6Jbe nacaa.e H jaxe noxpere nacatsa npenycnos je CHa)J{aH rpY~HH KOIIl
IIlTO ce nOCTH)J{e cnoproxr (nnaaan.e, secnaa,e) H TjeJIeCHHM Bje)J{6aMa.
3. BHTaJIHH xanamrrer je OHa KOJIH<JHHa nasnyxa xojy yaecesro y nnyha xana MaK-
CHMaJIHO ynaxaeuo, BHTaJIHH xanauarer ce MjepH nosrohy cnpase - cnaponerpa,
4. HHTeH3HTeTnacarsa 3aBHCH o~ KOJIH<JHHe CO2y KpBH, xoja ~HpeKTHO yTH<Je aa
pan uenrpa sa nacaa.e (y XHnOTaJIaMycy). Ilonehaaa KOJIH<JHHa CO2 gOBO~H go
yopsaaor pHTMa H ~y6Jber nacan,a, a CMafbeHa KOJIH<JHHa gOBO~H go pajeber H
nnaher nacan,a.
4. rpyna: Ilpo6JIeM - Pasajena racona y nnyhnaa U TKUBUMa
Ilnran,a:
1. II1Ta nonpasyaajeaavo non CnOJbaIIlfbOM paauajeaov racosa?
2. II1Ta ooyxsara ynyrpannsa paaajena racona?
3. KaKO H y KOM oonasy ce raCOBH rpaacnopryjy Kp03 opraaaaau?
101

17. TIEAAfOIIIKA CTBAPHOCT, LI, 1-2 (2005), HOBl! Call
IZMENAGASO'VA.UMEHtJRICIMA
Kiseonik se~iriu krvi
Mehuric
Ug.ljendioksid se sid .
)zkrvi Qrcmn tllehm16im.a
O~rOBopH na naraa.a:
1. Cnorsama,e paaujeae racose otiyxsara nponasax KuceOHUKa U3 crrorsaunse
cpenane Y KarrUJIapHU KpBOTOK nnyha, Cjenne crpane, U OTrrYIlITaIhe CO2 Cnpyre
crpaae,
2. Yayrpanm,a passrjeaa racosa nonpaayujeaa passrjeny racona u3Mel)y hennja U
KpBU; TujeJIUMa U3 KpBU npenaje ce KuceOHUK, a rrpeyaasra CO2,
3. KuceOHUK U3 nnyhnnx Mjexypuha npenasa y nnyhne xanapane (y KpB) jep je
a.eron napnajarma npnracax y Ba3;J:YXY y MjexypuhuMa seha Hero y KpBU. XeMO-
rJI06UH upaerrax KpBHUX spaana sesyje KuceOHUK U pasaoca KpBOTOKOM rro opra-
HU3MY y BU;J:y HeCTa6uJIHOr jenaa.ea,a - oxca-xesrornoriaaa. Ilapnajanna npirnr-
cax CO2pacrnopenor U neaoxcareaacaaor y KpBU, neha je Hero y Ba3;J:YXY y nnyh-
HUM MjexypuhuMa U OH U3 KpBUnpenasn y nnyhae Mjexypuhe.
102

18. Palla fIepllh: I1HTEPAKTI1BHA HACTABA Y fIPAKCI1
CO(OH)2+ CO2.......
--.. CaCoa+H20
4. xopax:
-113BjeIllTaBaIhe npencrasnaxa rpyrra, sanacnnaa,e Te3a na Ta6JIIf, pasrosop...
5. KopaK:
- AHaJIIf3a TOKa If pesynrara pana,
6. KopaK:
- IIoBpaTHa IfHCpopMa~Ifja- rreTOMIfHYTHIf TeCT - KBaJIIfTaTIfBHa If KBaHTIfTaTIfBHa
aHaJIIf3a.
IIIfTaIha:
1. Kojexr TIfrry npananajy inxpre patia?
2. )K)lpIfjeJIO je paCKpCHIfQa KOjIfX rryrena?
3. KaKO MO)KeMO If3MjepIfTIf BIfTaJIHIf xananarer nnyha?
4. lin otiyxaara yayrpamn,a passsjeaa racosa?
Onronopa.
1. Tlparranajy mxpraxsa xopnara, HaCTaJIe y TOKy eBOJIYQIfje ynopeno ca paaaojev
CIfCTeMa aa napxynauajy,
2. Ilncajaax If nyresa aa sapea.e xpaae,
3. To je KOJIWmHa saanyxa xojy ynecesro y nnyha xana MaKCIfMaJIHO ynaxaesro.
Mjepa ce nouohy cnapouerpa.
4. Pa3MeHY racoaa If3Meljy hemrja y KpBIf. neJIIfjaMa If3 KpBIf npenaje ce xaceo-
HIfK, a rrpeysaaa CO2,
IIHTepaKTuBHo Y'lelbe y ersesmnapaoj llJIll napaaaraarcsoj nacrana
Eraesmnapaa HaCTaBa je peaxnnja na )lIf)laKTIfqKIf MaTepIfjaJIIf3aM If eHQIf-
KJIOrre)lIf3aM y HaCTaBIf. Hacroja 06IfMaH If nrnpox IllKOJICKIf nporpasr CBeCTIf na
MaIhIf, orpananea 6poj HaCTaBHIfX TeMa.
OBa HaCTaBa ysrjecro CIfCTeMaTCKor, KOHTIfHyIfpaHor If norrryaor rpernpa-
Iha If peanasanaje nporpasrcxor canpscaja Y3IfMa y 063IfP casro onpeben, TIfrrIfqHO
103

19. IlE)J,AfOlliKA CTBAPHOCT, LI, 1-2 (2005), HOBl'! Call
er3eMIIJIapaH, 6poj TeMa xoje IIMajy ana-raj HaCTaBHor (Y30pHor) MO~eJIa otipane
sa OCTaJIe aHaJIOrHe canpzcaje.
CYIliTIiHa er3eMIIJIapHe HaCTaBe je y aKTIIBHOCTII yxeaaxa II HaCTaBHIIKa y
IhIlXOBOM aKTIIBHOM III1HTepaKTIIBHOMpany.
"OCHOBHII csracao OBe KOHIJ;eIIIJ;lIje je na ce 1I3HaCTaBHor nporpasra nojena-
HIiX npenjrera onaoapajy xapaxrepacra-tae (TIIIIlIqHe, ysopae, peIIpe3eHTaTIIBHe,
er3eMIIJIapHe) HaCTaBHe TeMe II na ce TaKBe onaopaae HaCTaBHe resre C MeTO~lIq­
xe crpane oopahyjy na ysopaa rj. er3eMIIJIapaH HaqIlH."g
Onpebeaa er3eMIIJIapHII canpscaj nocraje MO~eJIOM aa oopany II ycsajan,e
aHaJIOrHOr canpzcaja. Er3eMIIJIapHII canpacaj Mopa IIMaTII caojcrna u;jeJIIIHe, CKy-
IIIIHe. JJ:aKJIe, er3eMIIJIapHa HaCTaBa nonpaayxrjesa canpzcaje 1I3Mel)y xojax IIOCTO-
ja O~IlIrJIe~Ha ananoraja.
Mel)YTIIM, CBII canpscaja ce He Mory ef3eMIIJIapHO o6pal)IIBaTII, C 063l1pOM
na cy IIOTpe6HlI eraejmnapna n aHaJIOrHII canpscaja aa caMOCTaJIaH pan,
Er3eMIIJIapHa HaCTaBa y IIpllMjeHII IIpOJIa311 Kp03 cnenehe erarre:
- IIpOY~IaBaIhe HaCTaBHor nporpasra II lI~eHTlICl)llKoBaIhe er3eMIIJIapHliX II
CJIlIqHIIXcanpacaja,
- oopahasaa.e er3eMIIJIapHliX canpxcaja na IlITO yaopimja, KBaJIIiTeTHlIjll II
npanjepaa Ha~IlIH, soneha paxyaa na er3eMIIJIap IIO~p)KaBa 6l1THa CBOj-
CTBa cKyIIIIHe,
- caMOCTaJIHa yqeHlIqKa oopana aHaJIOrHlIX canpzcaja IIO y30py (Mo~eJIY)
er3eMIIJIapHOr canpxcaja.
Y OBOj eTaIIII ~OJIa311 ~O napaacaja caxro pan, IlITO ~OIIPIiHOCIi ysersy y~IeIha.
Er3eMIIJIapHa HaCTaBa nopen eBII~eHTHIiXIIpe~HOCTIIliMa II He~OCTaTaKa.
Ilpe~HOCTII cy:
- oxroryhaaa yqeHIIIJ;IIMa IIHTepaKTlIBHo yqeIhe
- oxroryhaaa CTBapaJIaqKII pa~ yseanxa II HaCTaBHIIKa
- aacroja 1I36jehii eHIJ;IIKJIOIIe~1I3aM II ~1I~aKTWIKII MaTeplljaJIlI3aM IIPO-
rpavcxax canpxcaja
- yqeHIIIJ;1I aa MaIheM 6pojy qllIheHIIIJ;a ycsajajy rrojxroae, pasaajajy MIiIlIJbe-
n,e, ~OJIa311 no saxn.y-raxa II reaepanaaauaje.
He~ocTaIJ;1Icy:
- y-re na y )KIIBOTy yBeK Tpa)Ke MO~eJIe, ysope, a aa MHore )KIIBOTHe crrrya-
naje II IIpo6JIeMe HeMa ysopa Hli MO~eJIa,
- IIOCTOjll MoryhHocT na ef3eMIIJIapaH canpscaj He 6y~e IIpaBIi MO~eJI,
- aHaJIOraHcanpscaj ce He CMe IIOIiCTOBeTIiTII ca er3eMIIJIapHIIM,
- 1I36op er3eMIIJIapHOr canpacaja Tpa)K1I on HaCTaBHIIKa IlIlipOKO nenaro-
IlIKo-~II~aKTlIqKOII MeTO~lIqKO IICKyCTBO.
Er3eMIIJIapHa HaCTaBa je aeonpasnaao aanexrapeaa y cpe~IhIlM IlIKOJIaMa,
lIaKO ce MO)Ke KOPIiCTIiTII rOTOBO y CBIIM IIpe~MeTIiMa. Ilpavjep xoja CJIlIje~1I je
caxio jenaa y HlI3Y rrpasrjepa pa~1I0HlIqKOr pana, IIyTeM IIHTepaKTIIBHor yqeIha,
8Ilp Cuerosap MIIJUljCBMh, "I1HTepaK1'MBHO Y'IeILCYCr3CMnJIapHoj MJIM napanarwarn-nroj HaC1'anH",
y: HHluepaKLUUOHa naciiiaoa, Ban-a J1YKa 1999.
104

20. Palla Ilepnh: I1HTEPAKTI1BHA HACTABA Y nrAKCI1
npmrjeae eraesmnapne HaCTaBe y HaCTaBH reorparpaje y nanroj mKOJIH (II paspen
rHMHa3Hje).
• HacTaBIIU npeJl,MeT: reorparpaja, npyra paspen, rHMHa3Hja
• Tesra'rcxa ~eJIUHa: I10JIHTlPIKO-reorpaepCKe H exoaoucxo-reorparpcxe
O~JIHKe nojennaax ~eJIOBa CBeTa.
• Hacrasna jenannua: CTaHOBHHmTBO H 30He QHBHJIH3aQHje JIaTHHcKe
AMepHKe.
• lJ,UJh: Tlpoy-raaarse npyurrseao-reorparpcxax nonpysja, nojaaa H nponeca,
sacnaran,e y ~yxy npanannocra.
• Marepnjam Yr,r6eHHK, xapra CBeTa, xapra JIaTHHcKe AMepHKe, qaCOrrHCH
"National Geography", "Traveller".
1. xopajc YBO~:
- Iloncehan,e aa ersexmrrapna canpxaj: CTaHOBHHmTBo H 30He QHBHJIH3aQHje
Arppaxe (aKQeHaT na nornann.a H sanacara HX na Ta6JIH)
Pehan.e rro rrOrJIaBJhHMa:
- Y npocjexy pnjerxo HaCeJheHH KOHTHHeHTH
- Perserp JIaTHHcKe AMepHKe y ceraenraua CJIHqaH pen.erpy Arppaxe HT~.
2. xopaic
- I1o~eJIa y 6 rpyrra (xereporene), npocropna passsjeturaj H nasaa,e ynyrcrasa sa
pan rro rpynava.
3. xopaic
- CaMOCTaJIHH pa~ rpyrra:
1. rpyna: Pacna cTpyKTypa Jlarancxe AMepuKe
Onrosop:
- JIaTHHcKa AMepHKa je KOHTHHeHT na KOMe )KHBH aajsame MHjemaHHx pa-
ca
- MecTHQH - MjemaBHHa MH~HjaHaQa H 6HjeJIaQa (60% CTaHOBHHKa MeKcH-
xa, 33% OCTaJIe 3eMJhe)
- 3aM6oCH - H3Mel)y HH~HjaHaQa H QPHaQa
- MyJIaTH - MjemaBHHa 6HjeJIaQa H QPHaQa KOjH cy Kao p060BH ~OBol)eHH
H3 Arppaxe
- KpeOJIH - rrOTOMQH H3 6paKOBa rrpBHX mrraHCKHXocaajaxa H MH~HjaHKH.
Y aH~CKHM 3eMJhaMa BehHHCKO CTaHOBHHmTBO cy MHAHjaHQH xao H MeCTH-
QH. UpHQH H MyJIaTH qHHe aehany y JaMajKH, I10pTOpHKy, XaHTHjy, Eapoanocy,
TpHHH~a~y H To6ary.
PaCHa TOJIepaHQHja aa OBOM KOHTHHeHTy je aa 3aBH~HOMHHBOy.
2. rpyna: Murpa~ujeCTaHOBIlUIDTBa
Onrosop:
Epa3HJI H ApreHTHHy nacersaaajy EBpOrrJhaHH.
Epa3HJI nacersasajy I1opTyraJIQH, IhaJIHjaHH H IlIrraHQH.
ApreHTHHy - IlIrraHQH H MTaJIHjaHH
105

21. IlE,IJ;ArOIliKA CTBAPHOCT, LI, 1-2 (2005), HOBII Call
AKTyeJIHe cy MIIrpaQIIje I13ynyrpannsocrn rrpeMa rpanoaassa.
Y HOBIIje apeve npacyraa cy KpeTalha xa 06JIaKOM AMa30Ha, I'pan qaKa II
IIaTarOHIIje (II y AcPPIlQII, najaehe MIIrpaQIIje cy ceno-rpan),
3. rpyna: Ilpaapenno-exonoacsa cTpyKTypa H crenen ypfianaaanaje
Onrosop:
Ilpncyrua je yopaana yp6aHII3aQIIja - paCT rpagcKIIx HaCeJha - KapaKTepIl-
CTIIqHO aa sepassajeae aexrrse.
- BeJIIIKII rpanona cy: MeKCIIKO CIITII 16,7 MIIJIIIOHa CTaHOBHIIKa (1997),
Cao IIaoJIo (16,5 MIIJIIIOHa CTaHOBHIIKa), Byenoc Apaec - 11,7 MIIJIIIOHa
CTaHOBHIIKa, Pao ne )KaHeIlpo - 11 MIIJIIIOHa CTaHOBHIIKa.
- Epa3I1JI liMa BIICOK crenen yp6aHII3aQIIje, jep % CTaHOBHIIIIITBa )KIIBII y
rpagoBIIMa. Y Epa3I1JIYrrOJIOBIIHa CTaHOBHIIIIITBa pana y TepQIIjaJIHIIM ne-
JIaTHOCTIIMa, a y cexynnapnau II rrpIlMapHHM 1,4 CTaHOBHIIIIITBa.
- Ypyraaj, ApreHTIIHa, qIlJIe II MeKCIIKO I1Majy HajBIIIIIe 3arrOCJIeHIIX y ce-
KyHgapHoM cexropy. Y JIaTIIHcKoj AMepIlQII I13pa)KeH je npouec repnaja-
JIII3aQIIje xao II najnehe cOQIIjaJIHe pa3JIIIKe na csajery (HajHoBIIjIl rrpIl-
Mep XaIlTII - xpaj cPe6pyapa 2004. ronaae),
-- Kao II y AcPPIlQII II Y JIaTHHcKoj AMepHQH najaeha rpanosa cy na ooana-
Ma Mopa II oxeana.
4. rpyna: 30lle U;HBHJIH3au;uje - cTape UH)J;HjcKe U;UBHJIU3au;uje Maje, IIHKe
H Aceua,
Onrosop:
- Maje - HaCeJhaBaJIII cy rrOJIyocTpBo JyKaTaH (MeKcIIKo, xao II npocrop
nanarna,e I'aarenane).
- ACTeQII - )KIIBeJIII cy Ha MeKCIIqKoj BIIcopaBHII.
-I1HKe - BIICOKII AHgH, nanaunse repm-opaje IIepya II EOJIHBIIje (nopenn-
TIl ca CTapIlM acPPWIKIIM QIIBIIJIII3aQHjaMa - erIlrraTCKIIM, aparrCKIIM II
QPHaqKIIM).
5. rpyna: IlInaHCKH H nopTyraJICKH KyJIyTpIlH yrnuaj y JIaTHIIcKoj AMepHU;H.
OgfoBOP:
Oaaj yTIIQaj ce IIIHpHO on KaJIHcPopHHje na cesepy go Ilararoanje na jyry.
- Y 18 sexrarsa OBOf KOHTIIHeHTa fOBOpIl ce IIIrraHCKII je3I1K. (Ilpavepa pagIl
y AcPpIlQII Y 18 aexrarsa fOBOpIl ce eHfJIeCKII je3HK).
- Y JIaTIIHcKoj AMepIlQH, xao II y AcPPIlQII, KOJIOHII3aTopIl cy BPIIIIIJIII
rroxpmraaaa.e CTaHOBHIIIIITBa TaKO na je BeOMa jaxa KaTOJIWIKa peJIIIfH-
ja.
- KOJIOHII3aTopIl oCHIIBajy nnanraace II xanajeane. HaKoH geKOJIOHII3aU;I1je
pasaujajy ce OprHHaJIHe xyrrrype y MeKcHKy, Epa3I1JIY, ApfeHTIIHII, Ko-
JIyM6I1jIl, BeHeQyeJIII II gpYfIlM 3eMJhaMa (CJIWIHII nponeca nemaaajy ce II
y AcPPIlQII).
- Ilaaac y 3eMJhaMa JIaTIIHcKe Axrepaxe HajcHa)KHIIjIl yrnuaj HMajy CA.IJ:
npexo CBOjIlX BeJIIIKIIX KOMrraHIIja, Hprr. United Fruit Company. 360r 3aBH-
CHOCTII y eKOHOMCKOM CMIICJIY pasnaja ce II KyJITypHII yTIIQaj CA.IJ:-a.
106

22. Palla ITcpHh: I1HTEPAKTHBHA HACTABA Y ITPAKCI1
- Ilopryrancxa xynrypmr yranaj najjaxa je y Epasany rne je nopryrancxu
je311K cny)K6eHIl je311K.
6. rpyrra: 30lla 6pHTallcKor, «j>pallqycKor Hxonaancxor KynTypllor yrauaja,
Onroaopa:
Ha AHTllncKIlM OCTpBIIMa xao II y HeKIlM xapancxav 3eMJhaMa 113pa)KeHIl
cy YTIIIJ;ajll HaBe;QeHIIX aesran.a rue yrnaanoxt )KIIBe IJ;PHIJ;1l1l Myrrara.
- Earnecxa je311K - Jaxtajxa, Bapoanoc, I'najana, TpIIHIl;Qa;Q II To6aro II y
OBOj ofinacrn ;QOMIlHaHTHa je rrpOTeCTaHTCKa penaraja.
- <I>paHIJ;ycKIl je;Q3HK - Xanra, I'sananyne, MapTIIHHK, <I>paHIJ;ycKa I'yjaaa -
;QOMIlHaHTHa je xarona-nca penaraja,
- Xonanncxa je3HK - Cypaaaxr II xonaH;QCKIl Mann Anrana (aa crraxan Ha-
qllH KynTypHIl YTIIIJ;~ II 30He IJ;IlBllnIl3aIJ;llje o6pageHe cy Ha rrpllMepy
A¢pIIKe II yqeHIIIJ;1l ce npnje aanararsa rrpe;QCTaBHIIKa rpyrra noncjere aa
TO).
4. xopaic
- Hsneurraaaa,e rpyrra 0 pany, aanacaaarse resa na Ta6nll.
5. xopaxi
- Aaanasa TOKaII pe3ynTaTIl.
6. xopax;
- IIoBpaTHa IIH¢OpMaIJ;llja rreToMIlHyTHor TeCTa.
IIIITalha aa rreTOMIlHYTHIlTeCT:
1. KonHKO CTaHOBHIIKa liMa JIaTIIHcKa Anepaxa?
- 455 MllnilOHa.
2. Koje pace napona )KIIBe y Jlarancxoj AMepIIIJ;Il?
- 611jena, IJ;pHa, I1H;QlljaHIJ;1l (acyrn), MjernaHe pace: Mynarn, 3aM6ocll, MeCTIIIJ;1l II
Kpeona,
3. Koja cy najaeha rpanosn JIaTIIHcKe Asrepaxe?
- MeKcIIKo CIITIl 16,7 MllnllOHa CTaHOBHIIKa, Cao Ilaono, Byenoc Apnec,
Pao ne )KaHellpo.
4. HaBe;QIITe 30He IJ;IlBllnIl3aIJ;llje y JIaTIIHcKoj AMepIIIJ;Il:
- crape IIH;QlljaHcKe naaanaaarmje Maja, I1HKa II ACTeKa,
- xynrypaa YTIIIJ;aj: nopryrancxn, ¢paHIJ;ycKll, xonaancxa n YTIIIJ;aj CA)J;-a.
5. Tlopryrancxa ce rosopa y ... ?
- Bpasany.
Tpyrre y OBOM pa;Qy OCIIM yutieanxa KopllcTe xaconac National Geography,
xao II 3aHIIMJhllBOCTil ca I1HTepHeTa II npyrax 113Bopa II nareparype.
107

23. ITEJJ:AfOlliKA CTBAPHOCT, LI, 1-2 (2005), HOBM Call
CBaKO]:(HeBHH )KHBOT H pan y mKOJIH noxaayje reurxohe y KOMYHHKa~HjH,
xoje npOH3HJIa3e, ]:(HjeJIOM, 360r aenoanaaarsa H neysaacaaan,a nCHXOJIOmKHX OCO-
6HHa Y3paCTa HJIH 360r nenoaaaaarsa H aepaasajenocra MeTO]:(HKe aacnarno-
06pa30BHOr pana,
Y cnajex y pany HMa HaCTaBHHK KOjH CJIy)KH xao npavjep aa n03HTHBHY KO-
MYHHKa~Hjy H KOjH CBOjHM CTaBOM ocarypasa xyuaay H nO]:(CTH~ajHY arxrocrpepy,
Y BacnHTHo-o6pa30BHOM npouecy je BO]:(H'I, oco6a xoja rpopaapa capannasxe TH-
MOBe, nO]:(CTH'Ie Hece6HqHOCT H nparn pasaoj yseaaxa nJIaHCKH H opraHH30BaHO.
HHTepaKTHBHO yxetse nouaace yqeHH~HMa, nopen pasnzjan,a capanaasxax
onnoca, nocsrarpaa.a ce6e y pa3JIH'IHTHM )KHBOTHHM caryanajaaa, cyoxaaaa.e ca
caMHM C060M, aaanasapan,e csoje JIHqHOCTH H csora noaamaa,a, nonasaa,e npara
TOJIepaH~HjeH cnOC06HOCTH cyanpacaaaa,a.
Y caesry OBOMe, HaCTaBHHKy rpeoa ]:(aTH CJIo6o]:(y na y onpehenoj MjepH
xpeapa capscaje csora npemrera H oxpaopasara ra y cnpesmocra na aaosanaje H
casroy-reise.
Jlareparypa
Ilporp. np CY3Hft H. (1999): Hniuepaxiiiuono ynetee, Baa.a JIyKa.
Ilporp. ]:(p HJIHft M. (1998): Haciiiaea pasnuuuiiiux nueoa caoscenociiiu, YqHTeJh-
CKH ¢aKyJITeT, Eeorpan.
Ilporp.jtp BpaHKOBHft,n;. (1999): "HHTepaKTHBHo y-reu,e y npotirrexrcxoj HacTaBH",
Hniiiepatciuueno ynen.e, Ban.a JIyKa.
Ilpocp, ]:(p Kaanrren P. (1969): Paeeujatee xpuiiaoocoi suuunsetea KOg yuenutca,
Beorpan,
Ilporp. np MHJIHjeBHft C. (1999): "HHTepaKTHBHo ysen,e y eraexmnapnoj HJIH na-
panaraarcxoj HacTaBH", Hniiiepaxtuueno ynetee, Baa,a JIyKa.
Ilpocp, ]:(p CY3Hft H. (1998): Kaxo uoiiuusucaiiiu yuenutce, Pasaoj aa yutieaaxe H
HaCTaBHa cpencrsa PC, Cpncxo Capajeso,
Ilpocp, ]:(p Kpnera Il, (1999): "Co~HjaJIHH rpaxropa xao ]:(eTepMHHaHTa HHTepaK-
THBHor ysea.a", Huiuepaxiiiueno ynetee, Baa.a JIyKa.
Rada Perle, Bijeljina
INTERACTIVE TEACHING IN PRACTICE
Summary
In the present conditions it is obvious that the teaching procedure is burdened by
one-way pedagogical communication. There is a shortage in personality development
which should face the challenges of 2151
century, and therefore interactive teaching has
been imposed as an imperative.
108

24. Pana Ilepah: I1HTEPAKTI1BHA HACTABA Y rIP AKCI1
First, the author contemplates teaching activity as social process and starting with the psy-
chology of pupil's age he recognized the group work as special pedagogical challenge.
Besides psychological phases the group goes through, there are some suggestions for joi-
ning new pupils to the group, interaction and some actions in order to maintain group coh-
esion due to the given task.
Within the framework of there workshops the author offers common methodology and
techniques for group constitution and realization of different teaching models through int-
eractive teaching.
Key words: interaction, group, interactive learning, group constitution, workshops, levels
of complexity, problem teaching, example teaching, course book, feedback
Pana Ilepns, bHeJIHUa
I1HTEPAKTI1BHhIH IIPOIJ,ECCOEYlJEHI15I HA IIPAKTI1KE
Pe3lOMe
B cospeaeansrx YCqrrBOHX TpaAIUI,IiOHHbIU npouecc o6yqeHliH OqeBIiAHO Harpy-
)KeH O.D:HOHarrpaBJIeHHOU nenarorusecxoti KOMMyHIiKaII,lieU. TaKaH KOMMyHIiKaII,IiH He
nouoraer pasaararo JIHqHOCTH, KOTOpaH .D:OJI)KHa 60pOTbCH c rrp06JIeMaMIi Ii BbI30BaMIi
II,HBHJIH3aII,HH B .D:Ba.D:II,aTb nepsoa sexe, Hnosrovy IiHTepaKTIiBHoe o6yqeHHe HBJIHeTCH
oxeas Ba)KHbIM HHeo6xo.D:HMbIM.
ABTOp HaCTOHllI,eU pafiorsr, so-rtepastx paccaarpasaer ysenae KaK COII,HaJIbHbIU rrpOII,eCC
Ii HCXO.D:H H3 rrCIiXOJIOrli1i B03paCTa yqeHHKOB, pafiory Brpyrrrre, rpyrmosyio pafiory CqH-
raer HCKJIlOqliTeJIbHO Ba)KHbIM nenaromxecxaa BH.D:OM pa60TbI.
HapH.D:Y C rrCIiXOJIOrJ1qeCKIiMIi eranava, -repes xoropsre rrpOXO.D:HT rpyrrrra, B pafiore
.D:aHbI HpeKOMeH.D:aII,HIi 0 BKJIlOqeHIiH ysaumxcs Brpyrrrry, B3aHMOBnIDIHIiIi, B3aIiMO.D:eU-
CTBHH rpynnu, CII,eJIblO OCYlll,eCTBJIeHIDI MaKCHMaJIbHOU B3aliMOCBH31i rpynnsr rro OTHO-
urenmo K.D:aHHOU sanaxe.
B paxrxaxrpex MaCTepcKIiX aBTOp peKOMeH.D:yeT KOHKpeTHble MeTO.D:bI Ii TeXHIiKIi, xacaro-
llI,HeCH otpopvneaaa rpynnst Hpeanasauaa pa3HbIX MO.D:eneU mrrepaxraaaoro o6yqeHIDI
BKOHTeKcTe rrpe.D:JIO)KeHHbIX rrO.D:XO.D:OB.
Onopusre cnosa: HHTepaKII,IDI, rpyrrrra, IiHTepaKTIiBHoe ysenae, odiopvnenae rpynmr,
MaCTepCKlie, ypOBHH CJIO)KHOCTH, npofinenaoe ofiyseaue, 3K3eMITJIHpHOe ofiyseaae,
yqe6HHK, 06paTHaH HHepopMaII,HH
109