4. 4 KOWK~
na ,ll;peBHIIX TOJICTOKOmIIX HOCOpOrOB II nO,ll;06HhIX lIM
6POHI1pOBaHHhIX Tp aBO,H,ll;HhIX.
Conpesrennsre XIII.IJ;HIIKI1,ll;OBOJIhCTBYIOTC,H MeHee aa
I.IJ;I1I.IJ;eHHOii ,ll;06hI"l.[eii , II KJIhIKII Y HI1X He TaKIIe rlIraHT
CKIIe. B COBpeMeHHOM MIIpe CX O,ll;H h I e 3KO JIOrI1"l.[eCKlIe
neorrapzn,r , rertapzn.r
HIIIlIII 3aHlIMaIOT JI h B h I , rm-pr,t,
II cnexcnsre fiapcsr, Terreps BHIIMaHI1e! Bee 3TlI xpyrnrsre
XIII.IJ;HI1KII OTHOC,HTC,H K ceMeii cTBy « K OIlIa "l.[h I1 » • Ha3Ba
HIIe ronopn'r carao aa cefia. Cpaay CTaHOBI1TC,H nOH,HT
HhIM , -rro HaIlIII MypKII II 6apClIKII ,HBJI,HIOTC,H ,ll;aJIhHI1MII
pOACTBeHHIIKaMI1 HaCTO,HI.IJ;IIX cepseaasrx XIII.IJ;HI1KOB,
KOTOphIX rr06aI1BaeTC,H ztaxce "l.[eJIOBeK.
C IIX BeJIIIKOpOCJIhIMII C06paTh,HMII KOIlIeK P0,ll;HIIT
crroco6 OXOThI. KaK rmnryr B cepsearrsrx cnpaao-nrmcax ,
« xoura-n,n - Ha1I6oJIee cne:U;lIaJI1I31IpOBaHHhIe 1I3 ncex
Jl ee uuoe cesieiicmeo na sueaem csi npaiuios:
5. KOWAlIbE CEMEHCTBO 5
Xl1~HbIX, BCeIl,eJIO npncnocofinenmae K ,n:06bIBaHl1IO
:>Kl1BOTHOU nmrra rrpeasrymecrueaao rryrera cxpazrsrna
HHJI, nonxapaynnnaaaa, 11 peace - rrpecneztoaanna CBO
l1X :>KepTB'). Kor,n:a B ,n:OMaIIIHeU KOIIIKe rrpOCbIIIaIOTCJI
zrpenaae liHCTl1HKTbI, li OHa naxaaaer rronfiaparr.ca K
HHqerO He nonoapeaaronraa rOJIy6JIM - 3TO 11ecrs cxpa
zrsmaane. MbICJIeHHO YBeJIliqbTe KOIIIKy B HeCKOJIbKO
paa, H nonyvare TOqHYIO xaprnny OXOTJI~eUCJIJIbBliIl,bI
liJIl1 rreonapzta. Pa3JIl1ql1e JIHIIIb B paasrepax.
(ha paaaaua 11 JIeJKHT B OCHOBe pa3,n:eJIeHl1JI cexreii
CTBa KOIIIaqbliX na zrae 60JIbIIIl1e rpyrmsr, na zraa nozrce
MeUCTBa. B rrepsoe BXO,n:JIT nee xpymrsre KOIIIKH Ml1pa,
BO B'I'OpOe - l1X «MeJIKOKaJIli6epHble ,> C06paTbJI. Bcero
:>Ke K KOIIIaqbliM OTHOCliTCJI OKOJIO 36 Bli,n:OB. HeMaJIeHb
KaJI rrOJIyqaeTCJI ceraeiixa XBOCTaTblX XH~HIIKOB!
6. KOWA'U1~ POA
,1l;oMaIllHlIe KOIllKH OTHOC.HTC.H K pozry Felis. 9Ta
rpynna BKJIIO-qaeT u;eJIhIR p.H,n; BH,n;OB. O,n;HH ll3 HHX
60JIhIlle rrOXOJKH na HaIllHX MypJIhIK, zrpyr-ae - MeHh
me. IIoJKaJIyR, 60JIee ncero HarrOMHHalOT zroraam
HHX JII06HMu;eB .necnsre eaponeficxne KOIllKH. OHH
HeCKOJIhKO xpyrmee ,n;OMaIllHHX, HX rOJIOBa umpe ,
a 6YPoBaTo-cephIR Mex 60JIee rvcroa H nynracr-sra.
BCTpeqaIOTC.H OHH B IllHPOKOJIHCTBeHHhIX rrecax 3a
nanaoii Enpom,i, B MOJI,n;aBllH, na Kapna'rax , aa rore
Vrcpanm«, na RaBKa3e II B Manon A3HH. Panee .necnsre
esporrencxne KOIllKH scrpe-ranacs na repparopaa BceR
7. KOWAlfHH POA 7
BpIITaHIUf. Teneps OCTaJIIICb TOJIbKO B cesepnoii IIIoT
JIaH,l:r;1I1I (K cesepy OT 3,l:r;IIHoypra II I'nasro). B3RTbI non
oxpany, ,D;IIKIIe eaponeiicxne KOiliKII MoryT cicpeum
BaTbCR C ,l:r;OMaIlIHIIMII KOiliKaMII. IIosToMY STO He OT
,l:r;eJIbHbIH BII,l:r;, a pa3HOBII,l:r;HOCTb, IIJIII nonnazt.
AljJpUIWHCIWR
30JlOmUCmaJl
KOUlIW
8. 8 KOWK~
I'enapii - cascasi tiucmpan tcouuea llU ceeme
Ha TeppHTopX;UI A<}:>PHKH 06H
TaIOT 6 rrO)l;BH)l;OB CTerrHhIX arpprr
KaHCKHX KOIIIeK. Y HHX KaMYQ:>
JIJDKHhIH psraceaaro-cepsni orcpac
C nec-ransna, )KeJITOBaTO-cephIM HJIH
TeMHo-cephIM OTTeHKOM. A<}:>pHKaH
CKHe KOIIIKH OT JIH-qHO JIa3aIOT rro zte
pensasr, rne JIOBKO XBaTaIOT MeJIKHX
Bopo6hHHhIX rrTHIJ;. Mor y-r TaCKaTh
)l;OMaIIIHHX KYp. reHeTHKH c-qHTa
IOT, -qTO HMeHHO 3TH KOIIIKH JlBJIJI
IOTCJI HerrOCpe)l;CTBeHHhIMH npeznca
MH KOIIIeK )l;OMaIIIHHX .
B A<}:>pHKe BCTpe-qaeTCJI )l;pyroH
BH)l; )l;HKHX KOIIIeK - 30JIOTHCTaJl
aQ:>pHKaHCKaJl. 06HTaIOT OHH B )l;)KyH
rJIJlX 8KBaTOpHaJIhHOH A<}:>pHKH.
IIHrMeH Kaxepyaa )l;eJIaIOT H3 XBOC
TOB 3TH X KOIIIeK aMyJIeThI, xoropsre
JlKo6hI crroco6HhI rrpHHeCTH yzra-ry
B O BpeMJI OXOThI. B AQ:>pHKe MO)KHO
9. KOWA'iHH POA 9
BCTpeT11Th ratcxce cepsana. ,IJ;JI11Ha
ero TeJIa BMeCTe C XBOCTOM .n;OCT11
raer norryropa MeTpOB. 8'1'11 .n;l1K11e
KOlllK11 MoryT OXOT11ThC.H zraxce aa
MeJIK11X aHT11JIOrr.
B ,ll;OJI11He H11JIa, na Tepp11Top1111
Ceaepnoii HH,ll;l1l1 11 IIaK11cTaHa,
a TaKme B roro-aananaora K11Tae
0611TaeT KOT KaMhIllloBhIH, OH me
xayc. 8'1'11 KOThI rrpexpacno cefia
l:J:yBCTByIOT B 3apOCJI.HX TpOCTH11KOB
11 KOJIIOl:J:11X KycTapH11KOB rro 6epe
raM perc 11 osep. ,IJ;peBH11e er-arrraae
rrp11pYQaJI11 11X ,ll;JI.H OXOThI na BO,ll;O
rrJIaSaIOI.I..1;l1X rrT11I.I;.
Cmennast a(jJpUIWHCIWJL
ICOUllCa
10. 10 KOWK~
B IIHp;HJ1 p;JUI OXOTbI na MeJIKyIO P;H"Ib HCrrOJIb30BaJIH
KapaKaJIOB. 8TH p;HKHe KOIIIKH rrOXOiKH na CTpOHHyIO
PbICb C KOpOTKOH IIIepCTbIO; yIIIH C P;JIHHHbIMH "IepHbI
MH KHCTO"IKaMH.
Ha TeppHTOpHH cenepo-aanaznroro KHTa.H H cenepo
BOCTO"IHOH "IaCTH MOHrOJIHH MOiKHO BCTpeTHTb KHTaH
CKyIO rOpHYIO KOIIIKy. IIop;yIIIe"IKH nan y nee r-ycro
onynrem,r, KaK y rrYCTbIHHbIX KOIIIeK, rr03TOMY parrs
IIIe 3TOT BHP; 6bIJI H3BeCTeH KaK nyc-rsraaaa KOIIIKa.
Ha caMOM ztene OHH 06HTaIOT B CTerr.HX H npenropsax,
rne pOIOT ce6e HOPbI.
Cep8aJl
11. -
Xayc - IWMblUl06blU tcom.
B MOHrOJUm 06I1TaeT KOT MaHyJI. B XVIII B. OH 6hIJI
OIII-ICaH rryTemecTBeHHI1KOM III1TepOM Tlanaccora, rro
STOMy MaHyJIa Ha3hIBalOT I1Hat.Ie rraJIaCCOBhIM KOTOM.
OH He rrpncnocotinen K 6hICTpOMy 6ery, rroaroray B 0'1'
KphIThIX CTerrHX rrpaKTI1t.IeCKI1 I1cTpe6JIeH, COXpaHI1JI
CH JII1illh B npenropr.ax. Mex y MaHyJIa r-ye-ron, aa
I160JIee rrYilll1CThIU cpezta scex rrpe,n;CTaBI1TeJIeU pozta
12. Y KapaJW JW yUJU C KUCmOl{l<a,MU. tcaic y pucu
Felis. Ha 1 KBa~paTHOM caar aererpe CIIHHhI paCIIOJIO
xceao zio 9000 BOJIOC. B TaKoi1: uryfie HHKaKHe XOJIo.n;a
He CTpalIIHhI!
B AMepHKe CBOH KOlIIKH. Hanparaep, nasmaconaa.
BCTpe'lJaeTCH He TOJIhKO na nOKphIThIX TpaBoi1: paBHH
nax, HO TaKme B rrecax H BhICOKorophHX. Ha TeppMTO
pHH BOJIHBHH, ApreHTHHhI, Bpa3HJIHH H Tlapar-saa
BCTpe'lJaeTCH KOlIIKa mo¢pya. TaK ee Ha3BaJIH B xecrr,
¢paHI.I;Y3CKoro HaTypaJIMCTa mo¢pya CeHT-I1JIepa,
nYTelIIeCTBOBaBlIIero no IOmHoi1: AMepHKe B XIX B.
13. KOWAlIHH POA 13
8Ta KOIIIKa He TOJIbKO IIpeKpaCHO JIa3aeT IIO nepensan,
HO Ii IIJIaBaeT; yMeeT JIOBIiTb pbI6y .
CaMaH MaJIeHbKaH KOIIIKa AMepIiKIi - KO,n;KO,n; .
Ee Ha3bIBaIOT TaKme '1IiJIIiHCKOH KOIIIKOH. Mex y nee
cepOBaTO-KOpIi'lHeBbIH, C '1epHbIMIi IIHTHaMIi, coezmna
IOr:o;IiMIiCH B IIOJIOCbI na CIIIiHe Ii na XBOCTe.
O:o;eJIOT, HaIIpOTIiB, - oxeas KpyIIHaH KOIIIKa. B ,n;JIIi
try BMeCTe C KOPOTKIiM XBOCTOM nocrm-aer IIOJIyTopa
MeTpOB . :tKIiBeT B ceBepO-BOCTO'lHOH '1aCTIi IOmHOH AMe
pmcn. O:o;eJIOTbI sezryr HO'IHOH 06pa3 mIi3HIi, OXOTHCb
Ii na 3eMJIe, Ii na zrepensax: OHIi XOpOIIIO IIJIaBaIOT.
ManyJt - caMblU runuucmuic aUKUU «om.
14. 14 KOWK~
KCTaTH, CTOJIb me xopOIIIHe rrJIOBIJ;bI a3HaTCKHe PbI6
nsre KOIIIKH. OHH 06HTaIOT B6JIH3H perc H pyxses aa rep
pHTOpHH IOro-BoCTOqHOM A3HH (IlH,ZJ;H.H, ICHTaH, Bser
HaM, TaHJIaH,ZJ;, Cysrarpa, 5IBa) . Psrfiasre KOIIIKH YMeIOT
He TOJIbKO rtnanart., HO H Hblp.HTb aa ,ZJ;o6bIQeH. JII06o
nsrrno, QTO Mem,ZJ;y rraJIbIJ;aMH rrepemnrx .nan y HHX rrepe
nomen, rcoropsre nosroraro-r nrraaa'rs H JIOBHTb pbI6y.
Il amnacoeasi KOUlIW
o6umaem Ita npocmopax Aueputcu.
16. PEAK~E KOWK~ M~PA
He nee rrpe,n;CTaBHTeJIM pozra Felis rrpOIJ;BeTalOT B COB
peMeHHOM MMpe. Casro CYI.I.J;eCTBOBaHI1e HeKOTophIX BM
,n;OB Haxo,n;MTC.H nozr yrpoaori.
O,n;HHM H3 carasrx MeJIKMX M pemcnx BM,n;OB pozta /
.HBJI.HeTC.H l.JepHOHOra.H xonnca. Paaraepoxr OHa He rrpe- /
BhIlIIaeT KpOJIMKa. He CJIyl.JaUHO l.JepHOHOrHe KOlIIKH / '
nepeznco 3aHMMalOT MX HOPhI. OT aoca ,n;o KOHl.JH,K ~
XBOCTa paaraep l.JyTh 60JIee rro.nyjae'rpa. Apearr 66M
TaHH.H - cyxne paBHMHhI tor-a AeppMKH,/rrYcThIH.H
KaJIaXapH, TeppHTOpH.H BOTcBaHhI uHaMH6HH. Mex
meJITOBaTO-KOpHl.JHeBhIU, necuansrx OTTeHKOB, C rrar
HaMH; na norax - rrOJIOCKH. Ha rr.HTOl.JHhIX nozrynrex
rcax Mex xepnoro IJ;BeTa - OTCIO,n;a H Ha3BaHHe BM,n;a.
,D;o6hIl.Ja l.JepHOHOrHX KOlIIeK - MeJIKHe rphI3YHhI,
rrTHIJ;hI, perrTHJIHH, nacexorasre.
Pe,n;KHM BhIMHpalOI.I.J;HM BH,n;OM Cl.JHTaeTC.H JIeCHOU
aMypcKHu KOT. OH HeCKOJIhKO xpynuee ,n;oMalIIHeu
Bypoaaro-cepsra Mex yrcpamen pmaBO-KOpHl.J
KOlIIKM.
HeBhIMH II.HTHaMH. Hapeznca BCTpel.JaeTC.H IIO 6eperaM
oaep B 3apOCJI.Hx TpOCTHMKOB na TeppMTopIHI IOmHoro
IIpHMoph.H H B Cpezraera Tlpaaxrypr,e. ,D;o6hIl.Ja - 6y
pynzryrca H ztpyrne MeJIKMe rphI3YHhI, 3aUIJ;hI, p.H6l.JMKH,
rpaaam,i.
MaJIOH3Yl.JeHHhIU BH,n; -phIma.H KOlIIKa C ocrpona
Bopaeo. BCTpel.JaeTC.H TOJIhKO na 3TOM OCTpOBe. BHelIIHe
HaIIOMHHaeT a3HaTCKYlO ,n;HKylO KOlIIKY; ,n;JIHHa TeJIa
06hIl.JHO He IIpeBhIlIIaeT 85 CM. Hecsrorpa na CKpOMHhIe
paaxrepsr, OHa nanazrae-r He TOJIhKO aa MeJIKHX mHBOT
HhIX H IITHIJ;, HO H aa 06e3h.HH. YHHl.JTOmeHMe JIeCOB na
OCTpOBe MomeT IIpHBeCTH K IIOJIHOMy HCl.Je3HOBeHHIO
aroro pemcoro BH,n;a.
He TaK ,n;aBHO IIO,n; yrpoaoii 6hIJIO CYI.I.J;eCTBOBaHHe
6eHraJIhCKOU KOlIIKM. OHa BCTpel.JaeTC.H B rrecax H aa
pannnnax I1H,n;HH, Ilarorc-rana, Banrvranem, BHpMhI,
B TaMJIaH,n;e H Bse-maxre. Ha ,D;aJIhHeM Bocroxe H B Boc-
Peincuii BbtMUpalOUJ,UU BUG - JL eCl-lOU asujpcxuii «om ~
17.
18.
19. PEAK~E KOWK~ M~PA 19
TOqHOM CIT6ITpIT ar'y KOillKY ITMeHyIOT aMypCKITM ITJIIT
MaHbqmypCKITM JIeOnap,n;OBbIM KOTOM.
TOJIbKO na RnOHCKOM OCTpOBe llpITMOTO 06UTaIOT
CBOIT, OC06ble KOillKIT. llx TaK IT Ha3bIBaIOT - KOillKaMIT
llpUMOTO. STOT BIT,n; cymecrnye-r B nOJIHOM IT30JIRU;ITU
yxce OKOJIO 2 MITJIJIITOHOB JIeT. Konnca npercpacao rr.na
naer IT nOMITMO nTITU; IT rpbI3yHOB nITTaeTCR pbI60M IT
Kpa6aMIT. ,IJ;JIR COXpaHeHITR nora pezrxoro BIT,n;a RnOHU;bI
rrpeBpaTITJIIT <rac'rs OCTpOBa llpITMOTO B HaU;ITOHaJIbHbIM
napx,
ECTb euie O,n;ITH Haxo,n;R:W;ITMCR rrozr oxpanoii pe,n;KITM
BIT,n;. STO MpaMopHaR rconnca. Ha3BaHa OHa TaK no xa
parcrepnowry pI1CYHKY, KOTOpbIM o6pa3yIOT resrasre
nRTHa na nncype , CBoeM OKpaCKOM MpaMopHaR KOill
rca HeMHoro HanOMITHaeT .neonapna, ozraaxo paaraepsr
ee COBceM HeBeJIITKIT - OKOJIO nOJIyMeTpa. Bcrpeuaer
CR OT BOCTOqHbIX fITMaJIaeB no Bopaeo. OXOTITTCR na
rpbI3yHOB, nTITU;, MeJIKITX penTITJIITM.
O,n;ITH IT3 caxn.rx pezncnx IT MaJIO IT3Y'!eHHbIX BIT,n;OB
aH,n;CKaR xourxa, KaK IT cneztyer IT3 Ha3BaHITR, 06ITTaeT
B Anzrax na BbICOTe OKOJIO 3000 M nazt yponner-r MOpR.
BCTpeqaeTCR na TeppITTOpITIT IIepy, BOJIITBITIT , l.{ITJIIT :H
ceaepnoii ApreHTITHbI. I'ycraa ,n;JIITHHaR urepc-n, non
BOJIReT err nepenocn-n, cyponsn; ropHbIM KJIITMaT. AH,n;
CKaR xounca rrITTaeTCR rpbI3YHaMIT, B TOM qITCJIe nnm
illITJIJIaMIT •
~ KOUlKU Hpuscomo otiumaiom mOJlbKO 6.HnOltUU
20. CAMASI KPynHASI KOWKA MHPA
113 npencranarerren pozta Felis, TO eCTh c06CTBeHHO
rcomex, caMOM xpynnoii KOlllKOM M11pa .HBJI.HeTC.H asre
p11KaHCKa.H naarepa, OHa me nyraa, OHa me rOpHhIM JIeB,
OHa me rcyryap.
Orxyna B3.HJIOCh 3TO Ha3BaH11e? <PpaH:O;Y3CK11M 6110
.aor JKopm JIeKJIepK zre BIOCPCPOH CTOJIKHyJIC.H B 3arr11C
rcax nexoero rroprvr-ansua C Tpy,n:Horrp0113HOC11MhIM
CJIOBOM «xvr-yaxyapaaa » • TaK 3ByqaJIO Ha3BaH11e nan
TephI na .H3hIKe oztaoro 113 MeCTHhIX rtnesren 11H,n:eM:o;eB.
BIO(PCPOH COKpaTHJI ero zto «xyr-yapae .
,I:(JI11Ha 3TOM KOlllK11 nepeznco rrpeasnnae-r 1,5 M,
,n:JI11Ha ee KJIhIKOB ,n:OCTHraeT nopoii 4 CM. Tlyraa He
MHoro HarrOM11HaeT narrrepv, XOT.H 60JIee rpa:O;1103
na, IlYMhI 113 TpOrr11qeCKHX paMOHOB 06hIQHO psrxcae,
a 113 cenepmax - cepsrx TOHOB. JK11BOT 60JIee CBeTJIhIM,
XBOCT-6aJIaHCIfp ,n:JIIfHHhIM, TeMHhIM; Mop,n:a11 nozttiopo
,n:OK 11MeIOT 6eJIOBaTylO oxpacrcy If nepnsre OTMeT11HhI.
Apearr 06IfTaH11.H rrpOCT11paeTC.H OT Kaaansr no rora IOm
HOM AMepIfKIf.
Kyr-yap - He TOJIhKO CaMa.H rcpyrmaa rcounca B pozry
Felis, HO If CaMa.H CIfJIbHa.H. Mozcer npsrr-ayrr, B BhICO
Ty MeTpoB na rra-rs. Crrocofina rrporaunrn, na uapazmoe
paCCTO.HHIfe y6HTylO JIOIIIa,n:b. XOT.H, anpovexr , rrYMbI
06bIQHO rr11TaIOTC.H OJIeH.HMIf. Y6IfBalOT 11X, rrpsn-aa
C nepena, O,n:HIfM yKyCOM B IIIelO. BbIBaJIIf CJIYQa11 Ha
naztemra rcyr-yapon 11 na JIIO,n:eM. He y,n:IfBIfTeJIhHO, QTO
B HaQaJIe XX nexa rrYMbI, 06IfTaBIII11e na reppnropna
HeKOTopbIX IIITaTOB ClllA, 6bIJIIf rrOJIHOCTblO IfCTpe6JIe
HbI. A xcam.. JKYTKIfe paCCKa3bI 0 xyryapax - y6IfM
uax JIIO,n:eM CIfJIbHO rrpeyne.morem,r. Harrpnraep, sepo
.HTHOCTh rrorIf6HyTh OT yztapa MOJIHIfeM B 650 pas BblIIIe,
QeM OT 3y60B rcyryapa. 3a CTO JIeT B Kanane If CIllA ncero
15 qeJIOBeK rrornfino OT xor-reti rcyryapoa, a JIIO,n:11 aa
CTpeJIIfJI11 aocesrszrecar TbIC.HQ orpOMHbIX xourex.
JIylrW - ca.uan tcpunnasi OUlcaJlICOUllCa Ameputcu ~
21.
22. nPABAA 0 PbIC14
113 KHM.iKKM B KHM.iKKY KO"LIyeT yr aepacnea ae, "LITO
BCTpe"LIa C PhIChlO B .necy MO.iKeT 6hITh orracnoii ,n;JIR "LIe
JIOBeKa. KOBapHhIM aaeps rrpR"LIeTCR B BeTBRX zrepesa,
MO.iKeT BHe3arrHO np srr-n yrr, na rrJIe"LIM M BOH3MThCR
KJIhIKaMM B utero ... Ha caMOM zre.ne B TaKMX paccrcaaax
HeT HM CJIOBa npaarn,r. l..{ TO »ce na caMOM zre.ne H3BeCTHO
o phICH?
PhICh -,n;aJIhHRR poncraeaaarra HaIIIMX ,n;OMaIIIHMX
MypJIhIK. OHa OTHOCHTCR K pozty Felis M RBJIReTCR caMoM
rcpyrmoii ,n;MKOM KOIIIKOii B Esporre. B Ceaepnoii AMe
pmce BO,n;RTCR CBOH phICH, O"LIeHh rrOXO.iKHe na HaIIIMX,
HO na <lTOM.iKe KOHTHHeHTe BCTpe"LIaeTCR M rryxra, a OHa
TO.iKe H3 pozra Felis . TaK "LITO p srct., BCTpe"LIalOI.I.J;aRCR
B ropax Tlupeneficxoro norryoc'rpona, B CKaH,n;HHa
BMH, <PHHJIRH,n;MM, IIOJIhIIIe, l..{exOCJIOBaKMH, Berrr
pHM, PyMhIHMM, IOrOCJIaBHM, I'peunn H rrO"LITH na BceM
TeppMTOpl-HI POCCMM, ,n;eMCTBMTeJIhHO RBJIReTCR caMoii
60JIhIIIOii ,n;MKOii KOlliKOM Eaporrsr. BOJIee 'roro , <lTO H
caxaa «cesepaaa >) ,n;MKaR KOIIIKa; MeCTaMM OHa BCTpe
"LIaeTCR ztaxce aa IIOJIRPHhIM rcpyrosr. Paasrept,r, CMJIa M
23. nPABAA 0 PbIC~ 23
BbIHOC31IiBOCTb PbICIi Brre-qaT31RIOT. ,D;JIIiHa e e TY310BIi~a
-qaCTO npeasmraer OP;IiH MeTp, a Macca rropoii zrocrnraer
30 xr. MaKCIiMa31bHaR p;31IiHa ee rrpbDKKOB P;OXOP;IiT no
3,5 Ii ztaxce 4 MeTpOB . C MeCTa , 6e3 paafiera, PbICb MO
meT npsrrny'n, nsepx n a zrsa C rr0310BI-IHOH: MeTpa. PbICb
XOpOIIIO rrnaaaer Ii cone purae r nepexozrsr.
p;31IiTe31bHble
B 1939 r. PbICI1 rrpOHI1K31Ii Ii3 CI16IiPIi aa KaM-qaTK Y Ii
x epea rrapy p;eCRTI131eTI1H: 3aCe31I131Ii sees no.nyocrpos.
PbICb OXOTIiTCR B OCHOBHOM aa 3aJ:iIJ;eB 11 Me31KIiX rpsr
3yHOB, 310BI1T TeTepeBI1HbIX rrTIiIJ;, XOTR MomeT cnpamrrs
CR 11 C xpynnoii p;06bI-qeH:. PbICb B COCTORHIiI1 aarpsrari,
KOCy31ID, e H OT o B I1p;H y IO cofiaxy Ii ztaxce rrRTHI1CToro
I1JII1 cesepaoro OJIeHR. C TaKI1MI1 KorrbITHbIMI1 eH: .nerve
CrrpaB31RTbCR 3IiMOH:. IIII1poKI1e .narrsr PbICI1 zrepaca'r ee
na cner-y, cner CTaHOBI1TCR
a BOT P;31R 031eHeH r31y60KI1H
B npanuarre, PbICb MOr31a 6bI cnpanm-sca Ii
310B yWKOH:.
C aesoopyxceamare -qeJIOBeKOM, ozraaxo C31Y'!aI1 nanazre
HI1R PbICIi na -qe310BeKa HeI13BeCTHbI.
PaCCKa3bI 0 HIiX - He 6031ee -qeM BbI
p;yMKa. B031ee roro: PbICb nezrer p;OCTa
TO-qHO CKPbITHbIH 06pa3 mIi3HIi, Ii yan
p;eTb ee B 31ecy - 6031bIIIaR pep;KOCTb •
Puc» - xpunneiuuan
OU 1CaR 1COW1Ca Eeponei
24. nOPOAbl KOU.lEK
CneD;HaJIHCTbI no,n;CtIHTaJIH, tITO K KOHD;y XX sexa
na naureii rr.nanere 06HTaJIO OKOJIO 400 MHJIJIMOHOB KO
nrerc. Ozmarco ,n;aJIeKO He ncex M3 HMX MOJKHO OTHeCTH K
TOll MJIM MHOll nopozte, Bcero JKe STMX nopozr orracano
OKOJIO 80. BOJIee TOtIHyIO uarppy Ha3BaTb HeJIb3JI. ,IJ;eJIo
B TOM, tITO He ace CneD;MaJIMCThI npM3HaIOT r'e MJIM nnsre
noponsr. ,IJ;JIJI Toro tITo6bI nopozra ofiperra OepHD;MaJIbHbIll
craryc, ee ,n;OJIJKHa aaper-acrpnpoaa-n, oznra H3 MeJK,n;yHa
P0,ll;HbIX opranaaanan, 06JI8,ll;aIO:I.IIMX TaKMMM npaaasrn.
KpynHellIllell H3 HMX JIBJIReTCJI AccoD;MaD;MR JII06HTeJIell
KOIlleK. OHa B03HMKJIa B 1906 r. B HaCTOR:I.IIee BpeMJI STa
E eponeiictcast
xopomxoiuepcmnasi
KOWKa
25. nOPOAbl KOWEK 25
AccoU;MaU;MR 06'be,n:MHRe'r «ROIlIa"tIbM RJIy6bI» CIlIA, Ka
aazrsr, IOiKHOll AMepMRM, Esponsr M .HrroHMM.
He MeHee COJIM,n:HbIM BeCOM 06JIa,n:aeT BpMTaHcRMll
a,n:MMHMcTpaTMBHbIll COBeT JIl06MTeJIell KOIlIeR. OH B03
HMR B 1910 r. M MMeeT epMJIMaJIbI B IOAP, HOBOll 3eJIaH
,n:MM M ABCTpaJIMM. KpyrrHellIlIell accouaarraea B MMpe
RBJIReTCR Meacnyuapoznraa epeJIMHOJIOrM"tIeCRaR opra
HM3aU;MR. HaM60JIee MOJIo,n:aR - Meacnynaponaaa ac
COU;MaU;MR JIl06MTeJIell ROIlIeR. OHa aaxana CBOIO patio
ry JIMIlIb B 1979 r.
,II;eJI y TaRMX accouaairaii XBaTaeT, Be,n:b pafiora rro
C03,n:aH11IO HOBbIX nopozt ROIlIeR rrpono.nacaerca. KaK xce
B03HMRaIOT 3'1'11 nopozrsr?
He60JIbIlIaR MX "tIaCTb (TaR naasmaeresre afiopnren
Hble nopozrsr) B03HMKJIa 6JIaro,n:ap51 eCTeCTBeHHoMy rrpo
neccy 3BOJIIOU;M11 He60JIbIlIMX rpyrm KOIlIeR, 06MTaBIlIMX
,n:JIMTeJIbHOe BpeMR na M30JIMpOBaHHblx TeppMTopMRX.
B Ra"tIeCTBe npnxepa MOiKHO yrroMRHyTb OCTpOBHble rro
pozrsr C KOpOTKMMM XBOCTaMM - nanparaep, RrrOHCKMX
606TellJIOB.
26. 26 KOWK~
OCTaJIhHbIe nopoztsr, a IIX 60JIhIlIIIHCTBO, rrOHBIIJIIiCh
B pe3YJIhTaTe C03HaTeJIhHO:H CeJIeRII;IIOHHO:H rrJIeMeHHO:H
pa60ThI. HeCMOTpH aa ,[(OJIryIO IICTOpliIO B3aIIMo,[(e:H
CTBIIH ,[(OMaIlIHe:H ROIlIRII C 'IeJIOBeROM, TaRaH CeJIeR
II;IIH Ha'IaJIaCh JIIIIlIh B XIX serce . .D:ocTaTO'IHO CRa3aTh,
'ITO nepnaa oepIIII;IIaJIhHaH BhlCTaBRa rropozt ROIlIeR CO
CTOHJIaCh B 1871 r. B BeJIIIR06pIITaHMII. HaCTOHW;II:H
me 6yM C03,[(aHIiH HOBhlX nopon ROIlIeR HacTyrrIIJI JIIIIlIh
B XX sexe, rrpII'IeM B Te'IeHIIe aroro OTpe3Ra BpeMeHM
CeJIeRII;IIOHephl BhlBeJIIi 60JIhIlIe lIOP0,[( ROIlIeR, 'IeM MX
B03HIIRJIO aa BCIO npeznazrynryro IICTOpIiIO.
K MOMeHTy rrpOBe,[(eHIIH yrroMHHyTO:H BhIIlIe nepaoii
BhICTaBRM nopozi ROIlIeR rappMCOHOM YS:HPOM 6hlJIli
paspafio'ransr RpMTepMM, naacnsre ,[(JIH OTIIiCaHMH rropo
,[(bI. 3HaTORM IICTOPIIM ROIlIeR Ha3hIBaIOT YS:Hpa He IIHa
-re RaR « BeJIMRIIM OTII;OM epeJIMHOJIOrMII », nezn, IIMeHHO
KOUllW nepcuiictcoii nopoou
27. KOUJIW nopoou 6ypMU Jl Jla
OH 6blJI OCHOBOrrOJIOmHIIKOM scex CTaH,n;apTOB II nsrcra
BOqHblX rrpaBIIJI.
B HaIlIII ,n;HII CrreI..I,IIaJIIICTbl HaCqIITblBalOT no ,n;eBET
Ha,n;I..I,aTII HaCJIe,n;CTBeHHblX rrpII3HaKOB, xoropsre rrrpa
lOT CYI.I.J;eCTBeHHylO POJIb ,n;JIE nozmepacanaaaa cranztap
Ta TOil: IIJIII IIHOil: nopozrsr xourerc. "YMeCTHO HarrOMHIITb,
qTO nopozron naasraaro r rpyrrrry KOIlIeK, IIMelOI.I.J;IIX 06
I.I.J;ee nponcxoacneuae II cxozrasre rrpII3HaKII, xo ropsre
cTa6IIJIbHO rrepezraro'rca B pazry rrOKOJIeHIIil: . B rrepayro
ouepezts STO TaK naasmaesrsre CTaTII - cPopMa rOJIO
Bbl, TeJIa, KOHeqHOCTeH, XBOCTa II xaparcrep IlIepCTH
noro norcpona. U;BeT IlIepCTII, ee ,n;JIIIHa, pacno.noxcenrre
II cPopMa rraren nrparo'r ,n;JIH orrpezrenenna nopozrsr He
xenee aaxcayro pOJIb .
IIpII STOM nazro yqIITblBaTb, qTO TOT IIJIII IIHOil: I..I,Be'r
naorna rrpOHBJIHeTCH TOJIbKO B BII,n;e OTMeTIIH na KOHI..I,e
BblX yxacncax TeJIa KOiliKII, II STO rrpOHBJIeHIIe 3aBIICIIT
OT reraneparvpsr, npn KOTOpOil: rrpOIIcxo,n;IIJIO cPOpMII
pOBaHIIeOKpaca.KopoqerOBOpH,6~TbCrreI..I,IIaJIIICTOM,
,n;OCKOHaJIbHO pa36IIpalOI.I.J;IIMCH BO scex TOHKOCTHX orr
pe,n;eJIeHIIH nopozt KOIlIeK, HerrpOCTO.
28. A6uCCUHCIWJt KOlWW
CEKPETblOKPACA
(otcpac - pyiJiJu)
OKpaChI KOilIeK nOpaJKaIOT
pa3HOo6pa3HeM. BhIBaIOT KOilI
KH xepm.re H 6eJIhle, KOpHqHe
nsre H ro.nytisre. IIRTHHCThle H
MyapoBhle KOilIKH, .n;ByX:O;BeT
Hhle H TpeX:O;BeTHhle ... Orrcyna
6epeTCR STO paaxoofipaane?
YqeHhle BhIRCHHJIH, qTO
OKpaC urepcr a orrpene.naerca
.n;ByMR KpaCR:ll.I;HMH BeI:o;eCT
BaMH - nHrMeHTaMH. IIep
BhIll Ha3hIBaeTCR syMe JIaHH
HOM H orrpezre.nae-r qepHhIll H
KOpHqHeBhIll OTTeHKH nrepc'rn.
BTOpOll Ha3hIBaeTCR rpeovrerra
HHHOM.IIM 06JIa.n;aIOT KOilIKH C
urepcrsro KpaCHhIX H JKeJIThIX
OTTeHKOB. BaJKHO TaKJKe pac
npezte.neaae STHX .n;BYX rrnr
M eHTOB no .n;JIHHe BOJIOca.
Atiuccuncxan K OWKa
(o tcpac - eon utian )
29. CEKPETblOKPACA 29
Y )];HKHX aeppHKaHCKHX xourex aa Kam)];OM BOJIOCe
xepasre HJIH KOpHqHeBbIe 30HbI xepezryro-rca C meJITbI
MH H pbImHMH nO.HCKaMH pa3JIHqHbIX OTTeHKOB. B pe
3YJIbTaTe B03HHKaeT TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIH THKHHr-3epepeKT
(aHrJI. ticking - «nOJIOCaTa.H MaTepH.H»). KOJIHqeCTBO
TaKHX yqaCTKOB sapsnpyerca 0'1' 4 )];0 7-10. Macr-ae no
P0)];bI )];OMaIlIHHX xourerc COXpaHHJIH 3TY ocofiemroc'rs.
Bnaronapa 3TOMy HX IIIepCTb HMeeT xaparcrepasrjr Mya
POBbIH pHCyHOK - oicpac Te66H (anrJI. tabby - «Myap» ).
TaKOH orcpac THnHqeH, narrpmaep, )];JI.H a6HCCHHCKHX
xornex. BapHaHTaMH Te66H-oKpaca .HBJI.HIOTC.H no.noca
Ta.H, xparrsaraa H MpaMOpHa.H paCII,BeTKH. ITPH 3TOM
OTTeHKH IIIepCTH MoryT 6bITb pa3JIHqHbI. Y HeKOTopbIX
-,
nopozr OKpaCRa Te66H npO.HBJI.HeTC.H TOJIbKO na TaK na
3bIBaeMbIX nOHHTax - na MOp)];e, yurax , KOHeqHOCT.HX
H aa XBOCTe (aHrJI. point - «KOHqHK '), «oKOHqaHHe,».
HMeHHo TaK OKpaIIIeHbI CHaMCKHe KOiliKH.
ITPH OTCyTCTBHH THKHHr-3epepeKTa Kam)];bIH BOJIOCOK
IlIepCTH HMeeT paanoxrepnyro H O)];HOTOHHyIO OKpaCKY .
B pe3YJIbTaTe B03HllKaIOT TaK aaasmaesrsre CIIJIOIIIHbIe
OKpaCbI - qepHbIH, rOJIy60H, IIIOKOJIa;J;HbIH, II,llHHaMOH
(II,BeT KOpHII,bI), JIllJIOBbIH, rpaan (aHrJI. fawn - «6e-
Ameputcancicue 6ypJltanCKU e KOUtKU
31. CEKPETbl OKPACA 31
BUpJfWfl CIWJl K OlU lW
(OKpaC - cu.n-no u n m ) ,
KOm eflOK (O Kp aC
iuotconaincui: noiinm )
B eu eanscsasi
tcopomicoiu epcmnan
K OlU K a (6ypblU
u pauopn eu; oicpac )
BOM6euCKaJl KOlUKa
( CnJlOlUltOU
«epnuu: oicpac )
32. SACTEr
ECJIH BaM rrOCl:laCTJIHBHTC5I nofisrearr, B Er-nrrre, BhI
HaBepH5IKa 06paTHTe BHHMaHHe na q:mrYPKH KOIJleK, KO
ropsre rrpOp;aIOTC5I B MHOrOlJHCJIeHHhIX cyBempHhIX JIaB
xax. Hcrcycnsre MaCTepa BhIpe3aIOT HX H3 Te~1HO-Ceporo,
rrOl:lTH xepnor-o 06CHp;HaHa H H3 tie.noro, CBeT5Iru;erOCH_____
--------
B TeMHOTe anetiacrpa, 8TH H306pameHH5I - rraM5ITh 06
or-povnon pOJIH, KOTOpyIO HrpaJIH KOIJlKH B crpaae epa
paOHOB.
Erne aa l:leThIpe ThIC5IlJH JIeT no HaIJleH apsr 3 eM
JIep;eJIhIJ;bI ErHIITa C06HpaJIH 60raThIe ypoxcan aep
na, Oztnaxo aepeztrco 60JIhIJlYIO l:laCTh IIpHIIaCOB
YHHl:lTOmaJIH MhIIJlH H KphIChI.
8TH rphI3YHhI 6hIJIl1 HaCT05lru;l1M
6ep; CTBl1eM CTpaHhI. CIIpaBl1ThC5I
C Hl1MH IIOMOrJIl1 KOIJlKl1 . B TO
zranexoe BpeM5I na CBeTe eure He
cyru;eCTBOBaJIO IIpl1BhIl:lHhIX HaM
« ycaThIX - IIOJIOCaThIX » p;OMaIJlHl1X
KOIJleK. 3aTO na repprrropna Arp
pmcn, B Hy6Hl1, BOP;l1JIl1Ch p;l1KHe
CTeIIHhIe KOIJlKl1. KCTaTH, 3TOT
Bl1P; KOIJleK 6JI arOrrOJIyl:lHO p;oml1JI
P;O HaIJlHX p;HeH.
lIMeHHo TaKHX psiaceaaro-ce
psrx KOIJleK C IIeCl:laHhIM, meJITOBa
ro -cepsne HJIH TeMHo-cephIM OT
TeHKOM IJlepCTH zrpenaae erHIIT5IHe
rrpl1Be3JIH B CBOIO crpany H3 Hy61111
BMeCTe C p;pyrl1MH BoeHHhIMl1 TpO
epe5lMl1: pafiaxra, 30JIOTOM 11 CJIO
HOBOH KOCThIO. Cpeznr Hap;rrl1CeH B
rrapasnrnax rpapacuoa V H VI P;H
HacTHH (OKOJIO 2700 r. no H . 3.) yxce
Cocy iJ C KPblUlICOU
BC Tpel:laIOTC5I neporJIHephI CO anane
6 euoe ZOJl06 bl K OUl K U
HHeM «KOIJlKa ».
KOUlI<a - C6Jl ~ e H H Oe J/CUB o m H oe Ilp eeu e zo E eunma ~
33.
34. 34 KOWKH
B ,1J;peBHeM Er11nTe xounca CTaJIa CB.H:w;eHHbIM m11
BOTHbIM, OXpaH11TeJIbH1111,eil ypoxcaa 11 ,n;OMalliHerO
oxara. Eure 6bI! Bezn, no no,n;CqeTaM COBpeMeHHbIX
cnell,11aJI11CTOB ozma KOlIIKa, OXOT.HCb na MbIlIIeil, cna
caer OT H11X B rozt zto 10 TOHH aepna! He y,n;11B11TeJIbHO,
qTO ztpenrrae er11nT.HHe yCTynaJI11 xormcavr ziopor-y aa
Kouuca nopoin«
eeunemctcast May
35. 6ACTET 35
vnnuax H CTpOHJIH ,n;JIR HHX xparasr. Y6HHCTBO KOiliKH
KapaJIOCb CMepTbIO.
06 STOM 06blt.Iae Y3HaJI nepcancxari naps KaM6H3.
B 525 r. zto H. 3. B 6HTBe C BOHCKaMH er-anercxoro epa
paona IIcaMaHHHTa OH rrpHMeHHJI BoeHHyIO XHTpOCTb.
Tlepasre IIIepeHrH HacTyrraIOI..IJ,HX nepcos rrO,n;HRJIH rre
pezr C060H KOIIIeK, H erarrercxae JIyt.IHHKH He CMOrJIH
CTpeJIRTb rro aparasr. OHH 60.lIJIHCb nonacrs B CBRI..IJ,eH
HbIX mHBOTHbIX!
IIocJIe KOHt.IHHbI KOiliKH OT CTapOCTH ee BJIa,n;eJIbIl,bI
norpyacanncs B rpayp - 06pe3aJIH ce6e BOJIOCbI H BbI
6pHBaJIH 6pOBH. IIocJIe CMepTH KOIIIKy, KaK H rpapao
HOB, MyMHqmIl,HpOBaJIH. Cosperaenmae HCCJIe,n;OBaTeJIH
36. 36 KOWK~
o6HapyJKHJIH IJ,eJIbIe KJIa,n;61IIIJ,a, COCTO.HIIJ,lIe Il3 xorna
qbHX MyMlIH. Cxer lIX nre.n na COTHli TbIC.Hq!
BorIlHIO COJIHIJ,a, panocr a II llJIO,n;OPO,n;lI.H B Er-an
re Ha3bIBaJIli BaCTeT 1I Il306paJKaJIIl C rOJIOBOH xorn
xn , 3HaMeHlITa.H « Knnr-a MepTBbIX » paCCKa3bIBaeT,
qTO cvnpyr BaCTeT - 60r COJIHIJ,a Pa - rcaxczryro HOqb
llJIbIBeT no nonaexmoray HIlJIY, qTo6bI BepHyTbC.H yTpOM
K TOqRe aocxozta. KOBapHbIH 3M en: Anon, JKeJIa.H nor-y
61ITb fiora COJIHIJ,a, rrsrraerca BbIIIlITb Il3 pexn BCIO sozry.
H 306p a JICe HUe
ezu ne mc ico ii 60 2UHU Bacmem
8 euo e ICOU1ICU
37. 6ACTET 37
Tor-zra Pa npespanrae-rca B BeJU1ROrO PhDKerO KOTa
II orpesaer 3Mew rOJIOBy.
B BOCTOqHOll xacrn ,n;eJIhThI Ha.na B,n:peBHeM Er -arrre
6hIJI paCnOJIOmeH ropozt Bytiacrnc, rne 60rllHR BaCTeT
no-raranacs ocooo. B rJIaBHOM CBR'rllJU1.w;e Bytiacrnca
CTORJIa ee OrpOMHaR crarya. Bo BpeMR BeCeHHllX npas
,n;HllROB ee BhIHOCliJIli 113 xpaxra II npOB0311JIli B,n;OJIh 6e
peron Huna na cnennansnoii JIO,n;Re.
KyJIbT ROIlieR B Er'nrrre npo,n;OJImaJICR 60JIee ,n;BYX ThI
CHQeJIeTlill II oqnmaam.ao 6hIJI OTMeHeH JIllIlih B 390 r.
,n;o H. 3.,n:O aroro BpeMeHII BbIB03 ROIlieR 113 CTpaHhI 6hIJI
aarrpenien. O,n;HaRO nOCTeneHHO onoraanmennsre ROIliRl1.
ace me CTaJIli rrponnxa-n, B llHhle 3eMJII1. B 1000 rozty zto
H.3. -repea OCTpOB KPl1.T onn nonarra B ,n:peBHI111 Pl1.M,
a 3aTeM nOCTeneHHO aacerrana Eaporry. B IV sexe no H.3.
ztoxraumax ROIlieR 3aBe3JIli B HH,n;ll1O, a BeR cnYCTR onn
ORa3aJIliCh yxce aa 'reppn'ropnn KliTaR.
-*'
38. KOWKIf1 BAPEBHEM PIf1ME
IToMHlITe eplIJIbM rrpo xpacaanuy Kneorrarpy? OH,
B LIaCTHOCTlI, paCCKa3bIBaeT 0 TOM, LITO ztpeanne PlIMJI.H
He 3aBOeBaJIlI Er-nrre'r II OTHOCliJIlICb K 3Torr c r p a a e KaK
K caoeii XJIe6HOrr mliTHlIlJ,e. OHlI OTMeHlIJIlI aanper na
BbIB03 KOIIIeK lI3 CTpaHbI epapaOHOB II CTaJIlI pa3B03lITb
lIX rro 06IIIlIpHorr repparopna csoen lIMrreplIlI . A npccrn
panacs OHa B ee JIyt.rIIIlIe apexrena 0'1' Manoii A3lIlI zto rep
paropna cospereenaoa <PpaHlJ,lIlI II BeJIlIK06plITaHlIlI.
B KOHlJ,e IV sexa plIMcKlIrr nacarens Ilan.ranayc
COB e T OB a JI B 60pb6e C MbIIIIaMlI II KpOTaMlI 3aMeH.HTb
ztovrarnnero xopsrca II rcyanny KOIIIKorr. B PlIMcKorr
lIMrreplIlI ,ll;0 rrO.HBJIeHlI.H KOIIIeK ,ll;JI.H 60Pb6bI C rpsray
HaMlI rrplIMeH.HJIlI TaKme 3Merr II JIaCOK, O,ll;HaKO OHlI
He O,ll;OMaIIIHlIBaJIlICb . Tlan.aazmvc rrpOCJIaBlIJIC.H B lIC
TOplIlI eI.IJ;e II TeM, LITO snepasre CTaJI Ha3bIBaTb KOIIIeK
CJIOBOM cattus - « K a T T Y C » . PaHhIIIe me ,ll;JI.H lIMeHO
BaHlI.H KOIIIeK lICrrOJIb30BaJIlI crapoe JIaTlIHCKoe CJIOBO
«cpeJIlIC » •
BMeCTe C PlIMCKlIMlI ner-aoaepasrn KOIIIKlI nonann
B raJIJIlIIO (repptrroprta coapesreaaoft <PpaHlJ,lIlI) II rep
MaHlIIO , 3aBOeBaJIlI BplITaHlIIO. Y mlITeJIerr IIIoTJIaH
,ll;lIlI KOIIIKa He TOJIbKO 6bIJIa xpaaa-re.m.aauen sepaa,
HO II ClIMBOJIlI3lIpOBaJIa BOlIHCTBeHHOCTb. ,n;o ClIX rrop
y IIIOTJIaH,ll;lJ,eB CJIOBO «KOT » 03HaLIaeT raroxe «xpa6
pblrr qeJIOBeK ». Mnor-ne repfisr B IIIoTJIaH,ll;lIlI yrcpaure
HbI lI306pameHlI.HMlI KOIIIeK.
KaK lI3BeCTHO, KOIIIKlI JII06.HT rYJI.HTh casm rro ce6e.
ITo cpaBHeHlIIO C c06aKaMlI, OHlI 60JIee COXpaHlIJIlI CBOIO
He3aBlIClIMOCTb 0'1' X03.HlIHa - LIeJIOBeKa. TaK 06CTOliT
zte.no reneps. TaK 6bIJIO II BO spesrena npesanx PlIMJI.HH.
IT03TOMY B plIMcKorr MlIepOJIOrlIlI KOIIIKa CJIymlIJIa ClIM
BOJIOM He3aBlIClIMOCTlI. KOIIIKy LIaCTO lI306pamaJIlI pa
,ll;OM C 60rlIHerr CB060,ll;bI JIlI6epTac . He CJIyLIarrHo BOm,ll;b
BOCCTaBIIIlIX pa60B Cnaprax rrOMeCTlIJI 6poH30Boe lI306
paacenne KOIIIKlI na fioeaoe 3HaM.H CBOlIX OTp.H,ll;OB!
H 3 Ezunma KOWKU nona.nu na m eppumopuio Ilp eeneeo PUJ,ta ~
39.
40.
41. CPEAHEBEKOBASI KATACTPOcJ)A
IIoHa'IaJIy CM eHaR3hI'IeCTBa XPI1CTl1aHCTBOM B Espone
H e c YJII1JIa K OIlIK a M HI1'IerO rinoxo ro . OHI1 no-rrpexcaexry
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11 MhIIlII1HhIM llOrOJIOBheM. BOJIee roro, B KOHlI,e VI sexa
narra I'paropnii BeJII1KMll pa3peIlII1JI .n;epmaTh KOIlIeK
B MOH a CThlpRX. Ozmarco K KOHIJ;y VIII aerca uepxoas
llpMllOMHMJIa KOIlIKaM HX llOllyJIRpHOCTh Y R3hI'IHI1KOB.
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HaCTaJII1 xepmae .n;HI1.
B napozre IJ;epKOBhIO yrropno aacaacnanacs H.n;eI1 , 'ITO
KOIlIKI1 CBR3 aHhI C He'IHCTOH CI1JIOll, 'ITO Carana MomeT
llpI1HMMaTh 06pa3 'IepHOrO KOTa. KOIlIKM 6hIJIM llpM'II1C
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IlIeK . CYMepe'IHhIll 06pa3 mI13HI1, cnocofinoc'rs BM.n;eTh
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"Yme O.n;HO TO 06CTORTeJIhCTBO, 'ITO y 'IeJIOBeKa HMeJIaCh
KOIlIKa, B oco6eHHOCTM 'IepHOll MaCTM, .n;aBaJIO rroaozr
K 06BMHeHMIO ero B KOJI.n;OBCTBe. Hepeznco X03ReK 'IepHhIX
KOIlIeK Ka3HI1JIM BMeCTe C MX JII06MMIJ;aMH. IIOCKOJIhKY
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6hIe ae.nensre 06BMHeHMR , B KOTOphIX KOIlIKI1 BhICTYllaJII1
llpe.n;cTaBHTeJIRMM .n;hRBOJIhCKMX CI1JI .
O.n;HaKO He see M He neazre 6hIJIO CTOJIh llJIOXO. Tlpa
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pMM 6hIJIa KOIlIKa I1MeHHO TaKOll MaCTM . Ha CMIJ;HJII1M C'IH
4 Kouuca n opoiiu opu enmaneuasi
42. 42 KOWK~
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H OHH MOrJIH CBo6oP;HO paar-yzraaarr, rro scexry OCTPOBY.
o P;06pOM OTHOIlIeHHH npoc'ror'o JIIOp;a K xormcaxr,
rcoropoe He yp;aB3JIOCh BhITpaBHTh IJ,epKOBHhIM MpaKO
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B .H3hIKe rrOCJIOBHIJ;hI H noronopxn. Hanpnsrep, B I'epxia
HHH rOBOp.HT: «}TO rcomenxy notiser - ClIaCTb.H B .iKH3
HH He Haftp;eT ». ClIHTaJIOCb, lITO zteayunca, KOTOpa.H He
3a6oTHTC.H 0 xouncax B zioxre , 6yp;eT naxaaana fiecrtno
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rcourex, 06.H3aTeJIhHO Bblftp;yT 3aMy.iK aa xopomero lIeJIO
sexa. HOBo6palIHhIM na cnacrr,e p;apHJIH KOIIIKy. <PJIa
MaHp;IJ,hI BepHJIH - eCJIH MOJIOp;a.H p;eByIIIKa nacryrrar
na KomalIHft XBOCT. eft HH aa lITO He HaftTH My.iKa.
B Cpeiiu ue eetca
KOUlICY uacmo cuuma.nu
6 0 n JlOufe HUeM sn a
43. CPE,D.HEBEKOBAs:I KATACTPO<J>A 43
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Bo MHorllX cr pa u ax BepHT, qTO nepefiexcasmaa zropory
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ll36e.iKaTb HerrpllHTHOCTeH B :3TOM cn yxae - rrJIlOHYTb
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44. MAH3K~ H3KO
B 5IrroHHH KOUIKH rrORBHJIHCh B naxane VI aexa, Hx
3aBe3JIH H3 KHTaR. BHalIaJIe OHH cozrepxcanact, TOJIhKO
B ,n;OMax anoncrcojt 3HaTH. KOUIKa, BhlpaIIJ;eHHaR B HM
neparopcrcosr ,n;BOpIJ;e, ClIHTaJIaCh aecs sra ztopor'me H
IJ;eHHhIM rroztapxovr. HalIHHaR C XUI serca, y KOUIeK B
5IrroHHH rrORBHJIaCh Heo6hIlIHaR panora. ,IJ,eJIo B TOM, lITO
B no BpeMR B crpane 6hIJIO paasepavro rrpOH3Bo,n;CTBO
UIeJIKa. KaK H3BeCTHO, ,n;eJIaJIH ero, pa3MaThIBaR KOKO
HhI rvcenan - TaK Ha3hIBaeMhIX UIeJIKOBHlIHhIX xepaeii.
A HMH 6hIJIH COBceM He rrponr, rrOJIaKOMHThCR MhIUIH.
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peUIHJIH, lITO ,n;JIR orrryr-ananna MhIUIeH 6y,n;eT ,n;OCTaTOlI
HO H306pameHHR KOUIeK. O,n;HaKO MhIUIell 3TH KapTHHKH
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JIH mHTh He TOJIhKO aa CTeHaMH ,n;BOPIJ;OB.
B COBpeMeHHOH 5IrroHHH B BHTpHHax MHorHX Mara3H
HOB BhICTaBJIeHhI cPHrypKH KOTa C rro,n;HRTOH .aarroii. 8TO
MaH3KH H3KO - B nepenozre C arroncxoro «MaHRIIJ;HH
KOT ». Ero »cecr KaK 6hI 3aMaHHBaeT noxyrra-rerreji 3aH-
45. MAH3KH H3KO 45
'I'M B JIaBO~KY H c,n;eJIaTb IIOKyIIKM.
IToRBJIeHHe8TorOCHMBOJIaCBR3aHO
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pas n<HJIa B 3a6pOllIeHHOM xpavre.
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6JIMn<aMllIYro noporv, Ca,ll.MThCR na
aaznnre JIaIIhI M IIoAHHMaTb JIaIIKy,
KaK 6bI B 3HaK IIpHBeTcTBHR. JIroAH,
Y3HaB 0 CTOJIh He06bI~HOll KOllIKe,
IIOTRHyJIMCh K xpaxry, ~T06bI IIOC
MO Tpe Tb CBOHMM rJIa3aMH na 8'1'0
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B 5IIIOHHH qmrypKa KOllIKM C IIOAHR
TOll rrepemreji JIaIIOM C~MTaeTCR T a
JIMCMaHOM, CIIoc06HbIM IIpHMaHMTb
cvac'n,e, yzra-ry M KJIMeHTOB. KTOMy
n<e M3AaBHa B 5IIIOHHH cymecrnoaa
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B AOM MJIH Mara3HH, OH «HaMbIBaeT »
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46. 46 KOWKl1
HMe KOTa C rrO,n;H.HTOH JIarrKOH, KOTOpOH OH rOTOB HallaTb
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llI1 B HrrOHMI1 BO BTOPOH XVIII nexa.
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H3KO. OHM OTJII1llaIOTC.H II;BeTOM M CB OI1 M I1 meCTaMM.
IIo,n;H.HTa.H JI e B a .H .nana 3 a3hIBaeT rrorcynarenen 11rOCTeH.
T.IeM BhlIIIe OHa nonnara, TeM CMJIhHee rrpnasm. IIo,n;H.H
Ta.H rrpasaa rrana nparaaaaaaer ,n;eHbrM 11 yzrasry. Haorzra
nozt STY .namcy qmrYPKM rro,n;KJIa,D;hIBaIOT nave-ncy nrpy
IIIellHhIX 6yMamHbIX zteaer. MOHeTKa B .nane KOTa .HBJI.H
eTC.H CI1MBOJIOM epI1HaHCOBbIX ycrrexoa. 06hIllHO 3Ta MO
ne'ra I1MeeT diopxry SJIJIMrrCa - I1MeHHO TaKI1e MOHeTKI1
lleKaHMJIaChBHrrOHI1I1 C 1592 rro 1871 r. Ha3bIBaJIaChMO
HeTKa Ko6aHI1 11BeCMJIa OKOJIO 18 r. H306pameHMe PhI6hI
B .nane KOTa CYJII1T rrpOII;BeTaHMe. 06e rrozma-rsre anepx
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Ty M ,n;o6po,n;eTeJIhHOCTh, llepHhIH - npeztoxpauae'r OT
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48. 48 KOWKW
P030BhIH MJIH KpaCHhIH KOT CB.H3aH C
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co 3,n;OpOBheM H mror-na C y-qeHOCThIO.
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KOlliKH C TaKHM OKpaCOM BCTpel.J:aIOT
C.H B .HnoHHH Hel.J:aCTO.
JII060nhITHO, '-ITO cztenan asre na
8KCnOpT MaH8KH H8KO nOKa3hIBaIOT
CmapUHI-We
3pHTeJI.HM ThIJIhHYIO CTOpOHy caoeji
u 306paJICeHU e
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M aH3KU H 3KO
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Tpanuuaounsre .HnOHCKHe MaH8KM
H8KO zrepxcar .narrrcy JIa,n;OHhIO K 3pHTeJIIO - .lKeCT, 60
.nee Tpa,n;H~HoHHhIllaa BOCTOKe.
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BaJIM KOTaM OlliellHHKH C KOJIOKOJIhl.J:MKaMM, no 3ByKy
KOTOphIX OHH MOrJIH naxozra'rr, CBOMX JII06MM~eB. Te
rreps MaJIeHhKMe KOJIOKOJIhl.J:HKM na xpacnoa JIeHTOl.J:Ke
l.J:aCTO MO.IKHO yBH,n;eTh H na epHrYPKax MaH8KM H8KO.
ECJIH n03BOHMTh B TaKoll KOJIOKOJIhl.J:MK, ynaxa 06.H3a
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spozre MaJIeHhKOro rpapry-nca. ,I:(eJIo B TOM, l.J:TO B cpen
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npMBeTCTBOBaJIa B'he3.IKaIO~MX B xpara rpeonanos. 3a
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MaH8KM H8KO KaK 6hI OXpaH.HJI .lKM3Hh BHOBh npM6hIB
IIIMX roc'reii.
49. nO~EMY Y KOWEK B TEMHOTE rllA3ACBETSlTCSI?
KOIIIaqlIH rJIa3 - y ,lJ,IIB IIT e JI h H Oe TBOpeHlIe npnpozn.r!
OCTpOe ap enne KOIIIeK, IIX CnOC06HOCTh BII,lJ,eTh nOqTII
B TeMHOTe, JI lO ,lJ,1I OTMeTIIJIII ,lJ,aBHO. He CJIyqaHHO ztpes
nne e r' n rr r a a e Ha3hIBaJIlI KOIIIeK «May » , qTO B nepenozte
oaaaxaer - « 3 P H q IIH» . KOIIIKaM qaCTO npIIXO,lJ,H:TCH OXo
T H:T h CH B eyraeprcax, a TO H: no-n.ro. He y ,lJ,H:B H:T eJIh H O , qTO
H:X r JIa3a npH:cnOC06JIeHhI OT JIH:qHO patiorarr, H:MeHHO npn
T aKOM, oxem, CJIa60M OCBeru;eHIIII.
50. 50 KOWKl-1
Y rcorrrex He carasre OOJIbIII11e r JIa3a IIO cpaBHeH11IO
C KPYIIHbIM11 JK11BOTHbIM11. O,n;HaKO eCJI11 BbI'I11CJI11Tb 11X
OTHOC11TeJIbHbIe paaxrepsr, OKaJKeTC~, 'ITO y xonrex r.na
3a caxrsre OOJIbIII11e 113 ncex MJIeKOII11TaIOrn;11X!
IIOCMoTp11Te aa pazryacrryro OOOJIO'IKy KOIIIa'IberO
r.naaa. Ha cnery 3pa'IOK BbIT~HYT, 11MeeT rpopsry 3JIJI11II
ca C OCTpbIM11 Kpa~M11 11JI11 ,n;BYX COBMern;eHHbIX IIOJIy
MeC~IJ;eB. He CJIy'IaHHO KOIIIKa BO MHOr11X crpanax B
,n;peBHOCT11 aCCOIJ;1111pOBaJIaCb C JIyHOH. JIIO,n;11 C'I11TaJI11,
'ITO CIIOCOOHOCTb KOIIIKI1 MeH~Tb rpopwry apasnca CI1MBO
JII13I1pyeT I13MeHeHI1e epOPMbI JIYHhI na HeOOCBo,n;e.
B TeMHOTe KOIIIa'Ib~ pazryxcxa IIII1pOKO pacrcpsr
BaeTC~. ,IJ;I1aMeTp OTBepCTI1~ apaxxa, xepea KOTOphIH
IIpOXO,n;I1T CJIaObIH CBeT, ,n;OCTI1raeT IIpI1 3TOM IIO'ITI1
Kpynlibte ZJta3a
xapatcmepnasi ocotiennocrnu «oiueic
51. nO~EMY Y KOWEK B TEMHOTE rIlA3A CBrnTCSI? 51
1,5c8HTHMeTpOB.KcT8TH,y'IenOBeK8AH8MeTp3p8'IK8
He npensnnaer 8 MHnnHMeTpOB, K8K rn838 B TeMHOTe He
T8p8W;H. CneAOB8TenbHO, B rro.nysrparce KOIlIK8 nocnpn
HHMaeT B HeCKonbKO paa 60nbIlIe CBeTa, 'IeM 'IenOBeK.
I13TO erne He see. KaK H3BeCTHO, rJIa3 cnocofien BOC
rrpHHHMaTb CBeT 6JIarOAapJl CeT'IaTKe - CrreIJ,HaJIbHbIM
KJIeTKaM, rcoropsre pacrro.noacensr aa ero AHe. OAHH
KneTKH 'IYBcTBHTenbHbI K CJIa60My caery, zrpyr-ne - K
JlpKOMy. TaK BOT, HX COOTHOIlIeHHe y xoruerc COCTaBnJleT
4: 1).
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CneAOBaTeJIbHO, rJIa3 KOIlIKI1 caMoH npnponoii npeznra
anaxea AJIJI BOCrrpHJlTHJI I1MeHHO cna6oro CBeTa.
HaKOHeIJ" y rconrerc aa CeT'IaTKOH B r.naay ec'rs erne
0AI1H CJIOI1 KneTOK, KOTOpbIH pafioraer K8K orpaxca'rens •
OH noraorae'r nocrrpannraa-n, Te KpOXI1 CBeT8, xoropsre
nonanaro-r B rvraa KOlliKH rrpn rrO'ITI1 normoit TeMHOTe.
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CBeTJlTCJI B cysreprcax. Ha caMOM AeJIe y:eJIOBeK BHAH'l'
CBeT, rcoropsre cnaxana norian xonnce B r.naa, a 3aTeM
OTpa311nCJI OT ero AHa.
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BHAJIT na paCCTOJlHl111 OT 75 CM AO 2-6 MeTpOB. 3TO rro
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OAHa 3ApaBOMbICJIJlw;aJl MbIllib He rrOJIe3eT xormce npasro
B 3y6bI. Ha 60JIee ztam.aee P8CCTOJlHI1e I'.naaa Tome nanpa
rarr, He CTOHT - Ao6bly::a cxopee ncero npn 8TaKe ycneer
CKPbITbCJI. Ecrm nepezt KOlliKOH H8XOAHTCJI HeCKonbKO
npezneeron, OHa OTy:eTnHBO BHAI1T rmnn, OAHH 113 HI1X .
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oco6eHHOCTb KOIlIa'IberO apemra Tome .nerrco 06bflCHI1Tb.
KorA8 nczncapay.naaaems Ao6bIY:y, ae-rero rro CTOpOH8M
ronoaoa KpyTHTb 11 BHHMaHue pacceanart. .
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fiern.rx TOHax, sennxonermo paannnaa aceaoaetoxcasre OT
TeHKH ceporo. Teneps AOKa3aHO, 'ITO neicoropsre IJ,BeTa
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IJ,BeTOBOro BOCrrpl1flTUJI xe.noserca HM AaJIeKo.
52. KOWK~ HA CnY>KEiE
Oxpamrsre crroco6HOCTII xornex ,n;aBHO orrerrerrsr
Bparte CTpaH na r-ocyzrapc'meanora yponne. Hanpnxrep,
B ABCTpIIII KOlllKII OXpaH.HIOT nponoao.nscraexnsre
CKJIa,n;bI. IIocJIe HeCKOJIbKIIX JIeT TaKon: pa60TbI IIM no
JIaraeTC.H rrO.JK1I3HeHHa.H rreHCII.H. OHa BbI,n;aeTC.H XBOC
TaTbIM CTOpO.JKaM MOJIOKOM, M.HCOM II 6yJIbOHOM.
B AHrJIIIII na Ka3eHHOM ,n;OBOJIbCTBIIII Haxo,n;.HTC.H
KOlllKII, OXpaH.HIO~lIe OT MbIlllen: KHIIrII II zrpyr-ae pe-
53. KOWK~ HA CnY>K5E 53
JU I K B U U BpUTaHCKOrO My3eH. AHaJIOrI1'1HbIll OTpHP;
KOIlIeK pafio-raer B nerepcyprcrcon 8pMI1TaJKe. OH na
C'1I1TbIBaeT HeCKOJIbKO p;eCHTKOB KOIlIeK. Bnepasre B
CTeHaX p;B Op II, a OHI1 rrOHBUJII1Cb ew;e BO aperaena P;O
'1epI1 Ilcrpa I - I1MrrepaTpI1II,bI EJII13aBeTbI TIeTpoB
HbI. TIeTp BeJII1KI111 OP;HI1M 113 Y Ka30B rrOBeJIeJI «I1MeTb
npa arsfiapax KOTOB, P;JIH OXpaHbI TaKOBbIX 11 MbIIIIeH:
11 KpbIC yCTpaIIIeHI1H». IIMrrepaTpI1II,a EJII13aBeTa TIeT
pOBHa rrpOp;OJIJKI1JIa aTO Ha'1I1HaHI1e csoero OTII,a 11 yrca
30M OT 13 OKTH6pH 1745 r. rrOBeJIeJIa Ka3aHCKOMY ry-
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K OlUKa
54.
55. KOWKH HA CJ1Y>K6E 55
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B HaIIIH ,n;HH KOIIIKH «pa60TaIOT » B crenax 6pHTaH
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M CBOHM 6eCrrOKOllHbIM rronertennera npezryrrpexczra
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a nexoropsre cpaay 6e./KaJIM B 6JIM./Kalllllee 60M60y6e
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porno rrpezrcrcaasraa-n, rrorozry. B crapmry aHrJIllRCKHe
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peraene norozrsr aa Mope. E CJIll OH arpaer n a 60pTy KO
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II MOeTCJI - K xoporneji norene. IlOHa6JIlOp;aRTe aa CBO
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60. YJlbI6'U1BbIVi 6P~TAHEU.
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He "LIy,D;ec » - rOBOp.HIIJ;HH LIeIIIHpCKHH KOT. To, "LITO OH
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Y LIeIIIHpcKoro KOTa peamsn srii npo'toran? Bo nperae
na, KOr,D;a KsppoJIJI IHICaJI CBOlO 3HaMeHHTylO CKa3KY,
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61.
62. KOWKU nopoo»i
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ro HeCKOJIbKO BeKOB Ha3a,ZJ;. A B KOHIJ;e XIX nexa, T01.JHee
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He 6pHTaHCKHe KOpOTKOllIepCTHble KOllIKH rrO.HBHJIHCb
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63. PYCCKASI rOnY6ASI
T.I TO H3BeCTHO 06 I1CTOPI1H IIOHBJIeHI1H rconrex aa
pYCI1? KaKyIO rropozry MomHO Cl.J:I1TaTb I1CKOHHO na
trreft , pOCCHRCKOR?
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64.
65. PYCCKAS1 rol1Y6ASI 65
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cy,n;e6HlfKe «IT pasocy ,ZJ;be MlfTpOrrOJIlflIbe,>. 3a xmne
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66. 66 KOWKH
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HOM OTel:JeCTBe 3Ta rropona yrroxnraae'rca B nnreparvpe
JIHlIlb CO BTOPOH nOJIOBHHbI XIX nerca (nepsoe orracaane
zrarnpyerca 1860 roztora), 1912 rozra KOpOTKOlIlepc
,l];o
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B O,n;HO:H xareropaa BMeCTe C 6pHTaHcKHMH KOpOTKO
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OepHIJ;HaJIbHO 6hIJIH npnanansr JIHlIlb B KOHIJ;e XX sexa.
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6 nasane XIII eexa ~
67.
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BaJIlIp;aMli lIJIli yponaenr. Ha caMOM zte.ne, HlIYIerO no
ztofiaoro! KOIIIKlI 6e3 XBOCTa He TOJIhKO COXpaH.HIOT
CBOIO rpaIJ;lIIO, HO 1I yp;lIBlITeJIhHYIO crroco6HOCTh npn
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3hIBaIOT nceotinryro JII060Bh B Mlipe. Ha3hIBaIOT'KOIIIeK
TaKOM rropozrsr 606TeMJIaMli. //
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XBOCT y 606TeMJIOB nee-rarer ecrs. TOJIhKO OH MaJIeHh
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C 3aMIJ;eM He 3aKaWIlIBaIOTC.H. Bazume Horli y 606TeM-
69. smOHCKHE 606TE~l1bl 69
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noxoznca :3THX ROIlIeR. Bo6TeiIJIa eIII,e MO:>KHO cpasrrarr,
C MaJIeHhRHM rcenrvpy. Kor-na :3TOT ROT rrpsrraer-, ero
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JI nOHCICUU tioomeicn
70. 70 KOWK~
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Hlill KOIIlKli He nafierJIll 06BllHeHllM B CB.H3ll C TeMHhIMli
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nne rrpnae.no K 06hI"llaIO o'rcexars STY "llaCTh TeJIa y Hll
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ro, lIMeHHO STO 06CTO.HTeJIhCTBO C03,n;aJIO MOlJ;y na KO
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5I nOH CIWLl 606meuJL
71. Kpoyrpopn. Aa ep mcamna ClIIfTaIOT CBOIfX 606TerrJIOB 01'
nopozto ii, li ee .n;eHcTBliTeJIhHO npnanaror Ta
.n;eJIhHOrr
KOBOH nercoropsre Mem,n;yHapo,n;H hle acconaauaa JIIO
6liTeJIeM KOIlIeK.
Asiepuicanctcue ooomeu.u«
72. KOWKH OCTPOBA M3H
PJI,D;OM C II06epe:>KbeM AHrJIHH B HpJIaH,D;CKOM MOpe
HaXO,D;HTCJI OCTpOB MSH. Ero CHMBOJIOM JIBJIJIeTCJI 6ec
XBOCTaJI KOiliKa. OCTpOBHble MSHCKHe KOIIIKH - ca
Mble 6eCXBOCTble H3 scex 606TeHJIOB. Y pa3HOBH,D;HOCTH
«CTaMIIH » OT XBOCTa OCTaJIOCb TOJIbKO 2-3 XBOCTOBbIX
II03BOHKa, a y pa3HOBH,D;HOCTH «paMIIH » XBOCT He IIpOC
TO OTCyTcTByeT. Ha ero MeCTe HaXO,D;HTCJI He60JIbIIIaJI
JIMKa, KY,D;a IIOMeIII;aeTCJI BepXHJIJI cPaJIaHra 60JIbiliOrO
nam.ua p KH "LIeJIOBeKa!
M ::JHKe - oecxeocmue
KOIUKU ocmpoea M::JH
73. KOWK~ OCTPOBA M3H 73
Orrcyna na OCTpOBe M3H rrO.HBMJIMCh 6eCXBOCThle KOlIl
KM, HMKTO TOJIKOM He 3HaeT. HpJIaH,u;I1,hI 6e3 TeHM rosropa
paCCKa3hIBaIOT, qTO MX KOlIlKM .HBJI.HIOTC.H rrOTOMKaMM
KOTa, KOTOpOMy XBOCT OT,u;aBMJIO zrsept.ro Hoe sa KOB
qera BO speraena BeJIMKOrO no-rona. COrJIaCHO zrpyroray
anexzro-ry, 6eCXBOCTOCThIO M3HCKI1:e KOUlKM 06.H3aHhI
rrpaKTMqHOCTM .lKMTeJIeH OCTpOBa. OHM COqJIM, qTO 3M
MOH ztseps ,u;OMa npaxoztrrrca CJIMlIlKOM zronro zrepaca'rs
OTKphITOH, rcorna KOlIlKa B03Bpaw;aeTC.H C nporymc«.
A ztparouemroe TerrJIO-TO yXO,u;I1T! BOT MpJIaH,u;I1,hI M pe
UlMJIM nozncoporm-s CBOMX KOUleK pOBHO na XBOCT.
Pa3yMeeTC.H, 31'0 nryrrca, A KaK na caMOM zte.ne?
ITo O,u;HOH BepCI1M, fiecxuocr-srx KOUleK aa OCTpOB sa
Be3JII1 eure zrpeaaae epI1HMKMHI1,hI. OHI1 6hIJIM BeJII1KO
JIeIIHhIMM Mopexo,u;aMM 11MorJIM ,u;06MpaThC.H zto 6eperOB
HrrOHI1M, rzre, KaK M3BeCTHO, M3,u;aBHa 06MTaJIM 6eCXBOC
74. 74 KOWK~
Tble KOIlIKll. ,IJ;pyra.H nepcna yraepacnaer, qTO B XVI Be
ice y 6eperoB OCTpOBa norepnerm xpynrenne HeCKOJIbKO
acnancxax raJIeOHOB. Ha nnx B xanec'me KphICOJIOBOB
,D;epmaJIll6ecXBocTbIX KOIlIeK, rcoropsre cnacnncr, II CTa
JIll OCHOBaTeJI.HMll MSHCKOH nopozrsr.
Hecrno rOBOp.H, Hll rrepnaa, Hll BTOpa.H r-nnoreaa He
BhI3bIBaIOT noaepna, XOT.H HeCKOJIbKO xourerc rrOCJIe KO
pafinexpyruearra BrrOJIHe MoryT CTaTb npapozrarenavra
ne.noro rcoura-rser-o aapozrua, TaKMe c.nyuaa 6hIBaJIll.
Harrpnsrep, B 1890 r. B HH,D;llHCKOM orceane y OCTpOBKa
¢pa,D;moc pa36llJIOCh CY,D;HO. HeCKOJIbKO Kopa6eJIbHhIX
xonrex CMOrJIll ,D;06paThC.H,D;O 6epera. Tenepr, MX HaCqM
TbIBaeTC.H 60JIee TbIC.Hqll. IIMTaIOTc.H OHll pbI6oH, parco
06pa3HbIMll, MOPCKllMll emaMll.
O,D;HaKO, OCTpOB MSH pacno.noacen CJIlliliKOM ,D;aJIeKO
OT .HrroHllll ztaace ,D;JI.H epllHllKllHu;eB. Bp.H,D; JIll MSHKCbI
75. KOWK~ OCTPOBA M3H 75
II RnOHCKI1e 606TeRJIbI - po.n;cTBeHHHKI1. HenoHRTHo
TaKiKe, nOl:J:eMY KOIlIKI1 aa I1CnaHCKI1X Kopa6JIRX 6bIJII1
6ecxBocTbIMH. IIcTopHR 0 TaKI1X KOTax, nJIaBaBIlII1X na
raJIeOHaX, YMaJIl:J:I1BaeT.
Cxopee scero, 6ecxBocTOCTb M3HKCOB RBHJIaCb pe
3YJIbTaTOM CJIYl:J:aRHOH: MYTa~I1I1, KOTopaR COXpaHI1JIaCb
aa MaJIeHbKOM ocrpone, r'zte KOIlIKI1 6bIJIH BbIHYiK.n;eHbI
l:J:aCTO acryna'rs B 6paKI1 co CBOI1MI1 po.n;CTBeHHI1KaMH.
He CJIYl:J:aRHO npH3HaK 6ecxBOCTOCTI1 y M3HCKI1X xornerc
CBR3aH C BbICOKOR CMepTHOCTbIO. IIpo~eHT rI16eJII1 KO
TRT, pOiK.n;aIO~HXCR OT fiparcon M3HKCOB C M3HKcaMH,
oxem, BbICOK. IIo3ToMY X03ReBa M3HKCOB CTapaIOTCR
CKpe~HBaTb I1X C eBpOneRCKI1MI1 KOpOTKOIlIepCTHbI
MIl KOiliKaMI1.
~-- --~
B0 3 JYlOJICliO, nosienenue tiecxeocmux /(OULe/(
ua ocmpoee M 31i - pesipusmam CJLYlfaUlibLX Mymau,uu
76. KYP~JlbCK~E 606TE~J1bl
Ha BOCTOKe nanreii CTpaHbI, rne ee 6epera OMbIBa
er BeJIlI'IeCTBeHHbIll Tllxllll OKeaH, JIeJKaT OCTpOBa Ky
PllJIbCKOll rpazrsr. Y.n;llBllTeJIbHO, HOaa 3TllX COBceM He
60JIblIIllX KJIOqKaX cyum, oKpyJKeHHbIX 6e36peJKHbIMll
npocropasm BO.n;bI, TOJKe 061lTaIOT KOlIIKll! Y nnx KOpOT
Klle XBOCTbI. B03MOJKHO, 3Tll OCTpOBHble KOlIIKll .HBJI.H
IOTC.H rrOTOMKaMll .HrrOHCKllX 606TellJIOB, B cnoe BpeM.H
KaKllM-TO 06pa30M nonasnrax na KYPllJIbI 113 HrrOHllll.
He c.nyxairao JKllTeJIll KYPllJI Ha3bIBaIOT CBOllX fiecxnoc
TbIX KOTOB «arroacrcaxm». He llCKJIIOqeHO, anpoxesr. qTO
OTCyTcTBlle XBOCTa y KOTOB-KypllJIbqaH - pe3YJIbTaT He
3aBllCllMOll MyTa:O;llll. TaK nopon CJIyqaeTC.H B Mllpe JKll
BOTHbIX -B paana-msrx rpyrrrrax rrO.HBJI.HIOTC.H CXOJKlle
rrpnanarcn. Hanpmaep, cyr:o;eCTBYIOT rorrsre xounca n ro
JIble cofiavxn, II HllKOMY He npaxozner B rOJIOBy CQllTaTb
nx po.n;CTBeHHllKaMll! IIo3TOMY, B03MOJKHO, arroacxae
II KYPllJIbCKlle 606TellJIbI He COCTO.HT B rrp.HMOll pozr
CTBeHHOll CB.H31l.
TaK 3TO llJIll HeT, npenocraaasr paafiapa-n.ca YQe
HbIM. BaJKHee ztpyroe. Hpan y KYPllJIbCKllX 606TeHJIOB
coaepnreaao ocotiennsra. Onn 6eCCTpalIIHble OXOTHll
Kll. He 3P.H na KYPllJIax cymec'mye-r rrocnoamta: «HrroH
CKOMy KOTy II Me.n;Be.n;b ztopor'y yc'ryrrrrr». KOHeQHO, 3TO
npeyae.morenne, HO BOT xpyrmoro aanua KYPllJIbCKllll
606TellJI aanpar s MOJKeT JIerKO. 11 na pbI6y OXOTllTC.H.
IIpllQeM QaCTO pbI6aQllT He B O.n;llHOQKY, a B rpyrrrre.
'I'axoe rroaenenne .n;JI.H KOlIIeK pezrxocr-sl
He1l3BeCTHo, CB.H3aHO JIll 3TO C norepcn XBOCTa, HO
CBOllMll nosamcaxra KYPllJIbCKlle 606TellJIbI QaCTO narro
MllHaIOT cofiax. BO.n;bI He 60.HTC.H II zraace JII06.HTxyrra'rs
C.H. L£aCTO CJIe.n;YIOT aa X03.HllHOM II MoryT rrpnaecra esry
B nacrn KaKOH-H1l6y.n;b npenxrer. Hanpnraep, ranovxn.
'I'axne c.nyxaa 6bIJIll ormcaasr!
H a ocmpoeax KYPUJlbCIWU ZpJlabt otiumatom. IWWIW
C «opomxuscu X80cmaMU KypUJlbCKUe tiotimeiuu« ~
77.
78. nEPCbl
IIepca - KOTa l:IJIl:I KOIIlKY nepcrrncrcojt
nopozrsr - Y3HaTh JIerKO. Lllepc n, ,l:(JIHHHaH
l:I TOHKaH. "YIIll:I He6oJIhIIlHe, HOC MaJIeHhKl:Ill,
KOPOTKl:Illl:I KaK 6hI B3,l:(epHyThIll. B u;eJIOM
MOp,l:(a KaKaH-TO arpynre-maa. J];ame TepMl:IH
TaKOll cpe,n;l:I KOIIlaTHl:IKOB ecru - baby-face,
TO ec'r s «KYKOJIbHOe JIl:IU;O ». O,n;HaKO nsrpa
meHHe MOP,l:(bI OTHlO,l:(b He 6JIarOCTHoe. BbI
nyrc.m.re Ha,n;6pOBHble ,l:(yrlI 1I r JIy60KO no
caxcearrsre r.naaa Y B3POCJIbIX KOTOB rroporr
cxopee yrplOMbIll, qeM CMeIIl
C03,l:(alOT BH,l:(
HOll . He crry-raiiao B HeKOTopbIX MYJIbTepl:IJIh
Max KOTbI-3JIO,l:(eli l:IMeHHO nepcsr,
KOUlKU nepcuiictcoii nopoo»!
79. nEPCbl 79
Ha caMOM zre.ne nepcsr 06JIa,n;aIOT aecsraa norcnaztn
CTbIM xapaxrepoxr. Kaaczroe :tKIIBOTHOe coxpaaaer CBOIO
IIH,n;IIBII,n;yaJIbHOCTb II TOJIbKO eMy rrpncynme 'IepTbI rro
Be,n;eHIIJI. ,IJ;JIIITeJIbHbIH oT60p cne.nan rrep CII,n;CK11X KO
IlIeK aecsxra 3MO:D;110HaJIbHO 3aBIIC11MbIMII 0'1' csoero xo
3JIlIHa - 'IeJIOBeKa . OCTaBIlI11Cb ,n;OMa O,n;11H, rrepc MO:tKeT
He rrp11KOcHyTbCJI K ezre 11 none, noxa ero o,n;11HO'IeCTBO
He 3aKOH'I11TCJI.
MHOr11e KOIlIK11 rrepCII,LJ;CKOH 110PO,n;bI rrOCTOJIHHO
«rrJIa'IYT» • ,IJ;eJIO B TOM, 'ITO 1I3-3a xoporxoro noca CJIe3
nsre KaHaJIbI y nepcon OKa3bIBaIOTCJI 3a:tKaTbIM11. II03TO
My CJIe3HaJI :tK11,n;KOCTb, KOTOpaJI OMbIBaeT rJIa3, He CTe
xaer rro KaHaJIy, a 3a,n;ep:tK11BaeTCJI BO BHyTpeHHeM yrvry
nnaaa. OTCIO,n;a 11 « CJIe3bI » - KOplI'IHeBbIe noztrexn rrozt
r JIa3aM11 . Cpaay BII,n;HO - nepcnzrcxaa KOIlIKa JIBJIJIeTCJI
:tKepTBOH 11CKyccTBeHHoro orfiopa. B ,n;11KOH rrpnpozre C
TaK11M ,n;eepeKTOM cyutecraoaa'n- rpyzmo. Ilepcazicxaa
KOIlIKa BpJI,n; JIll cnocoona BbI:tK11Tb «na BOJIe» •
POCKOIlIHaJI ,n;JI11HHaJI urepc'rs nepcon BbIrJIJI,n;11T 3ep
rpexrno, HO aa 3TY xpacory rrp11XO,LJ;I1'fCJI rrJIaTIITb. OHa
MO:tKeT CKaTbIBaTbCJI B KOJITyHbI 11 BbIJIe3aTb, npespa
nraacs na no.ny xnapr apsr B IlIepCTJIHbIX «MbIIlIeK».
IIOMH11Te - eCJI11 BbI aasenere «nepca», sa ero urepcrsro
rrp11,n;eTCJI e:tKe,n;HeBHo Tr.u;aTeJIbHO yxaxcaaar s. PaC'Ie
CbIBaTb 11 ztaace MbITb Crre:D;11aJIbHbIM nraranyaere. IIepc
caMOCTOJITeJIbHO rrpOCTO He CrrpaBJIJIeTCJI C YXO,n;OM aa
CBoeH POCKOIlIHOH mepcr sro.
HeCMOTpJI na 'IeTKOe Ha3BaH11e, l1P011CXO:tK,n;eH11e
rrepC11,n;CKOH nopozrst no C11X rrop He COBceM JICHO. IIep
C11eH paasrne Ha3bIBaJIlI 'IaCTb Tepp11TOplI11 Hpana. He
MHOr11e eaponeansr, rrYTeIlIeCTBOBaBIlI11e B CTap11HY rro
TeM MeCTaM, ,n;eHCTB11TeJIbHO yrrOM11HaJI11 0 KOIlIKax
C rryIlI11CTOH II ,n;JI11HHOH IlIepCTbIO, KpyrJIbIM11 rJIa3aMlI
11npII3eM11CTbIM TeJIOM na KOpOTKIIX rranax . Hanpmaep,
Hpaae B Ha'IaJIe XVII Be
11MeHHO TaKIIX KOIlIeK B11,n;eJIB
rca IITaJIbJIHCKIIH aplICTOKpaT Ilserpo ,n;eJIJIa BaJIJIe. OH
ztaxce rrp1106peJI 11BbICJIaJI ,n;OMOH, B HTaJI11IO, rrapy 3TlIX
81. nEPCbl 81
B 06I..I.J;eM, B c.nyxae C rrepcaran He,lJ;OCTaTKOB B nep
CH.lIX HeT. KaK 6bI TO HH 6bIJIO, COBpeMeHH tle rrepcaac
KHe KOIliKH .lIBJI.lIlOTC.lI pe3YJIbTaTOM ,lJ;JIITTeJIbHOH IT ne
JIeHarrpaBJIeHHOH CeJIeKu,ITOHHOH pa60TbI. Ilepcancxne •
,lJ;JIITHHOllIepCTHble KOIliKH CTaJIIT O,lJ;HOi1: IT3 nepnsrx rro
pen, 3aperITCTpITpOBaHHbIX B BeJIITK06pHTaHITIT. IIpo
H3011IJIO 3TO B 1887 r.
B KOHu,e XIX serca rrepCIT,lJ;CKITe KOIliKIT rrepecerc.n a
na xopatirrax ATJIaHTHtIeCKHH OKeaH IT rrorrana B Ce
nepnyto AMepITKy. 'I'erreps 3Ta nopozra B CillA CTaJIa
aecsraa rrorryJI.lIpHa .
3a nepcuiictcuxui KOUlKaMU
mpetiuemcst muuunesuacuic yxo()
82. C~AML~bl C KPIOLfKAM~
B <pMJIhMe «AHHa M KOpOJIh» M3BeCTHaH araepaxan
CKaH arcrpaca ,IJ;mo,n;M <I>ocTep nr-paer POJIh r-yaepnaar
KM, npnr-nanremroii B 1862 rozry KOpOJIeM CMaMa K ero
,n;eTHM - MaJIOJIeTHMM rrpnrntara M npaaueccara, He
''''-..'S Op MH 3Ta MMeeT rrozt C060ll BrrOJIHe pearn.ayro OCHOBy
------... -
M KTDMy-.me CBH3aHa C KOIllKaMM.lfcTOpM"lJeCKMM rrpo-
__ T2TMrrOM repOMHM <pMJIhMa 6hIJIa B,n;OBa 6pMTaHCKoro
orpanepa AHHa Kpoyrpopzt. Ell yzranocs He TOJIhKO zro
6MThCHJII06BM CBOMX BocrrMTaHHMKOB, HOM 3aCJIymMTh
vaaacenne caraoro KOpOJIH CMaMa (HhIHe 3TO rocvzrap
CTBO Ha3hIBaeTCH TaMJIaH,n;OM).
Bo BpeMH caoero npefismarraa BO zmoprte AHHa anzte
JIa Heo6hI"lJHhIX rOJIy60rJIa3hIX M CTPOllHhIX xourerc. Kor
zta B 1867 r'. CpOK ee CJIym6hI MCTeK, OHa rrpMXBaTMJIa
C C060ll rrapy TaKMX xpacaauen M rrpnneana MX B JIOH
,D;OH . 3BaJIM MX MMo M IIM. KOIllKM HOBOll noponsr BhI
83. CHAM Ubi C KPIO'iKAMH 83
3BaJIM cpezrn aHrJIM~IaH HaCTOJII.I.J;MR epypop. I'aaer sr
rrMCaJIM, 'ITO OHM «CO'leTalOT B ce6e rpamno naarepsr,
CTpeMMTeJIbHOCTb JIaHM, CMJIy JIbBa M npeztaaaoc-n, co
6aKM» • HOBylO IIOpO,n;y maJIOBaJIa CBOMM BHMMaHMeM KO
pOJIeBa BMKTOpMJI. CMaMcKyIO KOiliKY nozrapuna zrpy
rOR aHrJIMRCKOR KOpOJIeBe - EJIM3aBeTe II B '1eCTb ee
cBa,n;b6bI C reprtorost 8,n;MH6yprcKMM. Bseaaa KMHeMa
rorpaqia BMBbeH JIM 060maJIa xornex nOR nopozrsr.
,Il;eRcTBMTeJIbHO, CMaMCKMe KOlIIKM OTJIM'IalOTCJI 01'
Cnvrars MX C ,n;pyrMMM nopoztaran rrpOCTO
acex rrpoxax .
HeB03MomHO. HaM60JIee xapaxrepnoii '1epTOR CMaMu;eB
JIBJIJIeTCJI MX oxpac - CBeTJIOe TeJIO, TeMHble MOp,n;O'l
rca, .narrsr M XBOCT. TaKaJI JI1060rrbITHaJI OKpaCKa orrpe
,n;eJIJIeTCJI MHTepeCHbIM oepq)eKToM. 113BeCTHO, 'ITO MH
TeHCMBHOCTb rrMrMeHTaU;MM IlIepCTM y CMaMu;eB 3aBMCMT
01' TeMrrepaTypbI soazryxa. 1.JeM HMme TeMrrepaTypa, TeM
TeMHee oxpac IlIepCTM. HCHO, 'ITO HaM60JIee «XOJIO,n;HbI
Cua.mctcue KOUlKU
