The Influence Of Departmentalization On Elementary School....pdfThe Influence Of Departmentalization On Elementary School...

The Influence Of Departmentalization On Elementary School...
Summary
A review of the research literature showed that confounding definitions related to elementary school
instructional organization, limited research, and contradictory and inconclusive findings contribute
to the difficulty of determining the impact of departmentalization on elementary school students.
Also problematic are stakeholders' influences on instructional organization decisions and how these
decisions are viewed in terms of institutional factors such as rules, structures, and social and
professional norms.
Confounding definitions and misrepresentations make choices difficult, and force many school
districts to create their own definitions of terms. The failure to establish static definitions continues
to complicate the debate. Those that support the benefits of the self– contained classroom site
optimized individualization, time flexibility, and coordination across content areas. The advocates of
departmentalization focus on the need for the teachers ' specialized knowledge for increased student
engagement and content mastery. They claim it is unrealistic to expect elementary teachers to have
the specialized knowledge that is required to facilitate instruction.
Research indicates that departmentalized instruction helps students transition to the middle–school
format, and that grade–level instructional teams promote teacher retention. Teacher retention is
associated with departmentalization was shown to have a positive impact on student achievement.
The
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Examples Of Evaluation Design
Evaluation Design The evaluation design used for the youth transitioning from elementary school to
middle school and middle school to high school was the Likert Scale design. The design was based
on a three–point scale system of measurement. The following questions were used to properly
measure the success of the group transitioning to the next grade level. Very Helpful Somewhat
Helpful Not Helpful The group had three separate meetings. The group first meeting consisted of the
Initial stage. The facilitator informed the group the purpose of the group meeting, set the group rules
for the group. The facilitator informed them that it was an open group and that any student could
join the group (R. Toseland and R. Rivas, 2008). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The facilitator also shared some study habits and tips that the group may want to utilize as they go
forward. The facilitator informed the group that we will discuss during the final meeting if the study
tips helped them during the 1st quarter. The facilitator informed them that every student will find
and create their own study plan. The facilitator stated that there would be an evaluation to determine
if the information shared among the group was very helpful, somewhat helpful or not helpful at all.
The facilitator informed the group that their 1st progress report and report card will let them know if
the study habits and tips shared among the group was successful. During the final stage and group
meeting, the facilitator welcomed the group and greeted the group and informed them the purpose of
the final meeting. The facilitator reminded the group of the ground rules established during the
initial stage. The facilitator utilized the round robin to get feedback from each student reference to
their experience of the group and their experience (R. Toseland and R. Rivas, 2008). The students
shared their personal experience on what they experienced the 1st quarter of the grading period. The
facilitator listened to the feedback from the students. There were a quite a few students indicated
that the number one study tip were reviewing their notes and index cards was very helpful when it
was time to take a test. The students also indicated that

Stages Of Education : An Essential Prerequisite Of...
Stages of Education Through are life, we go through different states of education. Education is
spicily divided into a number of Educational stages covering early childhood education, primary
education, secondary education and tertiary (or higher) education. During each stage we learn
different stuff, as we move to next. As we grow, education takes on new meanings and we apply that
knowledge in different ways. Education is more than reading, writing, and arithmetic. It is one of the
most important investments a country can make in its people and its future, and is critical to
reducing poverty and inequality. The word "education" has multiple definitions, depending on the
source that defines the word. Education thus is an essential ... Show more content on
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Children at this level typically do more hands–on play sort of stuff, not actual schoolwork (although
they may still learn basic things such as letters), which is important and helps them to learn to say
words. A child can usually attend preschool anywhere from age 2 1/2 to 5. There is also a program
called pre–kindergarten which is supposed to prepare the child for kindergarten. Then comes
Elementary, which is the second stage. The elementary years are a time when students begin to
develop their academic self–concept and their feelings of competence and confidence as learners.
They are beginning to develop decision–making, communication and life skills, as well as character
values. It is also a time when students develop and acquire attitudes toward school, self, peers, social
groups and family. Everything that we learn during elementary school will helps us in a way in the
next level of education. The knowledge, attitudes and skills that students acquire in the areas of
academic, career and personal/social development during these elementary years serve as the
foundation for future success. Middle school or junior high school is next. Middle school is the
transitional period between elementary school and high school. It 's often a challenging time for
preteens, but can also be quite interesting and typically it 's a time of growth and change. It helps
children develop skills of

Adult Learners : The Adult Learner : Neglected No More
Adult Learners 1
Characteristics of Adult Leaners
Roles and Characteristics Analysis
W. Shawn Bain
EAD 510
Professor Singleton, C.
October 27, 2015
Adult Learners 2
Introduction
Malcolm Knowles pioneered the study of adult education. In Lee's book, The adult learner:
Neglected no more. Training. (Lee, 1998). The term Malcolm used to describe this form of study of
adults is called androgyny. Some of the assumptions that Knowles studied were self–concept,
experience, readiness to learn, orientation, and motivation to learning and relevance. Self–concepts
refer to an individual who has moved from pedagogy to androgyny. Which mean, moving from an
adolescent learner to an adult learner. In the pedagogy stage, learners are more extrinsic learners,
having a teacher/ instructor tell you when, how, and what to learn then switches to intrinsic learning.
The stage where the adult learner is at the stage of telling one's self when, how, and what to learn, as
long as it pertains to the expected outcome goals of said adult learner. Mostly these goals and
outcomes are directly related to a job, relevance, and or personal improvement in life satisfaction
and self. Knowles goes on to state that instead of being subject centered, the pedagogy learner, the
adult learner becomes a problem centered learner, which he termed, orientation to learning. Knowles
also discovered that during his research. Adults are motivated to learn, which translates to an
internal

Education : Education Of Preservice Teachers And 2 )...
This problem stems from two issues: 1) education of preservice teachers and 2) emphasis on high
stakes testing. First, elementary education programs focus on the modern two cores, English and
mathematics, paying only lip service to science and social studies. This leads to teachers becoming
unconformable with the content in these two subjects. This level of uncertainty produces a focus
away from social studies and a focus on the other two contents. The second reason for the
marginalization of social Studies in the elementary classroom is high stakes testing that places great
importance on mathematics and English, but barely recognizes the role social studies plays in a
student's education. Teachers recognize this discrepancy and naturally chose to downplay the role of
any subject other than English and mathematics. After all, they will be graded based on how their
students do on the standardized test that places little focus on social studies.
What has been lost in this transition away from social studies is the great impact it has had on
students. This trend away from social studies in elementary schools across the nation has gained
some public attention. On March 26, 2006 the New York Times wrote an article titled, "Schools Cut
Back Subjects to Push Reading and Math." The article focused on all content areas that had lost time
during the school day due to inflating the time devoted to the above mentioned subjects. Sam
Dillion (2006) conducted a teacher survey across

The Russel County Middle School Situation Analysis
Introduction Part of the Russell County Middle School (RCMS) mission statement declares that we
as an organization will help students accomplish what they are capable of. Procedures are in place to
assist special education students and cater to gifted students, but some students seem to fall through
the cracks. About five percent of the student population is retained each year and about one percent
fail to capitalize on the opportunity to be promoted mid–year the following school year. A review of
these students' average data showed that absenteeism and discipline were issues, but that the
students performed on or close to grade level on standardized tests. A group was formed to
determine root causes and develop a plan of action to reduce the number of students that are retained
each year and help those that have been retained to get back on track. A consensus was reached that
a lack of motivation was the underlying cause for students' poor classroom performance and
resulting retention. After brainstorming and evaluating options, the group decided to implement a
mentoring program in which faculty and staff members that did not teach the retained students
would meet with them periodically to build relationships and encourage them. Challenges At the
conclusion of the 2012–2013 school year, 28 students were retained that returned to RCMS the
following year. This group of students averaged over twenty–three absences from school, 4.5 days in
in–school suspension, 4.9 days

Preschool Is Not Mandatory For Children
When most people think about preschool, they think about a group of 3–4 year olds coloring or
playing as teacher watches them waiting for their parental guardian to pick them up after work. For
some of us through we did not get to experience preschool, while we aren't any less productive for
it, we could have possibly achieved more with it. Preschool is not mandatory for any child to attend,
many studies have been conducted which show the benefits of high quality early education. One of
those benefits is the acquisition of a new language. Parents should be fighting to make universal
preschool for their children and we should be adding a foreign language to the curriculum.
While we are looking for the answer to question on what does a good ... Show more content on
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While having the opportunity to take a foreign language is a great thing, we should not be waiting to
post elementary school to teach it. A foreign language should be taught when the mind is in its
language acquisition stage. Foreign language is more than common thing here in the United States
of America. We are culturally diverse nation, filled with many different nationalities. According to
Carla McClure, an education writer, she argues the benefits of early second language acquisition.
She references numerous studies, one being the correlation between second language learning and
improved mental process. As well as, mentioning that children who starting learning a second
language before middle school are more like to speak the language fluently.
However, not everyone would agree with the idea of universal free preschool. Hollee Saville, a
licensed family childcare provider who has a master's in Early Childhood Education, argues that
early education should not be viewed as a one–size fits–all model, and that we are robbing our
children of their childhoods. She uses the examples of Oklahoma, who has had universal pre–K
since 1988, and Georgia, who's universal pre–K has been around since 1995, have had their 4th
graders tested by National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP) which they were found to be
below grade level proficiency. In addition, she argues that parents should have to pay for the cost

Primary Education In High Schools In Primary Schools Of India
A STUDY OF ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS OF STANDARD VII IN ENGLISH SUBJECTS
IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS OF BHARUCH CITY.
Dr. A. Mehta, Mr. Parmar Hitesh
INTRODUCTION:
Education is important not only for the full development of development of ones personality, but
also for the adequate of the nation. Form the birth to the death of the human being, education is a
continuous process. Which all the stages of education i.e. per–primary, secondary, higher secondary,
graduation etc. are very important. Primary education in India means seven years of schooling from
the age of six. The government has made elementary education compulsory for all the children up to
the age of 14, to achieve the goal of universal elementary education. Article 45 of the constitution
has stated to provide free and compulsory education for all the children of the age 6 to 14. The
Education Commission (1986–66), the National Policy on Education (1968) and the National Policy
on Education(1986) the reiterated the state responsibility to provide free and compulsory education
to all children up to the age of 14 years. The Supreme Court of India in its judgment of 1993
declared primary education to as a fundamental right. After the District Primary Education
Programmed (DPEP) of 1994, the government has launched the "Sarva Shilksha Abhiyan" (SSA).
Primary education as we know is the one which caters the basic needs of all the young students
irrespective of what they are going to become later in life. These needs comprise

Importance Of College Tuition Based On Income
College Tuition Based on Income A college education is the road to get out of poverty. However it is
expensive, and the lower class can not always afford it. It seems like the rich get a good education
and remain rich for generations, while the the poor can not pay to get an education, so they remain
poor for generations. The gap between rich and poor would get bigger if this trend was real, but the
government wants to give everyone a chance to pursue happiness, so there are many scholarships
and grants the poor can get to get a good education. Now there is a question whether college tuition
should be based on income? No it should not because all this would do is hurt the rich, the poor
already get a plentiful help to get whatever education they want. Income tax is based on the amount
of money you make, so the rich pay more and the poor pay less. Now they want to do that for
college? How is that fair? The rich have earned their money one way or another, even if it is passed
down from previous generations. They have to pay more just because they have more? The
government is for the people, rich and poor, so why are the poor only ones being given support.
What is the point of getting rich if your money is going to get drained? As of now, college has a set
price. However, it fluctuates with the amount of
Khangura 2 financial aid and grants a student can get. Financial aid is judged by parents income and
level of education. Because the rich do not get financial aid, they

Essay on Adult Learning is Different from Traditional...
Andragogy Reflection: First Training According to Merriam, Caffarella & Baumgartner, (2007),
andragogy is a European concept meaning "the art and science of helping adults learn". (p. 84) It is
based on six of different assumptions about the adult learner (Merriam, Caffarella, & Baumgartner,
2007, p. 84). Andragogy is important for not only the adult learner, but the adult educator as well. It
is important to adult educators because it helps them with setting a proper climate for their students,
helps get the students more involved in their own specific needs from particular classes, and it gives
the student and teacher mutual respect (Wood, unknown). By having mutual respect in a
teacher/student relationship, it helps students the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Andragogy Reflection
Self–directing
"Independence, the ability to make choices and critical judgments, and the capacity to articulate the
norms and limits of a learning society" describe an autonomous learner (Merriam, Caffarella, &
Baumgartner, 2007, p. 122). 95% of the adult learners that attend the mandatory First Training have
worked in the hospital setting for over a year or longer. Most feel as if the training is telling them
how to treat their patients using scripts rather than being themselves and being sincere to their
patients. It worked for years prior, and being told how to talk to patients makes employees feel as if
their facility is not confident that they are able to talk to their patients correctly.
Experience
In this case, instead of having First Training, I believe a simple email about different ways to
address different situations could have been more effective. By emailing staff or sending out a
memo it gives the learner an idea of what to say to patients, but still allows them to use their normal
verbiage that has worked in the prior years they have been employed. It also give employees a
feeling of self–responsibility and being independent (Merriam, Caffarella, & Baumgartner, 2007, p.
122). Over the years, adults learn how to deal with certain situations and can handle talking to their
patients without the scripting and

Recommendations Of The Kothari Commission
The recommendations of the Kothari Commission (1966) on the issue of government financing of
education are considered as important benchmark. The commission estimated the financial
requirements of the educational system in India up to 1985–86, and recommended that "if education
is to develop adequately, ...the proportion of GNP allocated to education will rise ... to 6.0 per cent
in 1985–86" (p 893). Of the several recommendations made by the Kothari Commission, this 6 per
cent of GNP is one that was accepted and resolved by the Government of India in the National
Policy on Education (NPE) in 1968.However, it can be argued now that the Commission's estimate
was made long ago and based on somewhat austere estimates of growth in enrolments, per student
expenditure and other parameters. Nevertheless, it assumes importance mainly as the benchmark has
remained unaccomplished so far (Tilak, 2007). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But, even this proportion falls much short of the 6 percent of GDP recommended in 1966 by the
Kothari Commission and reiterated in 2006 by the CABE (Central Advisory Board of education)
committee. The Centre's budgetary spending on education accounts for a smaller share and that from
the States accounts for a much larger share in the country's total budgetary spending on education.
Hence, the Government needs to take a larger responsibility towards provisioning of financial
resources for

The Little Things Count : College Versus High School
When the little things count: college versus high school When you change from the world being a
reliant teenager to an young adult you go through a series of life transitions and educational stages.
Society marks the educational jump from being a teenager to an adult in a stereotypical way, you are
expected to go from high school to college. While attending high school it is the goal of those
teachers to prepare you for this aperture into the unknown. Learning important lessons like get your
work in on time, be prompt to class and to develop and practice study skills. All of which are small
stepping stones to the ultimate goal, college. So when asked what the differences are between the
college and high school experience, the one main differences is responsibility. The overall structure
of college and high school are seemly different, whether it be the workload, class structure and or
the teachers expectations they each hold their own educational importance. Students attend school to
prepare them for the world outside of school. In high school you learn life lessons and basic learning
skills, in college you practice them. In high school students go through many changes within their
lives. The four years of high school mark this changing period and seem to be a helpful guide to the
world up ahead. The workload of high school courses is a slight transition between middle school
and college. The students are expected to do the work but their success relies on

Academic Procrastination And Statistics Anxiety
Introduction
A critical review of Onwuegbuzie, A., J. (2004). "Academic procrastination and statistics anxiety".
Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education. 29 (1), 3–19; a quantitative statistical analysis that
attempts to demonstrate varying degrees of procrastination in graduate students, the correlation
between statics anxiety and how this type of anxiety effects the graduate student in accomplishing
deliverables for a registered course. The research methodology in the article was designed around
previously established theories in statistic anxiety with the intention to further examine the
relationship of procrastination and statistic anxiety at the graduate level. This critical review
examines the author's procedures, findings, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The author has made numerous contributions in the field of education through research, presenting
and supporting theories and methodologies quantified with statistics and analysis to support the
subject matter.
In the research article the author aims to research anxiety levels in graduate students and how it
leads to procrastination. Based on the authors academic background and previously published works
his knowledge is extent in both statistics anxiety and academic procrastination. The researcher
Onwuegbuzie presented the research methods, the statistical results and qualitative analysis of the
findings. He then stated assumptions on the participant's actions and possible reasons for these
actions. Onwuegbuzie then made further suggestions as to how educators can help to alleviate
statistic anxiety. Onwuegbuzie findings determines that the graduate student's results were similar to
the norm group of undergraduates in a study by Solomon, LJ & Rothblum, E. D. in 1984 on
academic procrastination. In discussions Onwuegbuzie surmised thou results were similar with little
variation the participants in his study being of a higher academic level could be effected by different
reasons than that of the norm group.
Research Method
In the research quantitative and qualitative methods are applied. The author administered the
Statistical Anxiety Rating Scale (SARS) to asses for statistics anxiety and the

Museum Experience Analysis
This paper contains two museum experiences that a management might encounter along with the
policies and procedures that should be followed to handle each situation. The purpose is to remedy
each of the two situations that can arise within a museum, one being of a volunteer advancement and
the other from a manager discrepancy. Each scenario is explained and described in detail of how it is
resolved. By following policies and procedural steps provided by a museum and its management,
this allows for any manger or employee of a museum institution to correctly handle and resolve a
difficult situation.
VOLUNTEER ADVANCES: You have just started your first full–time job as the Director of
Education at a large museum. Several months ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I offered them many alternative programs that we provided at the park that would suffice for the
standards of learning each leader was trying to achieve. After numerous failed attempts at
remedying the issue through just the booking programs manager and me, I informed his supervisor
of the situation. The solution involved me sitting down with the programs person, one on one, on
and off for a month, to teach him why we have restrictions on the program so he could use the
information I provided for when people who do not meet the requirements for the program contact
him to schedule a visit to my program. that He also observed my program several times so he could
fully understand the program, both solutions ended up solving the

The Influence Of Departmentalization On Elementary School...
Summary
The literature shows that confounding definitions related to elementary school instructional
organization, limited research, and contradictory and inconclusive findings contribute to the
difficulty in determining the impact of departmentalization on elementary school students. Also
problematic are stakeholders' influences on instructional organization decisions and how they view
them, in terms of institutional factors such as rules, structures, and social and professional norms.
Confounding definitions and misrepresentations make choices difficult, and force many school
districts to create their own definitions of terms. The failure to establish static definitions continues
to complicate the debate. Those that support the benefits of the self– contained classroom cite
optimized individualization, time flexibility, and coordination across content areas. The advocates of
departmentalization focus on the need for the teachers ' specialized knowledge, for increased student
engagement and content mastery. They indicate that it is unrealistic to expect elementary teachers to
have the specialized knowledge required to facilitate instruction in all content areas.
The literature indicates that departmentalized instruction helps students transition to the middle–
school format, and that grade–level instructional teams promote teacher retention. The association of
teacher retention with departmentalization results in a positive impact on student achievement. The
actual years

My Experience As A Student Teacher
1. What was your experience as a student teacher? Did you find yourself getting attached to the
children in the classroom? Were you skeptical in the beginning? As a student teacher, what was the
most efficient advice you received from the former teacher? What was your biggest dilemma in
student teaching? My experience as a student teacher, varied from the majority. My original
foundation of teaching was with sixth graders. I worked with a very liberal private school where I
started out as a student teacher and became a co–teacher to that sixth grade class. From going into
graduate school where you usually do have a student teacher experience, that wasn't offered at my
graduate school which was Sara Lawrence College. Instead, you had to find outside resources to
supplement that lack of a student teacher experience. I conducted seminars or introductory classes to
prospective graduate students in the St. Thomas Aquinas College. You always develop a relationship
with your students no matter what the age is. Of course, there tends to be a mere dependency at a
certain age whether it is 15 or you go younger, but at the same rate there is also always that
establishment of respect and responsibility. I am a very big believer in individualized teaching, but
with the establishment of respect and responsibility the goal is the same from the start. There is a
certain sense of courage that you need once you enter the teaching realm. You need to believe in
yourself first before you can

Why Is It Important To 5 Hours In Pre School
In 2004 it was decided that all children aged 3–4 years should be entitled to a 12.5 hours free
placement at a nursery or preschool. In 2010 the hours increased to 15 hours a week over 38 weeks
of the year. This entitlement has been put in place to allow all children of the correct age to receive
early yearâ€TMs education and care. These hours were also put in place to help parents who wished
to return to work.
The majority of these placements are with play groups and preschools, often run by voluntary
groups. The Early Years Foundation Stage education is very much based on learning through play; it
is a more informal way of educating young children. The environment is optimistic and enthusiastic
with high but achievable expectations of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Between the ages of 16–18 it is known as further education. This can take place at sixth form
colleges, school sixth forms or in a further education college.
Some schools can include several education stages in one setting, for example if a child has special
needs it may cover the full educational age range of 0–18 years.
There are also many different types of school:
Community Schools â€" controlled by the local council
Foundation School â€" the governing body has greater freedom in the running of the school than at
community schools
Academies â€" Run by a governing body and receive funding from the government. These schools
follow a different curriculum and some have sponsors which are responsible for any school
improvements.
Grammar â€" Run by the council, a trust or foundation body, pupils must pass an exam to get in and
are selected on academic ability, these are normally single–sex schools
Special Educational Need Schools â€" Normally specialising in 1 of 4 areas: Communication and
Interaction, Cognition and Learning, Social, Emotional and Mental Health or Sensory and Physical
Needs.
Faith Schools â€" These follow the national curriculum except for Religious Studies where their
own Religion is

Is College Tuition Too Expensive?
Is College Tuition Too Expensive? According to TED; The Economics Daily, tuition and fees
increase 63% since January of 2006. Some people believe that the cost of college tuition is
acceptable. However, college tuition cost is too high. They ought to be lowered and made affordable
to all. College tuition cost is too high, a high tuition can prevent some students from receiving
college education, forces some to take out loans, and ultimately can cause future financial
instability. An increasing cost in tuition prevents some students from pursuing a higher education.
Such high college tuitions are unfair to the lower and middle classes who may want to receive a
higher education. Preventing the financially unstable from receiving a higher education weakens the
development of society in the United States. You should not have to be rich to receive a respectable
education. Alternatively, some may argue that universities offer scholarships that allow theses
increasing tuition rates to be affordable to all classes of the economy. However, everyone is not
fortunate enough to be granted a scholarship, so many students are left without help. Many people
do not possess the needed skills, grades, or social standards that these scholarships require.
Everyone is not born with the talent to score touch downs or earn a high ACT score.
Correspondingly, there are only a certain amount of scholarships that can be granted, and there are
millions of people that are applying for that same

Benefits Of Attending Preschool Before Kindergarten
Tiana Benton
Benefits of Attending Preschool before Kindergarten Preschool is the period of time before a child
enters elementary school. The importance of preschool and whether or not it is necessary before
starting kindergarten has been debated. From firsthand experience I have been able to see students
who have attended preschool, and who have not. The differences between these two types of
students are astonishing. Preschool can give a child a number of benefits, such as social skills with
peers, academic advantages, cognitive skills and more. As of 2012, 61% of children in the United
States have a structured and regular childcare arrangement. From research done, kids who attended
preschool are less likely to need government assistance, drop out of high school, and commit a
felony (Why All Kids Should Go to Preschool). Kids who do go to preschool are more likely to go
to college and own their own homes. In fact, preschool enrollment is highest in children with
mothers with bachelor's degrees or higher. Academically, preschool gives children a head start
before they enter kindergarten. Preschool can commence a child on the path to success in school. In
preschool children are introduced to behaviors essential to function in a typical classroom setting.
Skills such as learning to focus their attention, listen to others who are speaking, and waiting their
turn to talk. In preschool kids learn the basics, like the alphabet, numbers, colors and days of the
week. By the time

The Achievement Of Higher Education
The achievement of higher education dates all the way back to the 13th century where students of
ages between 13 and 16 would go to 'school'. Many people have come to argue that education is not
required to succeed in life. While others believe that it is an essential aspect for an individual in
order to survive. Plenty of people comment that going to college is nothing but a tradition that one
follows. Another handful of persons share the opinion that attending college is simply an option
because one can survive without any further education. The function of college in the 21st century is
to capacitate, train, and educate those in search of opportunities in higher education. For many
people, college should be preparing students for any situations in the real world, educating pupils
who are not, and offering opportunities for those who are seeking such. However, many citizens
believe that college has only become an obstacle for those who are in search of further completion.
Due to constant political and economic changes, college has been routed into a fixed direction;
nevertheless, students are not being fully prepared, creation of stressful environments, and making
the price of education nearly unaffordable. Obtaining a job has become harder because of the slow
restoration of the economy and competition. College students have come to struggle when hunting
for any opportunities in the workforce. Pupils have also encountered difficulties when having the
desire to work in a

College Abt : The Big Problem Of College Debt
What is college debt some may ask, well college debt is when a student takes out loans for college
and must pay them back when they graduate. It might sound good, because you can pay it back
when you get that good job after graduating. There are a few problems with that as I will discuss
later in my paper. Student debt is a big problem and could be solved by making it free, but of course,
the colleges don't want it to be free, because the colleges will be losing money. College costs so
much that the government is basically handing out money for people being able to pay for it. There
are plenty of reasons why colleges should be free but one of the main ones is college debt, because
so many students deal with debt from college.
The price of colleges has been going up a lot and are expensive now. "The average price of all goods
and services has risen about 50 percent. But the price of a college education has nearly doubled in
that time." Its crazy to think that college has gotten so expensive in that time. Knowledge is costing
people way too much now and it might not even be worth the money they are charging. Since people
end up in debt and more than 50 percent of them can't get a job after graduating, the question is
whether college is even worth it. Its worth it to people that can afford to pay for it, but if you can't
afford to pay for it, then it won't be worth it. It won't be worth it, because you'll end up in a debt you
can't pay for and you might not even get a job

The Purpose of Education: Empowering Individuals Essay
Purpose of Education: Empowering Individuals
Every now and then I think about my education from kindergarten through senior year of high
school and I wonder where I would be and who I would be without it. I have realized that those
thirteen years of my life were essential to my development as an individual, for they have shaped me
into the person I am today.
Education provides people with guidance and practical skills necessary in everyday life. For
example, when we are purchasing something, we deal with money. Who do we owe the quick
calculation we make as we pay for these items? Thanks to our first, second, and third grade teachers
for teaching us to add, subtract, multiply, and divide at such a young age. The ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
We need to communicate with others in our communities, solve problems, and attain goals. Around
middle school, we start growing up into young adults, which requires us to expand our learning. For
example, the adding and subtracting becomes more complicated as we confront difficult word
problems about real life situations, and we are only able to do the math if we can read the word
problem. Obviously, at middle school everything learned in earlier academic grades begins to come
together.
Yet, the education does not stop at middle school, for high school really puts all the basic skills from
elementary and middle school to work as the assignments and the exams become more challenging.
We do not only learn about reading, writing, history, and math, we learn about the people around us
as we associate with different personalities, and as we see what we have grown up to be and what
we want to be later in life. Accordingly, the high school years are a time when teachers emphasize
the importance of graduating and attending college in order to have a "succesful future."
Thinking about my K–12 education, I can say they definitely provided me with skills I needed in
life. Every year I learned something new, and that alone taught me that you can never learn enough;
every day and every event is a new learning experience. My K–12 education has made me what I
am today: an educated young woman and aspiring High School English Teacher. I

Literacy Skills Are Scarce: Can We Save Them?
Literacy Skills Are Scarce: Can We Save Them? Literacy skills in high schools are becoming scarce.
Students have become more involved in technology and shortcuts rather than learning materials that
he or she will need throughout the rest of their lives. Many high school students lack the reading and
writing skills that they need in order to further their education and progress into the workforce. "The
percent of Denver Public Schools high school students reading at grade level dropped between 2002
and 2005, from 40 percent to 37 percent" (Hubbard and Mitchell par. 4). The statistics shown for
just three short years says a lot about our education system and how educators need to do more to
help students. Years down the road, there is going to be a greater decline in students' academic
abilities. Response to Intervention (RTI) is an idea that has been floating around for a few years but
it has never been in action. The major purposes of RTI are to prevent failure and to diagnose less
apparent and/or unnoticed learning disabilities (King, Lemons, and Hill 7). College is becoming a
necessity in America; therefore, adequate literacy skills are essential in order to achieve a college
education. School administrators should engage in the research and implementation in RTI literacy
frameworks and/or literacy programs because secondary students are not getting the literacy skills
they need in order to succeed in higher levels of education or in the workforce. There are three

Know the Structure of Education from Early Years to Post...
Schools As Organisations Know the structure of education from early years to post compulsory
education Task 1 An education provides people not only with the academic skills required, but also
the social skills such as having the self confidence and belief in ones self to achieve a fulfilling and
happy life. It is every child's human right to receive such an education from early years to higher,
and therefore several stages in which they must travel for this to happen. Early Years Education The
Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) is a structure in place for the learning and development of
children from birth to five years old, for which all schools and early years providers must follow.
The purpose of the EYFS is to allow ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The funding mainly comes from school fees and income from investments, gifts and charities. The
building and land is owned by the governing body, and as many of these schools have charitable
status they would be tax exempt. They will set their own admission policy and curriculum through
the governing body and head teacher. (L/O 1.2) Academies Initially a school had to source funding
of £2 million from businesses, charities or faith bodies to become an academy, however this
requirement changed in 2010. The Government decided to allow any school within England the
chance to achieve academy status with the involvement of the local community. An academy is
obliged to follow the National Curriculum, but has certain freedom around its delivery. Its funding
comes from central government rather than the LEA, which would be at the same level per pupil as
a maintained school. This allows the academy to choose how their budget is spent in a way that's
most beneficial to its students. (L/O 1.2) Key Stages and Areas of Study As previously mentioned,
children from the age of 5 to 16 who are educated in a maintained school must be taught the
National Curriculum. This sets out the key stages and core subjects they will follow throughout their
time at school. Within this framework, schools can plan and organise the way they teach to best
meet the needs of their

College Cost Project : College Costs Project
Ivan Kozlov Math Analysis II, Mods 7–9 Trimester One College Costs Project October 24, 2014
College Costs Project A: Plan of Investigation What will be the cost of obtaining a college education
in University of California, Berkeley – Haas School of Business for Business Administration &
Management or NYU Stern School of Business for Management and Organization? In this project,
the student will determine the cost of receiving a college education in one private school, as well as
a public school. The student will calculate all expenses that will be incurred during the time of
college including tuition fees, book costs, recreational expenses, food, and other costs. The student
will additionally choose a career he wishes to attain, and, based on the college he attends, will
calculate the likelihood of obtaining that position after college. The chosen profession will also be
representative of the level of education, desired income, and interests the student wishes to have.
After predicting the annual income for this occupation, a strategy will be made to pay off federal
and private loans after college which will take into account other post–college expenses and
prospective income. The student will include inflation rates for all components of this project
because prices are likely to change before attendance in the years 2017–2021. This project will help
the student understand the financial facet of attending college and allow him to apply mathematical
concepts learned in

Graduation Rate : Four Years Versus Six Years
Graduation Rate: Four Years vs Six Years
Undergraduate students are taking longer than the four year program to finish their schooling
because of finances, stress, lack of motivation, and lack of being prepared emotionally and
academically. Approximately 28 percent of Texas undergraduates graduate with a four year degree
on time. Meanwhile, a little over half of all undergraduates graduate in six years instead of four.
("Graduation Rates By State")
College is an expensive investment for any student. Although college puts many young people into
debt, a four year college graduate is said to make 84 percent more than a high school graduate,
according to the O.E.C.D. (Porter) Now that college degrees are almost a must for finding a good ...
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Working while in college, can lead to inflexibility in class schedules and lack of time for studies,
this can result in failing or being forced to drop a class. Failing classes due to other responsibilities
is a major reason in why students are graduating in six years instead of four.
Another reason college students may work during their time of education, is to fund their idea of the
college lifestyle they must have. Donald Asher, a writer and speaker who specializes in higher
education said: Students today are working tons of hours at real jobs, trying to juggle classes and
activities with these external obligations. The results are lower grades, inflexibility in taking the
right classes when they're offered, isolation and disengagement from the college experience, and
longer time to graduation. One thing I've noticed is that many of these students are working so hard
to finance a lavish college lifestyle.
Mr. Donald Asher points out the responsibilities many college students have, and also points out that
many students are working so hard at real jobs to be able to afford things like a Starbucks latte every
morning. Somehow, modern college students have forgot that college is not about the formals, the
parties, the concerts, and even the cute dorm décor. Many college students work to enjoy this
lifestyle and end up having to stay in school longer due to their unrealistic ideas of how college life
should be.
It

Graduation Speech : Mathematics, Technology, Engineering...
I want to teach math in New York City because I will be able to communicate the significance of
math in everyday life. The math that adults use to pay bills, manage their budgets, tax preparations,
as well as other things is significant. Using real–life situations would capture a students' attention
since it is aligned with their interests. Depending on the grade level, students start to question the
relevance of a subject to their future. I love the gratitude and appreciation students show when they
succeed in math. As a person who grew up in NYC, I can provide guidance both in, and outside of
the classroom. I am familiar with the many pitfalls that await students in this urban setting. I hope to
inspire and become a role model to students. Excelling in math can lead to students exploring
careers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM).
As a Paraprofessional there were times when the teacher taught a math lesson that some students
had difficulty comprehending the material. When I observed this, I would find alternative ways to
solve the problem or explain it in another form. I have shown students that there are problems that
can be solved in numerous ways. Problems may possess a pattern, special rules, and formulas that
help to preserve memory. I currently work with a student who does not like math. I observed his
actions, and noticed instead of attempting to do the math problem at the moment, he would write
down the work and wait for the teacher to

What Major Policy Changes Has Affected During Educational...
MS
Discuss what major policy changes that have occurred in educational provision in England between
1944 and the present day in primary education.
Introduction
"A policy is a plan or of action used by the Ministry of education to set out clear rules and
expectations for the delivery of programs and services to the public".(BCE ) In this essay I will be
discussing two major policy changes that have occurred in educational provision in England
between 1944 and the present day in primary education. I will be discussing the 1944 Education and
also 1967 Plowden Report. Necessary education in England only began in 1880. But before that
there were many different types of schooling including formal and informal. "The background of
which the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The 1944 act was delivered in contrast to a war and rising popular claim for social improvement
background. It delivered a basis for the education service.
1944 EDUCATION ACT
The 1944 act suggested that the present difference in between elementary and secondary education
should be eliminated and that there should be 3 stages of education: primary, secondary and higher
instead. It was proposed that all school in the secondary stage would have to abide to a single code
of regulations which says that they must provide equality of treatment in such matters as
accommodation, size of lases etc. it also promised secondary education for all. Also all secondary
schools (except of direct grant schools) should be free up to the age of 15. After the 1944 Act, many
things were affected for example even though church schools were not abolished they were named
as 'voluntary aided', private schools were also not abolished they were only required to be registered
and also parents were given the choice to withdraw their children from religious schools, and
although church schools were not abolished the act improved the control of government over
education.
For example, the Local Education Authorities (LEAS) had more responsibilities which proved the
rise in their status. 'Every county and county borough would be the local education authority (LEA)
for its area' (1944 act, section 6, 1). "Property and staff previously owned and

Parental Involvement In The Longitudinal Study
Introduction
Parental involvement is vital in creating an environment for the student to thrive and succeed in.
Parents are the primary caregivers and crucial assets in a child's academic life. The parent– child
relationship is very important because children tend to view their parents as being the most
important role models in their lives. It is important to establish parent teacher collaboration because
it allows the parent and teacher to connect in the best interest of the child. Based on the Longitudinal
studies which focus on changes in behavior over time the findings of whether family involvement
have a lasting impact on children's academic achievements showed that the children in the study was
more motivated, and academically did well across all grades. "The Longitudinal studies indicated
that early family has potential to influence children's academic achievement across grades." (
Coleman 2013, p. 52). The first parent teacher conference of the school year my daughter received
2's in english and math on her report card as well as 3's in gym and music. When I sat down to talk
to the teacher I was not so happy about her grades on her report card, so I asked the teacher what can
I do to help her. As a parent you have to take a proactive measure in ensuring that ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
An entire community based on parents, teachers and students is what builds up a strong net school
community and with support and togetherness it can break the barriers in parent– teacher
communication. The school, parents, and teachers all play a big role in how our children will
succeed. It is important that the schools continue to provide resources for the family, progress on
their children academics and it is important that the families take a proactive measure and keep up to
date with what is going on in their children's

United States Is Becoming A Game Only The Privileged Can...
America has transitioned from the land of unconditional opportunity to the land of predetermined
success. However, this can't be a surprise with by "2000, the top 1 percent of households holding
more wealth than the entire bottom 95 percent" (Draut 21). This fact is still true today, with the top
1% holding, "35.6% of all private wealth" ("Facts and Figures in 99 to 1). Now the impact this has
is, with attending college being the route to wealth more than ever, prosperity in United States is
becoming a game only the privileged can play. "Nearly three quarters of students at the nation's top
146 colleges come from families in the top quarter of the socioeconomic status (SES) scale" (Draut
48), leaving millions of Americans from reaching their full potential. It goes beyond race, even
though lineage and class have a huge correlation. The fact that if you don't have money in the
United States from birth, your opportunities are significantly limited. This is proved with only 3% of
freshman from the bottom quarter income bracket going to the top colleges (Colleges, American
Association Of Community). A large reason for this is the fact that government funding for students
college education has largely decreased with student loans/debt being more prominent. Added to this
is the fact that many minority communities are still living with the repercussions of America's white
prejudice past.
In 2005, "within five years of entering college, 40 percent of students from the top

Burton Elementary School : City University Of Seattle Essay
Wittrock–Burton Elementary 1
Burton Elementary School
Necolena Wittrock
City University of Seattle
Burton Elementary School Burton Elementary is a kindergarten through fifth–grade school located
in the Evergreen School District, the 4th largest school district in the state. Burton Elementary has
been open since 1970 and has a current student population of 452. Burton obtains students from the
surrounding neighborhood and houses two special education classes that gain children from all over
the district. A walk around of the school offers us an inside look of the school and its community
School Walk Around and Demographics In the mornings, just before school is starting, you will see
school buses and the crossing guard delivering students safely to school. The Principal and teachers
can be seen out front of the building and their classrooms welcoming students and parents to school.
Figure 1. Welcome Sign for Burton Elementary
After parking, visitors are required to check in at the office for safety, but when you walk into the
office, in a cozy corner of the building, you are greeted by the secretaries and their pleasant smiles.
As we move away from the office and down the hall, classrooms are situated in a circular fashion
with the library at the center, giving a centralized meeting point for the school. Figure 2. 2nd Grade
Classroom
Figure 3. Front of Burton Elementary
Figure 4 Library
The hallways seem to be the main veins of the school and as

Status Of Arabization
1. Status of Arabization in School
Roberts (2003) shows that when Algeria gained its independence, it was linguistically a pluralistic
country with a rich linguistic baggage influenced by Berber, Phoenician, Roman, Vandal, Byzantine,
Jewish, Moor, Arabic, Spanish, Ottoman and French. He further adds that the Arabization policy in
independent Algeria denied any existence of the languages actually spoken, and promoted the
literary classical Arabic which is considered as the lingua franca of the Arab middle–east.
Arabization of the Algerian educational system was pursued from 1962 to 1975 since Arabic was
considered as the national and official language while French was language to be used temporarily
and provisionally. The newly appointed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Benrabeh, (2004) in 1966, out of a total of 13,000 Arabized teachers at primary
schools, 3,500 were non–Algerians. These teachers' lacked qualifications, their accent represented a
handicap. The majority of the new coming teachers were members of the Muslim brotherhood who
were mainly interested in spreading their ideology (Saad, 1992). They followed the conventional
teaching approach which makes use of rote memorization and physical punishment
(Grandguillaume, 2004; Wardhaugh, 1987).
In 1971, the punctual system, or as Gordon, (1978) calls it, a step–by step system, was adopted, that
is Arabizing all subjects on a given level rather than Arabizing geographically (according to regions)
or vertically (all levels at the same time). By 1974, the primary school was fully Arabized with
French being taught at the fourth grade. At the secondary level, one–third of the math and sciences
sections were Arabized (Grandguillaume, 1983).
Until the 1970's the educational system consisted of the primary school 05 years, middle school: 04
years and the secondary school: 03 years. (Benrabah, 1999).In 1976, a new schooling system called
the fundamental school took place. It was a fusion of the primary and middle school (09 years) with
all the subjects taught in Arabic except the foreign languages (Assous, 1985; Saad, 1992).
Arabization had a considerable impulse during Boumediene's presidency (1965–1978) and that was
aligned with a dramatic decline in

My Career Values For Fitness And Physical Education
I chose this career path because I am passionate about fitness and helping others. I know for this
career you must have patience, athletic ability, and motivational skills. I have worked with kids, and
when their faces light up because they did the activity correctly, it makes me smile a lot, and it's
rewarding. No one inspired me to do this career, I have always loved working out and athletics ever
since I could remember; I also was pretty good at it too. When I was in elementary, intermediate,
middle, and high school, P.E/athletics was my favorite class. When I workout, my mind clears, and
it is also my get–a–way place plus I love the feeling of working out. So that led me to find a career
that could be similar to what I love to do.
I think it is great that there are careers that you can pursue that you have a lot of interest in. You
have to pick a job that you will be happy in. I think that physical education teachers make a
difference in kids lives and the teacher makes an impression on them as far as fitness. Some values
that I care about are accomplishment, fitness, and love for what you do life. All of my values can tie
into my career choice which is physical education. Physical education is all about fitness and
motivating kids to be physically active and do their best. You need to have a passion for your job
and what you do so you can be fulfilled at your job. Accomplishments mean that you have done
something meaningful in your life and you have been successful. I

The Problem Of Holding The Negro Down
"The problem of holding the Negro down, therefore, is easily solved. When you control a man's
thinking you not have to worry about his actions. You do have stand here or go yonder. He will find
his "proper place" and will stay in it" (Woodson p. 5). In the Miseducation of the Negro he focused
in on the problems of the education system for African Americans leading to the dire effects of
plight of the Negro. This timeless work is relevant and parallel today; he speaks on the lack of racial
consciousness and the self–hatred through education that teaches him to despise himself/herself. For
African Americans and other peoples of color, hegemony has placed us as at subordinate class in a
white supremacist patriarchal society. Combining theories of political theorist, Antonio Gramsci,
historian Carter G. Woodson, sociologist W.E.B Du Bois, and social theorist Michael Foucault a
theoretical and practical coherence can show the relationship of knowledge and power. Critical
Pedagogy links the relationship of knowledge and power, in which knowledge is socially
constructed and rooted in a nexus of power relations (Darder, Baltodano, & Torres p.63). Critical
consciousness within critical pedagogy has us consider as students and future educators the role of
education and knowledge when it comes oppression and decolonization. I, unknowingly like many
others have in many ways have been miseducated. I experienced a very traditional pedagogical
experience, where the teacher was the

Transition And Secondary School Secondary Schools
For the majority of young people, transitions or transfers generally occur between nursery and
primary school, primary school and secondary school, and from secondary school to higher
education and/or work (Topping, 2011). Sometimes this change is known as transition, sometimes as
transfer but for the purpose of this study we will use the term transition. Transition can be defined as
a passage or change from one stage to another. At around the age of 11, pupils' are required to make
that change from primary to secondary school. This typically involves a change of school location,
meeting and forming relationships with new peers, learning to organise and meet deadlines and
responding to a number of teachers for different subject areas. Secondary schools tend to be much
larger than primary schools and pupils are often required to move from one location to another for
their classes. At the same time, they need to arrive to each class on time. With this is mind, it is
important for the pupils' to learn what organisation involves to meet the timetable requirements.
These challenges are different to those in primary school were pupils' spend the majority of their day
in the same classroom setting with the same teacher and same peer groups (Coffey, 2013). In
contrast to secondary school, all of their personal belongings are located in this one classroom.
2
Despite the many obstacles that pupils' face, there is much to look forward to. Children are
excited at the prospect of

School District Transitions From A Traditional 7-8 Junior...
As the Bemus Point Central School District transitions from a traditional 7–8 Junior High, to a 6–8
Middle School it is important that the district works to ensure that it is a true transition and not
simply a change in name. The addition of the 6th grade to the traditional 7–12th grade building as
well as the need to update antiquated science classrooms has allowed the district embark on the first
major building project at the high school since its opening in 1968. The building project gives
Bemus Point the opportunity to start from the ground up and look at all aspects of our middle school
program. It is essential to the future success of the middle school program that there is a part of the
building for middle level students to call ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The classroom should also have lightweight, moveable furniture can moved easily. This would allow
the classroom teacher to reconfigure the room to meet specific instructional needs (UNC Charlotte).
The district needs to create more time in the schedule for the students to work collaboratively on
projects and activities. Grade level teams of teachers need to be created. These teams will have a
common schedule and common planning times which will allow for greater flexibility when
creating lessons and activities. The team will also have the ability to meet regularly to deal with
common issues, planning, and creating learning that differentiated to individual student needs
(Brown & Knowles p. 77). Throughout the curriculum, students need to be given the opportunity to
explore information. The teacher needs act as facilitator of information and insure that the student
has an accurate understanding of what is being learned (156). This will allow students to construct
their own knowledge motivate understanding of the subject beging taught. In addition, allow
students to explore will aid in the transition from the concrete thinking to the formal operational
stage of development (157). The district should create block scheduling for the middle school. An
alternating day block schedule would give teachers more time in class for project based, cooperative
learning assignments. (247). In a 90 minutes class, students would

Adam Lanza and Sandy Hook Elementary
How could one deranged man voluntarily walk into an elementary school and open fire on children
who haven't even had all their teeth come in yet? Newtown, Connecticut is like any other small
suburban town; quiet, quaint and safe. That was until a twenty–four year old "sociopath"
(Alexander, Barrett, Donnelly, Swaine), by the name of Adam Lanza, put this charming town on the
map, and not for a decent notable reason. Sandy Hook Elementary School educates students' grades
kindergarten through fifth and Lanza forced his way into the kindergarten and first grade level
rooms. Friday, December 14, 2012 will forever be a date not necessarily marked on our calendars,
but in our hearts. While millions of Americans continued their normal routines, innocent children's
lives, as well as a handful of heroic teachers, were taken away in a matter of seconds, since "each
victim was shot three to eleven times," according to medical examiner, H. Wayne Carver (Circa Part
4). Superintendent Janet Robinson commented, "A lot of children are alive today because of actions
the teachers took." (Circa Part 10) A total of twenty–six individuals were tragically murdered
because why? That answer will never be answered since Lanza committed suicide at the scene as
police were on their way, which leaves no closure for the victims' family and friends. The Newtown,
Connecticut shooting caused an increased in protection at schools by implementing new gun laws
and changing America's views about the

The Importance Of Child Development And Early Childhood...
Child development is defined as the study of the biological, psychological and emotional changes
that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence. It is the study of how we
progress from dependency to independence. It is a continuous process that does have a predictable
sequence, but may be influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics, so we
do not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by those developmental experiences.
Developmental change may occur as a result of genetically controlled processes known we call
maturation,[1] or as a result of environmental factors and learning, or the interaction between the
two. It may also occur as a result of human nature and our ability to learn from our environment.
Childcare programs represent an opportunity for the advancement of child development.
Traditionally Early Childhood Education (ECE) has focused on the academic, social and cognitive
skills that develop in children from birth through preschool, while Elementary Education referred to
the primary education that comes after preschool but before middle school, typically kindergarten
through fifth or sixth grade. The line is not as distinct since school districts schools now offer early
childhood programs in elementary schools beginning at age three ( Head Start), and Pre–K ( age
four) in many economically disadvantaged areas.
There are definite differences between the two that are important to understand

To What Extent Should College Athletes Be Paid or Not?
A hot topic that people have been analyzing lately is whether college athletes should be paid or not.
There have been convincing facts from both sides on whether these college athletes should receive
pay while in school performing at their specific athletic event. There has been considerable
controversy over the past years on whether or not National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)
athletes should be paid or not. Fans, players, and the board of the NCAA all have their separate
beliefs on why or why not the athletes should be paid. These young athletes work their hardest on
the fields and attract millions of fans and think money fans pay to watch them perform, can go to
them. The University of Alabama made approximately $124 Million dollars in operating revenue in
2008. Based upon those statistics, you can see that athletes have a reasonable argument of why they
should be paid a salary when the school is able to afford to do so. While one side believes they
should be paid, another side believes they shouldn't be paid because instead of receiving pay, that
possible salary is substituted with a scholarship and education. If the athlete has kids and a family,
the athlete should be given a salary to support them. As a college athlete, you have the opportunity
to make a life for yourself and create your own family. You have the legal ability to start a family
and have kids of your own. What holds those athletes back is doing what they do best and putting
their one

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