Case Study Alaska

Case Study Alaska
NCJJ State Profiles: Alaska Alaska's Department of Health and Social Services, handles all the care
of juveniles its divide into many agencies throughout the state you have administers detention,
which handles responsible for keeping up on the operations of the centers, managing financial and
human resources of the centers. They do have delinquency intake, which handles the court aspect of
whether to bring charges, has an adjudication hearing or not based on state laws they handle many
aspects of the case the investigation of the offence also investigates the parents and Guardian. The
community diversion program informal probation where the juvenile could be referring to
community panels such as youth court or community services, counseling ... Show more content on
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Each juvenile correctional facilities are based on the classification of the juvenile they use a risk
assessment much like adult facilities due. They also classify on the services the juvenile may need
medical and psychological needs. Higher courts have jurisdiction over delinquency matters they also
handle the general jurisdiction trial courts. However, they did go through a system improvement
plan in 2003. System Improvement Plan in 2003 that included goals directly related community
protection, offender accountability, and competency development. They started more in depth
research into assessments of classification of juveniles in centers having levels of juvenile steps
before being released back into the community they added more safe guards by assessing the
juvenile performance in classes. They look deeper into the needs of the child to see if the parent can
afford needs the child may need. They do a youth level of services needs assessment. Through case
managers, psychological evaluation, and participation in the performance based standards project of
the council of juvenile correctional administrators. The state also implementation of aggression
replacement training for the staff and the juveniles. They also approved the development of non–
secure detention options with the tribes in Alaska. They also deployed long term juvenile centers for
serving charges and offenders. By law, any juvenile who is a danger to themselves or others or
require secure detention. To ensure their safety and the safety of others. Secure detention is an
option in Alaska. However, only used in serious cases. The Alaska District Court system, which has
jurisdiction over alcohol, tobacco, traffic, and fish and game matters, may order persons to serve
district court sentences at juvenile detention facilities. Secure detention may be used as punishment
for probation violations,
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The Juvinile Sentention System In The Juvenile Detention...
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Running Head: A BROKEN JUVENILE DETENTION SYSTEM1A Broken Juvenile Detention
SystemEsteban OrtegaGlendale Community College
USELESS JUVENILE INCARCERATION SYSTEM 2A Broken Juvenile Detention SystemThe
juvenile detention system is broken because all troubled teens should be treated for instead of
punished, rising recidivism rates are caused by punishment itself. The youth spends a lot of time that
could be spent in a classroom behind bars. This issue is like a butterfly effect affecting society. The
youth should be getting treated instead of being punished, serving punishment is the root of the
problem. Justice cannot be served with racism floating throughout the air, racism pollutes the
verdict.First off, wasted time is a wasted effort and time is something that can't be received
back.Juveniles are humans and have minds, actions, and feelings like every human being, it has to
be kept in mind that control can't be kept over everyone. Think about owning a restaurant, logically
an owner won't want to remain open in business if work is slow, get very little customers, receive
bad reviews, use tools in an unsafe manner endangering people around you. Well I wouldsay a
detention facility is very similar. If it's not bringing any benefit to the youth or their families, then
what is the purpose of having these facilities as a form of punishment? Facts are provided based off
some of these facilities major flaws. "Specifically, the report will show that these facilities are
frequently: (1) dangerous, (2) ineffective, (3) unnecessary, (4) obsolete, (5) wasteful, and (6)
inadequate. A subsequent chapter addresses the question of public safety,finding that states where
juvenile confinement was sharply reduced in recent years experienced more favorable trends in
juvenile crime than jurisdictions which maintained or increased their correctional facility
populations...." (Mendel, 2013). Logically, based on the results provided it issafe to say that not
confining juveniles will show a positive outcome. The juvenile crime rates are favorably lower for
cities and help maintain correctional facility population to a norm. Solid
USELESS JUVENILE INCARCERATION SYSTEM 3evidence is provided that these

Should The Juvenile Detention Facilities Be Allowed?
Additionally, Ameen & Lee (2010) are focused on what a juvenile is going to do after his or her
detention is completed. These two researchers wanted to make it known that juveniles in detention,
especially for a significant amount of time, need access to vocational training. Vocational training
can aid in eliminating the down time a juvenile has. In turn, the detained juvenile is thought to have
fewer violations, fewer punishments, as well as a greater chance for employment. Delinquent youth
that are detained have had a disruption in the normal transition from a juvenile leading into the late
teen years, and then onto adulthood. If these disruptions are not remedied, then the youth has a
decreased chance of a normal life (Ameen & Lee, 2010). Ameen & Lee (2010) found that among all
of the juvenile detention facilities in the country, there is not consensus or significant similarities in
vocational training curriculum. With the lack of standardization, a detained youth may not receive
the training he or she could benefit from. The United States Department of Justice published in
2000, reasons why there was a failure with the standardization. First, the findings mentioned that
there were logistic and safety issues that hindered certain programs from being successful. Second,
there was no one designated, or trained in place to be able to manage this type of a program. Third,
some did not think it was worth it to develop these programs due to employers already placing a
stigma

Effects Of Juveniles On Probation
When a juvenile commits a crime, many suggest that they are placed in a detention center for the
crime committed. Placing juvenile offenders on probation has proved to be a more disciplined
procedure rather than placing him or her in an institution. People's view of juvenile offenders'
placement on probation feel that it does not deter crime. Placing juvenile offenders on probation
rather than sending them to a juvenile detention center is a more effective way of working with
juveniles and preventing future crimes. Juveniles placed in a detention center with adults are at risk
to commit other offenses. Juvenile probation officers provide counseling services, may assign the
juvenile offender community service hours, make sure that the probationer has no contact with the
victim, and maintain close contact with their probationers to make sure that they are staying out of
trouble. Placing juveniles on probation reduces the rates of juvenile delinquents committing future
crimes. While juveniles are on probation their officer will monitor the probationer closely making
sure that he or she abides by the contract made between both. If violated, there will be consequences
to follow. Placing juveniles on probation not only allows the juvenile to remain within their
community, but also when completing community service hours within their community they are
learning to become responsible for their crime and are working to pay off their debt.
Effective Juvenile Probation
When a

Children Matter : Alternatives For Juvenile Detention
Children Matter: Alternatives to Juvenile Detention San Jose Police Chief, Bill Landsdowne, stated
that, "[l]ocking up kids is the easiest way. But once they get in the juvenile justice system, it's very
hard to get them out" (Holman & Ziedenberg, date). Detaining youth, in particular non–violent
offenders, has more of a negative, long–term impact on youth as well as the community. With the
inception of the Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative, the use of retribution is being pushed
aside for more restorative and rehabilitation efforts. States that have embraced this initiative are
finding that not only are the numbers of youth being detained decreasing but that alternatives to
detention are providing opportunity for juveniles to become productive members of the community.
All this effort without increasing risk to the community and safety issues. More importantly this
initiative works in addressing the underlying issues causing delinquent behavior.
What is interesting is the fact that while juvenile crime and crime in general has gone down
detention remains high. As of _____, there were _____ youth being detained in detention centers. It
is estimated that 400,000 youth are admitted to detention centers and that these incarcerated youth
face a greater risk of dropping out of school and re–offending (need cite). The Juvenile Detention
Alternatives Initiative ("JDAI") came about by a philanthropy started in 1992 by Jim Casey, founder
and CEO of United

Juvenile Justice System : Past, Present, And Future
Juvenile Justice System; Past, Present, and Future
The juvenile system in the United States has a long history but varies from state to state. "It started
around 170 years ago, with the opening of Massachusetts' Lyman School for Boys in 1846 (Miller,
1991), American reformers began experimenting with a "new" approach to troubled youth"
according to Patrick McCarthy author of the article "The Future of Youth Justice: A Community–
Based Alternative to the Youth Prison Model". The juvenile justice system has changed dramatically
over the years, it has come a long way but we are still improving on the issues we have had in the
past, currently have, and the ones we need to fix for future generations. The goal of this paper is to
focus on the juvenile justice system in the state of New Mexico, where it started, what it currently is,
and what changes could be implemented for a better future.
Juvenile Justice System History in New Mexico
The juvenile justice system in New Mexico dates back to October 1, 1909 when the Springer
Correctional Center was first opened. In 1909 it was called The New Mexico's Boys School and was
the first juvenile facility established in the state of New Mexico. This property was open for 96
years and was closed in 2005 do to problems mainly focusing on gang activity among juveniles.
"According to the June 2003 ombudsman 's report, juveniles were hiding within the school and
asking for transfers because they feared gang violence." The school was

Juvenile Residential Therapy
For offenders with mental health impairment, TJJD's institutional facilities are staffed with mental
health professionals in order to provide services that meet the needs of each juveniles. For those
diagnosed with severe mental health issues they are most likely placed in Corsicana Residential
Treatment Program. The immediate goal is to treat the youth's mental health impairment. Once this
is accomplished the focus of treatment is on changing the delinquent and criminal patterns within
the juvenile's behavior. The final goal within treatment concerns reintegrating youth with his or her
family. Unfortunately handling juveniles with mental health problems pose a particularly difficult
problem for TJJD. However, according to TJJD the specialized ... Show more content on
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As mentioned within the paper, there are benefits to having services provided by both public and
private entities; however, there are also concerns. The public sector, which was portrayed by
services offered by TJJD, are required to provide yearly reports. In many ways these reports keep
the system accountable for the money they are spending and the services they provide or require for
juvenile offenders. The reports are open to the public and are easily accessible. As it relates to
research, these reports allow people to critically assess juvenile programs, while challenging the
government to refine or create programs superior to the ones offered in the past. Reports like these
are harder to find regarding services offered by private entities and is a concern. Programs in which
juvenile offenders are required to successfully complete, should never be determined by trial and
error; however, this is often the case. On a positive note, private entities and community resources
typically target the specific needs of a juvenile and include mental health components. Programs
which do not offer mental health services should be critically assessed, as they are less likely to
succeed. It is important that continued research is applied to the programs offered by both the public
and private sectors. As it stands today, treatment services offered

A Research On The Juvenile Detention Centers
In today's world, Delinquents are not one of the hot topics you see on the news every day on the
nightly news. However, after doing a little research on the juvenile detention centers, one might
think that they should be on the news every night until something is fixed. In some cases, jail guards
have been caught beating and assaulting children in jail so badly that they have broken bones and
scarred them for life. There have also been studies proving that counseling children provide a better
chance for engaging with the public. Many children who have participated in some type of
counseling have turned out a lot better than those who have not participated in counseling. I now
agree that for the most part, children should not be locked up and they should instead be taken to
treatment facilities, talk to counselors, and helped on their journey to become adults. When a young
kid gets themselves into trouble, what happens to them? Before taking this class and writing this
paper I wasn't sure. There are a few different routes that a juvenile delinquent could take. Once
juveniles are sent into jail or a detention center it is even possible that their behavior can get worse
as time goes on. Based on my research about the topic and what Nell Bernstein talked about in her
book, it is in the best interest of the juvenile to not be confined in a jail cell but in fact given
treatment or counseling for their actions. Instead of locking youth delinquents up, it is proven that

Juvenile Delinquency
Juvenile delinquency is the habitual committing of criminal acts or offenses by a young person,
especially one below the age at which ordinary criminal prosecution is possible. Up until recently
juvenile delinquency only accounted for males. However, girls are now the fastest growing segment
of the juvenile justice system, even though the rates of juvenile offending are declining. Due to the
increase of the female juvenile population, some female juveniles are being held in adult prisons.
Because the rates of female offending has been on the rise, there has been an increase in the
likelihood that a teen would be arrested while she is pregnant. There are approximately 24,000
pregnant teens arrested a year, which is 670 on a given day. The chances of a girl being arrested
while she is pregnant is somewhat high due to the fact that about 85% of girls that are detained are
sexually active and fewer than 50% of them use some form of protection. Because the amount of
female juveniles being detained are increasing and the juvenile justice system was geared more
towards the male population, there are several resources that are lacking especially for pregnant
teens and teen mothers. In the novel Inside This Place, Not of It by Ayelet Waldman and Robin Levi,
the narrative on Olivia Hamilton, though she may not be a teen, provides a great example of the lack
of services available to pregnant inmates and mothers. Olivia Hamilton was arrested for embezzling
money to pay her bills. At

The Effects Of Incarceration On The Social Of African...
Chapter Three Disciplinary changes applied to the juvenile justice system in addition to negative
impressions of juvenile males have caused juvenile male incarceration rates to surge. African
American male juveniles encounter racial differences in society everyday due to view that media
portrays them to be. Racial bias amongst these juvenile African American males is the principal
cause of their incarceration rates climbing higher each year. The lives of these juveniles are
seriously altered after being incarcerated due to the negative labels given to them. This chapter will
discuss the findings, implications, and future research of the impact of incarceration on the social
conceptions of African American juveniles.
Findings
Negative views caused by society have had a major impact on the increasing of African American
male juvenile incarceration rates in this country. Education is believed to be one of the most
important resolutions to juvenile delinquency, but it does not gain the awareness it deserves in these
detention centers. Instead, because of the multiple issues that face juvenile detention centers,
academic growth is often ignored (Morrison and Epps 2002). To efficiently restore young people in
America 's juvenile justice system, those who are in custody require more educational services that
can help develop their educational skills. Foster, Williamson, and Buchannon (2004) reported on a
successful reading program that was implemented at a juvenile

Juvenile Delinquency In Juveniles
About 40–80 percent of incarcerated juveniles have one ,at least, diagnosable mental health disorder.
Juvenile delinquency is the act of criminal activity of a person under 18. After a juvenile is
sentenced to a detention center , this punishment dates back to 1899. In 1899 the Illinois juvenile
court act was created with the intention of no longer trying children under sixteen as an adult in
order to avoid adult prisons. Adult prisons weren't providing the children with the rehabilitation they
need, the act wanted to focus on rehabilitation instead of punishment when it came to children.
Detention centers should not focus on punishment because cChildren's brain's are not yet fully
developed, they have poor decision making skills, and the detention center should focus on
reforming and helping the child instead of concentrating on punishment. The area of the brain where
rational decisions are made is not fully developed until the age of 25. It does not matter how high
they are able to score on a test or how well they do in school, the emotional part of an adolescent's
brain and the decision making area is still developing a connection. The adolescent brain has an urge
to engage in experimentations which can include alcohol to different and other misbehaviors.
Adolescents are still weaving their way to find a spot in a society where their impressionable young
brains are influenced by criminal activities that seem acceptable. Young brains are not

Just Mercy Essays : Juveniles Being Tried As Adults
In Contrast to Bryan Stevenson's "Just Mercy" stories of juveniles being tried as adults, Jason
Zeidenberg in the article "The Risks Juveniles Face When They Are Incarcerated with Adults"
strongly emphasizes the dangers and consequences that juveniles face when they are tried as adults.
Zeidenberg states the consequences of juveniles being raped, assaulted, committing suicide and the
effects of being victimized. Children who are housed in the same facility as Adults is not a good idea
nor a good mix, according to Zeidenberg a "15–year–old girl was sexually assaulted in Ohio by a
deputy after she was placed in an adult jail for a minor in fraction." "In Kentucky, a 15–year–old
boy was placed in a jail cell following an argument with his ... Show more content on
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Not one person, was created to be perfect beings, but children are pure and innocent and their
mental and critical thinking skills are not fully developed and strong enough to handle adult prisons.
On the other hand, children are most likely to vividly remember delinquent actions they performed
whether it was done intentionally in a "heat of the moment" action such as Charlie's case in Bryan
Stevenson's "Just Mercy" or unintentionally due to peer–pressure or self–protection in most
juveniles' case. Moreover, the justice system is hypocritical to their own children, "Protect the
young" but places the young in harm's way. Children in adult prisons are prone to rape, suicide and
assault than in juvenile detention centers according to studies on juvenile suicide in adult institutions
and youth facilities in the1980's. The studies indicated that "the suicide rate of juveniles in adult jails
is 7.7 times more likely than of juvenile detention centers. In 1989, five times as many youth held in
adult prisons answered yes to the question "has anyone attempted to sexually attack or rape you"
than those held in juvenile institutions while about 10% of the youth interviewed reported a sexual
attack, or rape attempt.(Zeidenberg).Another factor of why children should not be tried as adults is
that youths are easily victimized and beaten up by inmates and most likely staff, they are also for
example

The Overuse Of Juvenile Detention Centers For Teens
Overuse of Juvenile Detention Centers Before some kids can graduate high school, get a driver's
license, or vote, many juveniles are ripped from their homes and sent to juvenile detention centers.
They will now spend the next week, three months, or year of their life surrounded by other troubled
teens, have minimum contact with siblings, parents, and other family members, suffer through
isolation, removal of visitations, and overcrowding. The use of juvenile detention centers is
overused and the practices within these centers have damaging effects on teens. An estimated 8,000
juvenile cases are reported to the Nebraska Crime Commission each year. More than half are of the
age of 15 and 70% of the juveniles who are detained are not public safety threats or threats to
themselves. They should be rehabilitated through less restrictive means. These juveniles are sent to
one of the nine juvenile detention centers in Nebraska. There are two state youth centers run by the
Department of Health and Human Services. One for males, located in Kearney and one for females,
located in Geneva. The two state facilities run by the Nebraska Department of Corrections are
Nebraska Correctional Youth Center and Nebraska Correctional Center for Women. Along with state
facilities, there are five county facilities located in Douglas, Lancaster, and Sarpy County, Norfolk,
and Scotts Bluff. (Growing Up Locked Down ). One form of punishment used in detention centers
all over the United States is the

The Pros And Cons Of School To Prison Pipeline
What is school to prison pipeline?
In the last decade, the punitive and overzealous tools and approaches of the modern criminal justice
system have seeped into our schools, serving to remove children from mainstream educational
environments and funnel them onto a one–way path toward prison. These various policies,
collectively referred to as the School–to–Prison Pipeline, push children out of school and hasten
their entry into the juvenile, and eventually the criminal, justice system, where prison is the end of
the road. Historical inequities, such as segregated education, concentrated poverty, and racial
disparities in law enforcement, all feed the pipeline. The School–to–Prison Pipeline is one of the
most urgent challenges in education today. (NAACP 2005)
School to Prison Pipeline is a zero–tolerance policy enforced by the school, police officer, and a
judge. It is punishable by a ticket, court appearance, and even put away in prison or a juvenile
detention center. Also, includes the presence of a police officer at the schools, which can include
harsh tactics, physical restraint, punishments that result in suspensions, expulsion, or "push out" of
class. Why are we letting this happen to your kids? If these children are supposed to be the next
generation, we must help them not end up in prison, for minimal things they do. Who is in the
Pipeline?
There are two groups of students in the Pipeline, racial minorities and children with disabilities.
In 2000, African

Juvenile Justice System In The Film 'Kids For Cash'
The U.S. Constitution guarantees every defendant a right to counsel and to a fair trial. That right is
often rationed. Those with financial resources receive the best justice money can buy, while the poor
are left with a little justice system valuing expediency over quality, resulting in the majority of cases
ending in plea bargains (Love, 2017). "Kids for Cash" is a judicial scandal that was investigated. In
the year 2009, Federal investigated Luzerne County courts where numerous criminal behaviors were
unveiled from the bench. The investigation unveiled and exposed Ciavarella, 58, along with
Conahan, 56, corruptly and fraudulently "created the potential for an increased number of juvenile
offenders to be sent to juvenile detention facilities," ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Pennsylvania Supreme Court approved rule 152, a court rule, "that requires juveniles under 14
years of age to have a lawyers at all delinquency proceedings; youth 14 years and older may waive
their right to counsel only in limited circumstance and only if the court is satisfied that the juvenile
made a knowing, intelligent, and voluntary waiver of that right ("Juvenile Law Center", 2012)".
Because juveniles were restraint like criminals when they are being arrested, the PSC adopted Rule
139, "prohibiting the use of various restraints, including handcuffs, chains, shackles, irons or
straitjackets on children appearing in court ("Juvenile Law Center", 2012)". The only way they can
use such restraints is if the court determines, "after providing the youth with an opportunity to be
heard that they are necessary to prevent physical harm, stop disruptive behavior that creates the
potential for harm, or to keep the juvenile from fleeing ("Juvenile Law Center", 2012)". In cases like
this, it is necessary to restrain them. In the movie, it was unnecessary to constrain a juvenile with a
minor

Essay on Restorative Action for Juvenile Justice Centers
Juvenile justice is the area of criminal law for a person not old enough to be held responsible for
their criminal actions ("Juvenile Justice"). In most states this kind of categorization is determined by
age, set at eighteen years old. In general, juvenile law is governed by state law and most states have
an individual juvenile code set in place that contributes to the number of youth in detention centers
today ("Juvenile Justice"). Despite the lowest youth crime rates in twenty years, according to
Holman and Ziedenberg (2006), hundreds of thousands of juveniles are locked away each year.
Detention centers are intended to provide temporary housing for youth who are described as having
high risk of re–offence before trial or who are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the other hand, youth in custody for minor crimes, that are not considered a risk to public safety,
may be released to the custody of their parents or guardian, while awaiting court proceedings
("Detention Services"). Within twenty four hours of detainment, youth attend their court hearing
where the judge decides whether or not they shall continue serving time in the detention center and
if so, how long they will be detained ("Detention Services"). Generally there is a 21–day limit to
secure detention, but those charged with serious offenses can be held up to 30 days ("Detention
Services"). The amount of time detained depends upon the limit, differing state to state. Detention is
the custody status for youth who are held following to a court order or after being taken into custody
for violation of the law ("Detention Services"). Criteria for detention, according to the Florida
Department of Juvenile Justice, include current offenses, prior history, legal status, and any
aggravating or mitigating factors ("Detention Services"). While in the juvenile centers educational
assessments and full–time services are provided to school age youth ("Detention Services"). These
services are funded by the Department of Education through local school districts ("Detention
Services"). Along with educational services; medical, substance abuse, and mental health services
are also

Juveniolent Crimes Should Be Tried As Adults
Juveniles with a record of violent offenses should be tried as adults. The crimes that these juveniles
have committed are serious enough that they should be tried with one offense, and their age
shouldn't matter. The crimes that fall under violent felonies are included but not limited to murder of
the first and second degree, voluntary manslaughter, rape, vehicular manslaughter, assault,
kidnapping in the first degree, and robbery. All of these felonies have the intent or known
consequence of causing harm to another individual. The factors that lead me to believe that this
should be the case, juvenile detention centers are becoming overcrowded, the effect that prison
causes on a teen, and how
In 1999 there were approximately 104,000 arrests for violent felonies and of that 16% were
committed by juveniles, that's about 16,640 kids being arrested. The crime rate has seen a decline
over the years, this could be attributed to many different factors. Crimes rates have dropped 36%
since 1994, the problem with sending them to detention centers is that they are becoming too
overcrowded, most juvenile detention centers in the United States are about 25% over capacity
(Anderson 74). An example of this is the New Beginnings youth detention center built in 2009, it is
supposed to house up 60 youths, but within months filled to over capacity at 80 residents residing in
the facility. At some point they won't be able to rehabilitate every single juvenile, because it can cost
up to $240

Incarcerating Juveniles In The Prison System
In America we sometimes house juveniles and adults in the same prison system. In the state of
Wisconsin in 2014, we have incarcerated 121 minors into the adult system. While incarcerating
these juveniles in the prison system some may wonder how does it affect a juvenile, Also what
problems do they face while in prison and lastly, how has their life change for better or worse after
they are released back into society.
First and foremost the juveniles make up 1,200 of the people in state prison system according to the
Office of Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention. And according to The race of juveniles that are
more likely to be arrested in the nation to be put in either the juvenile or adult system is black who
make up of 40 percent of the popultion. The most common gender that are arrested and charged are
males. Lastly the most common crime that a juvenile is a non violent crime which 31,702 juveniles
are charged with a non violent crime. It is hard to believe that America can incarcerate 50,000
juveniles in one year. Secondly, some ask what is being done to rehabilitate a juvenile that ... Show
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However if we take a step back and look at how incarcerating youth is hurting them. According to
the risks juveniles face when they are incarcerated with adults written by Jason Zeidenberg
"juveniles are more likely to be targeted for rape five times more than the adult prisoner and suicide
rates among juveniles are 7.7 times higher than those that are in juvenile detention centers." Those
two statistics alone explains the reason juveniles should not be placed in prison with adults. Another
reason juveniles should not be locked up with adults is because "juveniles are twice as likely to be
beaten up by staff." This statistic is very sickening because in the prison the people the juveniles
should trust are also bringing them

Essay on Kentucky Department of Juvenile Justice
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention found that high numbers of detention orders
were being issued for status youth statewide. The main issue of concern was the valid court order
exception to the DSO core requirement was used 2,000 times. This allowed judges to order non–
delinquent youth in locked detention facility whose most serious violations involved repeat offenses
of running away, skipping school or being rebelling against authority figures. The disturbing thing
about this statistic is that the same year almost half the other states used the VCO 250 times or less.
Three states used the VCO more than 1,000 times. Kentucky's overuse of detention orders at that
time raised eyebrows in light of the cash for kid's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some research suggests that treatment of Kentucky youth of color results in educational
opportunities that are lost and limits successful maturation to adults. (Grieshop et al, 2009)
Evidence–based studies imply that youth of color are being placed in detention at a higher rate all
throughout juvenile justice system not only in Kentucky but, nationwide. Disproportionate minority
contact (DMC) in juvenile justice alludes to youth of color being place into the system at a greater
rate than their Caucasian counterparts. All races break the law at about the same rate; however,
youth of color are arrested, charged and institutionalized at a higher percentage than Caucasians for
similar offenses. African–Americans made up 16 percent of all youth in the United States, but
constituted 28 percent of youth arrests, 30 percent of referrals to juvenile court, 37 percent of
detained youth, 34 percent of youth formally processed by juvenile court, 30 percent of youth
adjudicated delinquent, 35 percent of youth judicially waived to criminal court, 38 percent of youth
in residential placement, and 58 percent of youth sent to state adult prisons. (Grieshop et al 2009)
E.) Overuse and Cost – Kentucky Youth Advocates and the Child Law Center say about 1,746
Kentucky Youth were locked up in 2009 for status offenses. This statistic is almost 20 percent of all
youth incarcerated. The report

Risk Prediction Paper: Risk Assessment case studies of...
Worksheets, such as the Missouri and Washington Risk Assessments are valuable tools used by
criminal justice practitioners. Moreover, Risk Assessment scales are used in both formal and
informal capacities, to determine the potential risk or harm an individual poses to society should he
or she be released from detention or custody. The following is an example of how the Missouri and
Washington Risk Assessment worksheets can be utilized when applied in two completely different
cases; it is important to remember that the primary purpose of both Risk Assessment Scales are to
identify specific classifications of juvenile offenders. Offenders are classified on a scale of being
low, moderate, or at high–risk behavior and each assessment places ... Show more content on
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Moreover, the Missouri Risk Assessment risk score for Colleen was 8, placing her in the High Risk
Level. This assessment was quick and fast. But not enough information was provided for Colleen in
the information that was provided.
The Washington Risk Assessment pre–screen risk score for Colleen resulted in the High Risk Level.
The first section of the assessment was criminal history score, of which Colleen scored 12 points.
The second section score for social history, Colleen scored 15 points. The assessment used both
results of the criminal history score and social history to determine the risk level, Colleen 's scored a
High Risk Level.
The Washington Risk Assessment pre–screen risk also had a section on attitude and behavior but it
did not used it to determine the score of the risk level. Some of the questions in the assessment
really did not pertain to Colleen.
The second individual evaluated was Xander L. a 17–year–old black male and recognized gang
member.
Offenses.
Xander was immediately arrested for possession of a concealed weapon. Xander pled guilty to the
charge.
Priors.
Xander has previous run–in with the law. This juvenile adjudication includes purse snatching,
breaking and entering into homes and drug possession. His first juvenile adjudication started at the

age of 13 years old.
Sentence Served.
Xander spent a year in

The Missouri Model Of Juvenile Justice
Historically, courts have punished and confined youth of all ages and genders in jails and
penitentiaries. With few options available, youths were indiscriminately confined with hardened
adult criminals in large, overcrowded, and lifeless penal institutions. Work by pioneering penal
reformers eventually led to change. The Missouri Model of juvenile justice was born after a 1969
federal report condemned "quasi–penal–military" atmospheres found in juvenile jails (Mendel
2010). Institutions that follow the Missouri Model focus on restorative justice, access to group
treatment, individual therapy, and a humane environment. Juvenile offenders have basic necessities
such as food and shelter, but also have access to education, recreation, health care, and counseling,
all provided in a safe atmosphere. The Missouri Model of juvenile justice was initially intended to
be a pilot program in Missouri, but has now spread its influence and success to California, New
Mexico, Louisiana, and Washington D.C (Lombardi 2011).
Restorative Justice
Restorative justice is a style of discipline found within the criminal justice system that focuses on
the rehabilitation of juvenile and adult offenders through reconciliation with victims and society at
large (Richards 2009). Practices and programs that reflect restorative purposes will respond to crime
by identifying harm and pain caused, taking steps to mitigate damage, and finally repairing the harm
caused. Restorative justice encompasses all

Research Paper On Juvenile Delinquency
What is a Juvenile? A juvenile is a person who has not reached his or her 18th birthday. Juvenile
delinquency is the violation of a law of the United States committed by a person prior to reaching 18
years of age, which would have been a crime committed by an adult (office). There are many
residential programs put in place all over the country to help these youths that are coming in and out
of the Criminal Justice system. Once these Juveniles come out of jail, or get released on bond, they
sometimes do not have a stable place to go to and live. As these youths are leaving the jail facility
there are a wide variety of residential programs to help them get back on their feet. These residential
programs include Out of home placement in an institutional or camp like setting, or they might be
eligible for an alternative placement, such a community confinement. (programs)
Statistics shows that in 1999, nearly one in every 4 adjudicated delinquency cases resulted in out of
home placement for the juvenile. Placement cases have grown by almost 24 percent in less than 10
years, from 124,900 in 1990 to 155,200 in 1999. However, this statistic might be a bit old, recent
statistics shows that there has been a steep decline in the number of juveniles going into placement
programs. In 2006, there were about 93,000 juveniles in residential placement, and by 2008 there
were just over 86,000 in public or private residential placement facilities. There is yet to be an exact
reason on why there

The Correlation Of Mental Health And Substance Use
Running head: Forensic Social Work Research Paper 1
13
Forensic Social Work Research Paper
Research Paper
Emmanuel Olaiya
North Carolina Central University
Dr. Larry D. Williams, PhD,
November. 29, 2016
The correlation of mental health and substance use in adolescence is very problematic. Many
believe that the relationship between the two are so strong that it plays a causative role in the
development of adolescents. It places adolescents at risk for problems within their families,
communities, and as an individual. This disease can be severe enough that it impairs the adolescent
's ability to function as a person. Both mental health and substance abuse are entangled within one
another, that it makes it difficult to decipher which condition is causing each symptom. However,
several research studies concluded that adolescents who suffer from mental illness may self–
medicate their symptoms by using drugs. The juvenile justice systems suffer from adolescents with
mental health disorders, substance abuse or even both.
A difficult challenge to the juvenile justice system and child welfare system is working with
adolescents with comorbid difficulties, causing these adolescents to becoming at risk for
incarceration and involvement with the juvenile and adult justice system. The juvenile justice
system appears to be having a challenging time in determining how to respond and treat adolescents
with mental health and substance use. "Many

Rehabilitation In Juvenile Prisons
Every year in the US, 2.2 million juveniles are arrested and 110,000 are kept in juvenile correction
facilities (Unruh, Povenmire–Kirk, & Yamamoto, 2009). Of those adolescents who end up
incarcerated, there is a 55% recidivism rate within a year of them being discharged. Criminal
activity in late adolescence is prognostic of criminal activity in later adulthood and those convicted
of a crime during adolescence have a tough path to adulthood. Many juvenile correction facilities
have systems set up in preparation for a successful entry back into society and to promote a future
that is free of crime. It is important that these juveniles get an education while they are behind bars
which is not an aspect of adult detention centers. This paper will ... Show more content on
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This helps to ensure their success by closely monitoring their actions and making sure they're
staying on track. Parole officers' main goals are to decrease recidivism, promote the juvenile's safety
and wellbeing, and to hold them accountable for their own behavior. There are six different
approaches to probation: deterrence, treatment, confrontation, restorative justice, counseling, and
behavioral tactics (Shwalbe, Maschi, 2009). The deterrence aspect focuses on giving youth the
expectation that if they commit a crime, legal authorities will find out about it and punishment is
inevitable. This forces the juveniles to think about if the costs of committing an illegal act outweigh
the benefits or vice versa. When the punishments are viewed as severe, crimes are less likely to be
committed. Probation may also be used alternatively to serving a sentence in juvenile detention
centers. For minor offenses, it is sometimes viewed that probation or parole may be more beneficial
to the juvenile than incarceration would

Restorative Action for Juvenile Justice Centers Essay
Mental Health
With two–thirds of young people in detention centers meeting the criteria for having a mental
disorder we can see that major changes need to be made (Holman & Ziedenberg, 2006). According
to Holman and Ziedenberg (2006), a little more than a third of these juveniles need continuous
clinical care. This rate is twice as high as the adolescent populace not detained in juvenile centers
(Holman & Ziedenberg, 2006).
So why is the occurrence of mental illness among the detained youth so high? The primary reason is
because those youth who are suffering from mental illness have nowhere else to turn. Mental health
facilities have rapidly disappeared over the years, leaving those suffering with mental illness on the
streets without the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In recent studies, not only has the overcrowding been linked to more cases of depression and
anxiety, it has also shown increases in staff and youth altercations and injuries (Jones & Wordes,
1998).
Education
According to Koyama (2012), students that stay in school are less likely to offend than those who
dropout. So right off the bat we can see how important schooling is not only for the rest of the
young adult's life but also to keep them on the straight and narrow while they are young. Although
the youth in these centers do receive helpful education services to keep them on track, while
incarcerated, until they return to school, only forty–three percent of incarcerated youth will return
after release, and another sixteen percent will drop out after only five months back in school
(Holman & Ziedenberg, 2006). The effects of being absent from school for a period of one to thirty
days can be seriously detrimental for a student, especially if they were struggling before having
missed multiple days. Curriculum has now come and gone and the youth may feel like there is no
way for them to get back on track. The dropout rate not only says huge things about the educational
services inside of the juvenile centers, it also displays scary statistics for these young adults.
Whether or not they finish school will likely effect their employment, economic and even
relationship status for the rest

Rehabilitating America 's Youth : A Look At The Concerning...
Rehabilitating America's Youth: A Look at the Concerning Impacts of the Juvenile Justice System.
Jonathan D. Estep Theories of Criminal Behavior CRJU3110 Dr. Evaristus Obinyan Middle Georgia
State University November 22, 2016 Abstract This research takes a look at, the current state of the
American Juvenile Justice Center in order to determine whether or not it has been effective in
fulfilling its purpose. This research implements both primary and secondary sources including peer
reviewed articles, professional assessment, and readings from the course text. The focus of the
research aimed at exposing the negative impacts affecting the youth in the Juvenile Justice Center,
highly negative environments and the damage to developmental growth. Rehabilitating America's
Youth: A Look at the Concerning Impacts of the Juvenile Justice System. It has been almost 171
years since the establishment of America's first juvenile detention center. Despite the change in
culture, developments in psychology, and many years of application, the countries approach to
reconciling criminal activity among youth has changed very little. A marginally refitted form of the
model of adult incarceration, with a small amount of programming added in, has been the standard
for rehabilitating delinquents set forth. It is absurd and ancient standard that has only produced
failure at a high cost. The American Juvenile Justice System and its laws are in need of a overhaul to
a system

Your Toolbox Of Social Work Skills
Your toolbox of social work skills
What are skills? Others can define skills in several of ways. How I define skills is being able to do
things but being very good at it, also to be able to pick up fast on a project that is given to you, or to
be proficiency at something that interest a person or a job. Skills mean the ability, coming from
one's knowledge, practice, aptitude, etc., to do something well. My toolbox of social work skills
which I use in my field would consist of the PACT Assessment, RAI Juvenile Risk Assessment,
Data collected by DYRS, communicate with the clients and also provide counseling and services as
needed. With the PACT Assessment the tools I use for this skills is being able to process the
probation intakes, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Evaluate your practicum mission statement
I am place at the DYRS Family Court Liaison Unit. The department mission statement is to
effectively represent DSCYF in court proceeding by providing a department perspective resulting in
recommendations that are presented in one voice and support positive outcomes for all participants.
The mission statement is exactly what is presented in the court. I rate the mission statement as is a
five to be an excellent statement. Everything I do in my field is basically everything that the mission
statement states. I like how the liaisons advocate for the youth and support the family. One thing that
I dislike is sometimes the parents come in with attitudes and the liaison have to compromise with
who they are, and I can understand how hard that can be, but it has been done.
The Liaison unit represents the Department in juvenile bail proceedings and provides intake services
for youth who have been ordered to community supervision by DYRS. This statement is what I have
been doing since the first day I started. The client has to fill out the form, and when it comes down
to processing the intakes it is hard to read some of the hand writing which can be frustrated at times.
I like doing intakes, adding the clients into the system. Good thing about intakes, it barely be more
than 5 intakes a day. My field placement is a good experience; I like to hear most of the stories
about the clients, because I am amaze by what the children do to put

Mental Health Status
Mental Health is based on emotional, psychological, and social well–being. These factors are based
on social interactions, actions, and thoughts. There are various factors that can influence an
individual's mental health such as biological factors, social exclusion, and inclusion, as well as
societal pressures. However, someone's mental health can be compromised when they encounter
physical abuse, sexual abuse, and depression. This can cause the individual to develop PTSD which
generally cultivates after facing a traumatic situation such as a near death experience. Consequently,
when proper care and resources aren't given to people in need they are unable to function to the best
of their ability. Though, PTSD can be largely considered an issue ... Show more content on
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Since this is an issue amongst children who have grown up in homes of neglect, programs for after
schools should be integrated. Programs such as Big Brother/Big Sister have been instituted to help
students who are in risk of facing judicial issues amongst other issues. However, there is challenges
associated with creating these programs because of funding. In order to get additional funding for
programs such as after schools they're needs to be enough money in the budget to pay the
employer's, pay for necessary equipment, and other expenses. Generally, single income households
and neglectful homes are usually lower income households; therefore, the program would have to be
free or at a reduced price which can also pose as an issue.
The importance of help for people in juvenile detention halls is very important and can be very dire.
Programs and prevention programs need to be instituted for proper care to be given so that help can
be received and so when the rejoin society they can be flourishing

Juvenile Detention Centers And Its Impact On Rehabilitation
Chapter Two
Literature Review
Introduction
The juvenile justice system in America has been through numerous phases of growth. In recent
years, it has endured extensive changes that have taken place as a product of reforms made to
revitalize the innovative principle of juvenile justice, the idea of bringing individual justice and
treatment to the heart of the system. This assessment of related literature looks particularly at the
accessible studies on juvenile detention centers in order to prove the negative effects of taking a
disciplinary approach in juvenile justice. It starts with an historical evaluation in order to place the
increase of detention centers in context. This paper subsequently goes on to talk about detailed
problems ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Finally, literature on the juvenile justice system often focuses on program implementation and
effectiveness at addressing rehabilitation, as well as diversion techniques within the system
(Greenwood, 2008). This review audits these problems in detail and establishes them within the
bigger struggle in the juvenile justice system to rehabilitate youth offenders.
Historical Context Juvenile justice has proved to be as imprudent as it is practical. Snyder and
Sickmund (1999) found that as early as 1825, there was a significant push to establish a separate
juvenile justice system focused on rehabilitation and treatment. The procedure continued to stay
focused on the rehabilitation of a person, even though financial support and assets sustained to hold
back its achievement. In reaction to rising juvenile crime rates in the 1980s', more corrective laws
were approved (Snyder and Sickmund 1999). In the 1990s, the United States legal system took
further steps regarding transfer provisions that lowered the threshold at which juveniles could be
tried in criminal court and sentenced to adult prison (Snyder and Sickmund 1999). Furthermore,
laws were enacted that allowed prosecutors and judges more discretion in their sentencing options;
and confidentiality standards, which made juvenile court proceedings and records more available to
the public (Snyder and Sickmund 1999), were reduced. Simpson (1976) found that other recent

Benefits Of Juvenile Detention Centers
Most detention centers do not have an adequate environment for juveniles to change their ways and
become useful members of society. Some juvenile offenders never leave a life of crime, even though
they were reformed at a detention center. "Though the stated aim of secure juvenile facilities is
reform, the data does not lie: detainees and minors committed to a detention center are more likely
than non–detainees to be arrested as an adult" ("Make Sure You Know The Juvenile Detention
Statistics and Trends"). As such, if juveniles getting released from detention centers are going to get
arrested as an adult, then the centers are not doing their job of making them better members of
society. Not only do juveniles get sent back, but if the offender

Essay about Juvenile Recidivism
Introduction: Recidivism or, habitual relapses into crime, has time and time again proven to be an
issue among delinquents, which thereby increases the overall juvenile prison population. This issue
has become more prevalent than what we realize. Unless a unit for measuring a juvenile's risk of
recidivism is enacted and used to determine a system to promote effective prevention, than the
juvenile prison population will continue to increase. Our court system should not only focus on
punishing the said juvenile but also enforce a program or policy that will allow for prevention of
recidivism. So the question remains, how can recidivism in the juvenile prison population be
prevented so that it is no longer the central cause for increased ... Show more content on
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Not only this but, "offenders who commit new offenses after court contact are at risk for a variety of
poor developmental and life course outcomes, including school failure, out of home placements,
occupational marginality, and long–term involvement in criminal activity" (Schwalbe 2004). As
seen here, this is a downward spiral. Active reform has never before been at such a demand. As
recidivism and juvenile delinquency continues to increase, not only will national crime rates and
juvenile prison populations inflate, but the diminishing of an educated, safe, and economically stable
society will also be affected regrettably. If juveniles whom continue to commit repeat criminal
offenses lack school initiative, family support, and job exposure, than relatively as recidivism and
juvenile criminal activity increases, our nation's standard of living will consequently lower.
For those who are simply interested in the costs, it may be fairly surprising. It is a common and
misconceived ideal that incarceration is a cheap and easy way to contain criminals, in this case
juveniles. However, due to the fact that the incarceration itself has not in any way hindered criminal
activity rates or decreased juvenile recidivism, taxpayers are simply investing more money into
these detention facilities and court proceedings than what is realized. Let's look at a specific
detention facility for example. The Cook

Juvenile Delinquency Is The Highest Rate Of Incarceration...
Introduction
The United States has the highest rate of incarceration in the world, this country is known to have
the greatest number of people go to jail yearly than any other state shown in records. Chicago,
Illinois is known to be the city that never sleeps, the city that encompasses the highest rates of
homicides, drug smuggling and highest incarceration rates among African American males.
Delinquency is a social term in society often used to describe individuals who have been involved in
criminal activity. This term refers to criminal behavior, which is variously defined by different legal
systems. Juvenile Delinquency is prominent in inner city communities– vastly lower income poverty
shook areas.
Background
Juvenile Delinquents are being incarcerated at earlier ages as time progresses. The term delinquent
speaks of two or more youths, typically amongst the ages of ten and seventeen years old, who are
involved in doings well–defined as illegal. The study of juvenile delinquents in inner city Chicago
have been studied for many years and the rates continue to sky rocket as juveniles are being locked
down by the justice system. Cases of violence amongst juveniles has been increasing rapidly in the
past 20 years, juveniles are now linked to severer crimes, and it can be speculated that regardless of
efforts of rehabilitation that the recidivism of juveniles relapsing is very great. Thus leading to
physiological and mental problems that can be damaging to the youth as

The Effects Of Solitary Confinement On Adolescents
The Effects of Solitary Confinement in Adolescents Solitary confinement is a method of reform in
prisons, which is mainly used when inmates defy the rules and regulations of the prison system. It is
also used to protect juveniles from adult inmates and/or dangerous situations within the prison;
however, solitary confinement can be viewed as cruel and unusual punishment. Prisoners can be in
complete isolation in a cell that is approximately six feet by eight feet with little or no light; there is
limited access to rehabilitation or education and limited physical exercise. Solitary confinement is
not limited to adults. It is also used in juvenile detention centers and state prisons across the United
States. Adolescents are still developing mentally and physically, and as a result serious mental,
physical and developmental issues can emerge or worsen when in confinement for long periods of
time. Juvenile detention centers, State and local prisons should invest in a more adequate solution to
rehabilitate incarcerated juveniles, such as educational programs, extensive psychotherapy and
counseling. Many adolescents entering detention centers and prisons may already have pre–existing
mental disorders from past violence and abuse. As Lutz stated (2016), "research shows more than
half of all suicides in juvenile facilities occurred while young people were held in isolation."
Prolonged isolation can be grueling on any healthy adult, and it can have a severe impact on a
minor. Kalief

Deviant Youths Essay
Deviant youths are sent to boot camps or detention centers for committing crimes in their society.
Together, they are our youth correction facilities but they are not as "safe" as one may speculate;
they are flawed for reasons that like how they produce faulty results, the abusive treatment from
staff and the poor living conditions. One example of a fault for many of these facilities is the unfair
treatment from the staff. A report has shown that "1 in 10 kids in Juvenile Facilities have reported
sexual abuse from staff." Homosexual youths are even more at risk; 1 in 5 has reported such abuse
as well (Human Rights Watch.) These adults are not promoting the safety and security these
institutions are supposed to live by and for many it may ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, in boot camps kids who enter there with bad habits are more likely to leave with them,
learning nothing (Boarding Schools–Troubled Teens.) In jail, studies found that 50–70% of
offenders were rearrested within one to two years after they are released (Mahidol University.)
These camps and facilities only work with longer sentences; short term sentencing doesn't benefit
them in the long run because improvements don't develop right away to work. Finally, certain youth
correctional facilities have poor living conditions that are unstable to live. For example, in boot
camps, the focus is mainly on physical activity and discipline military style (Teen Boot Camps.)
These methods prove to be physically demanding and for many it may be too much to handle.
Youths are stipped from their freedoms and are locked away in cells that can be dirty and cramped.
They have to live everyday with no privacy, constant threats and curses from other youths as well as
feelings of anger and fear that often resurfaces. As a result, this isolation has a notable effect on
behaviour. Disruptive disorders may arise with high possibilities of substance abuse and suicides
(The National Center for Mental Health and Juvenile Justice). The lack of healthcare is also a
problem. In one facility, over 44% were diagnosed with a substance use disorder. Only 50% were
getting the treatment. In another,

Juvenile Delinquency Is The Highest Rate For Juvenile Crime
The way the courts deal with juvenile delinquents varies depending on the country. Even the age of
criminal responsibility is different depending on the country. Most people think when you become
18 you are no longer a minor and can be charged as an adult, well in Japan until you are 20 you can
still be charged as a minor. In germany they consider 21 a legal adult .On the other hand when you
become 17 in Australia you are charged as an adult. They way they treat juveniles in prison also
differs. The punishments they receive, the programs they have and the privileges they offer are all
different. So why does the U.S have the highest rate for juvenile crime?
The United States has the highest rate for juvenile crime yet, like several other ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The U.S is currently the country in the world that sentences children to live in prison without parole
for crimes committed while under 18. The U.S has sentenced 2,570 minors to life without without
parole. There are many different pathways a juvenile can take once processed by the courts. Some
are sent back home to undergo rehabilitation, while the ones who are too violent are to be sent home
are sent to juvenile detention centers. The detention center offers mental health programs like;
individual counseling, group counseling, crisis counseling, family intervention, medication
management, and transition planning. They also offer educational programs so kids who are
incarcerated don't have to give up their rights to an education. Overcrowding is a huge problem in
juvenile detention centers which leads to tension between residents and staff, resulting in violence
and suicide attempt.
Japan is one of the safest countries in Asia. The Japanese law states that the act of a person under the
age of fourteen shall not be punished but, murder suspects between age 16 and 20 automatically face
a criminal trial. Although Japan has tried to stay away from sentencing juveniles, their courts have
many different options for juvenile placements. Family court

The Problem Of Juvenile Justice System
Abstract
Every process has room for improvement, but the juvenile justice system can be altered by adding in
possible solutions of what can be done to help this problem in American society. About 100 years
ago, juveniles were always tried as adults. Now, that the government has altered the system for the
better, the government knows that trying juveniles as adults is not always justified. It depends on the
crime, but the majority of the time, juveniles are often always tried as juveniles, based solely on
their age. Not only that has changed; the process of juvenile justice has changed as well to better
help the juveniles in the system. The rights of juveniles in the system have changed so that the
children can improve their lives once they are out of the system. Even though the process has
changed and the rights have improved for the juveniles, there are still many improvements to be
made. Studies show that recidivism rates are in fact going down, but the rate can always be better so
that juveniles do not return to a life of crime.
Juvenile Justice in Contemporary America
Juvenile delinquency has been a problem in the United States ever since it has been able to be
documented. From 100 years ago to now, the process of juvenile delinquency has changed
dramatically; from the way juveniles are tried, to the way that they are released back into society, so
that they do not return back to the justice system (Scott and Steinberg, 2008). Saying this, juveniles
tend to

Alternative Juvenile Placements : Alternative Programs For...
Alternative Juvenile Placements Alternative programs for youth were developed for mild and less
serious delinquents. Over the years, the program has seen a surge in electronic home monitoring,
community intensive supervision programs which service serious offenders in addition to minor
cases. At times, group homes may house repeated youth offenders. Regardless of the placement, 24–
hour supervision is provided in a unique way. The Community Intensive Supervision Program
(CISP) was created in 1990 by Allegheny County Juvenile Court as a need to provide more
supervision than what probation offered. This program is for males between the ages of 11–21.
Youth involved in this program may need additional supervision from probation or less supervision
when transitioning from a residential treatment facility. There are five locations in the Pittsburgh
area servicing youth from Garfield, the Hill, Homewood, McKeesport, Northside and Wilkinsburg
which service neighboring communities. One of the main goals of the program is to engage the
youth in the community which they live by holding them accountable for their behavior. Public
safety is also a main goal which is achieved through monitoring youth activities in the community
and in the home. Youth learn various decision–making techniques through cognitive behavioral
therapy. Aggression Replacement Training (ART) has been incorporated in the youth's individual
program to help address anger and social skills.

Evolution Of Juvenile Corrections
The evolution of juvenile detention centers has brought about tremendous growth of the juvenile
correctional facilities. With this growth, it is evident that there has been a decline in what is most
important for these centers. The evolution of juvenile justice facilities involves a transformation that
begins with the simple task of separating the youth from adults. The progression of youth detention
centers began in the 18th century and is still building as the system grows into the future. The idea
of a juvenile corrections facility began with the creation of the hospice of San Michele, located in
Rome, we can see that there was an increase in rehabilitation goals. Hospice of San Michele was the
first institution that housed juvenile criminals. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Elmira was the first reformatory in America. This facility was originally made for adult offenders,
but they used it for prisoners ages 16 to 30 years old who were serving their first sentence for any
crime (Allen, Latessa & Ponder, 2016). At this reformatory, there was a lot of importance placed on
education and trade training. Zebulon Reed Brockway established the Elmira program and made it
an educational structure that included less religious values and more secular instruction. Brockway
believed that prisons should not neglect the education or training of prisoners. The education
included the options of religious studies, military training, academic studies or moral instruction.
The military education was for prisoners who had an interest in pursuing the military after they were
released. This program began in 1888 with Joseph F. Scott who saw the military training as a
rehabilitation method. This military program was implemented at Elmira and encouraged
responsibility and a chance at life outside of the jail or prison (Elmira Reformatory, 2017). The
system used at Elmira were different from adult prisons because of their emphasis on the youth,
academics and intensive trade training and forms of Elmira were produced all over the country.
Elmira did adopt the indeterminate sentencing and the parole mark system as features for the
program. Brockway's program was the first attempt of educational and reformatory options given

Purpose Of The Juvenile Justice System
The way in which juvenile delinquents are dealt with by the courts varies depending on the country.
For example, the age of criminal responsibility is different depending on the country. Most people
think when you reach the age of 18 you are no longer a minor and can be charged as an adult;
however, in Japan you can be charged as a minor until the age of 20. In Germany, they consider a
person who is 21 or above a legal adult. On the other hand, at the age of 17 in Australia you are
charged as an adult. They way they treat juveniles in prison also differs. The punishments they
receive, the programs they have, and the privileges they offer are all different. So why does the U.S
have the highest rate of juvenile crime?
The United States has the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These laws from each respective country seem to have the best outcome for the juvenile's future.
The U.S has some good ideas with helping juveniles, but the U.S could also make some drastic
positive impacts in the lives of these minors by focusing more on rehabilitation and less on
incarceration. One example is the fact that the U.S sentences minors to life in prison; taking away
the possibility of returning to their families or becoming a contributing member of society. By
adopting some of these laws of other countries the U.S could cut down on costs of housing so many
inmates and, like Japan, keep them at minimum security detention centers. This would also allow
the possibility for juveniles to better their lives and in turn counsel other youth that are at risk of
getting in trouble with the law, decreasing the rate of juvenile crime; benefitting the system as a

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