This document discusses mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) systems and fire protection systems. It covers topics such as the need for MEP systems, fire triangles, causes and classifications of fires, National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) codes, firefighting systems like sprinklers and pumps, and sizing of fire water tanks and diesel tanks. The document is intended as training material for fire protection system design and hydraulic calculations using Elite software.

1. By Suresh.N – MEP Tutor
Hydraulic calculation on Elite Software
Fire Fighting Calculation
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2. What is MEP ?
Why it is needed ?
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3. It is enough to live in this structure ?
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4. Without MEP can’t able use the Space
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7. Fire – Fire Inform Response Evacuate
➢Good Servant But bad Master
➢Under Control
➢Not allow fire to be our master.
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8. Fire Triangle
Human brain Survive
without oxygen only
4 min
Fire estinguishes if oxygen
supply stop for 2 sec
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9. Causes of Fire
▪ House Keeping
▪ Smoking
▪ Welding / Gas cutting
▪ Ignorance of Fire hazard
▪ Kitchen
▪ Electrical Panel
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10. Classification of Fire

11. NFPA Standard for Fire fighting
National Fire protection Association
▪ Fire Alarm
▪ Fire Fighting
▪ Smoke Management
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12. NFPA Common Codes
Nfpa 1 Uniform Fire Code
Nfpa 10 Portable Fire Extinguishers
Nfpa 11 Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion Foam
Nfpa 12 Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems
Nfpa 13 Installation of Sprinkler Systems
Nfpa 14 Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems
Nfpa 20 Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection
Nfpa 22 Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection
Nfpa 25 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems
Nfpa 92A Smoke-Control Systems Utilizing Barriers and Pressure
Differences
Nfpa 99 Health Care Facilities
Nfpa 101 Life Safety Code
Nfpa 750 Water Mist Fire Protection Systems
Nfpa 2001 Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems
Nfpa 5000 Building Construction and Safety Code
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13. Approved organization
1- ul Underwriters Laboratories
2- c-ul ( CSA ) Underwriters’ Laboratories of Canada
3-FM Factory Mutual Research Corporation
4-LPS Loss Prevention Standards
5- VDS Verband der Schadenversicherer
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14. Fire fighting systems
1- Water systems
2- Gas systems ( Co2 , FM200 , aresol , novac, …
3- Foam system

15. Types of Systems
Wet pipe --------- by far the most common,
Dry-pipe --------- where water freezing is possible,
Deluge ------------ for high hazard applications,
Pre-Action ------- where concerns over water
damage.
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16. An opening sprinkler head triggers the system

17. ❑ Pipes in protected space are filled with air or inert gas; a
n opening sprinkler head, triggers the system by releasing th
e air or gas, which allows water to flow into the pipes and th
en out through the open sprinkler head,
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18. Deluge Sprinkler
❑ Pipes are not filled with water (or gas),
❑All sprinkler heads are pre-opened,
❑A signal from a detection device mechanically opens a wate
r valve,
▪ water fills the pipes and flows from all heads,
▪ water flows until shut off,
▪ system is reset.

19. ❑ Pipes in protected area are empty; a detector signal trigger
s the system, allowing water/foam to enter pipes and flow fr
om all sprinkler heads (which are already open),

20. ❑ Pipes in protected area are empty; a detector signal trigger
s the system, allowing water to enter pipes and flow into pipi
ng network; heat from a fire may then open a sprinkler head;
accidental damage to a head will not result in water flow,

22. System component
1- water tank
2- pump
3- control valve
4- FCV or ZCV
5- water discharge
element ( sprinkler ,
hose )

23. Sprinkler
2- Temperature rating (color code ) .

24. Sprinkler
2- Temperature rating (color code ) fast response .

25. Sprinkler
4-Installation orientation (3.6.2)

26. Sprinkler Heads
❑ Storage Cabinet;
▪ extra heads
▪ sprinkler wrench
❑ Cabinets hold a minimum of six sprinklers and sprinkler wre
nch in accordance with NFPA® 13.
• Less than 300 heads min 6 spares
• 300 – 1,000 heads min 12 spares
• More than 1000 heads min 24 spares

27. Fire water tank & Pump
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28. Zone control Valve
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30. Sprinkler system
classification of system based on occupancy :
1- light hazard
Light hazard occupancies shall be defined as occupancies or portions of other occupancies wh
ere the quantity and/or combustibility of contents is low and fires with relatively low rates of h
eat release are expected
Ex : A.5.2 Light hazard occupancies include occupancies having uses and conditions similar t
o the following:
(1) Animal shelters (2) Churches
(3) Clubs
(4) Educational (5) Hospitals, including animal hospitals and veterinary facilities
(6) Institutional (7) Kennels
(8) Libraries, except large stack rooms (9) Museums
(10) Nursing or convalescent homes
(11) Offices, including data processing
(12) Residential
(13) Restaurant seating areas
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31. Sprinkler system
classification of system based on occupancy :
Ordinary 1 :
A.5.3.1 Ordinary hazard (Group 1) occupancies include occupancies
having uses and conditions similar to the following:
(1) Automobile parking and showrooms
(2) Bakeries
(3) Beverage manufacturing
(4) Canneries (5) Dairy products manufacturing and processing
(6) Electronic plants
(7) Glass and glass products manufacturing
(8) Laundries
(9) Restaurant service areas
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32. Sprinkler system
classification of system based on occupancy :
Ordinary 2 :
A.5.3.2 Ordinary hazard (Group 2) occupancies include occupancies having us
es and conditions similar to the following: (1)Agricultural facilities
(2) Cereal mills (3) Confectionery products (4) Distilleries
(5) Dry cleaners (6) Feed mills (7) Horse stables (8) Leather goods manufacturin
g
(9) Libraries — large stack room areas (10) Machine shops
(11) Metal working (12) Mercantile (13) Paper and pulp mills
(14) Paper process plants (15) Piers and wharves
(16) Plastics fabrication (17) Post offices (18) Printing and publishing (19) Repair
garages (20) Stages (21) Textile manufacturing
(22) Tire manufacturing (23) Tobacco products manufacturing
(24) Wood machining (25) Wood product assembly

33. classification of system based on occupancy :
Extra Hazard (Group 1).
A.5.4.1 Extra hazard (Group 1) occupancies include occupancies
having uses and conditions similar to the following
(1) Aircraft hangars (except as governed by NFPA 409)
(2) Combustible hydraulic fluid use areas
(3) Die casting
(4) Metal extruding
(5) Plywood and particleboard manufacturing
(6) Printing [using inks having flash points below 100°F (38°C)]
(7) Rubber reclaiming, compounding, drying, milling, vulcanizing
(8) Textile picking, opening, blending, garneting, or carding, combining of cotton,
synthetics, wool shoddy.
(10) Upholstering with plastic foams.

34. classification of system based on occupancy :
Extra Hazard (Group 2).
A.5.4.2 Extra hazard (Group 2) occupancies include occupancies
having uses and conditions similar to the following:
(1) Asphalt saturating
(2) Flammable liquids spraying
(3) Flow coating
(5) Open oil quenching
(6) Plastics manufacturing
(7) Solvent cleaning
(8) Varnish and paint dipping
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35. Sprinkler system Net work

36. Elite Hydraulic Calculation
Flowrate and Pressure
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81. Pump Capacity
Calculation
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82. If the calculated pressure is below 100 psi it is not sufficient to
Operate 2 ½” Hose reel then the pressure is set to 100 psi
Pumps
Jocky Pump
1. Min requirement – 50 gpm or 10%of total water demand
Electrical Pump
1. 100 % of total calculated value
Diesel Pump
1. 100 % of total Calculated Value
BHP = Flowrate x Head / 3960 x Efficiency of Pump
Efficiency from – 0.5 to 0.75 / 1 Eq ft of pipe = 0.43 psi

83. Motor Horse power losses
MHP = BHP + Drive loss (5%)
Jocky Pump =
Electric Pump =
Diesel Pump =
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84. Tank Sizing
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Fire Tank Sizing
Tank size = Total water demand + time duration
Time duration = 90 mins ( UL laboratories std )
1 gallon = 3.785 litres

86. Diesel Tank Sizing
1 Hp = 1 gallon of diesel + evaporative losses

87. Any Questions

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