In his PPT you will come to know about the TREATMENT OF SOLID WASTE, ITS MANAGEMENT and MICROORGANISMS INVOLVED IN THE TREATMENT OF SOLID WASTE. do like, share and follow me to get more such PPT to be uploaded.

1. AGM-301 AGRICULTURAL
MICROBIOLOGY (1+1)

2. TREATMENT OF SOLID WASTE
BY: B.SUBHASH
2018042069

3. SOLID WASTE
•Solid waste means any garbage, refuse, sludge from a wastewater
treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control
facility and other discarded materials including solid, liquid, semi-
solid and gaseous material resulting from industrial, commercial,
mining and agricultural operations,
Examples: plastics , bottles, cans,
papers, scrap iron, and other trash

4. IMPORTANCE OF WASTE
TREATMENT•Over 1.8 billion tonnes of waste are generated each year. This equals to 3.5 tonnes
per person.
•With such vast quantities of waste being produced, it is of vital importance that it is
managed in such a way that it does not cause any harm to either human health or to the
environment.
•There are a number of different options available for the treatment and management of
waste including prevention, minimisation, re-use, recycling, energy recovery and disposal.
•Under EU policy, landfilling is seen as the last resort and should only be used when
•all the other options have been exhausted , i.e., only material that cannot be prevented, re-
used, recycled or otherwise treated should be landfilled.

5. HEALTH IMPACTS OF SOLID
WASTE
 Exposure to hazardous waste can affect human health, children being
more vulnerable to these pollutants.
 Improperly operated incineration plants cause air pollution and improperly
managed and designed landfills attract all types of insects that spread disease.
 Direct handling of solid waste results in chronic diseases with the waste
materials.

6. ROLE OF MICROBES IN SOLID WASTE
TREATMENT
•Micro-organisms and their activities are vitally important to virtually all
processes on Earth.
•These microbes play key roles in nutrient cycling,
biodegradation/biodeterioration, climate change, food spoilage, the cause and
control of disease, and biotechnology.
•Microorganisms recycle nutrients in the environment, by decomposing
organic materials.
•Organic materials, such as animal carcasses and tree trunks, decay by the
action of decomposing microbes, which are also responsible for getting rid of
industrial and household waste

7. Classification of solid wastes according
to their origin and type
 Municipal Solid wastes: Solid wastes that include household garbage,
construction & packaging materials, trade refuges etc. are managed by
any municipality.
 Bio-medical wastes: Solid or liquid wastes including containers,
products generated during diagnosis, treatment & research activities
of medical sciences.
 Industrial wastes: Liquid and solid wastes that are generated by
manufacturing & processing units of various industries like chemical,
petroleum, coal, metal gas, sanitary & paper etc.
 Agricultural wastes: Wastes generated from farming activities.
These substances are mostly biodegradable.
 Fishery wastes: Wastes generated due to fisheryactivities.
 E-wastes: Electronic wastes generated from any modern
establishments. They may be described as discarded electrical or
electronic devices. Some electronic scrap components, such as CRTs,
wires, circuits, mobile, computers etc.

8. STRUCTURE OF
SOLID WASTE
Solid Waste
Refuse Trash
Bulky wastes (TV, refrigerators goods,
Broken furniture, etc.)
Garbage Rubbish
non-degradable (glass, rubber,
Metals, plastics non-metal set)
Vegetables, Meats, food
Wastes and other readily
Degradable organic wastes slowly degradable (paper, wood
Products, textiles etc.)

9. METHODS OF SOLID WASTE
TREATMENTMethods of treatment depends
on the kind of waste that has to
be disposed.
Established treatments
• Composting
• Incineration
• Landfill
• Recycling
• Windrow composting
• Compaction
 Advanced
methods
• Anaerobic digestion
• Bio drying
• Gasification
• Gas Plasma
• Land farming
• In-vessel composting
• Mechanical biological treatment
• Mechanical heat treatment
• Plasma
• Pyrolysis
• Refuse-derived fuel
• Sewage treatment
• Tunnel composting

10. LANDFILL
•It is the most traditional method of waste disposal.
•Waste is directly dumped into disused quarries, mining
voids or borrow pits. Disposed waste is compacted and
covered with soil•Gases generated by the decomposing waste materials are
often burnt to generate power.
•It is generally used for domestic waste.
ESTABLISHED METHOD

11. ADVANTAGES
• Landfill site is a cheap waste disposal option for the local council.
• Jobs will be created for local people.
• Lots of different types of waste can be disposed of by landfill in
comparison to other waste disposal methods.
• The gases given off by the landfill site could be collected and used for
generating power.
DISADVANTAGES
• The site will look ugly while it is being used for landfill.
• Dangerous gases are given off from landfill sites that cause local air
pollution and contribute to global warming.
• Local streams could become polluted with toxins seeping through the
ground from the landfill site.
• Once the site has been filled it might not be able to be used for
redevelopment as it might be too polluted.

12. Introduction
Composting is organic matter that has been
decomposed and recycled as a fertilizer and
soil amendment.
In nature , nothing is considered as a
waste--- everything is food for
something else.
Composting
biological
of organic
The controlled
decomposition
materials

13. S. No. Parameters Quantity
1. Organic matter 70 %
2. pH 7.5
3. Organic carbon 33.11%
4. Nitrogen 1.82 %
5. Phosphorus 1.29 %
6. Potassium 1.25 %
7. Fe (ppm) 1019
8. Mn (ppm) 111
9. Cu (ppm) 180
10. Zn (ppm) 280
Nutrient profile of Compost

14. Benefits of Compost /composting
Compost improves the quality of soil, and for
this reason it is considered as a soil
conditioner.
basic nutrients required
It contains a variety of the
plant growth
 healthy growth of plants.
 In addition to, nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium,
certain micronutrients viz. manganese, copper, iron, and
zinc also found in compost which helps them to control
diseases and insects.
 Compost improves the structure and texture of the soi
enable them to retain nutrients, moisture, and air for
the betterment of growth of plants.

15. INCINERATION
•Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the
combustion of solid waste at 1000C.
•waste materials are converted into ash, flue gas, and heat.
•The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of
the waste and gases due to organic waste.
•the heat generated by incineration is used to generate
electric power.

16. ADVANTAGES
•Minimum of land is needed compared to other disposal methods. The weight
of the waste is reduced to 25% of the initial value.
•No risk of polluting local streams and ground waters as in landfills.
•Incineration plants can be located close to residential areas. Gases are used to
generate power.
DISADVANTAGES
•Expensive
•Required skilled labour.
•The chemicals that would be released into the air could be strong
pollutants and may destroy ozone layer (major disadvantage).
•high energy requirement.

17. COMPACTION
•The waste is compacted or compressed. It also breaks up large
or fragile items of waste.
•This process is conspicuous in the feed at the back end of many
garbage collection vehicles.
•Deposit refuse at bottom of slope for best compaction and
control of blowing litter.

18. The 3 R’s
 REDUCE


You can help by PRECYCLING. 1/3 of all garbage is packaging.
Buy things that are in packages that can be recycled or are made of recycled
materials.
 When you buy something small, say no thanks to a bag.
 REUSE
 Many things can be reused before you throw them out.




Use coffee cans and cottage cheese containers for storage
Use backs of paper or backs of used envelopes for jotting notes
Put leftovers in resalable containers instead of using wraps and foil
Use old clothes as rags for cleaning instead of paper towels
 Have a garage sale or donate clothes, books or toys that you don't use anymore
 RECYCLE
 According to the data provided in the year 2019:Each year we use:
 25 billion plastic containers
 30 billion bottles & jars
 65 billion aluminum cans
 100 billion pounds of paper

20. PYROLYSIS
•The word is coined from the Greek-derived elements pyro "fire"
and lysis "separating".
•Pyrolysis is defined as thermal degradation of waste in the absence of
air to produce char, pyrolysis oil and syngas,
•e.g. the conversion of wood to charcoal also it is defined as
destructive distillation of waste in the absence of oxygen.
External source of heat is employed in this process.

21. ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
•Anaerobic digestion is the process by which organic matter such as animal
or food waste is broken down to produce biogas and biofertiliser.
•This process happens in the absence of oxygen in a sealed, oxygen-free
tank called an anaerobic digester.

22. BIO- DRYING
•Biodrying is the process by which biodegradable waste is rapidly heated
through initial stages of composting to remove moisture from a waste
stream and hence reduce its overall weight.
•In biodrying processes, the drying rates are augmented by biological heat
in addition to forced aeration.
• The major portion of biological heat, naturally available through the
aerobic degradation of organic matter, is utilized to evaporate surface and
bound water associated with the mixed sludge.

23. SEWAGE TREATMENT
Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from
municipal wastewater, containing mainly household sewage plus some
industrial wastewater.

24. There are three main stages of the wastewater treatment process,
known as primary, secondary and tertiary water treatment.
•During primary treatment, wastewater is temporarily held in a settling
tank where heavier solids sink to the bottom while lighter solids float to
the surface.
•Once settled, these materials are held back while the remaining liquid is
discharged or moved through to the more rigorous secondary phase of
wastewater treatment.
•These large tanks are also often equipped with mechanical scrapers
that continually drive collected sludge in the base of the tank to a hopper
which pumps it to sludge treatment facilities.