Presentation on A Comparative Study of Urban Crime Between Malaysia And Nigeria Original Article By ZUBAIRU ABUBAKAR GHANI Department of Urban and Regional Planning Faculty of Environmental Technology Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248 Bauchi, Nigeria

1. Presentation on
A Comparative Study of Urban Crime Between
Malaysia And Nigeria
B y
Z U B A I R U A B U B A K A R G H A N I
D e p a r t m e n t o f U r b a n a n d R e g i o n a l P l a n n i n g
F a c u l t y o f E n v i r o n m e n t a l T e c h n o l o g y
A b u b a k a r T a f a w a B a l e w a U n i v e r s i t y , P M B 0 2 4 8
B a u c h i , N i g e r i a
Submitted by
M d . S h o f i q u r R a h m a n
R a h m a n
Roll: 541
16th Batch
Dept. of Urban and Regional
Planning
Jahangirnagar University
Submitted to
A d i l M o h a m m e d K h a n
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Urban and Regional
Planning
Jahangirnagar University

2. U r b a n i z a t i o n h a s c r e a t e d n u m e r o u s
s o c i a l p r o b l e m s i n b o t h d e v e l o p e d
A n d d e v e l o p i n g n a t i o n s
CRIME i s o n e o f t h e m
R i s e i n u r b a n c r i m e s
i n m a n y p a r t s o f t h e
w o r l d b e c a u s e t h e
r a t e o f
u n e m p l o y m e n t
h a d b e e n o n t h e
i n c r e a s e a n d c o u p l e d
w i t h i n c r e a s e d
Poverty a m o n g t h e
u r b a n p o o r
N a t u r e o f c r i m e i s
n o t u n i f o r m b u t
v a r i e s f r o m o n e
geographical
r e g i o n t o a n o t h e r
O t h e r ke y f a c t o r s a r e
bad governance a n d w e a k n e s s e s
i n l a w e n f o r c e m e n t o r crime-control
Ke y f a c t o r s a r e
d i s c u s s e d i n t h i s
p a p e r w i t h hope o f
bringing out n a t u r e
o f u r b a n c r i m e s t h a t
b e d e v i l l e d p r o p e r t i e s a n d
people safety
f o r t a k i n g m a n a g e m e n t
a n d prevention measures

3. Related Literature Review
T h e p e r c e p t i o n o f t h e t e r m c r i m e v a r i e s g r e a t l y a c r o s s
p r o s t i t u t i o n a n d
h o m o s e x u a l i t y a r e
c r i m e s i n m a n y
r e g i o n s w h i l e i n m a n y
o t h e r s , t h e y a r e a c t s
o f p r o m o t i o n
S o u r c e : D a m b a z a u , 20 0 7 ; U s m a n , Ya k u b u , & B e l l o 20 1 2 ;
Te n i b i a j e , 20 1 0
d u m p i n g t o x i c w a s t e h a s n o t
b e e n c l a s s i f i e d a s a c r i m e a
f e w d e c a d e a g o b u t
p r e s e n t l y i t i s a s e r i o u s
c r i m e a n d v i o l a t i o n o f l a w s i n
c o u n t r y l i ke N i g e r i a .
e c o n o m i c d i f f e r e n c e sg e o g r a p h i c a l a r e a s s o c i o - c u l t u r a l a n d
a crime inone region
may not be a crime
in another
changes over time

4. Related Literature Review
H a b i b u l l a h , B a h a r o m , a n d Ta n ( 20 13 ) d e f i n e d c r i m e a s
v i o l a t i o n o f ‘property rights’
Te n i b i a j e ( 20 1 0 ) e x p l a i n e d t h a t c r i m e i s a ‘ d e v i a n t
b e h a v i o u r t h a t violates prevailing norms w h i c h m a y b e
c u l t u r a l , s o c i a l , p o l i t i c a l , p s y c h o l o g i c a l a n d e c o n o m i c
c o n d i t i o n s ’
L o u i s a n d o t h e r s i n 1 9 8 1 (c i t e d b y U s m a n e t a l . ,
( 20 1 2 ) ) , d e s c r i b e d c r i m e a s a d e v i a n t a c t t h a t i s
threatening moral behaviours a n d injurious to society

5. MethodologyOFTHE RESEARCH
C O L L E C T I O N O F
D ATA
F I E L D
W O R K
D E S K
S T U DY
QUANTITATIV
E
Q U A L I T I T A T I V E
TYPE OF
RESEARCH
MORE
QUALITATIVE
THAN
QUANTITATIV
E
IN NATURE
N I G E R
I A
M A L AY S
I A
S T U D Y A R E A
B OT H C O U N T R I E S
H AV E H I G H E R R A T I O
O F
P O L I C E : P O P U L A T I O N
T H A N U N
S TA N D A R D
M O R E L A W
A B I D I N G
C I T I Z E N S
C R I M E S A R E
P R E V A L E N T A S I N
N I G E R I A

6. Nature OF URBANCRIMES IN MALAYSIA
S I M I L A R TO M A N Y PA R T S O F T H E W O R L D I N F O R M S
A N D T Y P E S
SELANGOR
91,962
KUALALUMPUR
59,050
JOHOR
49,105
PERLIS
1240
TERENGGANU
3869
KELANTAN
6821
C A R T H E F T, H O U S E
B R E A K I N G A N D
M OTO R C YC L E T H E F T
5 6 %
G E N E R
A L
T H E F T
1 9 %
V I O L E
N T
C R I M E
1 8 %
SNATCH
AND LORRY
THEFT
7%
T Y P E S O F C R I M E I N
M A L A Y S I A
N U M B E R O F C A S E S W I T H
O C C U R R I N G P L A C E
M A L AY S
I A
3XI N 20 0 9 C O M PA R E D TO
1 9 9 1
C R I M E G R E W

7. Nature OF URBANCRIMES IN NIGERIA
I N S O M E A R E A S , P R O P E R T Y C R I M E S A R E M O R E P R O M I N E N T
W H I L E V I O L E N T C R I M E S A R E H I G H LY E X P E R I E N C E D I N
A N OT H E R PA R T O F T H E C O U N T R Y
F O U R C AT E G O R I E S O F C R I M E S
T Y P E S O F C R I M E 20 0 8
20 0 9
P R O P E R T Y C R I M E S 9 0 , 1 5 6
9 8 , 3 7 8
C R I M E S O N P E R S O N S 3 5 , 1 0 9
3 8 , 9 5 5
C R I M E S A G A I N S T
L AW F U L A U T H O R I T Y 5 9 3 8
7 8 7 8
C R I M E O N P E R S O N S P R O P E R T Y L AW S A N D A C T S
N I G E R
I A

8. Causes OF URBANCRIME
U n e m p l o y m e n t P o v e r t y
P s y c h o l o g i c a l
T H E R E I S A C LO S E L I N K A G E B E T W E E N
U N E M P L O Y M E N T A N D C R I M E S
‘ A R M Y O F I D L E H A N D S ’ A R E AVA I L A B L E
F O R E A S Y
R E C R U I T M E N T B Y B OT H P O L I T I C I A N S
A N D R E L I G I O U S G R O U P S
I N M A L AY S I A
U N E M P LOY M E N T
R AT E SC R I M E I N D E X
19971996
2 . 5 % 2 . 6 %
4 0 . 9 % 4 6 . 4 %
P O V E R T Y I N D U C E C R I M I N A L
B E H AV I O U R SM A J O R C A U S E O F C R I M E I N P O V E R T Y
S T R I C K E N S O C I E T Y I S B E I N G
P L A G U E D W I T H F I N A N C I A L
D I F F I C U LT I E S A S W E L L A S D E P R I V A T I O N
S O H ( 20 1 2 ) H Y P OT H E S I S E D ‘ C R I M E
R AT E A P P E A R S TO B E N O T A B L Y H I G H E R I N
P O O R E R N E I G H B O U R H O O D S’
“ P O V E R T Y I S T H E P A R E N T O F
R E V O L U T I O N A N D C R I M E . ”
― A R I S TOT L E

9. Political Factors Weaknesses of law enforcement or
crime-control BODIES
Causes OF URBANCRIME
P O L I T I C A L O R I N S T I T U T I O N A L
FA C TO R S M AY I N C L U D E D E L I B E R A T E
G O V E R N M E N T P O L I C I E S , FA I L U R E O F
L E A D E R S H I P O R B A D G O V E R N A N C E , W E A K
L AW E N F O R C E M E N T A N D C R I M I N A L
J U S T I C E S Y S T E M S
W E A K N E S S E S I N L AW E N F O R C E M E N T O R
C R I M E - C O N T R O L B O D I E S W I L L E N C O U R A G E
P R O L I F E R AT I O N O F M O R E C R I M I N A L S ,
G A N G S A N D O R G A N I Z E D C R I M I N A L
G R O U P S TO TA K E A D V A N T A G E S
L A C K O F
D E M O C R A C Y
B R I B E R
Y
U N E M P LOY
M E N
C R I
M E
3 0 6 P E O P L E
5 1 4 P E O P L E

10. B LO C K A L L O P P O R T U N I T I E S O R
AV E N U E S F O R C R I M E TO B E
COMMITTED
S T R A T E G I E S E M P LOY E D I N C L U D I N G T H E
N A T I O N A L K E Y R E S U L T S A R E A ( N K R A ) U N D E R T H E
G O V E R N M E N T T R A N S F O R M A T I O N P R O G R A M M E ( G T P )
T H E N K R A P R O D U C E D P O S I T I V E R E S U LT S
W I T H
1 1 . 1 % D R O P I N C R I M E I N D E X A N D A 3 9 . 7 %
D R O P I N S T R E E T C R I M E ( T H E S TA R / A S I A
N E W S N E T W O R K , 20 1 2 )
WAYSTO MANAGEURBANCRIME
C R I M E B E F O R E
PREVENTI T H A P P E N S
I N M A L AY S I A I N N I G E R I A
N O S U C H S I G N I F I C A N T S T R AT E G I
I N A D E Q U A T E P O L I C E P E R S O N N E L
P O L I C E A R E O V E R S T R E T C H E D W I T H N O M O D E R N
S O P H I S T I C A T E D E Q U I P M E N T

11. LIGHTCAN DOTHAT
“DARKNESSCANNOT DRIVE
DARKNESS
HATE CANNOT DRIVEOUT HATE
CAN DOTHAT
LOVE
– MARTIN LUTHER KING
(1963)