1. 05 mrspzfPaoh ( 05. Chapter )
fu;a;d ixl,amh : iudc moku
( Metta Concept : Societal Foundation )
fu;a;d idrOrAufhys iudc mokug wh;a jkafka ndysr ifudaOdkh we;s lr
.ekSu ms<snZo lreKqh' fuz uZ.ska iudc m@;sudk ( Norms ) wdrCIdjSu flfrA' fu;a;d
idrOrAuh olajk odhlFjh ms<snZo lreKq .eUqrska jsurAYkh flfrA' fu;a;d ixl,amh
idrOrAu mdlaIslh' tfiau ffcj f,dalh flfrys ys;dkqluzmSnj o tys wka;rA.;h' ta ksid
iudc inZo;d jrAOkh flfrys tys we;s Wmfhda.S;dj w;suy;ah' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys .enzjk
w;sYh m@fhda.sl Ndjh Wmfhda.Sjkqfha udkj inZo;dj, jsjsO yev;, ixjrAOkh lsrSug th
olajk iqjsfYaIS yelshd ksidh' iuznJO idrOrAu jrAOkhlg tyd .sh iudc iuznJO;djhkays
jsOsu;a idrOrAu wka;rA.; YsCIKhla l@shd;aul lsrSu flfrys nj fmkajdoSu fuhska
wfmaCIs;h'1 fu;a;d ixl,amh nsys jkqfhao tla mqoa.,fhl` wruqKq lrf.k fkdfjz' wju
jYfhka mqoa.,hka tla wfhl`g jevs msrsila wruqKq lr.ksusks' uQ,sl wjia:dfjys ;ks
mqoa.,fhl` jYfhka ;uka ;ukaygu ffu;@sh jrAOkh lsrSu jsia;r lr ;snqK o thska
wfmaCIs; jS ;snqfKa ;uka yqol,d jS ;ukagu muKla os.gu ffu;@sh jevSu fkdj wkHhkayg
me;srjSug fmrd;`j tlS me;srjSu ukdj yqre mqre|= jSu iZoyd uq,skau fu;a;d ixl,amh ;uka
;`< ukdj m@.`K lsrSug uQ,sl mqyqKqjla ,nd.ekSu muKls'2 tuksid fu;a;d ixl,amh iudc
moku ;`< oS Ndjs;d lsrSug wuq;`jka W;aiyhla .; hq;` fkdjkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh wrA:j;a
jkafkau iudc moaO;shla ;`< cSjSka msrsila w;frys oS muKla ksidh'3 nq|=iufhys js.@y jkakd
jQ fu;a;d ixl,amh ffcj f,dalhg wu;rj mrsirh iuznJOfhka o fhoS we;s wdldrh
m@d;sfudCIfhys jskh YsCId mo meKjSuz foi jsurAYkd;aulj n,k l, fmkS hk lreKls'4
fulS iudc mokfuys oS jvd;a W;aiql jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh iudc iuznJOdjhka jsOsu;a
lsrSfuys,d odhl jS we;s wdldrh ms<snZoj jsurAYkh lr ne,Sughs'5 iudc iuznJO;djhka
f.dvkeZ.Sfuz oS fukau mj;ajd .ekSfuys oS tl f,iu fu;a;d ixl,amh uy;a fia wdOdr
Wmldrj;a jk w;r tys Wmrsu ;,fhys oS ;uka yd wkHhka w;r iSud iuzfNaoh yer ouuska
lghq;` lsrSug udkjhd jsfYaI mqyqKqjla ,nhs'6
fu;a;d ixl,amh iudc iuznJO;d jsIfhys l@shd;aul jk wdldrh uekjska
js.@yjk jsIhla kuz fn#oaO iudc jsoHdjhs'7 jsfYaI jYfhka fn#oaO iudc jsoHdjg wod< jk
whqrska fu;a;d idrOrAufha iudc jsoHd;aul jeo.;alu ms<snZo w;sYh mqZM,a js.@yhla fuz
mrspzfPaoh uZ.ska bosrsm;a flfrA' iudc iuznJO;djhka uekjska ilia jsh hq;` wdldrh yd
jrA;udkfhys tfia fkdjSu ksid iudch uqyqK md isgsk .egZM ms<snZo fn#oaO ixorANhdkQl~,
js.@yhla o fuhska is|= flfrA' fn#oaO iQ;@ foaYkd w;rska iudc jsoHd;aul jeo.;alula .kakd
jsjsO iQ;@ foaYkd fndfydauhla we;s w;r ta iEu iQ;@ OrAuhla uZ.skau fu;a;d idrOrAuh
189

2. jsYaf,aIKh lrkq ,nk w;r fu;a;d ixl,amhg jsfYaI wkqn,hla o ,ndfohs' tfukau fn#oaO
iudc jsoHdj yd fiiq iudchSh jsoHd fCIa;@hg wka;rA.; jkakd jQ jsIh fCIa;@hkays ms<s.;a
kHdhh yd fn#oaO iQ;@ foaYkd ;`,kd;aulj jsYaf,aIKh lsrSu ;`<ska fu;a;d idrOrAufhys
iudc Ndjs;dfjys we;s Wmfhda.S;dj fl;ruz jeo.;aoehs myiqfjka wjfndaOlr.; yelsh'
fulS iudc Ndjs;dj wka ljrodgj;a jvd jrA;udkfhys wjYH jS we;af;a osfkka osk jv jvd;a
ixlSrAK jk usksia yeisrSuz rgd ms<snZoj ms<smeosh hq;` kshu l@uh fu;a;d ixl,amfhka bosrsm;a
flfrk nejsks' fu;a;d ixl,amh iudch flfrys wod<lr .; hq;` kshu wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg
f.k we;s kuz jrA;udkfhys Woa.;j we;s jsjsO iudc wrAnqo yd .egZM j,ska usksia iudch
jshqla; jSug fyda yels;dla wju ugzgul tajd rZojd .ekSug wjldY ie,fikq we;'8
isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys iudc moku wrA: oelafjkafka hq;`luz yd j.lSuz hk
fohdldrfhks'9 fuu hq;`luz yd j.lSuz l@shd;aul jSu iZoyd isZ.df,djdo iQ;@fhys jsia;r
flfrkakd jQ uQ,sl iudc ixia:d ih ;`< wfkdakH jYfhka ysff;IS njla f.dvkeZ.S mej;Su
jo.;ah'10 fuu ysff;Is Ndjh kuz fu;a;d ixl,amhhs' fuhska fmfkkafka udkj ixia:dfjz
wfkdkH neZoSu talFjh we;s lsrSfuys,d fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ldrAhNdrh b;du;a iqjsfYaIS jk
njhs' nq|= oyfuys iZoyka jk wdldrhg m<uqj mqoa.,hd wkHhkag fu;a;d ixl,amh
me;srjSug m<uqj ;uka ;ud jsIfhysu th me;srjSu uZ.ska ukdj m@.`K Ndjhg m;alr .;
hq;` fjz' bka blans;sj muKla tnZ|= ;eke;a;dg ;uka Wmudjg f.k wka wh fj; o l@udkQl~,j
fu;a is; me;srjsh yels jkq we;s nj nq|= iuh fmkajd oS ;sfnz' ;udg m<uqj fu;a;d ixl,amh
me;srjSu wd;audrA:h f,ig we;euz wh l,amkd lr;;a thska jkafka |=rAj,j mej;s ;u is;
Yla;su;a lsrSu muKs' ienjskau ;uka flfrysj;a fu;a;d ixl,amh f.dvkZ.d .ekSug ;ruz
j;a fkdyelshdfjka hqla; jQ iudc mrsirhl osjs f.fjk idudkH mqyq|=ka usksid l< hq;af;a
m<uqfjka ;uka Yla;su;a lr.ekSuh' iudch ;`< ;uka o tla;rd mqoa.,fhls' by<ska isg
iuia;h foi n,kafkl`yg fmfkkafka o ta whqrsks' ixl,am ms<snZo h:d iajNdjh jkqfha th
yg.kafka o jrAOkh jkqfha o is; weiqrskau jk fyhska uq,skau ish isf;ys we;s lr.;a;d jQ
fu;a;d ixl,amh msg;g o jsyso hk wdldrfhka Yla;su;a lr.ekSu uQ,slju l< hq;`j we;'11
fu;a;d ixl,amh m@.`K lrkafka l@u l@ufhka ;udf.a wkHhkaf.a jYfhka ish is;;`<
n,mj;ajkq ,nk uu;ajh uQ,sl lr.;a oevs wd;audrA:lduS fpz;kdj l@udkQl~,j ;`kSjk
wdldrfhks' wjidkfha oS ilaldhosgzGsh fyda wiausudkh |=relr ish,q wd;audrA:lduS nfjz iSud
myfldg uu;ajh ke;fyd;a wkHhka o ;ud yd iudkh hk yeZ.Sfuka hq;`j lghq;` lsrSu
fu;a;d ixl,am jrAOkfhys .eUqreu wjia:dj f,i nq|=iuh fmkajhs' fu;a;d Ndjkdj ;`<
fuh b;du;a ijsia;rj olajd we;'
fuz wdldrfhka isf;ys m@.`K jkakd jQ fu;a;d ixl,amh ;j |=rg;a ixl,amhla
muKlau jkafkao hk .egZMj fuysoS meK fkdkZ.skq ,nkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkk"
wdfjzok yd prAhd hk ;@sjsO wxYhkaf.ka mrsmQrAK ixl,amhla jk fyhsks' fuz ;@sjsO wxYhkau
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3. fu;a;d ixl,amfhys b;du m@n,Fjhg m;a jQ wxY jk w;r fuys uQ,sl wjia:dj ixcdkk
wxYh w;am;a lr.kshs' prAhd mCIfhka ta ixcdkk wxYfhka jrAOkh lr.kakd ,o ixl,am
wjia:dfjz l@shdldrS;ajh ffcj yeisrSuz rgdj, jsjsO;ajh ksid ndysrj jsoHudkfjz'12 idudkH
fn#oaOhdf.a ks;H YS,h f,i ie,flk tfiau fn#oaO yd wfn#oaO ldg;a iudc cSjs;fhaoS
ksrjq,aj lghq;` lsrSfuz yelshdj" ta iZoyd wjYHlrk jgdmsgdj ilia lrfok iudc
iuzuq;shla f,i mxpYS, m@;smodj fmkajd osh yelsh' mxpYS, m@;smodj uZ.ska mqoa.,hdj
iudch jsiska o iudch jsiska mqoa.,hdj o iqrCIs; lrfokq ,nhs' iudchla hkq mqoa.,hka
rdYshlf.a jsjsO iuznJO;d yd wka;rAl@shdjka tla;eka jQ wjia:djla jk nejska fuu iuznJO;d
yd wka;rAl@shdjka tla;rd jsOsu;a iajrEmhlska md,kh jsh hq;`h hkq idrOrAu iuznJOfhka
we;slr.; hq;` wrA:l:khla f,i oelajsh yel' md,kh jsh hq;` jsOsu;a iajrEmh fuz hehs
mxpYS, m@;smodj uZ.ska fmkajd fokq ,nhs' mxpYS, m@;smodfjys we;s iqjsfYaISFjh jkqfha wd.u
ixl,amfhka mrsndysrj jqj o TzkEu ck fldgzGdYhlg th wod< lr.; yelsjSuhs' fuz hgf;a
jsjsO wd.uz yd jsjsO jsYajdi orK ta wkqj lghq;` lrk TzkEu mqoa.,fhl`g ish cSjs;fhys
lghq;` idrA:l lr.ekSu iZoyd mxpYS, m@;smodfjka ie,fikqha fkduZo fufyhls' ffcj
ys;jdoS nj mxpYS, m@;smodfjys wka;rA.; jsYajjSh nfjys mokuhs' iuia; mxpYS, m@;smodj
mqrdu jsyso mj;skakd jQ udkj ysff;ISnfjys ryi jkqfha o th fu;a;d ixl,amh mdolj
iliaj mej;Suhs'13
m<uqfjks YsCIdmoh uZ.ska wrA:j;a lrkq ,nkafka mqoa.,hdf.a cSj;ajSfuz
whs;sh iq/lSuhs'14 fuhg mdol jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amhhs' huz flfkl`yg iudch ;`< iajlSh
cSj;ajSfuz whs;sh iqrCIs;j ;nd .kakg kuz fy;u wkHhkaf.a cSj;ajSfuz whs;shg .re
lrkafkl` yd th /l oSug fjfyi .kafkl` njg m;ajsh hq;` nj fuz uZ.ska lshfjz' fuys
jeo.;au ,CIKh jkqfha hq;`luz yd j.lSuz iajrEmfhka fomigu tl f,ig iunrj
l@shd;aul jkakd jq lsishuz .sjsiqul yd iuzuq;shl iajrEmhla tys .enzjSuhs'15 ish,qu iFjhka
;ukaf.a cSjs;hg wdYd lrkq ,nk nj nq|=iuh ms,s.kshs' mqoa.,hka rdYshla tla;eka jS
iudc.; jkqfha o fuu cSjs;h ksrjq,aj yd jvd hym;a whqrska mj;ajd .ekSfuz wjYH;djh
ksidh' fuz fya;`j ksid lsis|= fNaohlska f;drj ieu fokdg mdfya ish cSjs;h flaJ|@ fldgf.k
fuu wjYH;djh yg.kakd nejska wd.u ixl,amfhka mrsndysrj jqj o cSjs;hl we;s jgskdlu
fkdfjkiaj mj;shs' flfkl` ;udf.a cSjs;h mj;ajdf.k hEug we;s leue;af;a m@udKhgu
wfkla mqoa.,hd ;ukaf.a cSjs;h mj;ajdf.k hEug leue;af;ka isgsk nj o fuhska f;areuz
.; yelsh'16 m<uq fldgu ;ukag fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh lrkqfha mqoa.,fhl`yg ;ukaf.a
cSjs;fhys jgskdlu wjfndaO lrosu msKsi jk w;r m@.`K jQ fu;a;d ixl,amh we;s
mqoa.,hdyg ;j |=rg;a th wkHhka olajdu jHdma; l< yels ugzgulg meusfKa' jevs|=rg;a
fu;a;d ixl,amh m@.`K lsrSfuz oS ;uka yd wkHhka w;r mj;akd jQ jHdc isudj w;sl@uKh
lsrSug mqoa.,hdyg wjia:dj ,efnz' fuu iSudjka jHd;sl@uKh lsrSuu fu;a;d ixl,amfhys
jvd;au jrAOkSh wjia:dj f,i ie,fla' mrsmQrAK mqoa., fm#reIFjh f,i wrA: oelafjkqfhao
191

4. fujeks wdldrfhka ishZM wdldrfha ;uka yd wkHhka hk iSudj |=re lr lghq;` lsrSug
yelshdjla ;ud ;`< jrAOkh lr.kq ,enQ wjia:djhs' wd;audrA:h hkqfjka yeZoskafjk iEu jsgu
;ukaf.a iqL jsyrKh muKla is;k wkHhka .ek fkdis;k wjia:dj yg.efkkqfha ;uka yd
wkHhka w;r w;s jsYd, mr;rhla ukiska ;nd l,amkd lsrSu ;`<sks' mrdrA:h kshudldrfhka
wrA:l:kh jkafka ;uka o wkHhka yd iudkh hk yeZ.Su we;s jk wdldrfhka ffu;@sfhys
Wmrsu jrAOkSh wjia:dj jk ;uka yd wkHhka w;r iSudj bj;a lr fmd|= cSjSka hkqfjka tlu
mrudorAYh wkqj is;Su ;`<h'17
mqoa.,fhl`f.a osjs meje;au ukdj iqrCIs;j .; lsrSu iZoyd wdydr mdk" weZ|=uz
me<|=uz" ksjdi jeks uQ,sl wjYH;djhka ksis fia iuzmQrAK jsh hq;`h' fuzjd ,nd .ekSu iZoyd
mqoa.,fhl`yg lsishuz l@h Yla;shla fyj;a fuzjd us<oS .ekSfuz yelshdjla mej;sh hq;`h' tfiau
uQ,sl wjYH;djhka iuzmQrAK lr.ekSu msKsi imhd .kakd ,o iuzm;a l@udkQl~,j N`la;s jsoSu
msKsi /ia lr ;nd .ekSu o uQ,sl usksia wjYH;djhlau fjz' fujeks iuzm;a flfrys f,dn neZo
tajd ;fjfll` jsiska fidr is;ska meyer .ekSu jkdyS iuzm;a we;a;df.a uQ,sl usksia
whs;sjdisluz lvlsrSula o fjz' nq|= oyfuz wo;a;dodkfhka je<lSu f,i oelafjkafka wkqka i;` foa
fidr is;ska .ekSfuka je<lSuhs' tnejska tfia lghq;` lsrSu wkHhka flfrys ffu;@S mQrAjl is;ska
is|= lrkq ,nk l@shdjla fjz'18 iudcfhys fjfik wfkl`;a idudcslhkaf.a iuzm;a /ia lsrSfuz
we;s whs;sh ms<s.ekSu uQrA;su;a flfrkqfha tajd meyer fkd.ekSu ;`<sks' wkHhkayg we;s iuzm;a
/ialr ;nd mrsyrKh lsrSfuz whs;shg .re lsrSu;a iuZ.u iudch yd mqoa.,hd w;r iduQysl
neZoSula yg.kshs' fuu iduQyslFjh mqoa., ls@hdldrSFjh ksrrAnqo mrudorAYS iudchla
ksrAudKh jSfuys,d Bg olajk iyh uQrA;su;a fldg fmkajhs'19
m@;sjsreoaO ,sx.sl wdlrAIKh fya;`fldgf.k l@shd;aul jk mjq,a ixia:dj
jsOsu;aj wdrCIdjSug kuz th iudch jsiska ms<s.kakd ,o ksYaps; rduqjlg wkq.;j yeisrsh
hq;`jSu iudc.; wjYH;djhla f,i ie,lsh yelsh' usksid o fiiq cSjSka fukau cdkuh
jYfhka Wreu lr.kakd ,o fmd|= ffcjuh .`Khka wka;rA.; yd tlS ffcjSh meje;au
wLKavj bosrshg f.khdu iZoyd ilia jS we;s YdrSrsl yd udkisl iychka wka;rA.;
cSjsfhla jk kuq;a usksid iajNdjfhka Wreu lrf.k isgsk iqjsfYaIs; oshqKq ixialD;sl cSjk
meje;au fya;`fjka fiiq cSjSkag fuka ish YdrSrsl yd udkisl iychka ;ukaf.a is;eZ.s mrsos
;Dma;su;a lr.ekSug wjYH bvlv iudch jsiska iuzu; lr.kakd ,o rduqjla ;`< iSud lrkq
,en we;' fuh iudc inZo;d jsOsu;a f,i mj;ajd.ekSug w;HjYH jkakls'fuys oS mqoa.,hd yd
iudch w;r fmd|= l;sldj; jkqfha iudch jsiska iuzu; m@;sjsreoaO fofofkl` w;r
f.dvkZ.d.kq ,nk ,sx.sl cSjs;hg fjk;a mdrAYjhka jsiska n,mEuz lsrSfuka je<lSu fyda tnZ|=
n,mEuz yels;dla wju lsrSu msKsi iduQysl tlZ.;djla we;slr .ekSuhs'20 wkqkaf.a mjq,a
ixia:dj wdrlaIdl< hq;`h hkdoS jYfhka is;sjs,s my<jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,am ksidh' rd.h
ksid fyda fjkhuz lreKla ksid fyda ldufhys jrojd yeisrSu jsYd, iudc wrAnqoldrS
192

5. jd;djrKhla we;sjSug fya;`jla fjz' fuz nj kqjKska jgydf.k tnZ|= oE je<lSu msKsi lghq;`
lrkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh ksidh' mjq,a tallfhys wdruzNhl wjia:dj f,i i,lkq ,nk
fofofkl` w;r f.dvkZ.d.kq ,nk ,sx.sl iuznJO;djh usksia jrA.hd fkdkeiS mj;ajd .ekSu
msKsi jQ iudc iuzu;hg tlZ.j orejka ,enSu wruqKq jQjls' tfiau tfia ,efnk orejkag
foudmsh fofofkl` ksid iqjfia jevSug wjYH iqrlaIs; ldhsl yd udkisl mrsirhla we;sjSu
mjq,a ixia:dfjz we;s ;j;a Wmfhda.S;djhls' l@ufhka fofofkl`f.ka wdruzNjk mjq,a ixia:dj
wk;`rej fiiq iudc ixia:d iuZ. we;slr .kq ,nk jsjsOdldrfhys wka;rAl@shd uZ.ska
l@udkQl~,j ixlSrAK wjia:d olajd jrAOkh fjz' mjq,a ixia:dj iqrlaIs;j .;lsrSu msKsi fmd|=
iudcfha iEu fokdf.a osrs.ekajSuz fkduZoj ,nd fu;a;d ixl,amh mdol lr.ksuska lghq;`
lsrSu is.df,dajdo iQ;@fha iosidjka kuialdrfhys tla osYdjla jYfhka fmkajd oS we;' f;jeks
YsCIdmofhka wrA:j;a lrkqfha ksrrAnqo mjq,a ixia:djla f.dvkZ.d .ekSu yd th wLKavj
bosrshg f.khdfuys,d mqoa.,sl yd mjq,a tallh w;r ;snsh hq;` wju idrOrAu yeisrSuz rgdj
fjz' huz mqoa.,fhl` .; lrk mqoa.,sl cSjs;h mjd iudc ixia:djkays wLKav yd ksrrAnqo
meje;au ;yjqre lrkakla jsh hq;` njg losu ksoiqkla jkafka o ,sx.sl cSjs;fhys iSudiys; yd
l@uj;aNdjh flfrys olajk ie,ls,a,hs' nsrsZo iajdushd flfrys;a" iajdushd nsrsZo flfrys;a"
ujzmshka |+ orejka flfrys;a" |+ orejka ujzmshka flfrys;a f.dvkZ.d .kakd jQ neZosu fu;a;d
ixl,amh mdolrf.k we;slr.; hq;` w;sYhskau fifkfyjka; yd l`ZMKq .`Kfhka hqla;
jQjla jsh hq;` nj nq|=iuh wjOdrKh lrhs'21
iudcfhys fjfikakd iEu ;rd;srulu mqoa.,fhl` jsiskau ish osjs meje;au
f.khdfuz oS f;dr;`re ikaksfjzokfhys fhfohs' tys oS yels;dla ksrjoH yd i;H f;dr;`re
,nd.ekSug ieu mqoa.,fhl`ygu we;s whs;sh idrOrAuhls' tfiau th mqoa., yd udkj
whs;sjdisluls' tu whs;sjdislu huz wdldrhlska lvjSu fyda lvlsrSu msKsi odhlFjh iemhSu
fuz wkqj jrols' f;dr;`re ,ndoSfuz oS fukau f;dr;`re ,nd.ekSfuz oS o tlS f;dr;`re ,efnk
uQ,dY@ ms<snZo .@dylhd ,nd.kakd jsYajdih m<q|= fkdjS ;nd .ekSug ikaksfjzolhd jsiska
lghq;` lrkq ,enSu udkj whs;shls' wi;H f;dr;`re ikaksfjzokh jkafka mqoa.,hka wkHhka
uq<djg m;alsrSfuz fpz;dfjka hqla;j idjoH f;dr;`re iemhSu uZ.sks'22 wkHhka /jgSfuz
fpz;kdj yg.kqfha wkHhka flfrys ffjrh" fl@daOh is;ays we;s l,h' f;dr;`re ikaksfjzolhd
mqoa.,hd flfrys;a iuia; iudch flfrys;a fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgqfldgf.k lghq;`
lrkafka kuz idjoH f;dr;`re iemhSfuka ish Y@djlhka uq<djg m;alsrSu msKsi lghq;` fkd
lrkq we;' wi;Hh wfkl`;a ish,qu jerosj,g uQ, ldrKhla jk nejska wi;H ikaksfjzokh
lrkq ,nk mqoa.,hd is|= lrkq ,nk l@shdj iudcfhys ms<s.;a iudc iuznJO;d ish,a,lau nsZo
ouk iqZM fjz' TzkEu jeros l@shdjla is|= fldg th is|=lf,a ke;ehs lSu ksid u;`jg ksjeros
mqoa.,fhl` jSug we;s yelshdj o fuz ksid wju fjz'23
193

6. iajlSh isysh wjq,a lrf.k iudcfhys lghq;` lsrSug mqoa.,hd wfmdfydi;ah'
u;a meka yd u;a|@jH Ndjs;h ksid mshjs isysh mqoa.,hd ;`<ska ;`rkaj fha' u;ameka mdkh ksid
uqZM uy;a iudchgu wjevodhs mqoa.,fhl` njg TzkEu mqoa.,fhl` m;ajkafka ksrdhdifhks'24
;ukaf.a isysh wjq,a lr.eksu msKsi lghq;` lrkakd jQ mqoa.,hd tfia lrkafka oafjzIh ksid
uq<d jQ is;lsks' ;ukag;a wkHhkayg;a jevodhs mrsos ksjeros isysfhka lghq;` lrkakd jQ
mqoa.,fhl` tfia l@shdlrkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh u; mdol jQ is;sks' fu;a;d ixl,amh h:d
mrsos l@shdjg kZ.kakg kuz b;du;a fydZo isysl,amkdjla mqoa.,hd i;`jSu wksjdrAh
wjYH;djhls' tfiau fuys oS iDKd;aul w;r fm<njSfuz kHdh l@shd;aul flfrA' fulS
fm<njSuz kHhdfhka is|= flfrkafka huzlsis mqoa.,fhl` os.ska os.gu huzlsis l@shdjla wrnhd
Okd;aul fyda iDKd;aul whqrska lsishuz fm<njSula is|= lrjSuhs' hym;a idrOrAu
iuznJOfhka fulS fm<njSu l@shd;aul jk th Okd;aul mCIfhys jQ hym;a fm<njSula f,i
o |=Yaprs;fhys ,d fulS fm<njSu l@shd;aul jk jsg th iDKd;aul mCIfhys jQ whym;a
fm<njSula f,i o idudkHfhka yZ|=kajhs' u;ameka ksid mqoa.,hd ;`< ldhsl yd udkisl
mCIfhka yg.efkk fm<njSu wh;a jkqfha iDKd;aul fm<njSula f,ighs' fuys oS ;uka
u;ameka u;a|@jH .ekSu iajlSh mrsydksh <Z.d lrjdfok ;uka jsiska ;ukaju fm<njSula jk
w;r fjk;a mqoa.,fhl` fuz wdldrfhka fm<njSu ;ukag;a tlS mqoa.,hdyg;a tlfia mrsydksh
<Z.d lrfohs'25
iEu fohlgu fome;a;la we;' mqoa.,hd iudchg fukau iudch
mqoa.,hdyg;a ldreKsl jSu nq|=iuh wkqu; lrhs' tfiau th fmkajd fokq ,nhs' iudcfhka
mrsndysrj mqoa., meje;aula ;snsh fkdyelsjdla fukau mqoa., meje;afuka mrsndysrj iudc
meje;aula o ;snsh fkd yelsh' tfia fyhska mqoa.,hd yd iudch hk fowxYhu wka;rAl@shd
lsrsfuz oS fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgq fldgf.k l@shdlsrSu uZ.ska mqoa.,hd iudc weiqfrys oS meK
kZ.sKq ,nk fndfyd .eg,q wju lr.ekSug ,efnkq we;'26 jrA;udkfhys fndfyda mqoa., yd
iudc .egZM meK kZ.skq ,nkafka fuz fowxYh ms<snZoju fome;a;gu ksis wdldrfha jegySula
fkdue;s nejsks' we;euz ;ekl oS mqoa.,hdyg iudch jsiska oafjzI iy.;j i,lkq ,nk w;r
tys m@;sjsmdl iudchgu w;ajsZoskakg is|=fjk wjia:d b;du;au nyq,h' nq|=r|=ka jevjsiQ hq.fha
isgs wysxil hk kuska m@lgjQ n@dyauK ;reKhd wx.`,sud, keue;s oreKq wmrdOlrefjl` njg
m;ajQfha tlaj bf.kSu ,enQ wks;a isiqkaf.a BrAIHdjg ,lajSu yd ish .`rejrhdf.a fla<duz nia
ms<s.kakd wjspdr mQrAjl iajNdjh ksidh' ish .`rejrhd fh|+ l~g Wml@ulg yiqj uskSurefjl`
f,i iudcfha ms<sl`,g md;@jSug wysixl ;reKhdg is|=jsh'fuz whqrska mqoa.,hd flfrys oafjzI
iy.; f,i iudch lghq;` lsrSu ksid bf.kSug olaIfhl`j isgs nqoaOsu;a wfhl`f.a iyc
olaI;dj,ska m@fhdack .ekSug iudchg fkdyelsjsh' tfiau l`vdl, mgka iudcfhys oafjzIhg
nZ|=kaj isgS iqkS; yd fidmdl jeks l`vd orejka nq|=rcdKka jykafiaf.a ffu;@sh ,nd iqjm;a jQ
wdldrh mqoa., l@shdldrSFjh flfrys fu;a;d ixl,amfhys n,mEu fmkajhs'27
194

7. jrA;udk iudch fkdfhla wdldrfhys fya;~ka ksid jsjsOdldrfhka fNao Nskakj
we;' tfia jSug m@Odk jYfhkau fya;`j iudcfhys fjfik fndfyda fokd wkHhka ms,snZoj
fu;a;d ixl,amh mdolj lghq;` fkdlsrSuhs' fkdoekqj;aju wkHhka w;ska is|=jk b;du;au iqZM
is|=jSul oS mjd fndfyda nrm;, oZvqjuz yd fkdfhla ysxidldrS l@shd is|= lrkakg iudcfhys
fjfik we;euqka ;`< lsishuz fm<TjSula olakg ,efnkafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdNdih
l`vdl< mgkau ksis wdldrfhka fkd,enQ ksidnj fmfkkakg ;sfnz' mqoa.,hdyg iudch;a
iudchg mqoa.,hd;a .i yd tys fmd;a; fuka jQ inZo;djla mej;sh hq;`fjz' .i;a fmd;a;;a
/flk l,u iuia; jDCIfhys mej;au is|=jkakdla fuka mqoa.,hd;a iudch;a /flk
wjia:dfjys oS muKla udkj jrA.hdf.a ksrrAnqo mej;au jsoHudk fjz' tfia fkdjk l,ays
fkdfhl`;a l,flda<dy< rKavq onr jsm;a wdoshg uqyqK mEug iuia; udkj jrA.hdygu
is|=jkq fkdwkqudkh' iudc ixia:d;`< udkj prAhdfjz iajNdjh i,ld ne,Qj;a fulS isoaOdka;h
i;Hh nejz olakg ,efnz' fndfyda fofkl` jsiska jrA;udk mejsos iudch w;S; mejsos iudch yd
iiZod n,d bka jsoHudks; jk fkdfhl`;a lreKq wrnhd jsfjzpk bosrsm;a lrkqfha ksis f,i
jspdr mQrAjlj yd uOHia:j lreKq jgyd fkdf.kh' .sys yd mejssos iudc ixia:d w;r
mj;skqfha .i yd fmd;a; fuka inZo;djls' mjq,a ixia:djkays .egZM yd oreKq iudc wrAnqo
nyq, jrA;udk .sys iudcfhka l`, orejka mejsos Wmiuzmod lrkq ,nhs' .sys iudch fuz id
wrAnqohl mj;soaoS mejsos ixia:dj muKla bka jshqla;j f.k Bg fodIdfrdamK t,a, lsrSu
idOdrK fkdjk nj fmfka' isZ.df,djdo iQ;@fhys iosid kuialdrh uehska bosrsm;a lrk ,o
m@Odk iudc ixia:djka flfrys iudc n,mEu ksid tlS iudc ixia:djka ;`< jsoHudk jk
jsjsO .egZM idlpzPd l< hq;af;a mj;sk iudchg idfmaCIlj jskd thska jshqla;j fkdfjz'
tf,i jshqla;j ie,l`jfyd;a iudc ixia:d o meyeos,sj wrA:j;a l< yels fkdfjz' iudchla
hkq iudc ixia:d fndfyda .Kklska ie|=uz,;a b;du;a ixlSrAK moaO;shla ksid tys iEu
wxYhlu iunr;djh fiiq wxYj,g wod< fjz' bka tla wxYhla fyda fu;a;d ixl,amfhka
mrsndysrj lghq;` lsrSu fuz fya;`j ksid fiiq wxYj,g b;du;a wrAnqoldrS f,i n,mdkq ,nhs'
jrA;udk iudcfhys mj;akakd jQ wrAnqoldrS .egquzldrS jd;djrKh fuz ksid tla tla
mdrAYjhla fya;`fjka is|= jQjla f,i tlsfkldyg we.s,s os.` lr.ekSu f;areula fkdue;s ksIaM,
jQjls' nq|=iuh lsisjsfglj;a huzlsis lreKla is|=jSug n,mdkq ,nk fya;`j fyda fya;`rdYsh
foi jsuid fkdn,d yqfola .egZMjg ms<shuz fhoSu wkqu; fkdlrkq ,nhs' jsoHd;aul
pska;kfhys,d o fuz lreK fufiau js.@yhg nZ|=ka lrkq ,nk w;r .egZM iZoyd ms,shuz
fhdckd lsrSfuz oSo jsurAYkd;aul fya;`jg ksis ms<shuz fhoSu yd wod< i;Huh we.hquz Ndjs;d
lsrSu is|= lrkq ,nhs' jsoHd;aul l@ufhys oS fukau nq|=iufhys oS o mqoa.,hd j;afmdfydi;alu"
l`<h" iudc ;;ajh" ia;@S mqreI Ndjh" Z{d;S iuznJO;d ie<ls,a,g .ksuska ukskq fkd,nk
w;r idOdrK we.hqulg meusKSu msKsi mqoa., l@shdjka muKla fpz;kdjg hg;aj
ie,ls,a,g .kq ,nhs' fn#oaO iS, YsCIdfjys yd m@d;sfudCIfhys jskh YsCIdjkays fpz;kdjg
uy;a ie,ls,a,la olajk w;r th w;sYhskau udkqIsl jQjla o fjz'28 frdau ,kafoais kS;sfhys o
195

8. fpz;kdj wkqj l@shdfjys iajNdjh ;SrKh lrkq ,nk nj fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fpz;kdj fu;a;d
ixl,amh u; mokuzj iudc iuznJO;djhka f.dvkZ.d .ekSu ksrka;rfhkau hym;a fjz'
fojzo;a f;reka nq|=ka jyiafiaf.a isrer u;g .,la fmr,d thska nq|= isrer ;`jd, is|=lr f,a
fi,jSu wdkka;rSh wl`Y,hla jkafka;a" thska we;s jQ ;`jd,hg yd ;e,Su iZoyd ms<shuz f,i
cSjl ffjoHjrhd jsiska fnfy;a .e,ajSu msKsi nq|=ka jykafiaf.a ;`jd,h yd ;e,Su m,d f,a
fi,jSu jsYd, l`Y,hla jqfha;a tlS isoaOs foflys oS fpz;kdfjys l@shdldrSFjh fjkia jQ nejsks'
fuz fya;`j ksidu ksrka;rfhkau iudcYS,S osjshla .;lrkakd jQ mqoa.,hka fnfyjska fu;a;d
ixl,amh fiajkh l< hq;af;a iudc iuznJO;d iEu tlloSu mdfya ffu;@S mQrAjlju lghq;`
lsrSu w;sYh jeo.;a nejsks'29
wjros. rgj,a jsiska ish ixjrAOkfhys uQ,OrAu f,i i,ld l@shdlrkq ,nk yd
ish WmfoaYk udrA.fhka taldka; i;H f,i furgg o fnodfokq ,nk" ngysr oekquz moaO;s
iEu jsglu mdfya mqoa.,hd yd iudch tlla jYfhka fkdj folla jYfhka i,ld lghq;`
lrkakg mQrAjdorAY imhd we;'iudc ixjrAOkh idrOrAu jshqla; fN#;sl mlaIhg keUqre
lrjSug m@h;akhka ngysr WmfoaY;`< wka;rA.;h'kuq;a fmros. oekquz moaO;sj, idrOrAu
ixjrAOkh fN#;sl ixjrAOkfhys mQrAjx.h jsh hq;` nj ukdj meyeos,s lroS ;sfnz' l`rsre
ukqIH >d;k yd f,a je.srjSuz udrA.fhka o jsfYaIfhkau fj<Zo ixialD;sfhys wdOsm;H uZ.ska o
fmros. oekquz moaO;sj, hgm;a lroeuSug ngysr rgj,g we;s jqjukdj kj hg;ajscs;lrK
m@;sm;a;s uZ.ska fy,sorjz fjz'fmros. oekquz moaO;sj, jsfYaIFjh jkqfha iEu jsgloS u mqoa.,hd
iucfhka jshqla;fldg fkdj iudcfhysu mQrAj tallh jYfhka i,ld we;s njhs' jsfYaIfhkau
fmros. oekquz moaO;sh ;`<oS;a" ffjosl ixialD;sh ;`< fkdj m@;sffjosl ixialD;sh ;`<
fnfyjskau fuz ms<snZoj idlpzPdjg nZ|=ka jS ;sfnz' tu ksidu ffjosl ixialD;shg jvd udkj
flaJ|@shl iajrEmhla m@;s ffjosl ixialD;sh ;`< jsoHudk fjz' m@;s ffjosl ixialD;sh ;`<;a Igz
Ydia;Djkaf.a wd.usl b.ekajSuzj,g jvd jevs bvlvla nq|=iufhys udkj flaJ|@Sh iajNdjh yd
iudc iuznJO;djhka iuznJOfhka mqoa., l@shdldrSFjfhys we;s jgskdlu fmkajd oSug fya;`j
jqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh iuznJOfhka nq|=iuh w;am;a lrf.k we;s mqZM,a w;aoelSuz yd oekquz
fldgzGdYh ksid hehs ks.ukhlg meusKsug mqZMjk' tfiau wkH iuhhka yqfola fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys jmirsh yqfola fpz;kdfjka mrsndysrj ldhsl mCIhg muKla iSud lr oelafuka
muKla iEySulg m;a jQ iajrEmhla jsoHudk jk w;r nq|= iuh bka Tnzng f.dia tys udkisl
mCIh l@udkQl~, wkaouska mrAfhaIKd;aul wkaouska is|= lrkq ,enQ mqoa., w;aoelSuz mdol
lrf.k fy<sorjz lruska tys kj udkhka lrd jsyso f.dia we;' iudc l@shdldrSFjh ;`<oS
tf,i fidhd .kakd ,o fu;a;d ixl,amfhys kj udkhka yd m@fjzYhka b;du;a idrA:l
wdldrfhka iudc yeiSrSuzys wfkHdakH iqyonj yd jsYajikSh nj jrAOkh lr.ksuska mj;ajd
.ekSu msKsi Ndjs;hg .ekSug yelshdj we;'30 jsfYaIfhkau fn#oaO idrOrAu ish,a,lau
mdfya mdol jS we;af;a fu;a;d ixl,amh flaJ|@fldgf.k nj meyeos,sju fmfkkakg ;sfnz'
thg fya;`jla nq|=iuh b;du;a wjsysxidjdoS oyula jSuhs' fndfyda fokd nq|=oyug jvd
196

9. iSudka;sl jQ mru wjsysxidjla ffck iuh ;`< jsoHudk fj;ehs mjikafka th
w;a;ls,u:dkQfhda.S wjsysxid orAYkhla bosrsm;a lrk nejsks' fuz ;`< wkHhka jsIfhys fu;a;d
ixl,amh ksis wdldrfhka l@shd;aul jSu fmfkkakg ;sfn;;a" ;ukag b;du;a mSvdckl
;;ajhka flfrys fhduq lrk nejska ;ud flfrys fu;a;d ixl,amh h:d whqrska l@shd;aul fjz
hehs mejiSug wmyiqh' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ksis iudc l@shdldrSFjh oel.ekSug kuz th
wkHhka jsIfhys fukau ;ud jsIfhys o tlf,igu iSud iuzfNaohlska f;drj l@shd;auljsh
hq;`h' fuz fya;`j ksid nq|=iufhys ;ruz mqZM,a iajrEmfhka ffck oyu ;`< fu;a;d ixl,amh
iunrj l@shd;aul fkdfjz' fuz ksid nq|=iuhg jvd mqZM,a jmirshl jQ mru wjsysxidjla fjk;a
lsis|= iuhjdohl fkd b.ekafj;ehs mejish yelsh'31 iudc l@shdldrsFjfhys il@shldrS
iajNdjh flfrys fu;a;d ixl,amfhys n,meu meyeos,sju oel.; yelsh' ienjskau fu;a;d
ixl,amh wrA: iuzmkak jkqfha iudc l@shdldrSFjh ksiduh'32
ishZM idrOrAuj, yd ishZM iodpdr iuzmkak lghq;`j, moku fu;a;d
ixl,amh f,i wrA: oelajsh yelafla ta ishZM lghq;`u wrA: iuzmkak jkqfha ffcj ys;jdoS
iudc miq;,h mdol lrf.k mej;Suhs' ffcj ys;jdoSnj kuz yg.ekSug yd wLKav
meje;aug wdOdrjk njhs'33 fuz ksid iudc miq;,hlska mrsndysrj hful`g idrOrAu fyda
iodpdrh wrA: iuzmkak l< yelalla fkdfjz'34 tf,i iudcfhka mrsndysrj idrOrAuj,g fyda
iodpdrhg fyda meje;aula ;snsh fkdyelafla ta ish,a,f.au iSudjka usksia jgskdluz yd we.hquz
wkqju ;SrKh flrekq iajrEmhla ta ;`<u jsoHudk nejsks' usksia jgskdluz yd huz huz we.hquz
tajdg ysus lrfokq ,nkafka iudch ;`<oS iduQysl jYfhka tlZ.jkq ,nk ksyZv iuzuq;Ska
j,oSh'35 ixl,amSh mCIfhka jshqla;j yodrkq ,nk idrOrAu fuz wkqj Ndjs;fhys oS Ndjs;hg
.kq ,nk ia:dkh" mqoa., iajrEmh wkqj l,ska ;SrKh l< fkdyels wdldrfhys jsjsO
mrsjrA;kSh iajrEmhkag jsp,khjSu fuz wdldrfhka fkdje<lajsh yels fohla jkq we;'
idrOrAu jsjsO iajrEmfhka mej;sh;a tys moku f,i ie,flk fu;a;d ixl,amh ;j |=rg;a
tys uq,a iajrEmfhkau l@shd;aul jSu u; tlS idrOrAufhys iudc jeo.;alu rZod mj;S' usksia
iudch ;`< iudc taldnoaO;djh rZod mj;skafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys l@shdldrSFjh ta iudch
;`< l`uk wdldrfhka mejf;kafkao hk lreK u;h'36 huz wdldrhlska usksfil` ;j
flfkl`f.a uQ,sl usksia whs;sjdisluz W,a,x>kh lsrSu jkdyS fuf,dj ;udf.a osjs meje;aug jsk
lr.ekSu yd iudk wdpdr jsoHd;aul mlaIfhka idjoH l@shdjls'37 iudch jsIfhys fu;a;d
ixl,amh jHdma;lsrSfuz ienE wruqK tnZ|= mqoa.,hd w;ska nsZojefgk nejska tnZ|= ;eke;a;dyg
idrA:l iudcYS,S meje;aulao ;snsh fkdyel' fu;a;d ixl,amhg mrsndysrj mrsndysrj
iudcfhys jQ huz mqoa.,fhl` w;ska iudc iuzu; huz fohla lvjk wjia:djl oS th wfkl`;a
mqoa.,hka flfrys n,mdkq ,nk iajrEmfha nrm;,lu wkqj th yqfola wdpdr OrAu
W,a,x>khla o idrOrAu mCIfhys jQ msrsySula o fkdtfia kuz wmrdOhl iajrEmfhys jrola o
hkak ;SrKh flfrA'38 cSj;ajSfuz whs;sh uQ,sl usksia whs;shls'tfiau th iudc iuzu;hls'
flfkl` th W,a,x>kh lr ;fjfll`f.a osjs f;drlrhso tjsg th idjoH ukqIH >d;khla
197

10. fjz' tfiau th wdpdr OrAu W,a,x>khla muKla fkdj wmrdOhl iajrEmfha jQ jrola o fjz'
flfkl` ;j wfhl`g tfrysj oafjzI iy.;j fla<duz nia mjihso th yqfola wfkldf.a
fm#oa.,sl;ajhg tfrysj hk wdpdr OrAu W,a,x>khla muKla fjz'th idjoH ukqIH
>d;khla fuka wmrdOuh jrola fkdfjz' kuq|= we;euzjsgl funZ|= wdpdr OrAu W,a,>k ksid
miqld,Skj idjoH ukqIH >d;k is|=jSug wjYH uQ,sl ldhsl yd udkisl miqnsu iliajSug
fya;`jla jsh yelsh'tu ksid wdpdr OrAu W,a,>kh lsrSu jeks iqZM jrola mjd fkdlr isgSu
yeu;skau jeo.;afjz' fn#oaO jsydria:dkhlg msjsiSfuzoS ysia jeiquz bj;alsrSu idudkH
pdrs;@hhs' th ffk;sl fohla fkdfjz' iudcfha fmd|=fjz mj;sk wd.usl iuzuq;shls' huz flfkl`
fuu isrs; W,a,x>kh lr ysia jeiquz me<Zof.k fn#oaO isoaOia:dkhg msjsi lghq;` l<fyd;a ta
iZoyd kS;suh l@shdudrA.hlg msjsiSug fkdyelsh' th wdpdrOrAu lvlsrSula muKla jk
ksidh' tfiau th fn#oaO idrOrAu W,a,x>khls' ta iZoyd kS;suh l@shdudrA.hla .;fkdyelafla
wmrdOhla fkdjk ksidh' fn#oaO isoaOia:dkhlg msjsi lghq;`lsrSfuz oS ysia jeiquz bj;alsrSu
fn#oaO idrOrAuhla f,i ie,flk kuq|= bia,duz idrOrAu wkqj wd.usl lghq;` bgqlsrSu iZoyd
bia,duz isoaOia:dkhlg msjsish hq;` jkqfha ysia jeiquz me<Zo f.kh' fuz wkqj tla wd.ul
idrOrAu fia ie,flk isrs;a fyda pdrs;@ fjk;a wd.ul idrOrAu jsfrdaOS foa f,io ie,lsh
yelsh' kuq|= mdjyka bj;alsrSu isrs; iEu wd.usl isoaOia:dkhlgu msjsiSfuz oS oelsh yels
fmd|= wd.usl idrOrAuhla fia ie,lsh yelsh'
huz pdrs;@hla nsys jkafka iudcfhys fjfik fmd|= ishZM fokdf.au iuzuq;sfhks'
pdrs;@ jdrs;@ fofldgilg fuys fnoSu olakg ,efnz' jdrs;@ hkq huzlsis fohla fkd l< hq;` hehs
iduQyslj we;s lr.kakd ,o ;SrKhla jk w;r jdrs;@ hkq fuz wdldrfhkau huz huz foa fkd
l< hq;` hehs we;s lr.kakd ,o iduQysl neZoSu fjz' isrs;a jsrs;a f,i yeZoskafjkafkao pdrs;@ yd
jdrs;@ jYfhka wrA: olajk ,o fohu fjz' fujeks foa iudcfhys yg.kq ,nkafka iudc
moaO;sh ;`< fjfikakd jQ mqoa.,hka Tjqfkdjqka w;r iduQyslj we;s lr.kakd ,o udkqIsl
neZoSu ksihs' udkqIslFjh cks; jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys n,meu ksidh'39 fuz whqrska
mqoa.,hka ;`< iduQyslFjh cks; lrk fu;a;d ixl,amh ixjrAOkSh mCIfhka ;j ;j;a
fudard h;au wdpdrOrAu jmirsfhka o Tnzng hdug iu;a fjz' tjsg wdpdr OrAu ;j|=rg;a
wdpdrOrAu f,i fkdyeZoskafjk w;r tjd yeZoskafjkafka idrOrAu f,ih'
meyeos,sju idrOrAu iZoyd wd.usl miq;,hla" ixialD;sl miqnsula we;'
wd.usl" wdrA:sl yd iudchSh miqnsu fmd|=fjz .;al< th ixialD;sl miq;,h jYfhka
yeZoskafjz' fuz wkqj fu;a;d ixl,amh o yqfola wdpdrOrAu miqnsfuka wdruzN jS" pdrs;@ jdrs;@
Tiafia bosrshg .uka lr irOrAu ;,hg <Z.d fjz' fmd|=fjz .;a l< ishZM wdpdrOrAu yd
idrOrAu iZoyd iudchSh iyNd.SFjh wfmaCIs; nejska yd iudc odhlFjh ,ensh hq;` nejska
fu;a;d ixl,amh Tiafia ishZM foh fm< .iajkq ,nhs' ishZM iudc ixia:djka w;frys hq;`luz
yd j.lSuz wrA: oelafjkafka o fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul jk jsg nejska hq;`luz yd
198

11. j.lSuzj,u ;j;a iajrEmhlau jQ wdpdr OrAu fukau idrOrAu o fu;a;d ixl,amhu mdolj
yg .efka'40 fu;a;d ixl,amh ishZM fofhys mokuhs' cSjhhs' usksidf.a ishZM l@shdldrluz
hym;a wxYhg .uka lrjkafka tfukau iudch yd tjka iudc iuznJO;d flfrys l@shdldrS
mCIfhka odhl lrjkafka fu;a;d ixl,amhhs'41 fuz ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh wfkla ixl,amj,g
idfmaCIlj b;du;a by< iudc l@shdldrSFjhla fmkajk ixl,amhla jYfhka o we.hqug md;@
l< yelsh' jsfYaIfhka fu;a;d ixl,amg iudk wfkla iuh ixl,amj, jsoHdudk fkdjk
m@dfhda.sl yr moaO;shla yd iuia;uh mrsmQrAK njla fu;a;d ixl,amfhys jsoHdudkjSug tys
nqoaOs mdol jrAOkSh YlH;dj fkduZoj bjy,aa jS ;sfnz'
idrOrAu ksrka;rfhkau iudch;a" mqoa.,hd;a Okd;aul wxYfhka bosrshg
.uka lrjSu msKsi uQ,sl;ajh imhk kshuqjd f,i yeZoskajSu ksjerosh' udkj prAhd rgd
wOHhkh lsrSfuzoS meyeos,s jk iqjsfYaIs;u ,laIKhla kuz tajdfha m@OdkFjh .kakd idrOrAu
ish,a,lau mdfya fu;a;d ixl,amfhka cSjh ,nk njhs' nz,Qlhsuz mjid we;s mrsos iudc
nJOkhla f,i idrOrAu l@shd;auljSfuz oS iudcfhys tla tl iudc ixia:djka wrnhd o tla
tla iudc ixia:djla ;`< ixia:d.;jk mqoa.,hka w;r iduQyslnjla" us;@Fjhla cks;lrjSu
wrnhd o" fu;a;d ixl,amh iDcq f,iu ueosy;a fjz' fuz ueosy;ajSu iudc ixia:djka iEu tlla
flfrysu iudk f,i yd ;sria fukau isria iuznJO;djhka f,i o l@shd;aul fjz' fuys isria
iuznJO;djhka f,i wrA:h:kh jkafka iudcfhys m@OdkFjh .kakd wkqms<sfj< hgf;ys
by< isg wjidk mqrel olajd mqoa.,dka;r iy ixia:duh iuznJO;djhka jk w;r" ;sria
iuznJO;djhka jkafka tl iudc ix;shlu fyda tlu fY@aKsfhys jQ mqoa.,dka;r iy iudc
ixia:duh iuznJO;djhkah' wmg iudcfhys jsjsO mqoa.,hka iuz. lghq;` lsrSfuz oS fuls ;sria
yd isria iuznJO;djhkaj,g wkqj wm iudch keue;s wm jeksu mqoa.,hskaf.ka iqieos iqjsYd,
moaO;sh yd tla jS jsjsO l@shdldruzys fhfokafkda fjuq'42
ffk;sl oDIags fldaKfhka jsuid ne,Sfuys oS" oKavkh ms<snZoj wrA:l:kh lr
we;af;a iudcfhys cSj;ajk ishZM fokdf.au iduQysl meje;aug tlZ.Fjhg jsreoaOj hduloS
fyda tu iduQysl nj LKavkh lsrSuloS Bg tfrysj wod< jro is|= lrkq ,enQ mqoa.,hd
ksjerosj lsrSu fyda mqkre;a:dmkh lsrSu iZoyd Ndjs;d lrkq ,nk fuj,ula f,ih' tu
jrfoys iajrEmh yd ta msKsi ,ndfok oKavkfha iajNdjh ;SrKh lsrSu iZoyd kS;sfha fyda
jHjia:dfjz oekg iuzu;j mj;sk huz huz kS;suh m@;smdok wod< lr.kq ,efnz' tjsg ta iZoyd
m@;slrAuh jYfhka kej;;a iudcfhys l,ska mej;s tlS iduQysl nju we;s l< yelsh'tfiau
th uekjska m@;sIaGdmkhg m;alrjSu msKsi;a" iduh yd iuZ.sh jrAOkh lrjSu msKsi;a
kS;sh keue;s jHia:d moaO;sh wkqj lghq;`lr Bg wkq.;j tys iZoyka jk mrsoafoka tlS jrog
iq|=iq oKavk l@ufjzohla ;`<ska tu jro ksjeros lsrSu msKsi;a" m<s.ekSfuys fpz;kdfjka
mrsndysrj wod< pqos;hd flfrys ioaNdjfhka hq;`j lghq;` lsrSu idudkH ms<sfj,hs' iudcfhys
kS;sh keue;s fmd|= yd iduqysl jHjia:dud,dj ilia jS we;af;a o fulS wruqKq bgqlr.ekSu
199

12. uZ.ska iudc iduQyslFjh iqrCIs; lr,Su iZoydh' tla tla iudc ixia:d w;r udkqIsluh
me;slv Tiafia jsYajikSh id idOdrK iudc inZo;dj,g uZ.yir fy<s fmfy<s lr.ekSu
wrNhdh' tu ksid kS;sh iEu jsgu irAjidOdrK yd irAj ksrAfodaIs ish,a,ka jsiskau w.h
fldg ie,lsh hq;a;lao jkafkah' tfukau kS;sh l@shd;aul jkafka ieu mqoa.,fhl`f.au
fm#oa.,sl iudc ;;ajh wkqj fkdj ish,a,kau iudkFjfhka ie,ls,a,g f.kh' tu ksid
kS;shg olajk f.#rjh jkdyS yqfola udkqIslnfjka jshqla; f,aLk.; jHjia:d ud<djlg
olajk mCImd;SFjhla muKla f,i jg.ekSu idjoHh' th iudc taldnoaO;dj" iqrlaIs; osjs
meje;au yd us;@YS,Snj flfrys olajk ie,ls,a,la yd f.#rjhla o fjz' iudc taldnoaO;djh
rZod meje;au iZoyd fuu lreKq w;sYhska jeo.;a fjz'43
kS;sh jkdyS iudcfhys fjfik mqoa.,hska w;r mKjd .kakd ,o fmd|=
jHjia:d ud<djls' meKjSuz moaO;shls' fuu jHjia:djka meKjSu fyda ilia lsrSug ;ks
mqoa.,fhl`g muKla ksfYaOs; n,hla fkdue;s w;r th iudcfhys wfkl`;a idudcslhka w;r
we;s lr.kq ,nk fmd|= tlZ.Fjhla u;" tu tlZ.Fjh iqrCIs; lr.kq iZoydu is|= lr.kq
,nk meKjSulau jsh hq;`h'44 tu meKjsu uZ.ska yqfola iudcfhys fmd|= tlZ.Fjh iqyoFjh
us;@Fjh iqrCIs; jsh hq;` w;r fuz ;`<ska lsishuz mqoa.,fhl`g fyda mqoa.,hska lKavdhul
rsojSfuz fyda m<s.ekSfuz fpz;kdjla fkdjsh hq;`h' fyj;a oafjzIfhka f;drj us;@Fjfhka hq;`j
iEu flfkl`g ;j;a mqoa.,fhl` iuZ. lghq;` lsrSfuz yelshdj iqrCIs; lsrSfuz woyiskau
jHjia:dj iEu fokd jsiskau wdrCId lsrSug neZoS isgs;s'
jrola is|=lrkq ,nkafka iudc iduQyslFjhg tfrysj nejska oKavkfhys
moku jsh hq;af;a mqoa.,fhl`f.ka fyda mqoa., lKavdhfuka m<s.ekSfuz fpz;kdfjka fkdjk
nejska oKavkfhys wruqK jsh hq;af;a o iudc yd mqoa., m<s.ekSulska f;drj mqoa., yd
iudc iduQyslFjh we;s lrjSuhs' fuz fya;`j ksid mqoa.,hd jroska uqojd .ekSu;a" iudch
iqrCIs; lsrSu;a hk folu tlajr iq|=iq wdldrfhka m<s.ekSfuz fpz;kdfjka f;drj fhdokq
,nk oKavkh ;`<ska wfmaCIs;hs' nq|=rcdKka jykafia ldhsl oKavkfhka neyerj udkisl
oKavkh wkqu; lr we;af;a o mqoa.,hd jroska uqojd hym;g .ekSfuz yelshdjla ta ;`< we;s
nejsks' udkisl oKavkh l@shd;aul jkafka mqoa.,hd jroska uqqojd Tyqg;a" fiiq iudchg;a"
hym;la is|=lr,Sfuz ffu;@S mQrAjl fpz;kdj Tiafia nejska th iq|=iq l@ufjzohla f,i ks.ukh
l< yelsh'45
fu;a;d ixl,amh Tiafia ish pska;kh fufyhjk mqoa.,hd w;ska ;ukag;a
iudchg;a hym;lau muKla Wodfjhs' Wolau ;ud ;`< we;s mqyq|=ka iajNdjh ksidu"
yosisfhka we;sjk jsjsO ps;a;fjz.sl is;sjs,s yd iakdhquh wdfjz.hka ksid huz jrolg fyda
jroldrS njlg fyda mqoa.,hd fhduq jqj o jyd ;u jro isysjSfuka fyda fjk;a flfkl` jsiska
fmkajd fokq ,enSfuka miq Tyqg ksjerosjSug wjldY ie,fikafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdNdih
200

13. ksrka;rfhkau ,enSu ksid Tyq ;`< wNHka;r wys;lr wxYfhys ps;a;fjz.d;aul md,khla
f.dvkeZ.S ;snSu;a os.` l,la ;siafia tnZ|= iajlSh md,khlg fu;a is; fmrgq fldgf.k ;@sjsO
oajdrfhka lgqhq;` lsrSug mqoa.,hd uekjska yqre mqre|=j isgSu;a ksidh'46 lsishuz mqoa.,fhl` ish
is; ;`< fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkhjSu ksid iudch ;`< wl@shdldrS WodiSk mqoa.,fhl` njg
m;a fkdfjz' wys;lr iDKd;aul udkisl fm<njSuz j,ska jshqla; ksid iudch ;`< fnfyjska
l@shdYS,S prs; .;lrkafka o fu;a;d ixl,amfhka iukajs; is;a we;s whh'47
usksia iudchla hkq ksr;`rej ir< frALshj jsldYh jk fohla fkdfjz' iudch
hkq fndfyda ixlSrAK ia:dkhls' tnejska iudc iuznJO;d o ixlSrAKhjSu iajNdjslh' funZ|=
ixlSrAK iudc iuznJO;d mj;ajk jsjsO iudc ixia:dj,g wh;a mqoa.,hka .; lrkafka o
ir< jQ cSjs; fkdfjz'48 jrA;udkfhys fujka ixlSrAK ffoksl cSjk rgdjla .;lrkakg jSu
ksid fnfyjska usksiqkaf.a YrSr;`< ffcjuh wiu;`<s;;djh fya;`fjka yg.efkk jsjsO ldhsl
frda.dndO nyq,j we;'tfiau wOslj udkisl f;fygzgqjg m;ajSfuka yd oevs udkisl wd;;sh
ksid yg.kakd udkisl frda.dndO mjd j;auka hq.fhys nyq,j olakg ,efnz' jhia fNaohlska
f;drj we;sjk fud<fhys iakdhq.; frda.dndO mjd iudcfha jHdma;j we;af;a .egquz wrAnqo
ksid udkisl wd;;shlska osjs f.jk wh nyq, nejsks' tfiau tnZ|= ixlSrAK frda.dndOhkag
m@;sldr m;d frday,a .;jkakka o kQ;k iudcfha nyq,h' iudcfhys mj;sk funZ|= jsIu
;;ajhka ksid yg.kakd jsjsO ldhsl |=rAj,;djhka yd udkisl wd;;Skaf.ka usksia uki
ksrka;rfhka mSvdjg m;afjz' tnejska wo fndfyda wh fulS frda.dndO iqjlr .ekSu msKsi yd
ufkdaldhsl bys,anj we;slr .ekSu msKsi ldhsl" udkisl wNHdi mqyqKq lrjkakd jQ ia:dk
lrd fia weoS hknj olakg ,efnz'49
nq|=iuh fmkajd fokq ,nkafka wOsl jev lghq;` j,ska f;dr iqjodhl ieye,a,q
nj mqoa., ukig jsfjzlh yd iykYS,;djh f.k fok njhs' tfiau fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d
lsrSu uZ.ska mqoa., uki b;du;a blaukska ieye,a,q yd iqjodhs iajNdjhlg mrsjrA;kh jk
wdldrh nq|=iuh uekjska js.@yfldg fmkajhs'50 usksia ukfiys wd;;s iukhg fu;a;d
ixl,amh Ndjs;d lsrSu ;ruz ;j;a fjkhuz Tiqjla fkdue;s ;rug tuZ.ska ,efnk mqoa., yd
iudc iykYS,;djh buy;ah' fuuZ.ska ,efnk iudc iykYS,;djh fl;ruz o lsjfyd;a
fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d lrkq ,nk mqoa.,hd flfrys wdlrAIKhla olajkafka yqfola
ukqIHhkau muKla fkdj jsjsO ik`ka hCI fm@a; foaj;d yd n@yau jeks fldgzGdY uy;a rdYshla
jQ wukqIH fldgia o we;s nj fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fuhska fmfkkafka jrA;udkfhys wm is;d isgk
iudch jk usksiqkaf.ka muKla iqieos iudchg;a jvd mqZM,a jQ w;sYhskau jsYd, jQ iudc
moaO;shla fuz jsYajh ;`< mj;sk njhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d lsrSu ksrka;rfhkau mqre|=
mqyqKq lsrSu ;`< mqoa.,hkayg ta ;`< jsjsO iudc iuznJO;d wka;rA.; ikaksfjzok cd,hla
urKska u;` fyda cSj;aj isgshoSu fyda Wreu jk njhs'51
201

14. wm jrA;udkfhys iudch hkakg usksiqkaf.ka muKla iukajs; iudchla wrA:
olajkq ,enQj;a nq|=rcdKka jykafiaf.a wrA:l:kh wkqj iudch fuu usksia iudch blaujd
iFjhska wukqIHhska we;`ZMj jsYajSh iudch flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrjd tu jsYajsh
iudcfhys usksid jsish hq;af;a fldhs wdldrhlg o yd tu iudcfhys usksid fiiq iFjhska
iuZ. iudc iuznJO;d f.dvkZ.d .; hq;af;a yd iudc iuznJO;d mj;ajd.; hq;af;a l`uk
mqoa.,hska iuZ. l`ukdldrhg oehs hkdoS jYfhka b;du;a mqZM,a oelaulska hqla;j Wmfoia ,nd
oS ;sfnz'52 ta iEu jsgloSu ksrka;rfhkau mqoa.,hd wjfYaI iFjhska iuZ. lghq;` l< hq;af;a
fu;a;d ixl,amh fmroersj nj Wkajykafia jsiska wjOdrKh lrkq ,en we;' tjsg usksidg
;uka fkdis;k wdldrhg ;ukag lsisosk msysg fjzhehs fkdis;k jsjsO wukqIH iFj
fldgzGdYjs,ska mjd msysg yd wdrCIdj ie,fik nj fuysoS jevs |=rg;a Wkajykafia jsiska
meyeos,s lr oS ;sfnz' ffu;@sh ish is;a i;kays we;s lr.kakd yd jv jvd;a th jrAOkh
lrf.k ta wkqj lghq;` lrkakd mqoa.,hd wukqIHhskag mjd m@sh ukdm jk nj yd
wukqIHhkaf.ka mjd msysg ie,fik wdldrh b;d m@dfhda.slj Tmamqlr fmkajd oS ;sfnz'53
fu;a;d ixl,amh fmroersj lghq;` lrkq ,nk mqoa.,hkag jsjsO ffcj
fldgzGdY w;sYhskau m@shlrk nj o fuu ffcj fldgzGdY w;rg usksidg wu;rj jsjsO ffcj
jsfYaIhka o wka;rA.; jk nj o nq|=rcdKka jykafia jsiska fmkajd oS we;af;a usksid ;`< ;ud
yer wfkl`;a iFjhska ms<snZoj lsishuz idkqluzms; oelaula my<jSu uZ.ska usksid iajNdjfhkau
us;@YS,S iudc iuznJO;d mj;ajkakd jQ wh njg mrsjrA;kh lsrSu msKsih' wju jYfhka wm
cSjSka jYfhka i,lkq ,nk Ydl f,dalh flfrys mjd fu;a;d ixl,amh fmroersj l@shdlrk
fuka NsCIqka jykafia,dyg fkdfhl`;a jsg Wmfoia ,nd oS we;s wdldrh wkqj nq|=rdcKka
jykafia ieneu mrsirfjzosfhl` jYfhka l@shdldrS jS we;s wdldrh yZ|=kd.; yel'54 wdydr
oduhl ksIamdolhd f,i usksid we;`ZM ffcj mrsirh mj;skafka yd rZod mj;skafka Ydl
f,dalh mokuz lrf.k nejska usksia l@shdldrluz fu;a;d ixl,amh mdolj Ydl f,dalh /l
.ekSu iZoyd o jsYd, odhlFjhla iemhsh hq;`h hkak nq|=rcdKka jykafiaf.a woyi nj
fuhska meyeos,sh'
iudch yd iudc l@shdldrSFjh werfUkqfha mqoa.,hd yd mqoa., l@shdldrSFjh
flaka|@lrf.k nj nq|= iuh ms<s.kS' ksrka;rfhkau mqoa.,.; l@shdldrSFjh wrnhd wkHhka
jsIfhys ys;dkqluzmSj lghq;` lsrSu yd wfkHdkH iuQmldr meje;au wkqu; nq|=iuh jsiska
wkqu; lr ;sfnz' hym;a mrudorAYS iudc iuznJO;d f.dkeZ.Sfuz oS yd tajd uekjska
mj;ajdf.k hefuz oS wkHhkaf.a mqoa., prs; iajNdjh yd ;udgu wdfjzKsl huz huz .;s isrs;a
wys;lr f,i n,mEu ksid fyda ;u laIKsl ps;a; wdfjz.hkag k;`jSu ksid fyda tu iudc
iuznJO;dj nsZoS hEfuys bvlv nyq,h'55 iudc inZo;d f.dvkeZ.SfuzoS yd tfia f.dvkZ.d .kq
,enQ inZo;d mj;ajdf.k hEfuzoS mqoa., flaka|@Sh iajNdjh jeo.;a idOlhla jkqfha fuz ksidh'
tuZ.ska iudc iuznJO;d f.dvkeZ.Sfuz oS yd meje;ajSfuz oS jsjsO mdrAYj w;ska is|=jk yd is|=jsh
202

15. yels b;du;au iqZM iqZM wvqmdvqluz fkd i,ld yer wfkla mdrAYjh foi ohdkqluzmdfjka
ne,Sug yelshdj we;s mqoa.,hska fldgzGdYhla nsyslsrSu fuu orAYkfhys moku f,i ie,fla'56
iudch ;`< tla mqoa., fldgzGdYhla ;j;a mqoa., fldgzGdYhla fm<nska
urAokh lruska Tjqkaf.a whs;sjdisluz N`la;sjsZoSu iudc nsZojegSula fyda iudc wr.,hla
ksrAudKhjSug;a th jrAOkhjSug;a m@Odk;u fya;` idOlhls' fufia jkqfha n,h ms<snZo
we;sjk ;Kaydj fya;`fjka mqoa., whs;sh md.d urd oeuSu ksidh' fuh lsisfia;a fifkyi
udkj ohdj uq,afldgf.k is|=jkakd jQ l@shdjla fkdfjz' oafjzI iy.; is;ska l`rsre wdl,amj,ska
is|= lrkq ,nkakla jk w;r m@;sM,h ixudc ixia:djka w;r iudc iuznJO;djhka mZM|= jS
hEuh' mqoa., yd iudc iuznJO;djhkays f.#rjKSh iajNdjh fifkyi us;@Fjh yd iqrCIs;
lsrSug fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d jSu fuz ksid wjYHu jQ fohls'57 fu;a;d ixl,amfhka
mrsndysrj is|=lrkq ,nk mqoa., iuznJO;djhla fyda iudc ixjrAOkhla wrA: iuzmkak
fkdfjz' fu;a;d ixl,afmys wrA:h rZod mj;skafka o th mqoa., iuznJO;djh blaujd iudc
iuznJO;djh lrd fhduq jk wjia:dj ;`< oSh' mqoa., iuznJO;djhkays oS fu;a;d ixl,amh
Ndjs;d fkdjk njla fuhska woyia fkdfjz' mqoa., iuznJO;djhkaj, oS Ndjs;d flfrkqfha
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys mgq iajrEmh jk w;r iudc iuznJO;djhka ys oS tys mqZM,a iajrEmh
Ndjs;hg .kq ,nhs'58
fu;a;d ixl,amh fnfyjska mqZM,a udkqIsl YlH;djhlska iukajs; ixl,amhla
jk w;r ixcdkk" wdfjzok" prAhd" Z{dk jsNd.Sh yd iudc jeks me;slv .Kkdjlska
iukajs; jQjls' fuz fya;`j ksidu fu;a;d ixl,amh fiiq ixl,amj,g jvd iudc
iuznJO;djhka flfrys jevs jYfhka odhlFjhla iemhsh yels yd imhkakd jQ ixl,amhls'
i;H jYfhkau iudc iuznJO;d werUSfuz oS f.dvkZ.d .ekSfuz oS jrAOkh lsrSfuz oS mj;ajd
.ekSfuz oS fu;a;d ixl,amfhys hf:dala; jsjsO me;slv jsjsOdldrfhka odhlFjhla ta msKsi
imhkq ,nhs' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk me;slv iudc iuznJO;djhkays wdruzNl
ia:dkhhs' uQ,slju usksia ukfiys Wmosk us;@YS,S wdl,am prAhd yd wdfjzok me;slv olajd
ikaksfjzokh jkafka yd lsishuz m@ia;`;hla jspdr mQrAjlj wjfndaO lr.kq ,nkafka ixcdkkh
fya;`fjks' fu;a;d ixl,amh wkHhka flfrys we;slr .ekSu fukau wkH mqoa.,hka ;ud fj;
olajk fu;a;d ixl,amh uekjska jgyd.ekSu jeo.;ah' ta wkqj wod< ikaksfjzok fj; m@;spdr
oelajSu o is|=jkqfha mqoa.,dkqnoaO iudc w;aoelSuzj,g wkq.;j jsjsO whf.a ixcdkk me;slv
l@shd;aul jk iajrEmh wkqjh'59 tfukau uQ,slju ;u isf;ys wkHhka fjkqfjka yg.kq ,enQ
fu;a;d ixl,amh ;j;a jrAOkh lruska wLKavj mj;ajdf.k hEu mQrAK iudc osjshla iZoyd
uy;a wdOdrhls' tfiau us;@YS,sFjh jrAOkh lr.ekSu Wfoid wdfjzok" prAhd" Z{dk jsNd. yd
iudc hk tla tla me;slv w;r iudfhdack ldrAhNdrh uekjska bgqlsrSfuzoS fu;a;d ixl,amh
,ndfok ukd msgsjy, udkj wdl,am m@jrAOkh Wfoid uy;a fia M,odhlh'60
203

16. fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok me;slv uZ.ska ixfjzoS ikaksfjzok is;g oefkk
iqZM nj fyj;a yeZ.Suz ckkh lsrSfuz yd th biau;` lsrSfuz wjia:dj Wod lrkq ,nhs' fu;a;d
ixl,amh mdol lrf.k we;sjk ikaksfjzok b;du;au ishquz ugis,sgs wdfjzokhka jk w;r th
b;du;au ieye,a,q is; ksjd,k iqZM wdfjzokhka fjz' idudkHhka wm iDKd;aul hehs yZ|=kajkq
,nk rd. oafjzI yd fuday jeks fiiq wdfjzok uZ.ska is|= lrkq ,nk Ndjjuh mCIfhka is;
le<UjSuhs' bka is;g ksrdhdifhka u;`j tkqfha oevs wfjz.YS,S iajNdjhls' kuq;a fu;a;d
ixl,amh wdfjzokhjSfuz oS ksrdhdifhka is; ikaiqka njg" ksjSug yd ixisZoSug m;afjz'61 tu
yeZ.Suz ixisZoSu udkisl Ydka;sh Wodlr.ekSug WmldrSfjz' tksid iudcfhys jsjsO mqoa.,hka
w;r we;s Ndjuh iajNdjh uq,a lr.;a ifydaord;aul yd us;@YS,S yeZ.Suz jvd;a jrAOkhfjz'
;ud Wmudjg f.k iudcfhys fjfik fiiq mqoa.,hka wrnhd isf;ys m@S;sh ckkh lr.ekSu
iudc wNsjDoaOsh ;ld jevodhlh' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok me;slv jrAOkh jS mej;Su
l@shdYS,S iudc osjshla .;lrkafkl`yg b;d jeo.;ah'62 tla mqoa.,fhl` ;`< uqyqKska isrerska
ckkh jk m@shukdm jQ us;@YS,S udkisl wdfjzok olsk ;j;a mqoa.,fhl`f.a fyda mqoa.,hka
msrsilf.a is;ays o tu lreK wrnhd us;@YS,S wdl,am we;sjSfuz Okd;aul iuzNdjs;dj b;d wOsl
nejz meyeos,sh' iudcfhys fjfikakd jQ wkH mqoa.,hka flfrys us;@YS,S wdfjzok j,ska
iukajs;j lghq;` lrkakd jQ mqoa.,fhl`f.a isf;ys ;j ;j;a tu is;sjs,s frdamKh jS tu
mqoa.,hdf.a muKla fkdj Tyq iuZ. lghq;` lrk fiiq whf.a o is;a i;ka ksjS iekyS hkafka
fndfyda ieye,a,q wdldrfhka jSu fu;a;d ixl,amfhys m@n,Fjh fudkjg biau;`fldg fmkajk
wjia:djls'63 fN#;sl jYfhka .;al< mqoa.,hdf.a isrefrys fydafudak ls@hdldrSFjh hym;a
w;g mrsjrA;khjSug;a f,a Od;`j mjs;@jSug;a udkisl yd ldhsl kSfrda.S;djh yg .ekSug;a
us;@YS,S wdfjzok j,ska iukajs;j ish ffoksl osjs fmfj; .;lsrSu yd iudchSh lghq;`j,
ksr;jSu uy;a msgsjy,la jk nejz fmkajd osh yelsh'64
iudcYS,S osjsfmfj;la .;lrkafkl`yg uy;a fia WmldrSjk fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys fiiq me;slvla kuz prAhd me;slvhs' wkqkag WmldrlsrSu" jsmf;a oS ;udg jsm;la
meusKshd fia is;d thg msysgjSu" jeks foa uZ.ska ndysrj iudch iuZ. fN#;slj lghq;` lsrSu
fuhg we;`<;a fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh mdol lrf.k iudcYS,SNdjhg meusfKk mqoa.,hd
ixcdkk me;slfvka ixl,am .ukdruzNj wdfjzok me;slv ;`< .ukalr f;jk woshr f,i
.uka lrkakd jQ osYdk;sh prAhd me;slv uZ.ska uQrA;su;a flfrA' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys prAhd
me;slv;`<ska iudc iuznJO;d werUSug"mj;ajdf.k hdug fm<fUk mqoa.,hdf.a iqjsfYaIs;dj
jkqfha ieu jsgloSu us;@YS,S wdl,amj,ska iukajs;j ;udf.a yeisrSuz rgdj wkHhkaf.a is;a
fkdrsfok mrsos f.dvkZ.d .ekSug tu mqoa.,hka ;`< mj;sk iqjsYd, oCI;djhhs'65
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys Z{dk jsNd.Sh me;slv uZ.ska mqoa.,hdf.a iudc
iuznJO;djhkays oS tlS mqoa., udkisl iajNdjh ljrdldrfhka nqoaOsuh odhlFjhla iudc
iuznJO;d f.dvkeZ.Su yd f.dvkZ.d .kq ,enQ iudc iuznJO;djhka uekjska mj;ajdf.k hEu
204

17. msKsi ,ndfokafkaoehs jsuid ne,Su is|=lrkq ,nhs' lsishuz mqoa.,fhl` yqol,dj jikafka kuz
fyda tlS mqoa.,hd iudchla ;`< iudc iuznJO;d fkdm;ajhs kuz tlS mqoa.,hdf.a nqoaOsuh
mCIh ms<snZoj t;ruz |=rglg jsuid l@shdlsrSu wjYH fkdjk lreKls' ukao yqfola TzkEu
iFjfhl`f.a uQ,sl wjYH;d wju jYfhka fyda ix;Dma; lsrSu cSjk ksoyi iqrlaIs; lsrSula fia
ie,lsh yelsh' wd;audrA:lduSnj fudayh we;sjSug fya;`jls' fudayfhka uq,djQ ;eke;a;d wkqka
lmgsluska /jgSug l,amkd lrhs' lmgslu hkq m@{dj fyda m@{dj we;slr.ekSug udrA.h
fkdfjz' lmgslu fudayh yd iuznkaOh' m@{dj fyda {dkh iuznkaO jspdr mQrAjl wjia:dj, oS
Z{dk jsNd. jsurAYk wjYHh' {dk jsNd. uQ,OrAu msrslaiSfuz oS ;ks mqoa.,fhl` fyda iudchg
M,odhlj cSj;ajSfuz w.h jsjsO odrAYkslhska yd wd.uz l;!Djreka ksid meyeos,sfjz' kuq;a iudc
me;slv iuznJO {dk jsNd. uQ,OrAu js.@ylr ne,Sfuz oS th yqfola ;ks mqoa.,fhl`f.a iSus;
nqoaOsuh wjYH;d blaujd .sh iajrEmhla mj;S' tysoS jsjsO iudc wjYH;d uekjska ix;Dma;
lsrSu msKsi ,ndfok nqoaOsuh odhlFjh ms<snZoj jsurAYkh lsrSu Z{dk jsNd.hg wh;ah'66
wfkl`;a ishZM me;slvj, odhlFjh ,enSu ksid iudc moaO;sfha taldnoaO;dj
uekjska meje;ajSu flfrys fldmuK Wmfhda.S;djla olajkafkaoehs hk lreK flaJ|@fldg
f.k fu;a;d ixl,amfha iudc me;slv ielfia' iajNdjfhkau fu;a;d ixl,amh iudc
me;slv fnfyjska jsoHudk ixl,amhls' lsishuz mqoa.,fhl` yqol,dj fjfikjdg jvd iudch
iuZ. iyfhda.fhka lghq;` lsrSfuz oS us;@YS,S wdl,am we;slr.ekSu w;HjYHh' tnejska
ksrdifhkau mqoa.,hd us;@YS,Sj iyfhda.fhka lghq;` lsrSfuz oS fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iudc
me;slv m@fhda.slj l@shdjg kZ.kafka fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wjidk ksIaGdj jkqfha o fulS
iudc me;slvu fjz' fuys woyi mqoa.,fhl` ;udyg muKla fkdj iudchg;a jevodhl
mqoa.,fhl` njg mrsjrA;kh jSuhs'67 usksiqka ;`< ksirA.j mj;sk wd;audrA:lduSnj myjhdug
fulS iudc me;slv Tyq ;`< uekjska jrAOkh jsh hq;`h' mQrAK iudc.; osjsfmfj;la .;
lrkakd wd;audrA:ldusfhla fkdfjz' wfkla w;g lsis|= osfkl wd;audrA:lduSfhl`yg mrsmQrAK
iudcYS,S osjsfmfj;la .; l< fkdyel' nq|=ka jykafiaf.a mrdrA:lduS prs; iajNdjh isysm;a
lr.ekSu uZ.ska fuz lreK ukdj jgyd.; yelsh' ;ud;a wkH mqoa.,hkq;a w;r is;ska we;slr
f.k isgskakd jQ iSud iuzfNaoh is;ska |=rej hkqfha o wd;audrA:lduS iajNdjh wvq jQ ;rugh'
wd;audrA:h ;uka yd wkqka w;r jsYd, udkisl mjqrla we;s lrjkq ,nhs' fuz mjqr nsZo
oefukqfha jv jvd;a jOkh lr.kq ,enQ fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.sks' lsishuz mqoa.,fhl` b;d fydZo
iudcYS,s osjs fmfj;la .; lrkq ,nkafka tu mqoa.,hdf.a isf;ys wd;audrA:lduS is;sjs,s
fkdue;s jk ;rug fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh jS we;s jsg muKs'
fu;a;d ixl,amh mqoa.,fhl` iudc cSjs;h hym;aj .; lsrSu msKsi
fmd<njk yqre lrjk ixl,amhls' fiiq idrOrAu w;rska fu;a;d ixl,amhg iqjsfYaIs
ia:dkhla jeo.;alula ,efnkafka fiiq idrOrAu wrA:j;a jkafka fu;a;d ixl,am mqoa., uki
;`< l@shdldrS jkafka kuz muKla nejsks' mrs;Hd.h .;fyd;a fjkhuz flfkl`yg hula
205

18. mrs;Hd. lsrSfuz is;la bmfokafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys n,mEu ksidh' wkHhkag Wmldr lsrSu
msKsi lsishuz mqoa.,fhl` fm<fnkafka tu mqoa.,hdf.a isf;ys wkHhka ms<snZo us;@YS,S wdl,am
we;s nejsks' fuz fya;`j ksid idrOrAu isf;ys yg.ekajSug fu;a;d ixl,amfhys l@shdldrSFjh
b;du;a il@Sh f,i wjYHfjz'tmuKla fkdj fuf,i fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;a kej; kej;;a
frdamKhjSug mjd iduQysl meje;au fya;`jk nj meyeos,sj oelajsh yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amh
iudc cSjs;fhysoS;a mqoa.,sl cSjs;fhys oS;a tl yd iudkj mqoa.,hdyg jeo.;a jkafka ukaoehs
fidhd ne,Sfuz oS th ;ud yd fiiq wh w;r we;s tla;rd wdldrhl iduQysl .sjsiqula jeks
fohla nj fmkS hhs' isf;a uD|= jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkhjSu ksid nj tys wdNdihg
,la jQ mqoa.,hdg jegyS hd yelsh' i;Hh jYfhka thg fya;`j iudch yd mqoa.,hd w;r fmd|=
tlZ.Fjhla we;sjSuhs'fuz us;@Fjh u; idOkSh udkisl iuznJO;d f.dvkZ.d.ekSug usksiqka
fndfyda|=rg W;aiqlfjz'68fuu udkisl iuznJO;d yg.efkkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul
jk fudfydf;ys oS jsjsO mqoa.,hskaf.a udkisl iajNdjh flfrys fu;a;d ixl,amh n,mEu
ksidh'tysoS udkisl miqnsu lsishuz tlZ.Fjhlg meusKSu is|=fjz'fuz ksid we;sjk us;@YS,S
wdl,am" us;@YS,S yeZ.Suz yd us;@YS,S prAhd ksid iEu mqoa.,fhl`gu ;ud yd ndysr wh hkqfjka
iSud lr olajk nj us:Hdjla nj jegfya' fuf,i is;ska f.dvkZ.d ;sfnk ndysr f,dalh ms<snZo
udkisl mjqr us;Hdjla nj jegfykakg mgka .kS' us;@YS,S wdl,amj,ska iukajs; udkj iudch
jqj o fnod fjkafldg ie,lSu neyeroud iudc talSh;ajh iqrlaIs; lr.kS' fuh iudc
taldnoaO;djfhys wdruzNl wjia:dj jYfhka o yZ|=kajd osh yelsh'fujka iudc taldnoaO;dj
uZ.ska ukd uki YsCIKh lr.kq ,nk udkj lKavdhula l@shd;auljkafka o yqfola flaj,
jYfhka fkdfjz' fmd|= iduQysl yeZ.Sfuka iukajs; udkj iudchla jYfhks'69 i;H jYfhkau
iudc talShFjfhys yd iduQysl pska;kfhys uQ,sl moku fu;a;d ixl,amhhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh
mqoa., ps;a; wNHka;rhg m@fjzYj tys ;ekam;aj mqoa., l@shdldrSFjh iudc iuznJO;d
uekjska yiqrjkq ,nhs'iudc inZo;d idrA:ljSu uZ.ska fu;a;d ixl,amfha l@shdldrSFjhg iudc
foayh k;`fjz' mqoa., l@shdldrSjfhys yd iudc ls@hdldrSFjfhys tald;ausljSu ke;fyd;a tlajSu
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys Wmrsu iudc M,h fia iudc jsoHdZ{hska jsiska yZ|=kdf.k ;sfnz'
usksid iajNdjfhkau iudcSh iFjfhls' iudc cSjs;hg iy iudcYS,SNdjhg
Wm;skau usksid ,eoshdj olajkafkls' th Tyqqf.a iychhs' huz flfkl` wmrdOhla l< jsg kS;s
bosrsfhys jrolrefjl` jk nj Tmamq jQ jsg ta iZoyd ,ndfok oZvqju isr.; lsrSu jkafka kuz
Tyq isr.; lrkq ,nhs'fuysoS is|=lrk l@shdj,sfha moku kuz Tyqg ,ndfok oZvqju f,i lsishuz
ksYaps; ld,iSudjla olajd udkj iudcfhka fjkafldg ;enSuhs' cSjs;dka;h olajd jQ isr
oZvqjula kuz ta jrolref.a cSjs;h ld,h mqrd ushhk f;lau kej; iudc weiqrlg bvlv
fkd,efnz' udkjhd iajNdjfhkau iudc i;ajfhla nejska fuh Tyqg YdrSrsl fukau udkisljo
,ndfok oKavkhla fia ie,lsh yelsh' iudc weiqrska fjkalsrSu fN#;slj fukau udkislj o
wod< mqoa.,hdg ,nd fokafka |=la fjzokd iy.; mSvkhls' fuuZ.ska Tyqg ;udf.a wjfndaO
fldgf.k bka ksjeros ms<sfj;g meusKSug wjldY ie,iSu wod< oZvqjuz ,ndoSfuz mrudrA:hhs'
206

19. jrolrej mqkre;a:dmk lsrSug yelshdjla oZvqju;`< .enzjsh hq;`h'boska usksid ;`< iudchSh
iFjfhl` jYfhka iduQyslj osjs f.jSfuz iych ke;fyd;a iycdYdj fkdue;s kuz" Tyq isr.;
fldg ;enSu uZ.ska Tyqg ovqjuz ,ndoSu f;areula fkdue;s l@shdjla njg m;a fjz' fuys iduQysl
cSjs;h hkqfjka woyia jkafka ta mqoa.,hd jvd;a oevs ldhsl yd udkisl inZo;d mj;ajk ta
iudchSh inZo;d meje;ajSfuka je<lSuhs' ta wkqj udmsh"|+ore"wUqieus"ys; us;`re"Z{d;Ska jeks
;ud jvd leu;s mqoa.,hska yd inZo;d meje;ajSu iSud lsrSu isr.; lsrSu ksid is|=fjz' ta Tyq
jvd leu;s" m@sh lrk iduQysl osjsfmfj;ska fjka lsrSu uZ.ska Tyqg ldhsl yd udkisl wmyiq
njla cks; lrjSuhs' huz fyhlska usksid iudchSh iFjfhl` fkdfjz kuz iycfhkau yqol,dj
m@sh lrkafkl` jS kuz tjsg by; olajk ,o ovqju ;j|=rg;a oKavkhla fkdj wdYsrAjdohla
njg bfnzu mrsjrA;kh fjz' ulaksido h;a iduQysl cSjs;h m@sh fkdlrkafkl`j yqol,dj ;enSu
Tyq leu;s foh lsrSula jk fyhsks' huz mqoa.,fhl` jvd leu;s foh ,ndoSu oZvqjula jkafka
ke;' oZvqjula jkafka huz mqoa.,fhl` wlue;s Tyqg fjzokdldrS jsh yels foh ,ndoSuhs' ta wkqj
usksid iduQysl cSjs;h m@sh lrk ksid tu iudc cSjs;fhka fjka lsrSu msKsi yqol,dfldg
isr.; lsrSu uZ.ska oZvqjuz ,ndfokq ,efnz' boska usksidf.a o iycdYdj wkH mqoa.,hka iu.
iyfhda.fhka iycSjkfhka iuQmldrfhka l@shdlsrSu kuz ta us;@YS,S nj we;s lsrSu msKsi lsishuz
iychla o ksrdhdifhka Tyq ;`< f.dvkeZ.S ;snsh hq;`uh' fuz iych kuz fu;a;d ixl,amhhs'
ienjskau fu;a;d ixl,amh neyerska usksia is;a i;ka ;`<g m@fjzY lr.kq ,nkakla fkdj th
ksrdhdifhkau ujzl`i ;`< oSu iycfhkau wdfjzKsfhkau usksidg o fiiq iFj jsfYaIhkag o
Wreu jkakla f,i fmkajd osh yelsh' usksid fukau fiiq iFj jsfYaIhka o iajNdjfhkau ;ksj
fyda yqol,dj yeisrSug jvd rxpq jYfhka .ejiSug jevs ukdmhla olaj;s' fuhg fya;`
jYfhka iZoyka l< yelafla Tjqkaf.a wdrlaIdjg ksrdhdifhkau Tjqka ;`< iycfhkau u;`jk
iychka f,isks' th ffcj jsoHd;aulj iFj jsfYaIhkaf.a bosrs meje;au iqrCIs; lsrSu iZoyd
ksrdhdifhkau mejf;uska tk iyc cdkuh jQ ,CIKhls' usksid o iFj jsfYaIhlg wh;a
cSjsfhl` jk nejska fuu ,CIKh usksidg o Wreuh' wE; w;S;fha isgu usksia ckdjdi uq,skau
nsys jQ od isg usksid yqre mqre|= jQfha yqol,dj cSj;ajSug fkdj iuQy jYfhka lKavdhuz
jYfhka osjs f.jSugh' ixpdrl hq.fha oS mjd usksiqka lKavdhuz jYfhka rglska rglg
m<d;lska m<d;lg iuzfm@aIKh jkakg yqre mqre|= jS isgs njg mqrd jsoHd;aul idOl wo mjd
jsoHudkh' jsfYaIfhkau f,dal YsIagdpdrfhys jsjsO ck lKavdhuz fndfyda wE; w;S;fha oS
tlu ck lKavdhulska mej; wd njg idol we;'tfia meusK jsjsO rgj, jHdma;jSfuka miqj
tlS rgj, jsjsO foaY.`Ksl rgdj,g wdfjzKsl iajNdjsl mrsir yd ixialD;sl ;;ajhkag
ukdj wkq.; jQ nj jd.a jsoHd;aul mrAfhaIK uZ.ska wkdjrKh jS ;sfnz' bka miqj Tjqka w;r
jrA;udkfhys jsoHdudk fN#;sl jsjsO;d yg.kakg we;snj udkj jsoHdZ{hska jsiska ffcj
jsoHd;aul idOl iys;j fmkajd oS we;'
YsIagdpdrfha tla;rd hq.hl oS rglska rglg ixl@uKhfjuska yqfola ixpdrl
osjshla .; lroaoS jqj;a usksiqkaf.a iduQysl yeisrSfuz iychka fkdfjkiaj mej;S ;snsKs' usksid
207

20. l@ufhka YsIagFjfhka ixjrAOkhg m;afj;au udkisl mCIfhka b;d by< nqoaOsuh mrsmdlhg
m;ajsh' ta iuZ. udkjhd ;`< mej;s iduQysl prAhd iZoyd olajk iyfhda.S;d ,laIK oshqKq
;,hlg m;ajSfuz m@jK;djhla we;sjsh'tfiau tjeks ,laIK udkj wjYH;d njg wkql@uslj
m;ajS ;snsK' udkjhd fN#;sl jYfhka ixjrAOkfha by<u ;,h lrd iuzm@dma; jS isgsh o
wfmaCIs; wdOHd;ausl ixjrAOkfha m@;sM, ;ju;a ,nd fkdisgsk nj jrA;udk udkj prAhd rgd
wOHhk lrk l, fmkS hhs' ndysrska ixjrAOkfhys m@;sM, iamrAY l< o ta yd ieifZok f,i
wfmalaId lrkq ,enQ wdOHd;ausl ksIaGdjg meusKSug mqoa.,hd wfmdfydi;ajSu ;`< iudc
foayfha wdOHd;ausl .rd jegSu uekjska ksrEmKhfjz'70 udkjhd ;`< n,mj;ajk wdOHd;ausl
;,h ls,sgs lrk huz huz OrAu;dj,g ksrdhdifhkau k;`jSu fya;`fldgf.k yd tu ;;ajj,g
Yla;su;aj uqyqK oSug ;ruz mqoa., wdOHd;auh Yla;su;a fkdjSu fya;`fldgf.k jrA;udk
iudch fjz.fhka wOHd;ausl mrsydksh lrd .uka lrk nj fmfkkakg ;sfnz'
BrAIHdj" ffjrh" fl@daOh yd m<s.ekSfuz fpz;kdj hk iDKd;aul
ixl,amhkaf.a fm<njSu ksid usksidf.a wdOHd;auh wfmaCIs; idrOrAu ksIaGdjg meusKSug
wfmdfydi;aj we;' fuz fya;`j ksid iudc ixia:d w;r wiu.sh jrAOkh fjuska mj;S'71 iudc
ixia:d tlska tl lvd jegSug mgka f.k we;' fu;a;d ixl,amh fulS wdOHd;ausl ;;ajh kZ.d
isgqjSug .; yels fydZou jsiZ|=uhs' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys .enz jkqfha mqoa., .; |=l fukau
iudc.; |=l o ix;Dma; lrk wdldrfha b;d oejeka; udkisl bys,a njls' fu;a;d ixl,amh
ish cSjs;hg <Z.d lr.ekSu uZ.ska mqoa., fm#reIFjh f.dvkZ.d .ekSug wjYH bvlv ,efnz'
tmuKla fkdj iudc.; fm#reIFjh jrAOkh lr .ekSug o fuhska wjldY ie,fia'
mqoa.,.; fukau iudc.; oshqKqj i,id .ekSu msKsi fu;a;d ixl,amfhys
odhlFjh b;d uy;ah' wkHhkaf.a oshqKqj oel th fu;a is;ska bjiSug bka ;u is;g o i;`gla
Wmojd .ekSug o wkHhka yd wkjYH f,i ;rZ.ldrS osjs fmfj;lg fkdf.dia ;ukag ;sfnk
m@udKfhka iEySulg m;a jS osjs f.jSug wjYH udkisl jd;djrKh ilia lr fokq ,nkafka
fu;a;d ixl,amhhs' w,afmapzP nj hym;a iudc inZo;d f.dvkZ.d .ekSfuzoS jeo.;ah' tfiau
iudc inZo;d mj;ajdf.k hEfuys oS mjd w,afmapzP nj w;sYhskau jeo.;ah' myiqfjka kv;a;`
l< yelsjSu w,afmapzP;dfjz iqjsfYaIS ,laIKhhs'ieye,a,q osjsfmfj;la .;lrkakd jQ mqoa.,hdg
bka w;am;a jk ldhsl yd udkisl iqjh yereKqjsg iudc jYfhka thska ,efnk iykYS,S cSjk
rgdj ;`< ;rZ.ldrS nj ksid mek kZ.sk whym;a jsIu iudc .egZMj,ska usksid uqojd ,kq
,nhs' fndfyda jsg .egZM mek kZ.skq ,nkafka;a" huz huz mSvdldrS ;;ajhkayg mqoa.,hskayg
uqyqK mEug is|= jkafka;a ;rZ.ldrS nj ksid mek kZ.sk n,h flfia w;am;a lr.kafkaoehs ta
ms<snZo we;s jkakd jQ iSudka;sl wjYH;djh usksia iudchg oefkkakgjSfuz oS yd tfia oekqkq
jqukdj u; usksiqka ;ud iuZ. isgskakd jQ wkH mqoa.,hka iuZ. lghq;` lrkakg yd jsjsO iudc
iuznJO;d meje;ajSug hdfuzoS;a h' jsfYaIfhkau iudc iuznJO;djhka meje;ajSfuz oS th ksis
whqrska j.lSulska iys;j yd jsOsu;a whqrska is|= lsrSu iudc moaO;shg wh;a iEu
208

21. mqoa.,fhl`f.au j.lSu yd hq;`lu fjz' fuu hq;`lu yd j.lSu ksis wdldrfhka bgq lsrSug kuz
iEu mqoa.,fhl`u wkH mqoa.,hka iuZ. b;du;a iyfhda.fhka iqyoYS,Sj lghq;` lsrSu
jeo.;ah' iudchla ;`< iuQmldr meje;au fydZoska is|= jkqfha us;@YS,S wdl,amj,ska huzlsis
iudc moaO;shla iukajs;j we;s jsgloSh'72 iuQmdldr meje;au kuz iduQysl osjsfmfj;hs' fuz
iudch ;`< wmf.a ffoksl osjs fmfj; ukdj mj;ajd .ekSug kuz wdydr" ksjdi" jia;@"
wdrlaIdj jeks wmf.a uQ,sl wjYH;d iuzmQrAK jsh hq;`h' fuz ishZM foau ;ks mqoa.,fhl`yg
ksmojsh fkdyel' ta ksid udkjhd l@udkQl~, f,i ixjsOdkh jS iduQysl ksIamdok l@shdj,shl
ksr;fjz' udkj iudcfha iEu wfhl`u mdfya ta iduQysl ksIamdok l@shdj,sfha fldgialrejkah'
fuu ksIamdok l@shdj,sh NdKav yd fiajd ksIamdok jYfhka jrA.SlrK fldg ;sfnz' fuz fya;`j
ksid huz mqoa.,fhl`g fuz iudch ;`< ish meje;au wLKavj mj;ajd.ekSu iZoyd ;j;a
mqoa.,fhl` u; wksjdrAhfhkau hefmkakg is|=fjz' ta hemSu iZoyd Y@ufhka fyda fjk;a l@uhlska
;fjl`lg lsishuz us<la f.jSug is|=fjz' fuz us< l@uh tu NdKav yd fiajd ksIamdok l@shdj,sh
uZ.ska ;SrKh lrkq ,efnz'flfia fyda fuz fya;`j ksid iudch ;`< usksif.a osjs fmfj; iduQysl
yd iuQmdldr meje;aula jS ;sfnz'fuz iuQmdldr meje;afuz wLKavnj yd ksrrAnqo;dj iZoyd
fu;a;d ixl,amh b;d wjYH fjz'
iudc osjsfha oS fu;a;d ixl,amfhys olakg ,efnk iqjsfYaIS;djh Tyqf.a th
ixl,amSh ;,h blaujd m@dfhda.sl ;,hg meusKSuhs' fndfyda ixl,am wdl,amuh ;,fhys oS
idrA:l jqj;a" m@fhda.sl ;,fhys oS widrA:l jkqfha tajdfhys lsis|= m@dfhda.sl iajrEmhla .enz
fkdjSu ksidhs' kuq;a fuz w;ska fu;a;d ixl,am tys wdl,amuh ;,hg yd iudkju jeo.;a
lula m@fhda.sl ;,fhys o fmkajk nejska iudc osjsfhys oS b;d iqjsYd, jeo.;a lula
Wreulr .kshs' iyfhda.S;djh yd wkHhka fj; Wmldr lsrSu iudc.; osjsfhys oS fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys m@fhda.sl mCIh f,i jsoHudk jk fohhs' fuz Tiafia iudcfhys TzkEu
mqoa.,fhl`f.a is; oskd .ekSug;a" wkHhka w;r lemS fmkSug;a" wjldY ie,fia' mQK! kuHYS,S
osjs fmfj;la .;lrk iudc fiajlfhl`g uqo,la f.jdj;a ,nd .; fkdyels m@isoaOsh yd
wkHhkaf.a is;a oskd .ekSu fuz uZ.ska ksrdhdifhka ,efnz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ksrdhdifhkau
.enz jk w;sYhskau m@fhda.sl iajNdjh th fkdfhla ldrAhhka iZoyd odhl lr.ekSfuz oS
w;sYhskau jeo.;a fjz' tfukau jsjsOdldrfha mqoa.,hka wjk; lr.ekSfuz uy;a n,hla o
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wka;rA.; fjz' idudkHfhka iudc ixia:djkays fukau iudch ;`<
l@shd;aul jkakd jQ l`vd iuQy jk wdh;k yd mqoa., lKavdhuz ;`< iuZ.sh yd l@shdldrSFjh
jrAOkh lsrSu wrnhd o fu;a;d ixl,amh fnfyjska Ndjs;d lrkq ,nhs' l<uKdlrk
fCIa;@fhys oS fndfyda jsg jsjsO jD;a;slhka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys w.h olshs' mqoa.,hka Tjqkaf.a
oCI;dj,g wkq.; jk mrsos jsjsO ldrAhhkays ksr; lrjSu ioyd;a" Tjqkaj ukdj yeisrjSu
msKsi;a jrA;udkfhys fu;a;d ixl,amh l<uKdlrk l@shdj<sh idrA:lj yiqrjd,Su iZoyd
odhl lr .kshs'
209

22. mqrdKfhys f.@da;sl iudc nsysj ;snq hq.fhys mgka kQ;kfhys iduQysl cSjk
rgdj olajd iEu ukqIHfhl`f.au ffoksl osjs fmfj; yd fu;a;d ixl,amh b;du;au mq|=udldr
f,iska yd jsYajikShFjhlska neZoS we;' tl w;lska th idudkH ukqIH iajNdjh blaujd
foajFjh lrd md ;nk ysksuZ.la jeksh' fN#;sl oshqKq jk ;rugu usksid wNHka;rfhka rZM
fkdjkafka kuz fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska fcj jsoHd;aulj ksrdhdifhka Tyqf.a yoj; mqnq|=
lrjk ukqIHFjfhys mdvu ijka fkdoS isgSug Tyqg lsis|= wjldYhla uska fkdie,fia' neyerska
,efnk iudc iuzmrAlh ksid u;`jk wd.ka;`l ixl,amj,ska usksia uki ls,sgs fkdjkakg
usksia ukfiys h:drA:h mru mjs;@ jQ fu;a;d ixl,amhhs' fuhg fydZou ksoiqkla kuz l`vd
jsfhys bkakd <orejdhs' <orejkaf.a is;a ixfjzoS nejska yd jevsysgs is;a ;ruz wmjs;@ jS fkdue;s
nejska <orejkaf.a f,dalh jevsysgshkaf.a f,dalh ;ruz oafjzIfhka msrS fkd mj;shs'
jsfYaIfhkau l`vd orejka b;du;a us;@YS,S nj fmfkkakg ;sfnz' th jevsysgshka mjd
,ecAcdfjka yl`ZMjk iqZMh' wOHdmk jsoHdfjz mqfrda.dushka m@lg wOHdmkZ{hska mjd mjid
we;af;a jevysgshka jQ wmg l`vd orejkaf.ka bf.k .; yels jgskd mdvuz mj;sk njhs' ,ud
f,dj jevsysgs f,djg jvd iqkaor jkafka tys oafjzIh" fl@daOh yd m<s.ekSfuz fpz;kdj fkdue;s
nejsks' wjdikdj jkqfha l@u l@ufhka <orejd jshm;a jS jevsysgs f,djg mshjr ;n;au" jevsysgs
f,dalfhys ffkirA.sl .;s ,CIK f,iska yZ|=kd .kakd ,o oafjzI" fl@daO yd jsysxid
ixl,amj,g yqremqre|= j Tyq o iDKd;aul is;sjs,sj, fldaIaGd.drhla njg mrsjrA;kh jSuh'
lsis|= fya;`jla ksid iudc osjsfhys oS fu;a;d ixl,amhg jvd oafjzIh" fl@daOh yd jsysxidj
jsoHd;aul pska;kh wkqj w;am;a lr.kafka b;du;au my< pska;duh yd udkisl ia:rhls' tlS
wdfjzokhkaf.ka uqim;aj is|=lrkq ,nk l@shdjka we;euzjsgl oS pdrs;@ jdrs;@" idrOrAu"
wdpdrOrAu yd iodpdrd;aul fkdjkakd jQ l@shdjl iajrEmh blaujd f.dia wmrdOhla kdufhka
.efkk nrm;, is|=jSuz olajd .uka lrjk ;rug tys m@;sjsmdl nsysiqKqh' fujka nsysiqKq
is|=jSuz ksrka;rfhka isrs;la f,i is|=jk iudc ugzgul jrA;udkfhys usksia iudch miqjSu
;`< jrA;udkfhys iudc iuznJO;dj, iajrEmh fl;ruz msrsyS f.dia we;aoehs hkak fijSug
fuhg jvd fydZo ksrAKdhlhla ;j;a fkdue;s ;ruzh' oshqKq hehs wmg fkdfhla jr weZ.s,af,ka
wek ;ukaf.a ndysr ixjrAOkh usksia YsIagdpdrfhys m@drm@dma; oshqKqj f,i yd tlu
ksrAKdhlh jYfhka yqjd olajk fN#;sl jYfhka oshqKq rgj,ska jdrA;djk tnZ|= wmrdO yd
is|=jSuz foi wjOdkh fhduq lrk jsg ienjskau Tjqka jsiska wmyg fmkajd fokq ,nk oshqKqj
mj;akafka ld iZoyd o hk meKh ksrdhdifhkau keZ.sug wmg is|= fjz' usksia iudch Wkqka yd
.kqfokq lrk iajrEmh fuz id my;a ugzgulg jegS we;akuz ksrka;rfhkau ;srsika.;
iFjhkaf.a yeisrSuz isyshg kxjhs kuz ienjskau fN#;sl oshqfjys we;s m@;sM,h wod< lr.kq
,nkafka ljqreka jsiska l`ula iZoyd oehs hk .egZMj kej; kej;;a meK kZ.shs' usksidf.a
oshqKqj usksid iZoydu kuz ukqIHFjhg tfrysj hkakd jQ fujka ieyeis yd nrm;, ysxidldrS
;;ajhla mek fkdkZ.skq we;' usksiqka tlsfkld flfrys ksrdhdifhkau yg.kakd jQ
us;@YS,SFjh mdol fldg.;a fu;a;d ixl,amfhka hqla;j jdih lrkq we;' kuq;a ksrAKdlh
f,i Ndjs;d lrkq ,nk rgj, iudc w.h fufia kuz tu iudc moaO;Ska ;`< fu;a;d
210

23. ixl,amh mj;S fyda fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul jsug iq|=iq mrsirhla iliaj we;soehs jgyd
.ekSug wiSre fkdfjz' tnejska fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul fkdjkakd fyda l@shd;auljSfuz wjYH
bvlv uqZMukskau weysrekd jQ ffjrfhka fl@daOfhka |+Is;j .sh iudchla ixjrAOkh uek
ne,Sfuz tlu ksrAKdhlh f,i Ndjs;d lsrSu b;du;au wufkda{ jQjla nj jegyS hhs'
iudcfhys hy meje;au iZoyd usksia ufkda uQ,hka b;du;au ishquzj .fjzIKh
lsrSfuz oS usksid i;` iychla jk fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iudc .;s ,CIK ms<snZoj wjOdkh
fhduq lsrSu jeo.;a f,i fmfka' fu;a;d ixl,amh wdl,amhla jYfhka o wdfjzokhla jYfhka o
prAhd rgdjla jYfhka o f.k lreKq js.@y lsrSu wOHdmk jsoHdZ{hska jsiska ksrka;rfhka
is|=lrk l@shd mgsmdgshls' wOHdmk ufkdajsoHd oDIags fldaKfhka jsYaf,aIKh lrk jsg" mqoa.,
prAhd uZ.ska m@lg flfrkakd jQ usksia .;s ,CIK ms<snZo t<fUkq ,nk ksrSlaIK yd ks.uk
wkd.; ie,iquz ilia lsrSu wrnhd jeo.;afjz' wOHdmk" wOHhk ldrAhNdrh idrA:l lr.;
yels wkaofuz hym;a Okd;aul l@ufjzohka ms<snZo ie,iquz iuzmdokh lsrSu msKsi tnZ|= wOHdmk
ufkdajsoHd oDIagsfldaK wkqj is|=lrkq ,nk js.@y b;d jeo.;a nj wOHdmk{hskaf.a yeZ.Suhs'
fuuZ.ska wOHdmk ldrAhNdrh b;du idrA:l f,i udkj iudc.; l<yels hehs wOHdmkZ{fhda
l,amkd lr;s' ck ikaksfjzokh uZ.ska is|= flfrkakd jQ f;dr;`re iuzmdok ldrAhfhys oS mjd
buy;a fia bjy,a lr.; yels uQf,damdhhka wOHdmk ufkdajsoHd isoaOdka;hkays wka;rA.;h'
jsjsO ldrAhhkaj, oS wjYH jk f;dr;`re iuzmdok ldrAhh kQ;kfha yeZoskafjkqfha f;dr;`re
;dlaIKh hk kusks' thg fya;` jS we;af;a jrA;udk oshqKq ;dlaIsKl fuj,uz imsrs f,dj ;`<
f;dr;`re ikaksfjzokh iZoyd iduzm@odhsl fuj,uz f,i Ndjs;d jQ uq|@s; udOH wnsnjd jsoH=;a yd
kQ;k ;dlaIKsl ck ikaksfjzok udOH fmruqK .ekSug iu;ajSuhs' fuz hgf;a mrs.Klh yd
wka;rAcd,h jvd;a bosrsfhka isgS' kQ;k iudcfha b;du;a n,.;` iudc wjsh njg f;dr;`re
;dlaIKh m;aj we;af;a f,dj mqrd ta iZoyd oevs b,a,qula ksrAudKh jS we;s fyhsks' wo
f;dr;`re ;dlaIKh f.da,Sh OkjdoS wdrA:slh ;`< jsYajh tlu .uzudkhla lsrSfuz,d b;d mqZM,a
fufyhla bgqlrkq ,nk jsIhla njg m;aj we;af;a tys .enzjk ld,Sk yd laIKsl ikaksfjzok
ldrAhNdrh ksidh' hf:dla; ldrAhfhys ksr;`re fhoS isgsk ck udOHfjzoSka ish ldrAhNdrh
uekjska yiqrjd,Su msKsi fnfyjska bjy,a lr.kq ,nkqfha fujeks wOHdmk ufkda jsoHd
isoaOdka; ;`< wka;rA.; ld,Sk jeo.;alula .kakd lreKqh' tfukau Tjqkayg tys we;s
jeo.;alu o wjsjdos;h' iudch ;`< fjfikakd jQ wkH mqoa.,hka iuZ. kssr;`re ixjdohg yd
f;dr;`re yqjudrej msKsi mQrAj iQodkula jYfhka Tjqkaf.a prAhd rgd wOHhkh lsrSu
myiqjls'th ck ikaksfjzok l@shdj,sh idrA:l lr.ekSug mQrAj iQodkula jYfhka jeo.;ah'73
tfukau ck ikaksfjzokh o jsoHd;aul mokula u; f.dvkeZ.S we;s jsoHdkQl~, jsIhhls'tnejska
jsoHd;aul jsOsl@uhkag wkql~,j mqoa.,dka;r ikaksfjzokh idrA:lj is|=l< yelsjsh hq;`h'
mqoa., lKavdhuz us;@YS,s wdl,amj,ska iukajs; jQ l< ikaksfjzok l@shdj,sh idrA:l lr.;
yelsnj fuys iZoyka tla uQ,OrAuhls'74 jsjsO iudc ;;a;aj hgf;a usksiqka inZo;d w;r lsishuz
|=ria;r njla ;ndf.k hym;a ikaksfjzolfhl` jsh fkdyel'tfiau udkj inZo;dj,ska
211

24. oqriajSfuka yDohdx.u f,i ck ikaksfjzok l@shdj,sfha ksr;jsh fkdyelsh' yels;dla usksiqka
fj; iuSm jQ ;rug ck ikaksfjzok ldrAhNdrh jvd;a iM,odhl yd idrA:l fohla njg m;a
lr.; yelsh hkak fuhska lshfjz'75
usksiqka yd Tjqkaf.a weoys,s yd jsYajdi ms<snZo wOHhkhkays oS ixikaokd;aul
js.@yhka b;d jeo.;afjz' jsfYaIfhkau ;`,kd;aul ixialD;sl wOHhkhkays oS udkj inZo;d
jvd oevs lrk iudc ue,shula f,i o fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d fjz' tnejska mqoa.,hka w;r
iqyonj jrAOkh lsrSfuys ,d fu;a;d ixl,amh is|= lrkakd jQ fufyh ms<snZoj jspdr mQrAjl
wjOdkh fhduq lsrSu w;sYhskau jeo.;ah' udkj ps;a; wNHka;rfha ksokaj we;s udkqIsl
yeZ.Suzj,g fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wkqn,h ,enSu ksid mqoa.,fhla ;j;a mqoa.,fhl`g fyda mqoa.,
fldgzGdYhlg wdlrAYkh fjz' fuh isoaOdka;hla jYfhka i;Hjk lreKls' m@fhda.slj
ksrSCIKh fldg ne,Q l, o by; lS ks.ukh yd tlZ.jSug wjldY ie,fikq we;'
jrA;udkfhys fukau udkj YsIagdpdrfhys b;d we; hq.j, oS mjd udkj prAhdj fu;a;d
ixl,amh weiqrska fmdaIK jQ njg jsjsO mqrd jsoHd;aul idOl yuqjS we;' b;d we; w;S;fha oS
f.da;@sl iudc i;`j mej;s jsjsO wd.usl ixfla; uZ.ska tlS f.da;@j, ishZMu idudcslhka tlg
neZo ;nd .kakd ,oS' ta iZoyd tla tla f.da;@fhys idudcslhka w;r taldnoaO;djh uekjska
mj;ajd .ekSu msKsi ta tla tla f.da;@hgu wkHkH jqKq wd.usl ixfla;hka" foaj ixl,amhka
yd wNspdr jsOSka ksrAudKh jsh' fu;a;d ixl,amh yd iuznJO wd.usl woyia iy wNspdr jsOSka
wdruzN jQfha;a" l@udkQl~,j jrAOkh jkakg jQfha;a" tla tla mqoa.,hd w;r mej;sh hq;` jQ
iudc iuznJO;dfjz udkqIsl iajrEmh yd wksjdrAhh;djh wE; w;S;fhys jsiQ usksia iudch
mjd ms<sf.k ;snQ nejsks' jrA;udkfhys iudch Tjqka jsiska w;am;a lr.kakd ,o fN#;sl
oshqKqjg idfmaCIlj bosrshg hd hq;` jqj;a" uq,a hq.fhys mej;s iudc iuznJO;d mjd
jrA;udk hq.h jk jsg msrsyS f.dia" nsZo jegS we;af;a wiSus;j kQ;k usksid fm<fUk fl@daOh yd
oafjzIh hk Ndjd;aul ixl,amhkays wdNdihg k;`jSu ksidh'
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iudc Ndjs;dfjz we;s wfkla wka;h jkqfha usksia iudch
ksrdhdifhkau iyfhda.S iuznJO;djhka mj;ajkafka kuz Tjqka w;r iudc iuznJOdjhka
ms<snZo jQ .egZM wju kuz tlS iudcfhys jdih lrkakd jQ mqoa.,hka o ksrdhdifhkau fu;a;d
ixl,amh Tiafia iajlSh pska;kh fufyhjSug W;aiy lrkqfha ish iudc iuznJO;djhka
uekjska mj;ajd .ekSu flfrys Tjqka olajk repsh ksidh' tfukau iudc iuznJO;djhkag tla
jk kj idudcslhka o ish merKs idudcslhkaj wkq.ukh lruska ;uka jsiska o fu;a;d
ixl,amh uekjska Ndjs;d lsrSug fydZoska yqre mqre|= fjz' kuq;a fulS lreK jrA;udkfhys oS ta
wdldrfhau l@shd;aul fkdfjz' ta fjkqjg mqoa.,hd bosrsfhys we;af;a ;ukag fkdue;s iem
jsyrK wkHhska jsiska mrsyrKh lrkq n,uska Wkqka flfrys BrAIHdj nyq, fpz;kdfjka
hqla;j iudc iuznJO;djhka f.dvkZ.d .kakd yd mj;ajkakd jQ mqoa.,hka iukajs; jQ
oaafjzIfhka |+Is; jQ fuz iudc moaO;shhs' fuz iudc moaO;shg wh;ajk iudc ixia:d iEu tllau
212

25. mdfya fuz fya;`j ksid jrA;udk hq.h jk jsg" oreKq nsZo jegsulg ,laj iudc iuznJO;d
jskdY jS f.dia we;' oshqKqfjys tlu yd wjidk ksrAKdhlh usksid jsiska w;am;a lr.kakd ,o
fN#;sl ixjrAOkh f,i ie,lSu ksid jrA;udk iduch fufia fuz wdldrfhka oreKq lvd
jegSulg yd uy;a iudc mrsydkshlg m;aj we;' ta ksid fuz iudcfhys fjfikakka osjs
f.jkqfha b;du;au oevs wiykfhka l< lsrSfuka yd |=llsks' fuz fya;`j ksid jrA;udkfhys
fndfyda fokd w;r wOsl reOsr mSvkh" oshjevshdj" ixlSrAK yDo frda." jsjsO iakdhq wdndO yd
oreKq udkisl frda. ;;ajhka jrAOkhjSfuz iuzNdjs;dj wOsl jS ;sfnz' fuz whqrska mqoa., ldhsl
yd udkisl ;;ajh msrsyS hdug fya;` jS we;af;a" oafjzI uQ,slj udkj inZo;d meje;ajSuhs'
jrA;udk hq.fhys cSj;ajk usksiqkaf.a prAhd rgdj oevs f,i jslD;s yd wiuzu; iajrEmhlg
mrsjrA;kh jSu o iqjm;a lsrSu |=Ialr jQ nshlre jsjsO frda. jHdma;shg tla fya;`jlaj we;'76
idudkHfhka usksia l@shdldrluz yeisrSuz ksrdhdifhkau md,khlska f;drj
.,dhdug wjYHlrk bvlv ie,eiajqjfyd;a" th iudkHfhka ukqIHFjh jrAOkh lrkakd jQ
osYdjg fkdj ukqIHFjfhka o my< ;srsika iFj ugzgu olajd l@shd;auljSfuz iuzNdjs;djla
jsoHudk fjz' kuq;a usksid nqoaOsuh w;ska wiia udkisl ugzgula yd oshqKq ixialD;sl mrsirhla
Wreu lr.kq ,enQ iFj fldgzGdYhls' fuz fya;`j u; usksidf.a iEu iudc iuznJO;djhlau
Tyqf.a wdOHd;ausl yd ndysr YlH;djhkag yd;amiskau ieifZok mrsoafoka f.dvkZ.d
.ekSug;a" mj;ajd .ekSug;a ksirA. l`i,;djhla usksid i;`jsh hq;`uh' fuz ksirA. l`i,;djh
udkjhd jsiska w;am;a lr.; hq;af;a md,khlska f;drj usksia wdl,am" wdfjzok yd usksia
l@shdldrluz ksoe,af,a is|= lsrsug bvoSu uZ.ska fkdj" jsOsu;a ixhuhla" md,khla iys;j
ld,hla uqZM,af,a yqre mqre|= lrjSu uZ.sks' udkj pska;kh" udkj ffp;isl ugzgu huz
;;ajhlg ixjrAOkh lsrSug kuz m<uqj is;g ksrka;rfhka wiSus;j .,d tk is;sjs,s flfrys
usksid ksrka;rfhka wjOsfhka yd isysfhka hqla;j lghq;` lsrSug yqre mqre|= jS isgsh hq;`h'
tjsg mqo.,dka;r iuznJO;d f.dvkZ.d .ekSfuz oS yd mj;ajdf.k hEfuz oS tla tla
mqoa.,hdf.a ffp;isl ugzguz yd mqoa., fjzu;a;;djhg wkql~,jk mrsoafoka jrska jr iudc
iuznJO;d mj;ajkakd jQ rgdfjys iajrEmh jsp,kh lsrSu uZ.ska tys ukd meje;au iqrCIs; yd
ia:sridr njg m;a l< yelsh'77 fndfydajsg jkafka" fjkia jkakd jQ iudc miq;,h fya;`fldg
f.k mqoa.,hka ;`< iajNdjfhka mj;sk jsp,khjSug olajk wlue;s iajrEmh ksidu
fjkiajk iudc ;;ajh flfrys is; ;`< oafjzIhla Wmojdf.k ta wkqj lghq;` lsrSug
mqoa.,hd fm<nSuhs' tjsg mqoa.,hka jsiska f.dvkZ.d .kakd yd mj;ajkakd jQ iudc
iuznJO;djhka idrA:ljSug we;s bvlv wju fjz'
idrA:l iudc iuznJO;djhla iZoyd w;HdjYHu idOlh kuz yels;dla bjiSu
;ud ;`< .`K OrAuhla f,i jrAOkh lr .ekSug;a" us;@YS,S wdl,amj,ska hqla;j wkHhka iuZ.
lghq;` lsrSug yqre mqre|= jSu;a fjz' iudc iuznJO;d meje;ajSfuz oS yd kj iudc iuznJO;d
f.dvkZ.d .ekSfuz oS wkH mqoa.,hka ienjskau wfmaCId lrkqfha ;uka mj;ajkakd jQ fyda
213

26. f.dvkZ.d .kakd jQ iudc iuznJO;djhka ;`<ska m<uq fldgu ;uka ;Dma;su;ajSu yd ;ukaf.a
wjYH;djhka tuZ.ska imqrd .ekSuhs' tfia ;Dma;su;ajSu yd wjYH;djhka imqrd .ekSu ishZM
fokdf.au wruqK kuz ishZM fokdu tl f,iskau tls wruqK YdlaId;a lr.ekSu iZoyd
ffOrAhhu;aj ls@hdlrkafka kuz ishZM fokdgu ;uka n,dfmdfrd;a;`jk wruqK jk wd;au
;Dma;sh yd wjYH;djhka bgqjSu hk lreKq iuzmQrAK lr.ekSfuz wjYH bvlv tuZ.ska
,nd.; yelsjkq we;' kuq;a ienjskau wm cSj;ajk ienE iudcfhys iajrEmh t;ruz idOdrK
idulduS yd h:drA:jdoS fohla fkdfjz' wixjsOs; iudc iuznJO;djhkaf.ka fyns fnfyjska
w;Dma;sfhka l,af.jk mqoa.,hka nyq, ixlSrAK iudchla wm yuqfjz we;' ;uka
n,dfmdfrd;a;` jkakd jQ ienE iekiSu yd ;Dma;sh ienjskau <Z.d lr .ekSug fndfyda
fofkl`g fyda gsl fofkl`g wjxlju wjYH jqj;a" iEu flfkl` ygu ta wjYH;djh ta
wdldrfhkau ienjskau we;ehs wmg iy;sl jsh fkdyelsh' wmg ksrAjHdcj wjxlju mejiSug
yels jkafka ta iZoyd wm;a huz muKl wjxl odhlFjhla Wmrsufhka oelajQjd hk ldrKh
muKs' tfia kuz fiiq ish,a, ffojh u;g nerlr tys wjidk m@;sM,h brKug mjrd ksyZvj
isgSu jsoHd;aul pska;khg mgyeksh' iudc iuznJO;djhkays h:d iajrEmh fijSu ffojhg
ndr lrkjd kuz tys kshu ijrEmh jsoHd;aul miqnsulska fy<slr .ekSu iZoyd wjYH bvlv
weysrS hkq we;' kuq;a tf,i lsrSfuz wjYH;djhla ienjskau we;s fkdfjz' kshu iudc
iuznJO;djhkays iajrEmh jsoHd;aul pska;kh uZ.ska myod .; yelsh' jsoHd;au; pska;kfhys
Wmfhda.S;djh jkqfhao fuys oS iudc iuznJO;djhka ksis wdldrfhka jsurAYkhkag yiqlr
.ekSu msKsi iyh jSuhs' iudc iuznJO;djhkays meyeos,sj olakg ,efnk Okd;aul
jsmrAhdihka yg.efkkqfha th jvdla udkqIsluh uqyqKqjrlska hqla;j mj;sk l,h' iudc
iuznJO;djhka udkqIsluh jYfhka usksia iudch ;`< fjfikakd jQ iEu mqoa.,fhl`ygu
pska;kuh m@fndaOh is;g tla lrhs' fulS pska;kuh m@fndaOh fifkyi" f.#rjh" us;@YS,S
iajNdjh" mfrdamldrh iy iyfhda.h jeks fmd|= nj .enzjqkq yeZ.Suz mdol lrf.k is|=lrkq
,nkakd jQ prAhd ,CIK uZ.ska neyerska jsoHdudk fjz' jsoHd;aul pska;kh Tiafia iudc
moaO;shla js.@yfldg tys iuznJO;djhka w;r mj;akd udkqIsl uqyqKqjr fy<s fmfy<s lr
.; yelsh' udkqIsl yeZ.Suz jrAOkh jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdNdih ,enSu ksidh'
idudkHfhka ps;a;fjz.sl yeZ.Sula fyda Ndjd;aul mCIfhys hulg wh;a jk
ixl,am jsYaf,aIKh lr jsjrKh lsrSu msKsi lsishuz jsoHdkQl~, jsOsl@uhla Ndjs;d l<
fkdyel' ufkda jsoHdfjzoS huz huz udkisl .;s ,CIK js.@y lr jsYaf,aIKh fldg oelajSu
msKsi bjy,a lr.kq ,nkakd jQ l@ufjzohla f,i wod< ixl,amh we;s mqoa.,hdf.a iudc
l@shdldrSFjh ndysrska ksrSCIKh lr ta wkqj jsjsO ks.ukhkaj,g t<USfuz yelshdjla mj;S'
fuu l@ufjzoh idudkHfhka wrA: olajkq ,nkafka prAhdjdoh jYfhks' ufkda jsoHdfjz jsjsO
isoaOdka; yd uQ,OrAu f.dvkeZ.S we;af;a udkj prAhd jsjsO wdldrfhka ksrSCIKh lsrSu uZ.sks'
fuys we;euz isoaOdka; iFj prAhdj ksrSlaIKh lsrSfuka o we;euz isoaOdka; usksia prAhd
ksrSlaIKh lsrSfuka o f.dvkeZ.S we;' mqoa.,.; prAhdj iduQysl prAhdjg n,mdkq ,nkafka
214

27. fldhs wdldrfhkaoehs jsjsO mrAfhaIK uy;a rdYshla mqoa., lKavdhuz jsYd, m@udKhla
Ndjs;d lsrSu uZ.ska ksrSCIKh fldg we;' tfiau lKavdhuz prAhdjka mqoa.,.; prAhdj
flfrys we;s lrjk n,mEu o fuysoS wjOdkhg ,lalr ;sfnz' mqoa.,hd yd lKavdhuz flfrys
n,mdk mrsir jeks fjk;a idOl flfrys o fuysoS ie,ls,a, fhduq jS ;sfnz' lsishuz iudc
moaO;shla ;`< o ta iudc moaO;sh ;`< fjfik udkjhkaf.a udkj l@shdldrSFjh yd Tjqka jsiska
f.dv kZ.d .kakd jsjsO iudc iuznJO;djhkaj, iajrEmh jsOsu;aj jsYaf,aIKh lsrsu iZoyd
Ndjs;d lrkq ,nk fuj,u f,i usksia udkisl l@shdldrSFjh msg;g fmkajk tlu iajrEmh
jk ndysr prAhdjka oelajsh yelsh' fuu ndysr prAhdjka ksrSCIKh lsrSfuzoS meyeos,ju fy<s
jQ b;du;a jeo.;a lreKla jkqfha tlsfkld fj; ;oska wdldrAYKh jqKq tfiau b;d
iyfhda.fhka osjs fmfj;la .; lrkq ,nk udkj lKavhuz ;`< jsjsO m@;sjsfrdaOdjhka
w,amjsu fya;`fldgf.k Tjqka w;r mq|=udldr iuZ.shla ;snqKq nj yd tlS iuZ.sh
fya;`fldgf.k tu iudc iuznJO;djhkaj, iajrEmh o jvd;a hym;a yd idulduS ksrrAnqo
tlla jQ njhs' fuz wkqj tlS iudc moaO;sh ;`< fjfikakd jQ udkjhska Tjqfkdjqka tlsfkldg
m@;s Wmldr lr.ksuska yels;dla wrAnqoj,ska jshqla;j osjs f.jhso tu iudch fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys wdNdih ,nd we;ehs ks.ukh l< yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amh kshudldrfhka
l@shd;aul jkakd jQ iudch ika;Dma; iudchla jYfhka yZ|=kajdoSug o yelsh'78 th wdrA:sl
jsoHd kHdhkag wkql~,j yqfola NdKav yd fiajd mrsfNdackh uZ.ska ,efnk ndysr ika;Dma;shg
jvd oshqKq wNHka;r.; ix;Dma;shls' fuu ix;Dma;sh Wmfhda.S;djh jYfhka wdrA:sl jsoHdj
;`< wrA: olajkq ,efnz' flf;la wOsl;r iqL jsyrK f.kk NdKav yd fiajdjla jqj;a os.ska
os.gu mrsfNdackh lsrSu ;`<ska usksidg ;j |=rg;a we;sjkqfha iqLhla fkdj lsishuz tmd jSuls'
l<lsrSuls' fuh l@udkQl~,j we;sjkakla jk w;r fuys wdrA:sl jsoHdfjz ySkjk Wmfhda.S;djh
f,i js.@ylr olajhs' nq|=iuh ;`< |=lL ,CIKh f,i oelafjkqfhao flf;la wOsl;r iqL
jsyrKhla mjd os.ska os.g jskaokh lsrSfuzoS thska l<lsrSug m;ajk iajNdjhhs' wiykldrS
;;ajhhs' usksid NdKav yd fiajd mrsfNdackh lsrSfuka ,nkqfha o wjidk js.@yfha os udkisl
i;`gu jk nejska iDcqju udkisl i;`gla ix;Dma;shla NdKav yd fiajd mrsfNdackhlska
f;drj ,nd.; yels kuz iajNdjfhka f,dalfhys wdrA:sl NdKav yd fiajdjkaf.a ysZ.lu yd ta
ysZ.;djh ksidu tajd Wkqka w;r ;rZ.ldrS f,i w;am;a lr.ekSfuz wjYH;djh ksid yg.kq
,nkakd jQ w;Dma;slr wdYdjkaf.ka .yk jrA;udk iudchg fuuZ.ska ,nd.; yels udkisl
iykh wus, fohla jkq we;'79
usksiqka fndfyda jsg iudc iuznJO;d f.dvkZ.d .ekSfuz oS Tjqkaf.a fm#oa.,sl
reps wrepsluz yd wdfjzKsl usksia .;s iajNdjhka wkqj tajdg wkq.; jk mrsos" lghq;` lsrSug
jevs keUqrejla olajk nj fkdfhla jsg ksrSCIKhg yiqj we;s ;j;a lreKls' fuysos ;u
;ukaf.a wdfjzKsl iajNdjhkag wkql~,jsu iZoyd orK ,o m@h;akhkays oS Tjqka jsiska
f.dvkZ.d .kakd ,o fyda f.dvkZ.d .ekSug huzlsis m@h;akhla orK ,o iudc
iuznJO;djhla fj;akuz tu iudc iuznJO;djhkays iajrEmh o jsOsu;a ;,fha isg wjsOsu;a
215

28. ;,hg ixl@uKh fjz' fndfyda jsg w;S; ld,hg jvd jrA;udkfhys iudc iuznJO;djj,
jsOsu;anj wju w.hla f.k we;snj olakg ,efnz' iudc wkqjrA;kfha oS mqoa., prAhd woyia yd
iyc wdfjzKsl iajNdjhka o jsoHudk jQfha ixlSrAK ;;ajfhks' tjsg iudcfhys fjfikakd jQ
usksiqka w;r mj;akd jQ mqoa., prAhdfjz iajrEmh o jsmrs;j f.dia wjsOsu;a iajrEmhlg m;aj
we;' we;euzjsg jsOsu;a iuznJO;d meje;ajSug jvd;a repshla olajkakd jQ mqoa.,hka yd mqoa.,
lKavdhuz fuz fya;`fjka oevs wiSre;djhlg o uqyqK meug is|= fjz' wjsOsu;a iuznJO;djhka
mjka;d jQ mqoa.,hkaf.a prAhdj w;r lsishuz .egSula iudc moaO;shla ;`< oS is|=jk nejska
iudch o fjz.fhka ;j ;j;a jsmrAhdihkag ,lafjz' fuz .egqu iodld,sl yd wksjdrAh .egquls'
mrsKdukh jSu hkqfjka wm yZ|=kajk iudc jsldYh is|=jSug fndfyda |=rg fun|= iudc .egSuz
uQ,slfjz' we; w;S;fha oS ;snQ iudch yd jrA;udk iudch w;r wo mj;sk jsYd, fjki
ksrAudKh jS ;sfnkqfha fulS iudc .egSuzj, m@;sM,hla jYfhka hehs fmkajd osh yelsh' jsjsO
u;jdo w;r is|= jk fujeks .egSuz iudcfha jsldYhg Wojzjla usi ydkshla we;s fkdlrhs'
tfy;a iudcfhys fjfikakd jQ fndfyda fofkla jsfYaIfhkau jevsuyZM mrmqr is;kqfha fuhska
iudch jskdYhg m;ajk njhs' iudch |+IKhg m;ajk njhs' fuf,i iudc .egSuz uZ.ska
is|=jk w;`re jsmdl w;r fydZo jsmdl fukau krl jsmdl o we;' tys fydZo krl uZ.yer krl
jsmdl foh muKla wjOdkh fhduq lr ta ieu jsglu iudc .egSuzj,ska iudch jskdY fj;ehs
ks.ukhlg meusKSu w;sYhska u fnd<Zo jQjls' fn#oaO ixorANh ;`< wks;H ,CIKh uZ.ska
jsYaf,aIKh lrkq ,nkafka o fulS iudc .egSuz ksid yg.efkk jsmrsKduS ;;ajhhs' tysoS
ksrka;rfhka fjkiajk nj ishZM ixialdr OrAuhkays wksjdrAh ,CIKhla nejska th ms<sf.k
ta wkqj iajlSh pska;kh ilialr .ekSu msKsi wjYHjk l@shdudrA.h meyeos,s lrfokq ,efnz'
fulS jsmrsKduS ,CIKh mqoa., ps;a; ika;dkh ;`< muKla fkdj bka neyer iudc
mrsirfhys,d o tl f,iu jeo.;a jk nj nq|=iuh wjOdrKh lrhs' iudc .egSuzj, fydZo
m@;sM, Wodlrkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh n,mEu uZ.ska jk w;r wys;lr m@;sM, Wodlrkafka
fl@daOh" ffjrh" BrAIHdj" m<s.ekSfuz fpz;kdj jeks wdl,amhkaf.a n,mEu ksidh' iudch
fjkiajk nj yd iudc .egSu iajNdjsl fohla kuz thska Wlyd.; hq;af;a fydZo m@;sM,
muKls' fuz .egSu ksid tlsfkld flfrys oafjzIh is;g we;`ZM fkdjSug kuz iudcfhys fjfik
ishZMu fokd ;`< cks; l< hq;af;a o jv jvd;a jrAOkh l< hq;af;a o fu;a;d ixl,amhhs'
fu;a;d ixl,amh ksid ;uka yd wkHhka w;r mj;skakd jQ iSudiys; wd;audrA:lduS udkisl
mjqr is;ska bj;alr oud w;sYhskau mqZM,a ukilska iudch foi n,d lghq;` lsrSug usksiqka
fm<fuz' tjsg ;Kaydj" fl@daOh" BrAIHdj" udkh m<s.ekSfuz fp;kdj usksia is;a ;`<ska ;`rkaj
f.dia iuZ.sh" us;@Fjh" iyfhda.h yd iycSjkh usksiqka ;`<g m@fjzY fjz'80
jsoHd;aul pska;kh Tiafia iudc iuznJO;d jsYaf,aIKh lsrSfuz oS uqyqK
fokakg is|=jk B<Z. .egZMj jkqfha iudc .egSuz ;`<ska we;sjk m@;sM,j, iajNdjh
ljrdldroehs ksrSCIKh lsrSuhs' jsoHd;aul pska;kh ;u pska;k l@ufjzoh f,i Ndjs;dlrkq
,nk jsoHdZ{hska jsiska fuz iZoyd meyeos,s lrfokq ,nk Wmdh udrA.h kuz kj jsIhhla Tiafia
216

29. ish pska;kh fufyhjSuhs' tu jsIhh kuz" iudchSh jsoHd flaIa;@hg wh;a jsjsO jsIhhka fjz'
iudc jsoHdj" kS;sh" wmrdO jsoHdj" wOHdmk jsoHdj" ufkda jsoHdj" udkj jsoHdj" f;dr;`re
;dlaIKh yd ck ikaksfjzoh jeks usksia l@shdldrluz ms<snZo js.@yhka jsoHd;aul pska;khg
wkqj jsYaf,aIKh fldg js.@yfldg ne,Su wruqK lruska nsys jQ jsjsO jsIhm: ish,a, iudchSh
jsoHd f,i jsoHdZ{hska jsiska wrA: olajd we;' fuz hgf;a fuys tk ljr jsIhl fyda Ydia;@Sh
YslaIK l@ufjzohla hgf;a iudch js.@y fyda jsYaf,aIKh l<;a" is|=lr n,kafka usksia
jgskdluz mdol lr.kakd ,o iudc .egSuzys w;`reM, ms<sno jsYaf,aIKhls'81 tys kHdh
isoaOdka; udkj prAhdj mdolj f.dvkeZ.S we;' ta Tiafia udkj prAhd mdol jQ iudc yeiSrSuzys
jsjsO;ajh ms<snZo ks.ukhkag meusKSu;a" udkj prAhd ms<snZo jsoHdkQl~, l@u jsYaf,aIKh;a
olakg ,efnz' ta wkqj iudch ms<snZo jsoHd;aul pska;kh mdol lrf.k jsYaf,aIKhla is|=
lrkq ,nkafka iudc jsoHdZ{hska jsisks' iudc jsoHdfjzoS Wml,amk" ksheos" iuzmrSCIK wdosh
Ndjs;d lr.ksuska is|= lrkq ,nkafka iudc jsoHd kHdh isoaOdka; weiqrska iudc l@shdldrSFjh
uekjska wOHhkh lsrSuhs' ufkda jsoHdfjys prAhdjdoh js.@y lr oelajSfuz oS usksiqkaf.a yd
i;`kaf.a ndysr prAhdrgdjka fjkiajk iajrEmh wkqj tu usksiqkaf.a yd i;`kaf.a ps;a;fjz.sl
miqnsu iliajk wdldrh lsishuz jsHd;aul l@u fjzohlg wkqj fmkajd oSu msKsi jsoHd;aul
pska;kh Ndjs;d lrkakdla fukau iudc jsoHdZ{hska jsiska lsishuz iudc moaO;shla ;`<
udkjhkaf.a yeisrSuz rgdjka wOHhkh lsrSfuz wruqKska Wps; f,i iajlSh kHdhhka" yd
isoaOdka; Ndjs;d lruska usksia prAhdjka ms<snZoj huz huz ks.ukhkag t<USu iudc jsoHd;aul
mrAfhaIKhkays ldrAhNdrh fjz' tu kHdh yd isoaOdka; uZ.ska if;HCIKh lrkq ,nkafka
usksia yeisrSuzys huz huz jsp,Hhkah' usksia yeisrSuzys wfmaCIs; ;;ajh kuz iyfhda.h yd
iuZ.shhs'82 fuh iudc iuznJO;djhkays uq,au mqrelhs' iudc taldnoaO;djh we;s jkafka
iuZ.sh yd us;@YS,S yeZ.Su uZ.ska we;s lrkq ,nk iyfhda.h lrKfldg f.kh' fuz wkqj
fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;djSfuz oS udkj prAhdj uZ.ska uefkk m@;sM,h uZ.ska iudch flfrys
fld;ruz |=rlg th Wmhqla; jS we;soehs jg.; yel' tuZ.ska usksiqka fl;ruz |=rlg fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys wdNdih ,nd ;sfnzo hkak lshfjz' jsjsO iudc ixia:d w;r idrA:l iudc inZo;d
f.dvkeZ.Sfuz ldrAhNdrfha oS fu;a;d ixl,amh iqjsYd, jeo.;alula .kakd jQ ixl,amhla nj
ta ms<snZo ,enS we;s iudc idOl uZ.ska meyeos,s fjz'83
iudc inZo;d w;r mej;sh hq;` .re;ajh" udkqIsl iajrEmh yd idOdrK;ajh
iZoyd fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdNdih fkduZoj ,efnz' iudc ixia:d w;r mej;sh hq;` jsOsu;anj
we;slrjSu msKsi fu;a;d ixl,amfha .enzjk iudc w.h nyq,j Wmfhda.Sfjz' iudc inZo;dj,
jsoHd;aul iajrEmh h:drA:jdoS f,i jsYaf,aIKh lsrSu iZoyd;a" js.@yfldg oelajSu iZoyd;a
fu;a;d ixl,amh idrA:l f,i bjy,a lrf.k we;' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys mj;skakd jQ us;@YS,S
nj iyfhda.h jeks lreKq idrA:l iudc iuznJO;djhla f.dvkeZ.Su iZoyd uy;a fia wdOdr
Wmldrj;a fjz' tfuka hym;a ps;a;fjz.sl wdl,amhka we;slr .ekSu tfiau tjeks
ps;a;fjz.hka mqoa., jYfhka iudc jYfhka M,odhsl f,i Ndjs;hg .ekSu iZoyd fu;a;d
217

30. ixl,amfhys jsoHduk Wmfhda.S;djh lsisfia;a wu;l l< fkd yel' fiiq ps;a; ixl,amhkag
idfmaCIlj fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;fha oS meyeos,sju jsoHudkjk ir< nj;a meyeos,s
l@shdldrSFjh;a mqoa., jsIu;djhlska f;drj Ndjs;fhys we;s iq.u iajNdjh;a ksid jeks
iqjsfYaI;d .Kkdjla fu;a;d ixl,amfhys jgskdlu Tmj;a lrhs' tfukau fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys wNHka;rfhys .enzjk nJOkSh iajNdjh ksidu" iudc taldnoaO;djh msKsi
uy;a fia Wmfhda.S lr.; yels m@Odku ixl,amh f,i fiiq ps;a; ixl,amhka jrAOkh
lsrSfuys,d mdol lr.ekSfuz yelshdj" fu;a;d ixl,amfhys nyq, jYfhka wka;rA.;h' usksia
pska;kh yd pska;k rgdj ilia lsrSfuz l@shdj<sfhys oS fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wka;rA.; huz huz
ixcdkk" wdfjzok yd prAhd ,CIK fiiq ps;a; ixl,amhka iuZ. b;du;a idrA:l f,i
ixfhdackh lsrSu uZ.ska jvd;a iudcdkqfhda.S ps;a; .;s iajNdjhka f.dvkxjd.; yelsh'84
iudchla ia:r .Kkla yd fCI;@ .Kklska iukajs; moaO;shls' huz iudc
moaO;shla jsjsO iudc ixia:d w;r inZo;d uy;a rdYshlska ilia jS we;' iudc inZo;d w;r
mej;sh hq;`jkqfha wd;audrA:lduS nfjka jshqla; mrdrA:lduS udkqIsl iajrEmhls' mrdrA:lduSnj
ksid iudch ;`< fjfik udkjhskag ldhsl yd udkisl jYfhka iykYS,S nj ysusfjz' kuq;a
huz fyhlska udkj iuznJO;djhkays jsYajikSh iajNdjh nsZo jegSulg ,la jqjfyd;a udkj
is;a i;kays .enzjk iykYS,S nj m,dhkq we;'oevs wd;audrA:lduS is;sjs,s j,ska usksia iudch
frda.S jSug fya;`jk uQ,sl fya;`j thhs' udkj ohdj yd udkj ys;jdoS nj /ZoS mj;skafka
w;sYhskau ixfjzoSjQ;a ysff;IS jQ;a udkj iuznJO;d moaO;shla w;frys muKs'85 tfia fkdjQ
jsgl oS tlS udkj iuznJO;djhkays iajrEmh udkqIsl nfjka jshqla; hdka;@sl l@shdldrSFjhlg
muKla iSud jkq we;'86 tjsg tu udkqIsl iuznJO;djhkays h:d iajrEmh <f;;a nj usY@ jQ
us;@YS,S wdl,am flfrka |=riaj hkq we;' kQ;k iudcfha iudc inZo;dj, udkqIsl iajrEmh
us;@YS,S wdl,am j,ska f;drjSug fya;`jo fuhhs' udkj inZo;dj, .enzjk udkqIsl iajrEmh
ms<snZo cSj jsoHd;aul me;a;la o we;' fuu cSj jsoHd;aul me;slv uZ.ska wkdjrKh jkqfha
udkj ffcj l@shdj,sfha wLKav meje;au ;yjqrejSu iZoyd udkjhdf.a ffu;@S mQrAjl meje;au
wksjdrAh wjYH;djhla njhs' fuf,dj jdih lrk iEu jrA.hlgu wh;a cSjSkaf.a cSj
jsoHd;aul ksrrAnqo wLKav meje;au rZod mj;skqfha usksid ffcj ys;jdoS nj flfrys olajk
ys;lr wdl,amh u;nj kQ;k jsoHd;aul mrAfhaIK uZ.ska ;yjqre jS ;sfnz' th ienjskau tfia
fkdjqkq l, iuia; ffcj meje;afuys iunr;djh |=re jS hhs' iuia; ffcj f,dalhg usksid
we;`ZM fjk;a cSjska fukau Ydl jrA. o wh;ah' usksidg fuz usys;,h u; ksrrAnqo meje;aula
we;sjSug kuz udkj prAhdj ffcj ys;jdoS nj flfrys fhduqjsh hq;`h' ;ud wjg mrsirfha
iu;`,s;nj msKsi olajk Okd;aul wdl,am u; cSjSkaf.a ksfrda.Snj o jrAOkh fjz'87 usksia
prAhd hdka;@sl iajrEmhg mrsjrA;khjSu l@uj;a njla rys; f,i wiSus; mrsir iuzm;a
mrsfNdackhg;a tajd |+IK lsrSug;a fya;`jls' iuia; ffcj f,dj yd mrsirh flfrys mej;sh
hq;` udkqIsl yd us;@YS,S nj jshelS hdu ksid fujeks wlghq;` iZoyd myiqfjka fm<fUz' usksid
218

31. laf,aY .skafkka oefjk jsg" isf;a wmjs;@nj wOsl jQ jsg Bg ieifZok f,i ndysr mrsirh mjd
wys;lr whqrska mrsjrA;khg ,lajk nj nq|=iufhys wjOdrKh lr ;sfnz'
we;euz ngysr jsoHd;aul yd kQ;k ;dlaIKsl wdl,am usksid we;`ZM fiiq iuia;
iFj m@cdj mrsir ys;lduSnfjka fldg is;kakg wkqn, yd osrs ,ndfohs' kuq;a nq|=oyu wkqn,
fokqfha usksid we;`ZM fiiq ffcjSkaf.ka iukajs; mrsirh flfrys ffu;@S mQrAjlj is;kakg yd
l@shdlrkakgh' mrsirh flfrys ys;lr f,i ms<smeoSu iuia; cSjfhau ys;iqj msKsi jk nj
fuys wrA:hhs' ngysr yd fmros. pska;k l@u fol w;rska jvd;a ffcj ys;jdoS nj ,nd fokafka
nq|=iuh m@uqL fmros. ixialD;sh nj fmkajd osh yelsh' fmros. ixialD;sh ;`<;a nq|=iufhys
fuu mrsirh iuznJO idlpzPd fnfyjska is|= jQ nj nqoaO foaYkd wkqj meyeos,s fjz'88 uq,a
nq|=iufhys iZoyka mrsir ys;jdoS iajrEmh nq|=iuh b;du;a iS>@fhka ixialD;sl .;jSu
flfrys ;oskau n,mdk ,o lreKls' nqoaO foaYkd ;`< ksrka;rfhkau iZoyka jkafka usksid
;uka flfrysu;a wkH cSjSka flfrys;a mrsirh flfrys;a mej;sh hq;` us;@YS,S wdl,amhhs'
udkj ys;jdoS njska hqla;j oevs us;@YS,S ms<sfj;la wkq.ukh lsrSu ;`<ska uZ.ska muKla usksidg
usysu; u; jvd;a iunr iqjodhs osjs fmfj;la .; l< yels nj tys oS fmkajd oS ;sfnz'89 tfiau
tjka usksfil`yg fndfyda frda.dndO wju nj o ishZM f,#lsl oshqKqj Tyq lrd laIKslj <Z.d
jk nj o jevs |=rg;a fmkajd oS ;sfnz' usksia yeisrSuz us;@YS,S wdl,amhlska hqla;j iliajsh hq;`
wdldrh wfkl`;a ukqIHhska yd ffiq iFjhska iuZ. l@shdl< hq;` iajrEmh uekjska jsYaf,aIKh
lsrSu uZ.ska o meyeos,s lrfokq ,nkqfha us;@YS,S yeisrSuz rgdj iudc iuznJO;d meje;ajSfuz oS
yd mj;ajkakd jQ iudc iuznJO;djhka jsOsu;a wdldrhlska ilia lr.ekSfuzys oS mej;sh hq;`
jQ yd iliajsh hq;` jQ iajrEmhhhs' tfiau Bg wod< jkakd jq fiiq .`Kdx.hka o biau;` fldg
olajd we;'90
usksiqka ;`< iajlSh ps;a; wNHka;rfhys we;s jk yd we;s jsh yels wys;lr
wdl,am" ixl,am" wdfjzok iukhlg m;alr iqjodhs udkisl iajNdjhlska iukajs; jSu ;`<ska
iym;a iudc iuznJO;d f.dvkZ.d .ekSu msKsi jvd;a Wps; udkisl jgdmsgdjla ;uka ;`<
ksrAudKh lr .; yels wdldrh nq|=iuh jsia;r lr fohs' fulS usksia yeisrSuz rgdfjys
;sfnkakd jQ wdfjzokd;aul iajrEmh mjd ilia jsh hq;af;a o Ndjd;sYh jsh hq;af;a o us;@YS,S
miq;,hla u; nj fmkajd fokq ,nhs' usksid iajNdjfhkau wdfjzokYS,S iFjfhl` kuz Tyqf.a
pska;k ud;@hka mej;sh hq;` jkafka wdfjzokhka iukh jk whqrsks'91 ;on, wdfjzokhkaf.ka
msreKq wdfjzokYS,S yeisrSuz rgdjka iys; usksiqka iykYS,S iudc rgdjlg Wps; fkdjkq we;'
tnZ|= mqoa.,hka iudcfhys jdih lsrSu lsisfjl`yg keje;ajsh fkdyel' tfiakuz tnZ|=
mqoa.,hkayg iudc moaO;sh ksrjq,aj meje;su msKsi lsishuz fjfyila ord iajlSh wdfjzokhka
usksia iudchg ys;lr jk iajrEmfhka kej; ilialr .ekSug Wps; udrAf.damfoaYkh
nq|=iuh uZ.ska ,ndfoa' nq|=iuh uZ.ska tnZ|= mqoa.,hkayg ,ndfokakd jQ fulS udrAf.damfoaYk
jsOsl@uhka lsisfia;au ;djld,sl jsiZ|=uz f,i ie,lsh fkdyelafla tlS ieu jsOs l@uhlau uekjska
219

32. w;ayod n,d w;sYhskau m@fhda.slj m@;HCI fldgf.k bka wk;`rej fmkajd fokq ,nk
l@ufjzohla nejsks' tfiau tu l@ufjzohka ilaij we;af;a Bg ksis nqoaOsuh mrsmdlh fhda.H
whqrska we;s ish is;a i;kays lsis|= wys;lr wdfjzokhla fkdue;s ishZM wys;lr wdfjzohka
iajlSh is;a i;ka ;`<ska uqZM ukskau m@ySK l<d jQ W;`uz mqoa.,hkaf.a cSjk w;aoelSuz weiqrska jSu
tys m@fhda.sl jgskdluz ;j;a Tma kxjhs'92
nq|=iuh usksiqka yd Tjqkaf.a pska;khka flfia iliajsh hq;`oehs fmkajd fokq
,nkafka o iudc jsma,jhla we;slrkq ,enqfha o lsis|= ysxiduh l@shdudrA.hlg wj;SrAK
fkdfjuska jSu nq|=iufhys we;s b.ekajSuzj, jgskdlu f,djg fmkajd fohs' uq,ska iudch fjkia
lsrSug W;aiy oerSu m@dfhda.sl fkdjk l@shdjls' iudch hkqfjka woyia jkqfha mqoa.,hska
rdYshlf.a tl;`jla jk fyhska m<uqj mqoa.,hd fjkia lsrSu jvd m@fhda.sl lghq;a;la nj
nq|=iufha meyeos,s lr oS ;sfnz' ta wkqj mqoa.,hd ilia jQ l, iuia; iudch o ta wkqj ilia
lsrSu b;d myiqfjka is|= l< yelsh' mqoa., wdl,am fjkia lsrSu yd uekjska ilia lsrSu Tiafia
iudch fjkia lsrSu yd iudc .uka uZ. ksjeros osYdjlg ilia lsrSu nq|= iufhys m@Yia; hehs
wkqu; lr ;sfnz' nq|=iuh wkqj jvd;a jeo.;a jkqfha mqoa.,hd i;` jspdr mQrAjl pska;k
ksoyihs' isysh msysgqjd lghq;` lsrSug wjldY ie,iSug is;Sfuz yd jsuiSfuz ksoyi wjYHh'
mqoa., flaka|@Shj iudc l@shdldrSFjh ksjeros udj;g fhduq lsrSfuz oS iudch jsiska idjoH
wrA:l:k imhk ,o jsjsO iudc ixl,amj,g ksjeros mrsmQrAK wrA:l:k bosrsm;a lsrSug
nq|=iuh yeujsloSu W;aiqljS ;sfnz'i;HdjfndaOh msKsi mej;s wka;jdoS l@ufjzohkag uqZMukskau
wjk;fkdfjuska yd m@;sfCIamfldg uqZMukau fy<doelSulska f;drj lsis|= oDIagsjdo ms,s.ekSula
rys; ueZ|=uz l@ufjzohl Ndjs;dj nq|=r|=ka jsiska m@fhda.slj fmkajd oS we;' mej;s idjoH iudc
ixl,am ioyd nq|=r|=ka jsiska iajlSh kj wrA: js.@yhka Bg iq|=iq Wmdh udrA. Ndjs; fldg
wjia:dfkdaps;j bosrsm;a lrwe;' fuz fya;`j ksid nq|=iuh b;d flgs l,lska iuia; Ndr;h
mqrdu jsYd, f,i jHdma; jQ nj mqrd jsoHd;aul yd ft;sydisl idOl wkqj fmfka'93
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys we;s nsh jsrys; Ndjh ksidu th m@Z{dj W;amdo lsrSfuys
,d iu;a luz olajhs' nsh we;s jsg ishZM nqoaOsh hgm;a fjz' yeZ.Suz biau;` jS nqoaOsh hgm;a jk
nejsks' kuq;a fu;a;d ixl,amfha mj;skqfha lsis|= laf,aYdjrKhlg hgm;a fkdjk iajNdjhls'
tuZ.ska jsorAYkd yd udrA.M, m@Z{d flfkl` ;`< we;slr.; yelsh' p;`rdrAh i;Hh fkdokakd
nj ksid we;sjk ;Kaydj keue;s laf,aY wdjrKh |=re lrkq ,nkafka kej; th yg.ekajSug
fya;`jk wjsoHd ufkda uQ,h o isZo nsZo ouusks' fulS wjsoHd ufkda uQ,h yg.ekSug m@Odk fya;~ka
jk rd. oafjzI yd fuday hk idOl ;`k uq,skqmqgd oeuSu |=laLfha wjidkhhs' ishZM fida |=la
ixld yg.kq ,nkqfha fulS idOl ;`fkys n,mEug yiqjSu uZ.sks' iudc cSjs;h ;`< oS nsh
rys; Ndjh iudc taldnoaO;djh flfrys w;sYhskau bjy,a fjz' uq,skau mqoa.,fhl` ;ud ;`<
nsh rys; iajNdjhla we;s lr .ekSu uZ.ska ;j |=rg;a tlS mqoa.,hd ygu iudch jsIfhys nsh
rys; iajNdjhla we;s lr.ekSu flrys n,mdkq ,nhs' iudc.; osjsh mqrdj nsh rys; iajNdjh
220

33. uQ,slju yg.kq ,nk fu;a;d ixl,amh m@Z{dj wjOslrkq ,nhs' m@Z{d iuzmkak mej;`uz we;s
mqoa.,hd iuia; iudch flfrys o ;ud flfrys o nsh fkdolsk mqoa.,fhl` njg m;afjz'
fujeks mqoa., fm#reIhla iliajSug fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdNdih ,enSu wjYHfjz' tfukau
iudc cSjs;h wrA: iuzmkak jkqfha o funZ|= mqoa., fm#reIhla we;sjgloSh'94 ish osjs meje;au
ksjeros f,i ilia lr.ekSu mrsmQrAK mqoa., fm#reIhla yd ksrrAnqo iudc meje;aula wrnhd
w;sYhskau jeo.;afjz' ienjskau mxpYS, m@;smodfjka wrA:j;a jkqfha o fujeks nsh rys; iudc
jgdmsgdjla usksidg Wreu lr oSuh' usksid iajNdjfhkau wfkla ishZM iFj jrA.hd fukau nsh
iycfhka /f.k meusfKk cSjsfhls' Wmkayeu i;ajfhlau urKhg nsh fjz' oZvqjuska ;e;s
.ks;s' th Wmudjg f.k ;ud yd iudkfldg is;d wfkla wh flfrys udkqIslj ms<smeoSu
ffu;@sh oelajSfuz fhda.H l@uhhs' th udkjhd we;`ZM ishZM cSjkaf.a ksrrAnqo meje;au yd nsh
rys; nj msKsi mj;S' fu;a;d ixl,amh iudc l@shdldrS;ajh ;`< oelsh yels iq,N ,laIKhla
jkafka tf,i nsh rys; nj ishZM cSjska uekjska N`la;sjsZosk jsgloSh' hg;a msrsfihska iudcfhys
cSj;a jk tla mqoa.,fhl` fyda fu;a;d ixl,amfhka hqla; jqjfyd;a ta ;eke;a;df.a wdY@fhka
fiiq idudcslhskag ,efnk udkisl iykh b;d jsYd,h' iudcfha fjfik mqoa.,hska tlsfkld
flfrys ffu;@sh jHdma; lr yerSug W;aiqljSu tlS iudch nsh rys; m@Z{d iuzmkak iudchla
njg m;a lsrSfuz uQ,sl mokuhs' fu;a;d ixl,am jrAOkh uZ.ska usksiqka ;`< iykYS,S meje;au
yd iudc taldnoaO;djh we;s lsrSug yelshdj ,efnkq we;'95
usksia iudch jsgska jsg fkdfhl`;a mrsjrA;kSh iajNdjh ,la jSu jsYaj
idOdrK jQ OrAu;djhla f,iska ie,fla' fjkia fkdjkakd jQ iudchla ;nd fjkia fkdjkakd
jQ lsishuz uQ< modrA:hlaj;a fkdue;s hehs ie,flk nejsks' boska iudch wkjr;fhka fulS
fjkia jSfuz l@shdj<shg uqyqK mdhs kuz tnZ|= fjkiajSula ;`< usksid iudcfhys fiiq mqoa.,hka
iuZ. lghq;` lsrSfuz oS jv jvd;a us;@YS,S osjs meje;aulg fhduq jSu uZ.ska fjkia jkakd jQ usksia
ixl,amh yd wdl,am l@udkQl~, wkaouska usksidf.a ffp;isl ixjrAOkh msKsi odhl lr
.ekSfuz jsYd, iuzNdjs;djla we;s nj fmfkkakg ;sfnz' fjkiajSu ;`<u usksia yeisrSuz yd
l@shdldrSFjhka wkHhkaf.a ys; iqj ie,iSfuz wruqK lrd fhduq jQ jsg tu fjkiajSu usksidg
uy;a wdYsrAjdohla lr.; yelsh'96 jrA;udkfhys fulS iudcfhys jsp,H;djh fu;a;d
ixl,amh weiqfrka ilia lr fkd.ekSfuz nshlre m@;sjsmdlh kuz hf:dla; fjkiajSu
ixialD;sl iudc yd fm#oa.,sl jYfhka tla tla mqoa.,hd flfrys yd iuia; iudch
flfrys;a b;du;au wys;lr wkaouska n,md we;s iajNdjhka jsoHudk jSuhs' fjkiajSu ;`< usksia
yeisrSfuz ys m@;scdkkd;aul md,kh yd ixjsOdkh uZ.ska tlS fjkialu usksidf.au hym;
iZoyd Ndjs;d lr.ekSug yelshdj we;s w;r tlS wruqK fu;a;d ixl,amh mdolj l@shd;aul
jsh hq;`h'97
usksia prAhd uZ.ska iudchg is|= jk whym;a n,mEu wju lr.ekSfuz wruqKska
hqla;j th lsishuz jsOsl@uhlg wkqj f.dvkeZ.Su w;HjYH fjz' iSud lsrSuz yd jsOsu;a lsrSuz
221

34. wjYH jkqfha tnejsks' mxpYS, m@;smodj ieliS we;af;a udkj prAhdj jsOsu;aj ilia lsrSu
Wfoidh' tmuKla fkdj usksia prAhd iudc wNsjDoaOsh we;slsrSu Wfoid jsjsO wdldrfhka odhl
lr.; yel' YS,h" mrs;Hd.h jeks prAhd ixialrK l@u ieliS we;af;a ta wkqjh' tfiau
mxpYS, m@;smodj uZ.ska yZ|=kajd fokq ,enQ prAhd ixialrK l@ufjzoh lsishuz wd.usl ixl,am
moaO;shlg iSud jQ fldg oelajsh fkdyels irAj ld,Sk yd irAj idOrK wdpdr OrAu moaO;shla
f,i oelajsh yel' mxpYS, m@;smodfjys jsoHudk jk wdpdr OrAu moaO;sh uZ.ska iudch fj;
;s<sK lrkq ,nkafka o fulS wjYH;dhjhka iZoyd irs,k wdldrfha jsiZ|=uls' iEu iudc
wjYH;djhlau mqoa., wjYH;djhla fkdfjz' tfiau iEu mqoa., wjYH;djhlau iudch
wjYH;djhla o fkdfjz' kuq;a iEu mqoa., wjYH;djhlau iudc wjYH;djhla iuZ. o iEu
iudc wjYH;djhlau mqoa., wjYH;djhla iuZ. o lsishuz iajrEmhlska iuznJO fjz' we;euz jsg
fulS iuznJO;djfhys iajrEmh u;`msgska jsoHdudk jQjla jsh yels w;r we;euz jsgl oS ta
wdldrfhka u;`msgska fkdj wNHka;rj jsysfok iajNdjhla jsh yelsh' we;euz jsgl oS fuz
fohdldrfhys iuznJO;djhka mjd jsoHudk jsh yelsh' mqoa., wjYH;djhka yd iudc
wjYH;djhka w;r lsishuz iduQysl njla tlZ.Fjhla we;s lr.ekSu fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska
is|= flfrA' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iudc Ndjs;dj ilia jkqfha o fuz wdldrfhka mqoa., yd iudc
ixorANfhys ,d th l@shd;aul jk iajNdjh wkqjh' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys mqoa., yd iudc
l@shdldrSFjh tl iudk jeo.;a lulska hqla; njla .enz jS mj;S' us;@YS,S nj kshu jYfhka
oelajSu hkqfjka woyia lrkqfha ;ud yd wkHhka w;r ixcdkk iduHhla f.dvkZ.d .ekSu jk
nejsks' tnejska fu;a;d ixl,am ixcdkkh nqoaOs f.dapr iajNdjhla .kq ,nhs' tuZ.ska ishZM
wdldrfha oafjzI yeZ.Suzj,ska jshqla; jQ mrsmQrAK udkqIsl wdl,am udkjhd yg Wreu fldg fohs'
usksia l@shdldrSFjh iuia; ffcj ys;jdoS nj u; mokuz jk jsg muKla fu;a;d ixl,amh
ksid is;g oefkk wdOHd;ausl iqjh jsZoSug usksiqkag wjldY ie,fia' i;H jYfhkau mqoa.,
fjzu;a;;dj ffcj jsjsOFjh jeks idOl mej;sfha jqj o ishZM fjkialuz yd Nskak repslFjhka
mfil ,d iduQyslFjh ;`<ska Tmj;a jQ us;@YS<S wdl,amhkaf.ka iukajs; jsYajSh m@cdjla ilia
lsrSfuys ,d fu;a;d ixl,amh ,nd fokafka fkduZo msgqjy,ls' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iudc
Ndjs;dj by< w.hl mj;ska jsg oS muKla th iduQysl iudchla jYfhka yeZoskajSu jvd;a
ksrjoH jkq we;' fuhska woyia jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh jshqla; ixl,amhla fkdj fnfyjska
m@fhda.sl ;,fhys rZod mj;akd jQ w.hla njhs' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys jgskdlu ;j |=rg;a Tma
kexfjkafka th ixcdkk me;slv blaujd wdfjzok ;,fhys mjd ish il@Sh odhlFjh ,ndfok
wdldrfhks' lsishuz iudc moaO;shl oS ixcdkk fCIa;@hg iu.duSj thg iudk w.hla
wdfjzok me;slv fj; ;s<sK lrkq ,enSu hym;a ixl,amhl mej;sh hq;` idOkSh ,laIKhls'
fm@auh" Nla;sh" fifkyi" jsYajdih" ifydaor;ajh" udkj ohdj yd weoySu jeks jsjsO ffu;@S
iy.; nj .enz jQ idrOrAu ixl,am jspdr mQrAjl nj" ffcj ys;jdoSnj" iduQysl;ajh jeks
jsjsO udkqIsl w.fha jsp,Hhka ;`,kh lrkq ,nkqfha jsjsO fjkialuz iys;jh' fuys ;`,khjSu
hkq n,dfmdfrd;a;`jk udkqIslnjg iudk jk m@udKd;aul w.hla wod, ixl,amfha .enzjk
njhs' uska jvd jevs jsp,H m@udKhla ;`,kh l< yelsjSu tu ixl,amfha udkqIsl nj fl;ruz
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35. mrsmQrAK;ajhg <Z.djS we;soehs jgyd.ekSug idOlhls' fu;a;d ixl,amh hym;a ixl,amhl
mej;sh hq;` iEu jsp,Hhlau ;`,kh lrkq ,nk jsjsO udkqIsl jgskdluz tlajr ,ndfokq ,nk
idOkSh ,laIK iys; ixl,amhla f,i oelajsh yelsh' jsjsO wd.uzj, oelafjk fndfyda
ixl,amj, fuz jgskdlu oel.; fkdyels w;r udkqIsl w.hkays jsp,Hhka w;r fulS
mrsmQrAK .e,mSu o jsoHudk fkdfjz' iudc Ndjs;djl oS fujeks .e,mSuz we;s ixl,amhl we;s
w.h fuz ksid wjsjdos;h'98
tfiau iudchla hkq fkdfhla wdldrfha Nskak repshlFjhka yd Nskak
wjYH;djhka iys; msrsilf.ka iukajs; ixia:duh fohla nejska tjka msrsila ksr;`reju
ix;Dma; lsrSu Tjqfkdjqkaf.a wka;rA l@shdldrSFjh uZ.skau is|= jsh hq;a;la ksid ta wka;rA
l@shdldrSFjh irAj iudkj yd idOdrK wdldrfhka is|= jSug wjYH miq;,h fu;a;d ixl,amh
uZ.ska ksrka;rfhka ilia lr fokq ,nhs'99 fuz fya;`j ksid fu;a;d ixl,amfhys l@shdldrSFjh
idudkHfhka us;@Fjfha iSudfjka Tnzng;a jsyso me;sr hkaklaa fjz' iudc foayhl ksrjq,a
meje;au ia:sr jYfhkau rZod mj;afka tlS iudch fld;ruz |=rlg fu;a;d ixl,amh fuz
wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg f.k ish meje;au ta Tiafia ilia lr .kakjdo hkak u;hs' fuz fya;`j
ksid fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iudc w.h yd mqoa., w.h hk folu tl yd iudkj jeo.;a fjz'100
udkj iudch yels;dla iykYS,S mqoa.,hskaf.ka iukajs;jSu fu;a;d ixl,amh wkqka flfrys
oelajSfuz tla wruqKls' ;ud Wmudlr .ksuska fiiq wh yd us;@YS,S wdl,am jrAOkh lsrSfuz
l@ufjzoh jvd idrA:l lr.; yels jkqfha ;ud m@fhda.sl cSjs;fha oS flf;la |=rlg wkHhka
jsIfhys iudkd;au;d m@;sm;a;shla wkq.ukh lrkafka o hk lreK u;h'101 fuz fya;` ksid
fu;a;d ixl,amh uQ,slju ;ud flfrys jrAOkh lr wk;`rej fiiq wh flfrys jrAOkh lsrSu
iq|=iq fia ie,fla' ;ud Wmudlr ta wkqj wkqka flfrys ys;dkqluzmSj is;kakg fuuZ.ska wjia:dj
ie,fik fyhsks' ffu;@S Ndjkdfjys oS ;ud yd wkqka jYfhka o ol`Kq osYdfjz fjfik
i;ajfhda" W;`re osYdfjz fjfik i;ajfhda hkdoS f,i osYd jYfhka o ;srsika i;ajhska"
ukqIhska" hlaI N~; fm@a; msidp jeks wukqIH i;ajhska" fojshka" n@yauhska jeks i;aj fhdaks
jYfhka o lsishuz iSudjla we;`,; ffu;@S ixl,amh m@.`K lrkafka tlajr ish,a, is;ska wruqKq
lsrSu |=Ialr fyhsks' kuq;a wjidk mshjfrys oS tu iSud w;sl@uKh lr iSud bj;alr oud
ffu;@sh m@.`K lrkq ,nhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh fuz wdldrfhka jrAOkh lrkqfha m<uqj Ndjs;d
lrkakdyg m@.`K lsrSfuz myiqj i,ldh' fuz ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh lsrSu wdruzN
jkqfha wfkl`;a idudkH ixl,am fuka iSudjg hg;ajh' kuq;a ta ishZM iSud wnsnjd jrAOkh l<
yelsjSu fu;a;d ixl,amfha oelsh yels iqjsfYaIS;djhls' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iSud yd jHdma;sh
wdruzNl uq,a woshr ;`< fiiq ixl,amhkays fuka jqj;a tys wjidk l~gm@dma;s wjia:d fiiq mgq
ixl,amSh iSud w;sl@uKh lruska mrudorAYS jQ mrsmQrAK ffu;@sh lrd <Z.d jkakla fjz' fuys oS
is;g ieye,a,qj yd ikaisZoSu we;sfjz' mqoa., iudkd;au;dj fmroers lr.kq ,enq iudc
talSh;ajhlg uZ. yir fy,s lrhs' fuys idlpzPdjk talSh;ajh jkdyS mQrAK fldushqksiagz yd
iudcjdoS iudcj, jHqyhkays mrudorAY f,i ie,flk iudc tlSh;ajhg jvd fjkiah'
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