Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are glycoprotein molecules produced by plasma cells (white blood cells). They act as a critical part of the immune response by specifically recognizing and binding to particular antigens, such as bacteria or viruses, and aiding in their destruction. There are five immunoglobulin classes (isotypes) of antibody molecules found in serum: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE and IgD. They are distinguished by the type of heavy chain they contain

1. KHWAJA YUNUS ALI UNIVERSITY
QUEST FOR KNOWLEDGE………
Assignment On
Immunoglobulin
Course Name: Clinical pharmacy
Course code: BPH 4102
Submitted By: Submitted To:
Date of Submission: 31-05-2020
Dr. F.R. Shakil Ahmed
Department Head
Department Of Pharmacy
Khwaja Yunus Ali University
Quazi Istiaque Bari
ID No: 2017301030007
4th
year 1st
semester
Batch- 8th
Department Of Pharmacy
Khwaja Yunus Ali University

2. Immunoglobulin- Immunoglobulin (Ig) is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by
plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic
bacteria and viruses. Also known as an antibody (Ab),
Types of immunoglobulin- Mainly 5 types
Figure 1- Each antibody binds to a specific antigen; an interaction similar to a lock and key.
IgA
IgD
IgE
IgG
IgM

3. Comparison of 5 types immunoglobulin-
Antibody isotypes not found in mammals -
Class Description
 IgY Found in birds and reptiles; related to
mammalian IgG.
 IgW Found in sharks and skates; related to
mammalian IgD
Properties IgG IgM IgA IgD IgE
1) Structure
2) Percentage of
total antibody
in serum
80% 6% 13% (monomer) <1% <0.1%
3) Size Most small Very big Moderate Small than IgA Small than IgD
4) Found In blood, lymph,
intestine & liquid
tissue
In blood & lymph In mucus of GIT, RT
& reproduction
system
In blood, lymph,
lymphocyte B-
cell
In B- cell, mast cell,
basophil
5) Heavy chain γ μ α δ ε
6) No of antigen
binding sites
2 10 4 2 2
7) Molecular
weight (Daltons)
150,000 900,000 385,000 180,000 200,000
8) Crosses placenta Yes No No No No
9) Fixes complement Yes Yes No No No
10) Function Neutralization,
agglutination,
complement
activation,
opsonization,
and antibody-
dependent
cell-mediated
cytotoxicity.
Neutralization,
agglutination,
and
complement
activation. The
monomer form
serves as the
B-cell receptor.
Neutralization
and trapping of
pathogens in
mucus.
Activate B-cell
receptor.
Activation of
basophils and
mast cells against
gut parasites and
allergens.