The normal ROM for each hip motion is provided along with positioning details for accurate goniometric measurement. Precautions and common limiting factors are also outlined to ensure safe assessment.

1. By :
Dr. Gehan Shaalan, PT
Lecturer BMC

2. Hip Flexion
 Starting and Ending
Position:
 The patient should be lying
supine in the anatomical
position.
 The fulcrum is aligned with
the greater trochanter of
the femur.
 The stationary arm is
positioned along the lateral
midline of the abdomen,
using the pelvis for
reference, the moving arm
along the lateral midline of
the femur.
 Normal ROM is between
115 and 125 degrees. The
patient is in 115 degrees of
knee flexion

3. Hip Flexion
Precaution
 Allow the knee to flex to prevent a
stretch on the hamstring muscle.
 Avoid lumbosacral motion.
Factors limiting motion
 Contact of thigh with pelvis.

4. Hip Extension
 Starting and Ending
Position:
 Patient is lying prone
with legs together and
arms at sides.
 Goniometer
positioning is the
same as for hip
flexion.
 Normal ROM for hip
extension is 10 to 30
degrees, patient has
25 degrees of hip
extension.

5. Hip Extension
Precaution
 Avoid lumbar extension.
 Keep knee joint extended to prevent
stretch on the rectus femoris muscle
Factors limiting ROM
 Tension of hip flexor muscles.
 Tension of iliofemoral ligament.

6. Hip Abduction
 Starting Position:
 Patient is supine in anatomical
position.
 Fulcrum is placed in line with the
anterior superior iliac spine.
 The moving arm of the
goniometer is aligned with the
midline of the patella, the
stationary arm with the ASIS of
the opposite side.
 Note: This places the
goniometer reading at 90
degrees, to determine the actual
reading make sure to read 90 as
0 and determine the
measurement in that manner.
 Ending Position:
 Same as above
 Normal ROM for hip abduction is
40 to 50 degrees; the patient has
48 degrees of hip abduction.

7. Hip Abduction
 Precaution
Prevent lateral rotation of hip joint.
Factors limiting motion
1-Tension of hip adductor muscles.
2-Tension of iliofemoral ligament.

8. Hip Adduction
 Starting Position:
 Patient is supine the leg
not being measured is
abducted to allow full
adduction of the opposite
leg.
 The goniometer positioning
is the same as for
abduction, fulcrum at the
ASIS, moving arm aligned
with the midline of the
patella, and the stationary
arm with the ASIS of the
opposite side. Also,
remember to adjust due to
the goniometer starting at
a reading of 90 degrees.
 Ending Position:
 Same as above
 The normal ROM is 15 to
25 degrees. The patient
has 18 degrees of hip

9. Hip Adduction
Precaution
 Prevent medial rotation of hip joint.
Factors limiting ROM
 Contact with opposite limb.

10. Hip Medial Rotation
Starting Position:
 The patient will be sitting at the
edge of the table, knees against
the table, with their legs dangling
down off the table.
 The fulcrum is aligned with the
patella and both arms of the
goniometer with the midline of
the tibia.
Ending Position:
 The fulcrum and moving arm
remain in the same position as
above.
 The stationary arm should now be
hanging freely but should be
perpendicular to the floor.
 he normal ROM for internal
rotation is 35 to 50 degrees.
 Patient has 49 degrees of internal
rotation at the hip

11. Hip Medial Rotation
Precautions
 Prevent the pelvis from lifting off the
table.
 Prevent trunk flexion.
Factors Limiting ROM
 Tension of hip lateral rotator muscles.
 When hip is extended (during prone
position) tension of ischiocapsular
ligament.
 When hip is flexed (during sitting position)
tension of iliofemoral ligament.

12. Hip Lateral Rotation
 Starting Position:
 Patient is sitting on the edge of
the table as was done for
internal rotation. The leg not
being measured can either
remain off the table or can be
on the table depending on the
ability of the patient. The
patient in the picture has her leg
on the table to her side.
 The goniometer positioning is
the same as for lateral rotation.
The fulcrum is aligned with the
patella, and both arms with the
midline of the tibia.
 Ending Position:
 The fulcrum and moving arm
are still in the same position.
 The stationary arm should be
hanging freely and
perpendicular to the floor.

13. Hip Lateral Rotation
Precaution
 Prevent the pelvis from lifting off the
table.
 Prevent trunk flexion.
Factors Limiting ROM
 Tension of hip medial rotator
muscles.
 Tension of iliofemoral ligament.