details of robotics

1. Robotics & its applications
Prepared by: VINEETH K
IEAGEME054
MECHANICAL

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 Force through intelligence
 A machine or a device
operates automatically or by
remote control.
 Robot is a machine that
collects the information
about the environment using
some sensors and makes a
decision automatically.
Definitions

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History
 Word robot was coined by a
Czech novelist Karel Capek in
a 1920 play titled Rossum’s
Universal Robots (RUR)
 Robota in Czech is a word for
worker or servant
Karel Capek

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Robotics
 It’s a branch which deals with design, fabrication
& application of robots.
 Mech.Engg – Mechanism & structure
 Elect.Engg – Sensing & controlling
 Computer Engg – Planning of Motion

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Classification of robots
 Simple level Robots
 Automatic machine cannot be programmed and does
not contain a complex circuitry.
 Middle level Robots
 Robots which can be programmed but cannot be
reprogrammed. They have sensor based circuit
 Complex level Robots
 Robots which can be programmed and also
reprogrammed. They are multifunctional manipulators

6. Examples
Wheeled Robot
Legged Robot
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

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Components of a Robot system
Mechanical
linkage
Controller
Sensors Actuators
User
interface
Power
conversion
unit

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Details
 mechanical linkage-which consists set of rigid
LINKS ,JOINTS and END EFFECTORS
 END EFFECTORS The last link or the most distal
link is called the end effectors it is this link to which
a gripper or a tool is attached

9.  Actuators- Actuator is a device that makes freedom
possible, basic form of actuator is an electric motor
 Stepper Motors- control the arms of robots
 Servo Motors- control the wheels of Robots
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Stepper Motor
Servo Motor

10. Cont.
 Transmissions- GEARS,CHAINS, LINKAGES are
used
 The actuator output is not directly suitable for driving the
robot linkage.
 Actuators are usually big and heavy and often it is not
practical to locate the actuator at the joint
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Cont…
Sensors - Control of a industrial robot is based on
the correct interpretation of sensory information
 Tactile sensors-It deals with collision detection
 Proximity sensors-Thus how much a Robot is
away from an object
 Machine vision-inspection,parts
identification,guidence
 Miscellaneous-Used in robots that need to
maintain balance.

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Figure..1

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Cont….
Controllers
 This provides the intelligence that is
necessary to control the robot.
 The sensory information and computes the
control commands that must be sent to the
actuators to carry out the specified task.
 Memory to store
 Computational unit (CPU)
 hardware for a user interface

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Cont……
User interface-This interface allows use a
human operator to monitor or control the
operation of the robot. It must have a
display that shows the status of the system.
Power conversion- It takes the commands
issued by the controller and even digital
signals and converts them into high power
analog signals that can be used to drive the
actuators.

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Robot Physical Configuration
 All most all of the current day robots fall
under the following four configurations.
 Polar Co-ordinate Configuration-TRL
rotation
 Cylindrical Co-ordinate Configuration-TLO
rotation
 Jointed Arm Configuration- LOO rotation
Cartesian Co-ordinate Configuration-TRR
rotation

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Figures

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Robotic motion
 six basic(6 degree of freedom) motions which
provide the robot with the capability to move the
end effectors.
 Moving up and down (heaving)
 Moving left and right (swaying)
 Moving forward and backward (surging)
 Tilting along vertical axis (pitching)
 Tilting front to back (yawing)
 Tilting side to side , along length (rolling).

18. Degree of freedom
ROLL-ROTATE THE OBJECT ABOUT ITS AXIS
PITCH-UP AND DOWN ROTATION YAW-RIGHT & LEFT ROTATION

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Robotic software
 winavr software
 notepad++
Languages
 Variable assembly language (VAL)
 Robot controller(RC+)
 Roboforth
 BASICS
 The Commands are first written as text on the screen.
 They are then processed by the compiler into a
machine language file that the robot can understand.

20. Working of a simple level robot
 The robot actually senses its environment
 sensed signals are sent to the computer.
 the computer is controlled manually by using
a specific software
 using the software and is converted into
continuous signals
 then sent back to the actuator through
different ports available in the computer
system
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ADVANTAGES OF ROBOTS
 increase productivity, safety, efficiency, quality, and
consistency of products
 work continuously without any humanity needs and
illnesses
 Robots have repeatable precision at all times
 Robots can process multiple stimuli or tasks
simultaneously

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DISADVANTAGES OF ROBOTS
 Robots lack capability to respond in emergencies
 A lack of decision-making power
 • Robots may have limited capabilities in
 – Degrees of Freedom, Sensors ,Vision systems
 Robots are costly, due to
 – Initial cost of equipment
 – Installation Costs
 Need for Programming

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APPLICATIONS OF ROBOTS
These are the main fields
 Automotive industry
 Assembly
 Medical laboratories
 Medicine
 Nuclear energy
 Agriculture
 Underwater inspection
 Customer service
 Arts and entertainment

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FUTURE OF ROBOTICS
 Medicine: New techniques for Tele surgery will
be developed in future
 Development is going in the field of artificial
intelligence. This will invoke thinking in Robots
which in future will help Man problem solving.

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Conclusion
 Robots are going to play a very significant
part in our daily life
 With the development of computers,
semiconductor technology Robotics will grow in
leaps
 They will find applications in almost all areas
and become universal
 The ethnicity of providing intelligence to
robots is questioned but future is the answer to
this question

26. Thank you
for your attention