1. 10/15/2020 Dr. Raksha Singh
PERCENTAGES
Dr Raksha Singh
Principal
Shri Shankaracharya Mahavidyalaya
rakshasingh20@hotmail.com
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2. DEFINITION
Percentage is divided into two
1. Per means Each and 2.Cent means Hundred
In Latin Percentage means ‘Out of One hundred’
We all daily across with this terminology
In Internet
In Shops
In Media
In Advertisement
Whole thing must be divided into equal 100 parts, then each part
represent 1%
10/15/2020 Dr. Raksha Singh
3. CONCEPT
Percent or Percentage can be explained as
It is a fraction whose denominator is 100 and numerator is
definite quantity, which is called the rate percent
Number expressed as a fraction of one hundred is known as
percentage
Percentage is a ratio, the consequent of which is 100 and
the antecedent is the rate percent
P/Q = 2/100
2= Antecedent and 100 = Consequent
10/15/2020 Dr. Raksha Singh
5. History
In Ancient Rome, Calculations were done by using fractions in
the multiples of 1/100 .( Before Decimal System)
Roman Emperor Augustus introduced tax of 1% =1/100 ( In the
late 1st Century BC)
It was popular in 16 Century and computations with
denominator 100 became standard
By 17 Century , it was standard to quote interest rates in
hundredths
10/15/2020 Dr. Raksha Singh
6. EXAMPLES
Total Class Strength =250 ,Today 200 students are attending
classes. Calculate Percentage of Present and Absent Students?
Advik scored 42 marks out of 50 marks in Mathematics
Calculate how much percentage Advik got in mathematics subject.
If paper is of 100 marks how much Advik will score ?
Refer earlier slide- if 200 grid table will be provided what will be
your answer?
Extra squares of grid will be shaded with yellow colour
Hint Its always good if you will convert cells into 1% .
Then ,calculation will be easier
10/15/2020 Dr. Raksha Singh
7. MAKE SIMPLE
(Useful in Competitive Examination)
Always consider ‘ whole question ‘( if possible) broken up into hundred
equal parts, and consider each one as 1%
It is always easy to understand 100 as compare to 1/3
Try to convert things into 100 then compare and answer
Say you want to purchase mobile, you surveyed for it in your area it is on
MRP only Whereas, in On line purchasing you are getting 20 % Discount
on List price . Mobile Price is Rs 20,000
Method start by considering 1%
One percent= Rs 200 ( 20000 /100)
Multiply with the percentage you want to calculate , here it is 20%,
So 20 *200 = 4000
SO the price of Mobile Rs 20,000 – Rs 4,000 = Rs 16,000
10/15/2020 Dr. Raksha Singh
8. EXERCISE
Abha got promoted and gets 5% hike in salary
At present she is drawing Rs.25,000 in a month,
How much salary she will draw after this hike?
10/15/2020 Dr. Raksha Singh
9. SOLUTION
Answer : ( Mental Maths ) Calculate 1% of whole
1% or 25000/100 =Rs 250
Multiply that by percentage you are looking for
5% hike means 5 times so 250 * 5= Rs 1,250
Complete the calculation by adding to the initial amount
what she was drawing
25000 +1250 = Rs 26,250 per month
10/15/2020 Dr. Raksha Singh
10. CHALLENGE
10/15/2020 Dr. Raksha Singh
Tell a Story – What is your ideal Cocoa Percentage ?
When I was in Seattle recently, I went on a tour of the Theo Chocolate Factory. I particularly
liked that the tour guide gave us little pieces of chocolate to eat throughout the tour, with
provided a strong sense of connection to the chocolate-making process (and ensured that we
weren’t just tapping our fingers as we waited for samples at the end of the tour).
The guide started us out with a very dark chocolate–maybe 85%? I can’t remember exactly, but
it had a high cocoa percentage. Over the course of the tour we worked our way down to 45%
milk chocolate, the lowest percentage that Theo offers. As milk chocolate goes, it was really
delicious.
I should have paid attention to my ideal dark chocolate percentage at Theo, but I didn’t, so
when I went to the grocery store last week, I picked up a variety of dark chocolate bars. I think I
now know my ideal cocoa percentage for dark chocolate: 65%. It’s a sweet spot for me–slightly
bitter without being dry, and just sweet enough.
What’s your ideal cocoa percentage? When you treat yourself to fancy chocolate, do you have a
favorite brand? While I really liked
https://jameystegmaier.com/2018/07/what-is-your-ideal-cocoa-percentage
s equal to 45/100, 45:100, or 0.45. Percentages are often used to express a proportionate part of a total.
50 % in maharastra is effected by covid and 20% influenced by it , 20 % discount in new arrivals 25/100, 25:100, or 0.25.
Percentages , once you will understand it fully you will save your time and money…..
Percentage means per hundred say 75% marks means student have scored 75 out of 100 or ¾ some one scored 300 marks out of 400= 75%
https://www.skillsyouneed.com/num/percentages.html
A consequent is the second half of a hypothetical proposition. In the standard form of such a proposition, it is the part that follows "then". In an implication, if P implies Q, then P is called the antecedent and Q is called the consequent.
White and Peach 1/100
Lavender 13/10pink 15/100
Pink 15 %, grey 20% Red 50%
In Ancient Rome, long before the existence of the decimal system, computations were often made in fractions in the multiples of 1/100. For example, Augustus levied a tax of 1/100 on goods sold at auction known as centesima rerum venalium. Computation with these fractions was equivalent to computing percentages.
As denominations of money grew in the Middle Ages, computations with a denominator of 100 became increasingly standard, such that from the late 15th century to the early 16th century, it became common for arithmetic texts to include such computations. Many of these texts applied these methods to profit and loss, interest rates, and the Rule of Three. By the 17th century, it was standard to quote interest rates in hundredths.[5]
Many ancient cultures calculated with numerals based on ten, sometimes argued due to human hands typically having ten digits.[15] Standardized weights used in the Indus Valley Civilization (c. 3300–1300 BCE) were based on the ratios: 1/20, 1/10, 1/5, 1/2, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500, while their standardized ruler – the Mohenjo-daro ruler – was divided into ten equal parts.[16][17][18] Egyptian hieroglyphs, in evidence since around 3000 BCE, used a purely decimal system,[19] as did the Cretan hieroglyphs (c. 1625−1500 BCE) of the Minoans whose numerals are closely based on the Egyptian model.[20
Augustus essentially put an end to tax farming. Complaints from provincials for excessive assessments and large, unpayable debts ushered in the final days of this lucrative business. The Publicani continued to exist as money lenders and entrepreneurs, but easy access to wealth through taxes was gone. Tax farming was replaced by direct taxation early in the Empire and each province was required to pay a wealth tax of about 1% and a flat poll tax on each adult. This new procedure, of course, required regular census taking to evaluate the taxable number of people and their income/wealth status. Taxation in this environment switched mainly from one of owned property and wealth to that of an income tax. As a result, the taxable yield varied greatly based on economic conditions, but theoretically, the process was fairer and less open to corruption.
1 .80 % Present 20 % absent
2. 84% ,84
3 one grid of ½ % white pink will be 15/200 7.5
Or you can try the lengthy method of fraction. Above question is simple that’s why you are not able to understand the trick,20%0f 20,000
https://www.skillsyouneed.com/num/percentages.html
A useful mental maths hack is that percentages are reversible, so 17% of 32 is the same as 32% of 17. Invariably, one of those will be much easier to work out in our head…try it
Other method is 25000 * 5% and then add or directly calculate 105%
Students must share their experience related with percentage
https://jameystegmaier.com/2018/07/what-is-your-ideal-cocoa-percentage
Ask question about likings in chocolate, cake and investment percentage Theo.it’s hard for me not to return to Lake Champlain when they have a sale on truffles.