Unit 1 OCR ICT Cambridge Technicals Robert Taylor

1. LO1 Understanding the personal attributes valued by employers
P1: explain the personal attributes valued by employers
Explain- To give account of the purposesor reasons
E.g. - A chair is usedforsittingon.It normallycomprisesaseat;a backrestand is supportedbylegs.
The legsare positionedinsucha wayso as to balance the chair, sothat whenitis sat uponit does
not collapse orbecome unstable.Chairscanbe made in manydifferentstylesanduse avarietyof
materials.The designandmaterial choice are reflectedinthe costof the chair.Chairs are oftenused
alongside atable,tosupportbodyweightata convenientheightwhilstdoingsomethingatthe
table.Chairscan be producedindifferentsizestomake themsuitableforindividualse.g. achild.
Personal attributes
Personal attributes determine the standardof personinaworkplace. Everyemployerof every
businesshasanassortment of differentqualities thattheypredominantlyneedfortheirjob.Inthis
reportI am goingto explainanddefinethe mostcommonand useful characteristicsthereare inthe
worldand give examplesof howtheyare used.Iam thengoingto pick several differentjobrolesand
whatattributestheywouldneed.Allmanagershave theirownqualitiesthattheyesteem;thisbails
themto getsome answersconcerningthe businessthattheyare workingin.Doingthiswill make the
headhonchosturn outto be more mindful of whatisgoingonwhichwill pickupthemmore learning
and helptoenhance theiraptitudes.
Self-Motivation
Thisis where someone hasownconcernaboutaccomplishingsomethingandiswell motivatedby
himself orherself withoutthe constantinfluence of anyone else tellingthemwhattodo.Thisis very
importantto anyemployersasitshowsthat theyhave enthusiasmanddeterminationtodothe
work. An advantage forthe employeris thatif theirstaff are self-motivatedthentheywouldbe able
to complete tasksquicklyandbyanydeadlinesthatare set. Whilstadisadvantage tohavingself-
motivation couldbe thata staff memberwouldbecome toomotivatedwhenperformingataskand
endup injuringthemselvesinthe process.Ithinkthatself-motivationisavital attribute forany
workerto have sothat theyare able to start and complete anysetassignmentswithproductivity
and efficiency.
Self-motivationiswhenapersonisdeterminedto remaindedicatedwithwhattheyare
accomplishing, thiswill help themtoavoidslackingandfailure e.g.anarmyrecruit wouldneedto
have some motivationinordertocontinue theircareerwithoutany idleness andcarelessness.This
feature isa personal skill because itisupto the personas to whetherthey decidetobe self-
motivatedornot.
Leadershipqualities
Thisis whenyouundertake a particulartaskand get otherstofollow whatyouhave instructed.This
skill isimportantinITindustryas itdemonstrations tothe employerthatthey are willingtobe in the
leadof othersand therefore help toachieveall the developments withinthe ITindustry.There are
several attributes thateachpersonshouldhave inordertobecome arespectable leaderandthese
include:reliability,goodcommunicationskills,commitment,timemanagementandhonesty.
Leadershipqualitiesbringseveral benefitsasapersonal attribute,one of whichisthat the individual

2. wouldbe able to understandandinstruct otherworkerssothat theycan complete aprojectquickly
and more effectively. The disadvantage tohavingthisattribute isthatthe individual couldbecome
too controllinganddistribute toomuch workforthe assistantstohandle. InmyownopinionI
considerleadershipqualitiestobe anessential characteristicadue to the fact that an employeewith
leadershipqualitieswouldshow appropriate judgementinvital situationsfortheirrespective job.
Some examplesof highlyregardedleadershipqualitiesare:
Integrity Honesty Humility Courage
Commitment Sincerity Passion Confidence
Positivity Wisdom Determination Compassion
Sensitivity Inspire Beliefin
Others
Charisma Adaptabilityof Styles
Leadershipqualitiesisarange of many abilities thataleadermustpossess, suchaskeepingtheir
teamorganisedandmakingsure that everyone inthe teamiscontent.E.g.the managerof a
companysuch as Tescowouldneedtomake sure everyone is able toaccomplishtaskswithno
hesitationoranyproblems.Thisskill isboth apersonal and a technical characteristicassome people
are naturallyable totake control of a teamand otherpeople cantrainto become leaderof ateam.
Respect
Thismeanshavinga constructive mood towards yourself andothers.Employersshouldbe respectful
theirstaff andcustomers as-well as belief inwhattheycando.In thiscase confidence is mainly
importantas itallows the workertotreat themselves andeveryone else equally. Respectisatrait
that should be abundantinthe workplace fora better,more professional workingenvironment. It’s
veryadvantageoustohave respectforbothemployersandemployees asitwill strengthen the bond
that theyneedtoworkas a team.By havingthisrespecttheyare able towork more efficientlyasa
teamtherefore allowingabusinesstohave an enhancedperformance. The downside of having
respectisthat if the workershave too muchrespectforeach otherthentheymay slackat theirwork
and notperformthe bestin theirjob. I thinkthatrespectisa necessaryaspecttohave withina
businessenvironment sothatthe staff are able towork togetherandcomplete anygiventaskswith
efficiency.
Respectisone of the mostimportantthingsevery employee needs,beingkindandmature toothers.
E.g. a businesssuchasCarphone Warehouse wouldneedworkersthatare respectful andmature so
theyare able totalk to theircustomers ina polite demeanour.Thisisatechnical qualityaspeople
can learnto have respectandbe polite toothers.
Dependability
Thisis whenthe employercountsonthe employeestodowhatis essential forthatjob. It’salso
whenthe ownertruststhe workerswithcertainactivitiessuchasbeingorganisedforworkontime
and finishingall the tasksaskedforthe day.It can include helpingotherswhen the workerdone with

3. theirtasks,to make the employermore gratified andthusdisplayingtheirinteresttowork. A benefit
of havingdependablestaff isthatyoucan relyon themto complete worktoan appropriate standard
or helpoutif a situationwere toarise.The downsidetobecomingtoodependable isthatif a person
doesn’tperformasintended,thentheycouldcostthe companya large sumof money.Inmyopinion
I considerdependabilitytobe a valuable assettoanycompanyand if theirworkforce isreliablethen
theywill performtothe companystandardsmakinga businessmore successful.
Beingdependable isanotherformof beingreliable.E.g. university studentswouldrelyontheir
lecturertoteach themthe correct work.Thisis a personal skill aspeople are unable to learnhow
theycan be dependable.
Punctuality
Thisis whenthe employeesarriveatthe correct time to workand are well equippedtotake onany
task setby theirsupervisor.Thisisvital in anIT dedicated department,asitshowsthe employerthat
theirstaff are organisedforworkon time. Beingpunctual ishelpful forgoodworkingpractices
across any firmor establishment.It isadvantageousasitwill maximise the time proficiency forany
tasksthat are time sensitive.If anemployee wasn’tpunctual thentheycouldfall behindinworkand
cost the establishmentagreatdeal if theydon’tcomplete essential jobswithinthe specificperiodof
time. Iagree withthese statementsaspunctualitymustbe keptinall establishmentsandprocedures
shouldbe putin place to punishanyworkerswhodoare notpunctual and upsettingthe system.
Beingpunctual isalsosignificant,asthisisbasedon theirtimingfordifferentactivitiessuchasbeing
earlyto work. Anexample of thiswouldbe that if a teacherislate to work then they couldmiss their
lessonwhichcouldaffectthe education of theirstudents.Thisisatechnical attribute asa personcan
resolve theirpredicamentof beinglate byleavingearlier,forexample.
ProblemSolving
Thisis whenthe personnelundertakeacertainproblemand solve itbyworkingon a solution.Itis
reallyimportantinthe ITdepartmentasit showsthe managerthat his/herworkersdoeverythingto
solve the problemandfindthe bestresolution. Anadvantage of havingproblemsolvingskillsisthat
an employeewouldbe able toexamine asituationandasa resultchoose toperformthe necessary
requirementstoeitherminimise orstopanyimpactsfrom occurring. It’sdisadvantageoustohave
problemsolvingskillsasa workerif theyare unsure on whatresponse theyshouldtake aftera
hindrance.Iimagine thatproblemsolvingskillsare one of the widestusedattributesamongst
businessesinamoderneraas manycompaniesrelyontheiremployeestotake care of any
obstructionsthattheycome across withas muchefficiencyas possible.
There are a fewessentialstepstofollow whilstproblemsolving,theseare:
Identifythe
Problem
Definethe
Problem
Examinethe
Options
Act ona Plan Lookat the
Consequences
Thismeanswhena personor a group of people come togethertotryand workout the solutionof a
problem.E.g.an electrician wouldneedthisattribute asitisvital thathe isable to sort outthe
problemsof the manydifferentwiresandfuses. Problemsolvingisalsoa technical attribute as
people canpractice and trainthemselvesto getbetteratit.

4. Determination
The determinationisanambitionthatapersonhas,makingthem wantsto fulfil projectsand
complete themappropriately. A benefitof determination isthatitshowsif a workerismotivationto
complete tasksandpushothersto complete theirstoo.Determinationshowshardworkingskills
necessaryforaccomplishingataskto an upmostdegree of quality. The determinationthataperson
has can be assessedbytheirdrive andmotivationtoperformspecifictasks.Inmyopinion,every
workershouldhave determinationtoperformtheirtaskswithproficiencyandinan economical
manner.
Thisis whensomeone iscommittedtosomethingtheyhave made adecisiontocomplete;itis
similartothe word motivation.Thisisapersonal attribute asa personcannotdecide whetherthey
are determinedtodosomething,itjustcomesnaturally. InmyownopinionIthinkthat
determinationisjustasnecessaryas any otherpersonal attribute asitisthe gatewayformotivation
and givesthemthe necessaryenergytocompleteworkeffectively.
IndependentWorkers
Thisis the pointat whichsomebodytakesashotat theirownparticularto accomplishtheirwork
withno outside help.Atthe pointwhenaheadhonchoutilizesanotherindividual,theywill take a
ganderat the abilitiesthatyouneedtocheckwhetheryoufulfiltheirneeds.ITdivisionwill take a
ganderat autonomousworkingwhichisvital asitgivesthe headhonchoa seeingonhow youchip
away at yourown.
Independentworkersare people whoare able toworkon theirownanddo not reallyneedanyform
of guidance.E.g.anIT techniciancouldneedthisattribute astheyworkalone andhave to sortout
the problemsontheirown.Thisisa personal attribute asbeingindependentcomesnaturallytoa
person.
TimeManagement
Thisimpliesoverseeingtime productivelysothatthe rightactionis completedforthe perfect
measure of time.Thisistrulyessential toabusinessasitdemonstratesthatyouare mindful of what
youneedto doand to what extentyououghttodo everyassignment.Itwill advantage the IToffice,
as a percentage of the errandsare prolonged.
Thisis whena personisable touse theirtime wiselyandisable toreach deadlineswithworkthatis
at full potential.E.g.ateacherwouldhave deadlinesforplanningdifferentlessons,if he/she failsto
reach these deadlinestheirlessonswouldhave tobe improvised.Thisisatechnical attribute
because anindividual cancontrol theirtime management. Inmyjudgement,time managementis
necessaryto make any organisationefficientastime wastingoftenleadstoadecrease in
productivityandasa resultwouldcosta companymoney.
TeamWorking
Thisis the pointat whicha gatheringof individualscooperatebysettlingonchoicesandsharing
thoughtsonwhat can thingsbe enhancedandby whatmeanstheywouldbe able toenhance it.This
istrulyvital in the IT office asitdemonstratesthe boss thatyou have the capacityto participate with
othersinyour groupwithno issues.

5. Beingable towork as a teamwithouthavinganydilemmasandsucceedingtogetherbycompletinga
task.E.g. a football teamwouldhave toworkasa teaminorderto score goalsand winthe match.
Thisis a personal attribute asyoucannotlearnto work withothers.
Written, Numerical and Verbal Skills
Thisis a way thatindividualsimpartbetweenone another.There are twomethodsfor
correspondence withothers,whichare howevercomposednumerical andverbal aptitude.A few
individualsmayincline towardthe verbal abilityinlightof the factthatits lessdemandingforthem
yeta fewindividualsmayfavourcomposednumerical onthe groundsthattheylike itbetter.Bothof
propositionsare trulyimperative inthe ITdivisionasitdemonstratesthe managerthatyouhave the
capacityto utilize numericinformationandverballycorrespondwithothersinanoffice.
Usingmathematical ideasinthe workyouproduce.E.g.a scientistwouldhave tohave mathematical
knowledge inordertocome upwithnew equations.Thisisatechnical attribute because aperson
can improve theirnumeracyskillsjustbypracticing. Verbal skillsare beingable tocommunicate
clearlyandspecifically withthe personyouare talkingto.E.g.a teacherwouldneedtohave this
attribute asit isimportantthat theyare capable of communicatingwiththe studentswithnoissues.
Thisis technical attribute asa personisable toimprove theirverbal skills bypracticingandreading
whichwouldexpandtheirvocabularyandimprove theirgrammar.
PlanningandOrganisational Skills
Thisis one of the crucial aptitudesinanyworkto accomplishacertainobjective.These aptitudes
helpworkerstostay concentratedontheirassignmentsandmanufacture certainty.Itpermitsto
snappyspeculationandchoice making.Thisisimperativeinthe ITdivisionasitdemonstratesthe
managerthat youare willingtodothe majorityof the above.
Beingable tocome upwitha blueprintof the ideasyouhave come upwith.You can alsouse other
skillstocome up withthese ideas,e.g.Brainstorms. Beingable tokeepeverythingarrangedintheir
rightplaces whilstnothavinga lackof motivation.E.g.ashopkeeperwouldneedtokeep theirdrinks
and foodsindifferentgroups. Ithinkthatplanningandorganisational attributesare required by
businessesthathave time limitationsandwantto hire people whocanhelpthe companybecome
more productive.Therefore itisverynecessaryforcompaniesthatwantpeople whoare goodwith
coordinatingtheirworkintheirworkspace.
Good Working Practices
FollowingOrganisational Procedures
Thisis followingthe procedurestodowiththe organisational structure.Anemployerwouldlike
theiremployeestofollowthese proceduresbecause theywill thenbe alotmore efficient. Being
efficientisimportantinITbecause if itisurgentthat some equipmentneedstobe fixedbefore a
certaintime bybeingan efficientitismore likelytobe fixedontime.Followingorganisational
procedureswouldhelpthis.These twoskillswouldbe valuedbyemployerssince if theydidn'tfollow
these procedurestheywouldbe unlikelytofollow instructionsfromtheirmanager. Thiscouldthen
slowdownthe speedof the workwhichwouldthenresultinthe companymakingalowerprofit.

6. Adheringto Legislation
By adheringtolegislationmeansthatthe subjectinquestionfollowsanylawsandregulationssetby
theirlocal government.Anyemployerwouldwantanemployeethatcomplieswiththe rulesand
regulationsthattheirgovernmenthassetforthem.Anexample of thiswouldbe thattheir
employeeswouldhave tomakessure thattheyare not breachingthe dataprotectionact and
followingthe standardisedlawssetoutbythe companyand government.AnITworkershouldn’tbe
able to distribute personal informationtothe public,otherwisetheywouldbe breakingthe law and
wouldhave tobe prosecutedaccording. Employerswouldbe more likelytohire applicantswho
followlegislationbecause thenthere willbe lessriskof incidentshappening.
Healthand Safetyat WorkAct (1974)
By law,itis compulsoryasan employertominimise the risksof healthandsafety. The healthand
safety act wascreatedin 1974 inorder topreventthe healthandsafetyissueswithinabusiness.The
general dutiesthatemployershave towardsmembersof the publicandemployees,andemployees
have to themselvesandeachotherare setby the act. Therefore I amnow writingsome of the main
risksof each healthandsafetyandhow youcan overcome andpreventthese risks.
As computersplayaneverincreasingrole inthe economicenvironmentmanybusinessshould
choose to investin highquality equipmenttohelpprotecttheirworkersastheyperformspecific
tasks. Many differentmedical issuescanarise fromimproper use of moderntechnologywhichis
addressedbyhealthandsafetylegislationforcompaniestoadhere by. The majority of problems
relatingtocomputerare oftenminorinjuriesthatare easyto handle and completelypreventable
but establishmentsneedtoupholdthe legislationtoprotecttheirstaff. Some formsof dangersthat
the healthandsafetyact shouldmanage wouldbe repetitivestraininjury,eyestrainandcomputer
stress. Repetitive straininjury(RSI) occurswhenamemberof staff performsthe same taskona
computerovera prolongamountof time,so muchso that the softbody tissues andtendonsare
damaged. Thishindrance thatRSIcan puton a workercan be inmany formswiththe commonest
beingtightness,discomfort,stiffness,sorenessorburninginthe hands,wrists,fingers,forearms,or
elbows.Eyesstrainisaprominentissue intoday’seconomicclimate andmanypeople have
apparentlysufferedfromitseffectswhile workingwithtechnologiessuchasa computerscreen.
Some impactsof eye strainare double vision,temporaryshort-sightednessandvisual tiredness.
Computerusage hasn’tbeendirectlylinkedwitheye strainbutresearchsuggests thatsmall vision
defectsmaystart to cause problemswhencarryingoutmore visuallydemandingtasks. Computer
TheLaw Dangers Preventions
Health and
Safety at Work
Act (1974)
 RSI (Repetitive straininjury):
performingthe same task
repeatedly
 Stress: operatingcomputers,
inabilitytogetthe computerto
performdesiredfunction
 WorkingEnvironment:
ergonomics,lighting,clutter,
layoutof equipment,wires,food
and drink
 Physical prevention - breaks,stretches,
ergonomicworkenvironment,
appropriateequipment- wristwrests,
backsupport,optimalheightforseating
and viewing screen
 Technical prevention - Shortcuts,help,
colour

7. stressisanotherlarge factor that the healthandsafetyact focuseson.Sometimesacomputer
doesn’trespondproperlytothe operator’sspecificationsandasa resulttheymaybecome
frustratedandstressed.Stresscancause a whole hostof problemsespeciallyforpeople whoare
underconstantstresswithintheirworkplace. Stressedemployeesare more susceptible toother
healthproblemsincludingheartdiseaseandulcers. Peoplecanalsosufferdirectconsequencesfrom
stressas isan illness initsown right, whichcancause long-termabsence fromwork. There are many
possible preventionsthatcan be appliedtohelpstopanyproblemsfromarisinginthe firstplace.
These are:
 Takingregularbreaksfromworkingat yourcomputera few minutesatleastonce an hour
 Alternatingworktasks
 Regularstretchingtorelax yourbody
 Usingequipmentsuchasfootrests,wristrestsanddocumentholdersif youneedto
 Keepingyourmouse andkeyboardatthe same level
As-well asphysical prevention,several technological precautions mustbe adoptedtohelpstopany
injuriesfromoccurring. These preventions caninclude severalfactorslike keyboards,monitors,
mouse,chairs,deskspace andphysical environment.If abusinesswere toaccountfor all these
factors thentheywouldbe able tosustainaneffective approachtohealthandsafetyconcerning
theircomputerdepartmentsandthere wouldbe adramaticreductionininjuryasa result.
Data ProtectionAct(1998)
The data protectionact was made in1998 as a defence againstinformationfraud.Atthe turnof the
20th centurya lotmore businessesandpeopledecidedtostore dataontotheircomputersandon
the internet.Thismade itmore likelytohave theirdatastolenandtheirinformationdisclosed.
The Data ProtectionActisthe one of the most importantpiecesof UKlaw & legislationconcerning
the protectionof personal data.Thisregulationwasintroducedsothatthe UK legislationwasinline
withthe EU Data ProtectionDirective of 1995. The Directive made itnecessaryforall Membersof
the EU to protectpeople'sessential rights&freedoms.The DPA mainlytargetsany
business/organisationwhetheractive orinactive,thatretainspersonal dataona computeror a form
of sortingsystem.Thisdatamustbe securelyprotectedandsatisfythe regulationsof the data
protectionact.There are 8 mainprinciplestothe data protectionactthat needto be maintainedby
the law.

8. In-orderforthe informationtocomplywiththe dataprotectionact itmust be usedfairlyand
lawfully,thisreferstohowthe personal dataisbeingprocessed.The personal datashouldbe kept
out of the reach of people whowoulduse the dataforunethical purposesforexample,usingthe
informationtoharasssomeone fortheirsexual health.The personal datashouldonlybe used or
spokenof whennecessaryandnotinoverexcessive amounts.Thisallowsforbetterconfidentiality
and helpsstopthe potential spreadof sensitive information.Anexampleof thiscouldbe the
medicationof achildbeingtoldtotheirteacher,sothat the teachercan act accordinglytothe
child’ssituation.The datamustbe accurate andhandledinaccordance withthe specificdata
protectionrights.Thisisimportantsothat there isn’tanymiscommunicationthatcouldresultina
life threateningsituation,alsothe datashouldbe processedproperlytostopanyone unintended
fromreadingthe data. It’svital that the personal dataiskeptsecurelyandforthe amountof time
appropriate,thiswill helppreventthe sensitive informationfrombeingstolen andmisusedbyboth
internal andexternal parties.The same isalsoapplicable tothe transferof datawithoutsuitable
safeguards,since whendataistransferreditmustbe done ina protectedandappropriate method
to minimalize the theftof information. Personal data,especiallythe sensitivedatamustalways
remainprotectedandsecure.Thisisbecause these typesof informationcouldbe usedina
discriminatingmanner,soitshouldbe handledwithbettercare thanotherformsof personal data.
The processingof sensitivepersonaldataneedstosatisfyatleastone of the regulationsfor
processingthatparticularpiece of information,suchasthe co-workersof the employeeshouldn’tbe
able to see whatreligiousbeliefsthe memberof staff hasunlesstheyallow thempermission.
Dependingonthe circumstancesdifferentconditionswouldapply.The categoryof the data isalsoa
factor indecidinghowmuch/whatformof securityisappropriate touse onthe personal

9. information.Althoughthe dataprotection actmainlyprotectsaperson’s sensitivedata,italso
protectsvaluable datafromtheft,suchas a company’s businessideaswhere arival corporationmay
attemptto steal the plansof a newproduct/service.The dataprotectionactcan thenbe usedto
shieldthe importantinformationin-ordertopreventsuchsituations. The dataprotectionactis
followedcloselybythe freedomof informationactas theybothhave conflictingmotivesbuthave to
workin conjunctionwitheachother. The Freedomof informationactisa piece of British
governmentlegislationthatallowsthe publictoaskan organisationtodivulge certaindetailsabout
theircompany.The act givesindividualsastatutoryrighttoexamine the informationheldby
Governmentbranchesandpublicorganisations.
ComputerMisuseAct
The ComputerMisuse Act1990 wasintroducedin-ordertodeal withcomputerhacking.Itcomprises
of three mainoffencestodowithillegal actionsinvolvingcomputers:Firstlythere isabasichacking
offence,whichinvolvesthe unauthorisedaccesstoanyprogram or data storedwithinacomputer.
Secondly,it’s acrime to try andattemptto execute anoffence with intenttocommitthe crime.The
lastsubdivisioncontainsthe offence of performinganyunauthorisedacttoa computerwithhostile
intent.Thisincludes, impairingthe processesof anycomputer,tostopor obstruct accessto any
program or data retainedinacomputer,to damage the operationof the programsor the accuracy
of the computerdata & knowingthatany alterationintendedtobe happenisunauthorised.Hacking
isusedto describe the unauthorisedaccesstoa computer,itis usuallyaimedatorganisationsand
oftencauses problemsthrough financial disruption.Fraudandtheftisoftenthe case withmany
formsof computermisuse,where anindividual withillegallytrytochange computerinputdata so
that theymaybetterthemselves.Cardnotpresentfraudinvolvesthe stealingof valuable bankcard
detailsviamisleadingwebsitesorcomputerviruses.The denialof service attacksiswhere hackers
try and overloadnetworksystemssothattheycrash and become unusable,theseusuallyoccuron
businesses/institutesin-ordertocause economicinterference.
The computermisuse act alsocoversotherformsof legal issuesrelatedtothe use of information.
There are a lotof formsof computermisuse thatare classifiedunderthe computermisuseact1990,
one of the biggestandmostcontroversial ispornography.Some formsUKlegislationmake itillegal
to distribute materialthattendstodegrade andcorrupt there viewers.Thisisusuallybecausethe
contentmay be classedasindecentorexplicitcontentandnotmeantforpublicviewing.Highly
sensitivetopicsinvolvingonline pornographygenerallyinclude the viewing,possession,makingand
distributionof offensiveimagesof childrenorseriousstalking/harassmentenabledbymodern
formsof communicationtechnologies.If anindividual wasfoundguiltyof computermisuse then
theywouldface criminal prosecution.If the criminal activitywaslocatedonanorganisations
computerthenthat businesscouldsuffermajorreputational damage if itisnotseentobe
performingproperly.Online sexual groomingisanotherformof computermisuse,itisa crime to
befriendachildonthe internetorby othermeansandto meetor intendtomeetthe childwiththe
intentionof abusingthem. The computermisuse act1990 prohibitsadultsfromengagingin
inappropriate behavioursuchas sexual conversationswithchildrenonline.Itisalsoillegal toconceal
the knowledge of anysuchactivitieswithinanorganisation. Extreme material involvesthe
possessionof pornographicinformationwhichisgraphicandsexuallyexplicitandmay contain
realisticscenesoractual depictionsof seriousviolence,bestialityornecrophilia.The computer
misuse actcan helppreventthe distribution of these materialsovertelecommunicationstoreduce
the severityandimpactonthe internet.Other issuesrelatedtothe use of informationinclude the

10. incitementof racial/religioushatred&online harassment. Cyberbullyingisacrime that has been
recentlymade more aware due toits psychological effects,especiallyonyouths.
CopyrightLegislation
Copyrightisa legallyenforceable propertyrightthatmakesitpossible forthe holderof thatrightto
profitfromtheircreation. The copyrightlawspreventothersfromexploitingthe workof the creator
withoutthe rightsholder'spermissionforasetperiodof time. Copyrightlaw guardsthe expression
of ideasfrommisuse butnotthe actual ideaitself. Intellectual propertylaw letspeopleownthe
ideas/worktheyproduce. Intellectual propertyrightsare privilegesgrantedtoinventorsandowners
of creationsthatare the outcome of humanintellectual creativity. These creationscanbe
specialisedinmanyformsof practice fromthe industrial toscientific/literaryorevenartisticfieldsof
expertise. Forexample,theserightscanapplytosoftware,businessnames,manuscriptsand
inventions.Copyright legislationinthe UKhaschangedoverthe yearsto suitthe modernera.In
conjunctionwithcomputercopyrightissues,the UKgovernmenthave made revisionstorecognise
the digital age in2003 to amendany faultsthatwere presentinthe copyright,designsandpatents
act 1988. The copyrightlegislationisconstantlyupdatedtomaximiseefficiencyandfix andgapsin
the regulations.The ownerof the copyrightmaterial solelycontrol the rightstothe material they
branded,buttheycan make dealswithotherpartiestouse theircreationundertheirtermsand
conditions.The ownerscanalsosell theirrightstotheirproductif theysodesire,thiscanletother
partiesgainprofitfromtheirideawhile theystill make money.The durationof anycopyright is
reliantonseveral factorssuchas, the style of workprotected,whetherthe ideaisdistributedor
undistributed,whetherthe creatoriswell knownfortheirworkor not,and whetherotherpossible
measuresfrompreviouscopyrightlegislationapplyto the situation.Copyrightinfringementoccurs
whenone of the copyrightowner’screationsare usedbya party withoutthe consentorapproval of
the copyrightowneror whenthe partyis outof termswiththe legislation,andisreferredtoas
primaryinfringement.Secondaryinfringementoccurswiththe partiesassociation,wheretheyare
marketinganddistributingproductsthattheyshouldn’thave the rightsto.Thiscausesmajorissues
on computersystemsespeciallywithsoftware andmusic,since theyare ofteneasilycopiesand
distributedwithoutthe owner’s permission.
ContractsofEmployment
If an establishmentwantedtohire newworkersthentheywill draw upacontract of employment
that has all the necessarylegal termsandconditionsstatedintext. If anemployee ishiredthenthey
can choose to negotiate whatroles,dutiesand termsthey wantstatedontheircontract and it’sthe
company’sjobto complywiththemorlookfor anothercandidate.The jobdescriptionisalsoan
importantrole whenhiringanewstaff member. The jobdescriptionwillbe usedtoidentifywhat
role and duties theywantaworkerto performwhilstcarryingouttheirdesiredoccupation.

11. M1: explain the different personal skills that employers may require for
specific IT job roles
NetworkIT Technician
An IT technicianwillhave tohave greatnumeracyskillstofulfiltheirworkata professionallevel. As
all analogue informationneedstobe adaptedintodigital data,there isa lotof maths involvedinthe
computerscience field. Mathswill be neededconstantlythroughoutanITbasedjobso havinga
goodunderstandingof itwill be necessaryforyoutogetthroughyour degree.
For all typesof Informationtechnologyjobrolesthe employee wouldneedtohave anabundance of
enthusiasmand apassion fortechnology.Technologychangesata rapidpace, especiallyinan IT
basedenvironment.Peoplewhohave alove fortechnologywillhave agreatadvantage against
othercandidatesforan IT centredjob.
Great communicationskills are alsoanessential attribute neededinanoffice environment.Inany
environmentyouwill be spendingalotof time workingwithotherpeople andyouwill constantlybe
incontact withmany fellow employees. Beingable tocommunicate andinteractwithotherswill
helpensure thatyou excel asa teamand be more productive forthe company.
The use of presentationabilities isnecessarytothisjobrole asan It technician.Anycomputer
engineersshouldexpecttohave greatpresentationskills touse inan IT base environment.Although
thisisa highlyscientificcareer a greatdeal of creativity goesintothe process.Youwill needto
presentyourideasandthoughtstoother workers ina waythat is rational andattractive.

12. WebsiteDesigner
A website designerisoftenahighlyvaluedjobrole inthe ITcommunity.Theyhave tohave a range
of skillsandmuchexperience in-ordertosuccessfullyremainsustainableinabusinessenvironment.
Theyshouldhave essential skillsinsoftwareprogrammingas-well ascomputergraphicssothatthey
are able toproperlyproduce a professional website thatcustomersare able tooperate effectively.
A webdesignerneedstobe a logical thinker.Behindthe technical ability,theywill needtobe really
practical and have the right mental staminatoworkon projectsforhourson end.For example,
whendesigninge-commerce websites,itwouldbe logical toinclude obviousmenusandmarkers
throughout.Thiswill allow the usertoeasilynavigate betweenall the differentpagestheyhave
previouslyviewed.
Webdesign involveshavinganattentiontodetail byrepeated checkingthe programmingstage
where theywill sometimesneedtogooverthe same webpage againand againto make sure
everythingisinorder.Forexample whencreatingane-shop,theycouldgothe extramile by
includingcurrencyiconsonall the prices or whendesigningageneral website,theycanhave a
consistentcolourall onthe differentwebpages.
A gooddesignershouldbe highlycreative andbe able tocome upwithcontentthat will differentiate
themselvesfromeveryoneelse.Once thisisdone, theywill needtoclearlyimplementtheirideasin
crispwords,imagesanddesigns.Thiswill ensurethatthe website standsoutandgivesthemortheir
clientthe artisticedge overcompetitors.Intruth,natural talentisnecessaryandmostof the skills
come from hard workand commitment.Forexample,noone isbornwiththe inherentabilitytoweb
design,itissomethingtheylearnanddevelopastheygetolder.
A website designerwillneedtobe agood teamplayerwithexcellentinterpersonal skills.For
example,theywill needtohave conflictmanagementtodeal withall the variousclientsand
colleaguesatwork.Theywill have toworkwithotherpeople inanefficientandproductivemanner,
evenif theydon’tgetalongwitheachother.Also,if they decide tosetuptheirowncompany,they
will needtounderstandthe dynamicsof runningasmall business.

13. SoftwareDeveloper
Software developersneedtohave asetof skillswhichisconstantlyevaluatedandtestedby
managersand co-workers. Technologymovestoofastto keepupwithitall so a software developer
will have tonarrowtheirfocusto specificareasof interestandbecome anexpertthose areas.
Especiallysince technologyisonlyatool for implementingsoftware designs.If the developerhasa
solidunderstandingas-wellasthe abilitytoworkinmanydifferentlayersof anapplicationincluding
aspectssuch as the userinterface orevenwithbackenddatabase code thentheywill be considered
a valuable teammember.
Developersmustbe able tocommunicate software designsclearlyandeffectivelywithmanagers,
businessanalystandotherteammembers.The abilitytoanalyse businessrequirementsand
produce functional specificationanddesigndocumentationiscritical.Documentation shouldbe
writtenconciselycoveringall the businessrequirements.Attimes,itmaybe necessarytopresent
your software designtoalargergroup inthe form of a presentation.Presentationsrequire strong
verbal communicationskillsandthe use of visual aidsare beneficial.The abilitytocommunicate
your ideasclearlyinfrontof a groupof people isessential tocareeradvancement.
Time managementisanessential skill inthe developer’stool belt.A developerwhohasgoodtime
managementskillscan consistentlydeliverprojectsontime.This,inturn,will earnyouthe respect
and confidence of projectmanagers.Effective time managementrequiresthe abilitytomulti-task
and delegate.Multi-taskingallowsthe developertojuggle multipletaskatone time.Delegation
enablesmulti-taskingbyallowingthe developertodistribute andoffloadtaskstoalternate
resources.Thinkof multi-taskinganddelegationasconcurrencyinthe workplace,each
employee/departmentisaworkerthread,delegate ataskand move onto the next.

14. IT Job Personal Skill
NetworkEngineer The bestpersonal skillsandattributesrequiredforthisjobmightbe time managementand
planningandorganisational skills.Theseskillswill helpthe employee tobe creative and
focused onthe networkingandalsoallow tofastthinkinganddecision-making.Time
managementwouldalsobe importantbecauseyouwouldhave tomanage time towork
successfully.
NetworkManager As a mangertheyare requiredtohave a certainsetof attributes. These attributesare
Leadershipqualitiesandorganizational skills.Leadershipqualitiescome inhandymainly
whenyou’re aleader,thereforeamanagerwouldhave a similarsortof role.A manager
needstobe able to leadthe teamand take charge; thisgiveshim/herfullresponsibilityof
the whole team.Theyalsoneedtohave organizational skillsthisisbecause theyneedtobe
able to keepthe whole businessrunningefficiently.Lackof organizational skillscouldlead
to employeesnotbeinghappywiththeirjobandcouldbringthe businesstoa lowerlevel.
ComputerGame
Developer
A computergame developerwillneedtobe verycomputerliteratein-ordertoperform
efficientlyattheirjob.Theywouldneedanabilitytoworktodeadlinesas-well asan
understandingof legislationandguidelinesforwebsite accessibility.ThisITrole mayalso
require awillingnesstokeepuptodate withchangesintechnologyandsoftware asthere
are constantupdatesthatchangesmoderntechnology.
Software
Developer
Software developersmustalwaysbe uptodate onthe structure andcreationof the latest
hardware and programs.Theyshouldbe fluentinmore thanone type of development
language.A Software developermusthave experience withanalytical skillsas-wellashad
knowledge of acommercial information.
SystemsAnalysis A systemanalystmusthave excellentcommunicationskillsastheywill workwithclients
and IT professionalsrequiringthe abilitytocommunicate inbothtechnicalandnon-
technical language.Theyshouldworkasan individualas-wellaswithinagroupas teamwork
isalso requiredforsome aspectsof theirjob.
Database
Administrator
The database administratorhasto have excellentorganisationandmanagerialskillsasthey
are expectedtoleadateamof workers.Theyare expectedtobe clearandformal when
communicatingwiththeirstaff astheyneedtogive complex instructionsthattheir
employeeswill understand.ITdatabase administratorswill needtohave a decent
understandingof the businessdemandsthatwill needtobe metintheirfieldof work.
IT Technician IT technicianshave ajobthat is quite challengingandPuzzling,the mainskillsneededto
accomplishthisjobisProblemsolvingandIndependentworking. Problemsolvingisone of
the mainaspectsof thisjob.A technicianwillneedthismainlybecausehisjobistosolve
problemswithacomputer.He needstobe able to come up witha solutiontofix the
computer.Theyalsoneedtobe independentworkersbecause theyworkalone andneedto
be able to sort out problemsontheirown.Some techniciansworkinateamand therefore
needteamworkinorder to come togetherandsort outa problemonthe computer
amongstthem.
WebDesigner The bestpersonal skills andattributesrequiredforthisjobmightbe planningand
organisational skills.Thisisbecause youwill needtobe creative whenproducingaweb
design.Alsoyoucoulduse writtenandnumerical andverbal skillstocommunicate with
othersthroughoutspeakingorwritinginordertofindoutwhat customerswouldlike tosee
on the website.

15. Programmer The bestpersonal skillsandattributesrequiredforthisjobmightbe teamworkingand
leadershipskills.Thisisbecause youwillbe incharge of the programmingas well asworking
ina teamwithothersto have more ideasandmake decisionstogethertoproduce a gooda
successful program.