Construction & Management

1. In Plant Training
PROMOTION OF VILLA
-Gs Mohan (1011210335)

2. CASA GRANDE focus on “Promotion of Villa”
STEPS IN PROMOTION OF VILLA:
• FEASIBILITY OF LAYOUT
• VILLA APPROVAL FROM LOCAL BODIES LIKE DTCP
• FEASIBILITY OF INFRASTRUCTURE LIKE STP
• PLANNING FOR VILLA
• COSTING
• EXECUTION OF VILLA LIKE PLASTERING,PAINTING,TILE FINISHING,WIRING,PLUMBING ,ETC..
• DELIVERY

3. TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION:
Villa – 112 nos.
Row House – 64 nos.
VILLA ROW HOUSE
Ground +2 Designed Structures Ground +2 Designed Structures
1600 sq.ft land area ,
Built up area 2325 sq.ft
Land Area 700 sq.ft
Built Up Area 1121 sq.ft
18 acre expanse 18 acre expanse
4 Bed Rooms and 2 Living Rooms 2 Bed Rooms and 2 Living Rooms
Two Exclusive Car Parks Two Exclusive Car Parks
Exclusive Garden Area & Open Terrace Space Exclusive Garden Area & Open Terrace Space
Contemporary New Age Architecture
& Dinning Area Opening to Garden
Contemporary New Age Architecture
& Dinning Area Opening to Garden

4. BRICK:
SOLID BLOCK,AERAGON BLOCK,NORMAL BLOCK,HOLLOW BLOCK
SOLID BLOCK for wall or block construction ,
CONCRETE:
M20 (cement: sand: gravel=1: 1.5: 3), M25 (cement: sand: gravel=1: 1: 2)
REINFORCEMENT:
Fe500
WOOD:
Dock wood, ascetic purpose in Elevation.
Thick wood or Rubber wood used for windows and Doors.

5. VILLA APPROVAL FROM LOCAL BODIES LIKE DTCP
Approval for Villa Promotion is Non-Corporative Limit.
If the land area is more than one acre, DTCP Approval and Local Bodies counter sign is
Required.
FEASIBILITY OF INFRASTRUCTURE LIKE STP
Generally water has two types of hardness one is Temporary hardness and other is
Permanent hardness.
In the site we have two types of Treatment plants they are:
Water Treatment Plant (WTP)
Sewage Treatment Plant(STP)

6. PLUMBING:
There are two types of plumbing system. They are
Internal Plumbing.
External Plumbing.
INTERNAL PLUMBING:
There are two methods of internal plumbing they are
Wall mounted closet
Floor mounted closet

7. DECK

8. PLANNING FOR VILLA AND ROW HOUSE:
There are two types of planning .
Pre Planning.
Post Planning.
Pre Planning is the one in which planning is done before starting of any project and Post Planning is the one in which
planning is made after the starting of the work.
Generally for construction of Villas. Engineers follow "120 DAYS MANTRA"
It means a Villa should be completed within 120 days.
The steps are as follow:
Footing work
Plinth beam 20 days
Basement 10 days
Ground floor slab 25 days
First floor slab 15 days
Second floor slab 15 days
Ground floor block work 20 days
First floor block work 15 days
After completing each and every work it should be recorded in office.

9. PLASTERING:
MESH:

10. WATER PROOFING:
Generally leakage of water occurs from the Terrace and mostly from the corners of
the wall.To avoid Leakage water proofing is used.
V-shaped groove cut is made on the coeners of the wall and it cleaned by iron
brushes. Then Ceralastic coating is laid on the terrace. Ceralastic coating contains some
Ceramic chemicals.
Above the coating we mortar of ratio 1:4:8 is laid and after that again Ceralastic
coating is laid.
And then Hantching of walls is done i.e.,making slope like structure in between the
walls and the floor is called Hantching.
Sloping is made because when the rain water falls on the sloped area it is drained to
the opening that is provided in the terrace. And above this 1:2 ratio of plastering work is
done.

11. STEPS FOLLOWED IN WATER PROOFING AT ROOF:
• Dead Mortar removal
• Beams and Bricks clearing
• Cleaning with Iron brush
• Laying of coating
• Slope work
• Using Styrene Butadyene rubber
• Final Finishing PCC is laid.

12. And for Door work, if there is any gap between the door
and the wall it is filled up the “Foam”.
And for window work, if there is any gap between the window and wall it is filled with
the chemical called “Sealant“.

13. SAFETY RULES:
Unauthorized over-age / child labor is restricted at site / labor colony.
Women workers are not allowed to work at site above 5PM.
Helmet and Safety shoes are compulsory at site work.
Nobody allow at site until safety induction, medical test and PPE’s(personal protective
equpiments) are not provide.
All personnel are required to wear a High visibility vest if working in vehicle movement
areas.
The consumption of alcohol and drugs is prohibited.
No person is to operate any mechanical plant or equipment unless they have been
trained and have been certificated as competent.

14. SAFTEY SIGN BOARDS:

15. GROUTING:
If there is any leakage in the corners of the walls Grouting is one of the method to avoid.
In this method, In a pipe Expance 250 is filled and it is injected at the damaged area or where
leakage occurs.

16. ROOF WORK:
• Initially Shuttering work.
• "TUBE LEVEL“ is used to maintain the horizontal level.
• After Beam works and slab works are done.
• Here for Beams, maximum of 16mm diameter and minimum 12mm diameter bars
are used.
• 16mm bar is placed at the upper part of beam and 12mm bar is placed at the lower
part.
• Usually rods are 12m in length and they are not enough in reinforcement so two
rods are connected by Lap joint.

17. • Finally the reinforcement rods are placed and concrete is laid.
• Beam Work:
• For checking the horizontal level of slab ,steps, etc.. Tube level is used. Tube level is the
instrument made with transparent tube which filled with water.
• By placing one end of the tube level at one level and other end at some of the structure. If on both
ends of the tube, water level remains in the same level then the structure is in correct horizontal
level.
• If there is any air bubble/obstacle in the tube it will not show the correct level.so air bubbles in the
tube should be removed.

18. ELECTRICAL WORK :
-For all the Villas and the Row houses Earthing lines are given outside the building.
-for the Villas there are
-> 34 light points
-> 7 AC points
-> 3 TV points
-> 3 Telephone points
-> 19 sockets
-> 7 fan points
->3 phase plug in used
colors of the different wires as follows:
> Earthing wire -Green color
> Power wire -Red color
> Fan wires -Yellow color
> Neutral wires -Black color

19. STAGES OF ELECTRICAL WORK:
- Ground floor work - 3 hours
- First floor work - 3 hours
- Second floor work - 1 hour
- Wall chase - 4 days
- Wiring - 2 days Inverter point:
Junction box:

20. DIFFERENT DIAMETERS OF REINFORCEMENT RODS
ARE AS FOLLOWS:
• 8mm,10mm,12mm,16mm,20mm,25mm,32mm,.and tensile strength is Fe500,Fe415
etc.,
• The unit weight of Rod is identified by d2/162 kg/m ( d is the diameter).
• In general, the length of reinforcement rod is 12 meters.

21. LAP JOINT
• If we have any structure of beam or column which exceeds the 12 meter we can join two
rods. By the way span of length that is used to join the two rods is called
"lap length".
• The lap length should be of 50 times the diameter of the rod

22. STERUPS:
CLEAR COVER:
The distance between the stirrups and the end of the beam work.

23. COSTING:
• Before taking up any kind projects first we should estimate the cost of the project and we should
take care that the project should be completed within the estimation cost.
• These kind of works are taken up by planning engineer.
• Here the estimation is done by calculating the cost of each and every substance that is used in the
construction like brick,cementetc.,
• If we are using any machineries in the work then we should take care of fuel cost and the wage of
person who is doing the work with that machine.
• For example if we are using any Cranes in the field then the driver beta and fuel that is used, is also
to be calculated.
• The basic step for calculating the cost is BOQ (Bill of quantity).
• Intially we prepare the zero cost report based on that we proceed for the further steps.
•

24. • The price of steel bars and cement in the market changes from day to day.so if we planned initially
according to the price that is in the market we will get some amount of money and if there is any
sudden increase in the market price of these materials then our estimation will be wrong.
• So to avoid that for only steel bars and cement we will prepare the ESCALAMATION CLAIM
• Costing is an office work so it is prepared in the
excel. The steps as follows
Gist, Basic cost, planning and machinery, general plant and machinery,
concrete(RMC),curinganalysis, External scafolding, shuttering analysis, shuttering abstract, Rate
analysis etc.,
• Here the rate analysis is important among the all process.

25. PAINTING:
• The main function of the painting is to reduce the corrosion of materials form the
weather.
• To decorate the structure by giving smooth and colorful finish.
• Painting the building is done after the completion of all kinds of civil works.
• So it is like makeup the structure.
STEPS FOLLOWED IN THE PAINTING THE WALL:
1) putty - 2 coats
2) primer - 1 coat
3) emulsion (internal walls) - 2 coats emulsion gives the color to the paint
Initially putty is applied over the wall

26. Scratch work is done to give smoothness to the wall. Here the wall is rubbed with the
sand paper to get the smoothness. sand paper particles may be of different micron sizes.
Use of primer is to give good bond strength between the putty and the paint.
For painting the external wall we should take care of weather conditions like rain fall,
sun light and other parameter for the selection of the paint.

27. • For painting the steel and wood the process is same as mentioned above but instead
of emulsion, “Enamel“ is used.
• After painting, the even flat surface of the wall is made by Hand or Holler . In
general Roller process is beneficial.
• Generally the time period for the painting the building depends up on the area to be
painted, number of labors available.
• But for the completion of the work it takes minimum 7 days.

28. THANK YOU