This document summarizes three case studies related to housing policy and development: 1) A slum upgrading project in Bangladesh that rebuilt 13 homes using local materials with funding from international donors. 2) A conceptual project in Singapore that combines senior housing with vertical urban farming to provide housing and employment. 3) An incremental, mixed-income housing project in India called Aranya that uses local materials and self-construction techniques.

1. PRESENTATION ON
NATIONAL HOUSING POLICY & HABITAT III
DEPARTMENT OF
ARCHITECTURE
BATCH-2014
HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
HSTU ,DINAJPUR, BANGLADESH

2. What is housing
Housing refers to houses or buildings collectively; accommodation of people;
planning or provision of accommodation by an authority. The social issue is of
ensuring that members of society have a home in which to live, whether this is
a house. Many governments have one or more housing authorities, sometimes also
called a housing ministry, or housing department.
Housing not only provides physical shelter but also has significant impact on the
lives of the dwellers in terms of skills enhancement, income generation,
increased security, health, self-confidence and human dignity

3. What is housing policy ?
The policy created by a government outlining the vision, aims and specific detail
of how it will create and provide an affordable variety of housing to meet the
current and future need including financial support .
It may be defined as government action to achieve housing objectives. These
objectives could include the improvement of the quality of the housing stock of
dwellings or dealing with homelessness

4. Who involve on housing policy?
Bangladesh housing policy authority
Housing and building research institute (HBRI)
National authority (NHA)
House building finance corporation (HBFC)
Public works department (PWD)
Digital object architecture (DOA)

5. Bangladesh national housing policy elements
Bangladesh housing policy
 Land should connected by cheap transportation system to their work places
 involvement of the private sector in land development, infrastructure development
and construction
 very poor through fixation of a special but reasonable quota for them
 Khas or vacant land should be used in this process
Land

6.  Increase the investment to meet the rapidly growing needs of serviced land and
improve settlement
 Balanced pattern of urbanization trough a policy of decentralization of investment
and incentives
 Provides proper market facilities to reduce migration to the larger city
 Water supply and sanitation
 Investment in public transport and traffic network
 Provide opportunity for community participation and recognize people’s initiatives in
the design
Infrastructure

7. Building materials and technology
 Use traditional building materials and ensure environmental preservation
 Promote low cost environmentally sound technology and the use of
indigenous resource including mud, whatever appropriate
 Increase the use of materials based on industrial and agricultural wastes
 In corporate the low cost technologies and materials
 Provide training to the community people

8.  Household savings to the formal and informal sector
 The low income housing fund may be created by government, NGO’s or
provide loan by them.
 Different agencies and institutions in the concerned with land development,
house
construction and finance
 Improvements will be effected in the housing finance in order to bring down
the cost of shelter
 Co-operative housing movement
Finance

9. Legal and Regulatory Framework
 Ensure proper rehabilitation of those displaced by projects and to
preserve user rights over forest and common lands
 Making revision of land use plans, planning and building regulation
and infrastructure standards by the Government and local
authorities
to help reduce the cost of housing
 Making suitable law conserve agricultural land, minimize wastage
of land for housing purpose

10. Integrated Housing Framework
 better integrate housing programs into decision-making
 The lack of an integrated housing framework has worked against density
and contributed to urban sprawl and segregation.
 Special attention on inequality
 their neighborhoods were more integrated into city systems.
The achievement of global housing goals will be possible
through programmatic attention to five dimensions:

11. Inclusive Housing
• Talk about for the housing for special needs groups (migrants, persons with
disabilities and HIV, older persons, gender identify, and youth, and other
marginalized groups)
• Lack of mixed use zoning regulations equally contributes to segregation
• Indigenous people and women particularly face housing discrimination

12. Affordable Housing
• the adoption of policies and measures to improve affordability of
home ownership
• Zoning and building regulations have often overlooked the importance of location
of social housing
• The dependence on energy-inefficient building designs can increase housing
costs.
• Affordability is further constrained by undeveloped partnerships for expanding
housing and government programs in the housing sector

13. Adequate Housing
Adequate housing can be evaluated applying UN-Habitat’s five factors defining a
slum
a) Access to improved water
b) Access to improved sanitation facilities
c) Sufficient living area – not overcrowded
d) Structural quality/durability of dwellings
e) Security of tenure

14. Informal Settlement Upgrading
• As the global population urbanizes, access to serviced housing is a rapidly growing
challenge. Around one quarter of the world’s urban population continue to live in
slums and informal settlements.

15. The residential housing sector of Bangladesh is characterized by a three-tier
market.
 1. The highest disposable income (less than 3% of the housing
neighbourhoods, addable to utilize bank financing or specialized housing
finance institutions.
 2. The second tier is the relatively narrow stratum of middle-income
households (representing 12 to 15 % of the housing market), who are the
main users of specialized housing financial institutions such as
Bangladesh House Building Finance Corporation (BHBFC).

3. The third and largest of the tiers is low-income households, by the
private sector, often under illegal and unsatisfactory site conditions.
Different tiers of the housing market:

16. Case study (Bangladesh)
• Jorgen Babu Mart is a slum with relatively secure land
tenure
• Jorgen Babu Mart is area of informal housing situated
approximately 2km from the centre of Dinajpur town
• the land belonged to Jorgen Babu, a Hindu land owner
who emigrated to India during the partition of India
and the former East Pakistan
• 555families were living on this land
• Mark as a flood affected area
Jorgen babur mart, Dinajpur

17. Fund collection
Australia high commission - 1 lakh
Md. Khaled ,Dhaka – 7 lakh
Mariyam kneting, Skotland -8 lakh
Dhaka women club- 1 lakh 4 thousand
• Thirteen house were build and the fund were provide by donor
• Each family bear 10% of total cost
• Bamboo , Wood, CI sheet, Mud with 5% cement
Construction materials

18. House - 1

19. House - 2

21. CASE STUDY [Singapore]
Vertical Farming Hybrid to House Singapore's Aging Population

22.  A conceptual project the blends affordable retirement housing with
urban farming.
 The proposal, titled "Home Farm,
 integrates vertical aquaporin farming and rooftop soil planting with
high-density housing designed for seniors.
 provides residents with a desirable garden environment and
opportunities for post-retirement employment.
 In the 1960s, 20,000 farms still occupied about a quarter of
Singapore’s land area and produced vegetables, fruits, rubber,
tobacco,

23.  Singapore’s high dependency on food imports makes food
security a very prominent issue
 Jobs for seniors at Home Farm could include planting,
harvesting, sorting, packing, tours, sales on site, delivery,
cleaning, and so on.
 Possibilities for the remuneration of Home Farm’s resident
workers could include: payment of salary, offsetting rental or
utilities bills, offsetting healthcare costs at the on-site clinic, or
free produce.
Its four key thrusts are:
 Enhance employment and financial security.
 Enable aging-in-place (with a barrier-free environment and
essential services in the community)
 Provide holistic and affordable healthcare and eldercare
 Promote active aging (to maintain physical and mental wellbeing
and continue contributing to society)

24.  The architecture has been conceived for economic construction
using simple materials and modular parts.
 The concept offers multi-dimensional benefits related to
economics, food security and quality, social engagement,
health, sustainability, place making, and healthcare provision.

25. CASE STUDY [india]
ARANYA COMMUNITY HOUSING

26.  ‘Aranya’ means ‘forest’ in Hindi. It is an apt name for this incremental mixed-income
 housing project by Balkrishna Doshi in Indore .
Total population of 60,000 in 6500 dwellings, on a net planning area of 85 hectares.
 Ten houses, each with a courtyard at the back, form a cluster that opens onto a street.
TYPOLOGY OF OPEN SPACES
GREENS/PATHWAYS SERVICE SLOTSPUBLIC SQUARES

27. MATERIALS AND TECHNOOGY
 Conventional and locally available building materials and construction
techniques were adopted.
 The CRC roof was always constructed at a later stage because it was a
high investment item.
 Low cost hand made CRC piles were built for the core house (latrine,
wash room
 The doors, windows, and grills were made on site by all of the residents
who made it their role.
 Railings, parapets and cornices were made to ornament the house
 The structures were constructed with load bearing brick walls.
 Walls were plastered and painted.
 Floors were made of cement concrete

28. 
The units are dense, and space is achieved through verticality and opening
rooms to one another without separating them by doors.
 each dwelling has its own entrance and stairs, giving a sense of belonging
and ownership to the dwellers.
 Majority of the spaces are used as private areas, and not all the units have
living area/public place.
 . No space has been wasted, and maximum use of space is achieved by
providing optimum spacing for circulation.
ANALYSIS OF PLANS

29.  A house plan included 2 rooms and a living area,
followed by a kitchen and a lavatory which was
constructed between the front extension, with
amulti-use courtyard at the back.
 Most of the houses were provided with an
additional access at the back, which also provided
space for keeping animals, a vehicle or even renting
out a certain part of the house.
 A group of 10 houses comprised of a cluster that
opened into the street
 The courtyard at the back opened into the open
space of the cluster and was used as a play area and
service area; trees and multi-use platforms were
added further

30. CASE STUDY
[Switzerland]
Urban Hybrid Housing

31.  The winners of the Feldbreite competition for a
housing block, which consist of 95 homes of 16
different types.
 urban hybrid development proposal characteristics
of city dwelling ,
central location
privacy,
underground parking
with the characteristics of suburban life: gardens,
multilevel living and a neighborhood community.
 The 16 different housing types, which vary in size
from 30 to 130 m2
 from one to four floors, will naturally attract a
mixed group of inhabitants
 The project consists of 9000 m2 of housing, 2034
m2 services and 2925 m2 underground parking.

32.  Each house or apartment will have its own façade color,
emphasizing its individual ownership.
 the high quality of construction in combination with
relatively low prices.
 Clients will be able to buy a more or less finished house
 Home owners with little money can therefore delay
investment, or do the work themselves, and still live in a
high quality, new build home.
 The interior of the block is divided into both private and
public spaces,
with dividing walls used to hang tables or benches and parts
of the walls which can be rotated and used for table tennis.
 landscaping plan with wide variety of fruit trees in the
courtyard, in both the private and public areas.