1. DIAGNOSTICS
EXAM
ANSWERS
10TH GRADE

2. 1. Fill in the blanks

3. Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic
• Pro = earlier than
• kernel ( true nucleus)
o Eukaryotic = true
o kernel ( true nucleus)

4. The plasma membrane is composed mostly of
• Phospholipids and Proteins
• Phospholipids form a bilayer in wich the
hydrophillic phosphate heads are exposed to
the aqueous external environment and shielding
the hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails in the interior
of the membrane.
• Proteins are present in the membranes in the
form of intrinsic or extrinsic proteins which
function as ion channels, carrier proteins,
enzymes, among other functions

5. Cell membrane-plasma mebrane-cytoplasm
membrane
Phospholipids form a
bilayer in wich the
hydrophillic phosphate
heads are exposed to the
aqueous external
environment and shielding
the hydrophobic
hydrocarbon tails in the
interior of the membrane.
Proteins are present in the
membranes in the form of
intrinsic or extrinsic
proteins which function as
ion channels, carrier
proteins, enzymes, among
other functions

7. In eukaryotic cells
respiration occurs in the
In the Mitochondria (and in the cytoplasm)
Glucolisis in the cytoplasm, the product
obteined is transported to the mitocondrial
matrix, and finally
the respiration chain takes place on the intern
wall of the mitochondria
The principal objective of respiration is obteining
chemical energy through the elaboration of ATP
on the basis of glucose.

8. Respiration is the process to manufacture
ATP using oxygen and giving Dioxid
Carbon

9. The passive transport of water across a
selectively permeable membrane is called

10. • lysosomes contain digestive
enzymes that can break down
macromolecules such as
carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins

12. 2. Write the definitions
or concepts.

13. Cell
• An biological unit of all organisms
• An autonomous self-replicating unit that
may exist as functional independent unit
of life (as in the case of
unicellular organism), or as sub-unit in
a multicellular organism (such as
in plants and animals) that is specialized
into carrying out particular functions
towards the cause of the organism as a
whole.

15. DNA
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid, a self-
replicating material which is present
in nearly all living organisms as the
main constituent of chromosomes. It
is the carrier of genetic information.

16. Deoxyribonucleic
acid.
Contains Thymine
Contains the
genetic information
Double stranded
DNA
Thymine is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are
represented by the letters G–C–A–T. The others are adenine, guanine,
and cytosine.

17. RNA
RiboNucleic Acid: a nucleic acid that is
generally single stranded (double
stranded in some viruses) and plays a
role in transferring information
from DNA to protein-forming system of
the cell.

18. RNA
Usually single
stranded
Contains
Uracile
Contains
ribose
Viruses
contain their
genetic Info in
RNA genome.
More prone
to hydrolisis
than DNA
Protein
synthesis,
catalyze
reactions.

22. Cell membrane
• A very thin membrane, composed of lipids
and protein, that surrounds the cytoplasm of
a cell and controls the passage of
substances into and out of the cell. Also
called: plasmalemma or plasma membrane
• The semipermeable membrane enclosing
the cytoplasm of a cell.

23. Passive transport
• A kind of transport by which ions or
molecules move along a
concentration gradient, which means
movement from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower
concentration.

24. Hydrophobic
• Lacking an affinity for water;
insoluble in water; repelling water.

25. Hydrophilic
Having an affinity for water;
capable of interacting with water
through hydrogen bonding.

26. Enzyme
Any of various proteins, as pepsin, origi-
nating from living cells and capable of
producing certain chemical
changes in organic substances by
catalytic action, as in digestion.

27. Chloroplasts
• The organelles that carries out
photosynthesis and starch grain
formation.
• A chlorophyll-containing organelle in
plants that is the site of photosynthesis.

29. Ribosomes
A tiny, somewhat mitten-
shaped organelle occurring in great num-
bers in the cell cytoplasm either freely, in
small clusters, or attached to the outer sur-
faces of endoplasmic reticula,and function-
ing as the site of protein manufacture.

31. 3. Essay questions
(choose ONE and
explain it in detail)

32. Explain the difference between meiosis and
mitosis

33. Mitosis-Meiosis video
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ba9LXKH2ztU
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_IzfJSxa-uA

34. Name and describe the two
major classes of cells.