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Genome organization.pptx
1. PADMASHREE DR.D.Y.PATIL COLLEGE
OF PHARMACY AKURDI
Subject Name – Cellular And Molecular
Pharmacology
Student name – Dhanashri Prakash Sonavane
Subject teacher name – Mr. Wankhade Sir
Department- Pharmacology
Presentation topic-Genome Organization
2. Genome Organization
• The word "genome," coined by German botanist Hans Winkler in
1920, was derived simply by combining gene and the final syllable
of chromosome.
• Genome is complet set of genetic material within an organism.
• It is an organization complet set of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
including all the gene and all functional DNA Sequence.
• It Contain all entire hereditary information.
• The genome includes both the genes and non-coding sequences of
DNA.
• The genome is the ultimate source of information about an
organism.
3. • Genes" are units of genetic information present on the DNA in the
chromosomes and chromatin.
• "Genome" is the entirety of an organism's hereditary organization. It is
encoded either in DNA, or for many types of viruses, in RNA.
• Size of human genome is 3.2 billion or 3200 million of base pair.
• There are about 20000 to 25000 in human genome.
• Average gene density is about 100000 base pairs.
• The first complete genome to be sequenced was that of the bacterium
Haemophilus influenzae, in 1995.
4. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Genome
• In prokaryotic genome is mostly haploid circular present in cytoplasm
and also has plasmid which code the non essential gene,
• Prokaryotic genome is extensively studied by E.Coli as the model
organism . Genome size of of E.Coli is K -12 is 4639kb. And high
level of coupling is seen in various cellular process in prokaryotic
genome. Ex: transcription is coupled with translation because of
absence of nucleus.
• Eukaryotic genome is large in size having lot of non coading region
and is usually present in diploid number enclosed within a nucleus and
marked mostly by the absence of plasmid.
5.
6. Chromatin: (DNA+RNA+Protein)
• Nucleus contain thread like coiled structures called chromation
substance or chromatin fiber.
• The chromatin undergoes further condensation to form chromosome.
• The chromatin fiber remain suspended in the nucleoplasm.
• They can be euchromatin or heterocromatin.
• Euchromatin is uncoiled and active.
• Heterochromatin is Condensed and in active.
• Composition of chromatin : Contain DNA,RNA,Protein (Histone and
Nonhistone)
7. Histone
• Major Protein of chromatin.
• Contain high proportion of Basic amino acid like arginine and lysin.
• 5 Type of histone are there H1,H2A,H2B,H3,H4.
Nucleosome
• Chromatin composed of 200 base pair unit Called nucleosome.
• Nucleosome is segment of DNA would around 8 histone protein core.
• Size of Nucleosome is 11nm approximately 200 base pair along.
8. Genome Organization Can be explained by
Nuleosome Model : 3 Level
I. DNA Wrapping and nucleosome string on beds structure.
II. A 30 nm Condensed Chromatin Fiber Consisting of nucleosome
array in their most compact form: The solenoid Structure.
III. Higher level of metaphase chromosome: The loops ,Domains and
Scaffold Structure.
