9. created to redirect the guilt, if any, felt by Iraqi soldiers, and to encourage them to blame everything bad on Saddam Hussein since he is a criminal. Thus, they might not fight with as much enthusiasm or determination.
10.
11. How did the general public learn about political parties before WW2? Why is the news of particular interest to sociologists? What is the role of a ‘spin doctor’ ? Identify 3 ways in which televised reporting of politics has changed ? What was the perceived risk of the media reporting on a General Election? What effect did WW2 have on the way media reporting ?
12.
13.
14.
15. Explain how ‘good news’ stories from Eastern media can be viewed as propaganda Focus is on increase in production and new public facilities rather than crime How is the Hegemonic view similar to Marxism? Both see the media’s role as maintaining and reinforcing the status quo in society In what way can the GUMG findings be criticised? Unrepresentative, no evidence, not objective, According to Hall (80) the news is seen as closed text. Explain what this means. Events presented are partial and selective revealing journalistic values Give an example of the language used that showed bias in the dispute Employers make ‘offers’ and ‘pleas’ whereas strikers make ‘demands’ and ‘threats’ What were the conclusions of GUMG study? Industrial relations favours the employers over the employed
16.
17. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES A widespread lack of public interest in politics associated with a cynical evaluation of politicians in general The political message becomes less powerful than the projected image. At worst this could be a means of subverting democracy Parties are marketed like high street commodities and we become disempowered consumers responding only to the images on the boxes Packaging political debates serves to manipulate the public Overall there is increased public knowledge and citizen participation hence greater government accountability The media oversimplify and trivialise political issues Politicians become more concerned with their voice and appearance It is simply the inevitable result of new technology and is beneficial to audiences The electorate gains by being better informed and more aware of political issues The content of political debate comes second to its presentation – images dominate Audiences are better able to assess the competence of government ministers A diminishing of the political process as media distort as well as communicate messages
18. PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER THE MEDIA, THE STATE AND THE POLITICAL PROCESS THE STATE PLURALIST VIEW NEO MARXIST VIEW MARIST VIEW Advantages and disadvantages
![2 views of the media ,[object Object],Free airing of social and political issues where opinions differ. Act as watchdogs, criticising politicians and the powerful when they override the interests of ordinary people](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)