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1. Dear students get fully solved assignments
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Assignment
DRIVE SUMMER, 2015
PROGRAM BSCNT
SEMESTER 2
SEMESTER CODE & NAME BNT203-INTERNETWORKING WITH TCP/IP
BK ID B1008
CREDIT 4
MARKS 60
Note: Answer all questions. Kindly note that answers for 10 marks questions should be approximately
of 400 words. Each questionis followedbyevaluationscheme.
1 Discuss the functionsof the followingLayers:
a) Transport layer.
Answer: In computer networking, a transport layer provides end-to-end or host-to-host communication
services for applications within a layered architecture of network components and protocols. The
transport layer provides services such as connection-oriented data stream support, reliability, flow
control,and multiplexing.
Transport layer
b) NetworkInterface Layer.
Answer: The bottommost layer of the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) is the Network Interface Layer. It
defines the software and hardware used to carry TCP/IP traffic across an underlying network
technology.
Examplesinclude:

2.  NetworkInterface Layer
2 Briefthe following
a. ISDN
Answer: Integrated Services for Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for
simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional
circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red
book.Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special
servicesavailable fordata.The key
b. X.25
Answer: X.25 is an ITU-T standard protocol suite for packet switched wide area network (WAN)
communication. An X.25 WAN consists of packet-switching exchange (PSE) nodes as the networking
hardware, and leased lines, plain old telephone service connections or ISDN connections as physical
links. X.25 is a family of protocols that was popular during the 1980s with telecommunications
companiesandin
3 What are congestion?Mentiontwoalgorithms to overcome congestion.
Answer: Congestion,in the context of networks, refers to a network state where a node or link carries so
much data that it may deteriorate network service quality, resulting in queuing delay, frame or data
packet loss and the blocking of new connections. In a congested network, response time slows with
reduced network throughput. Congestion occurs when bandwidth isinsufficient and network data traffic
exceedscapacity.
4 Differentiate betweenpermanentandtransienthost groups.
Answer: IP multicasting is defined as the transmission of an IP datagram to a "host group", a set of zero
or more hosts identified by a single IP destination address. A multicast datagram is delivered to all
membersof itsdestinationhostgroupwith

3. 5 What isdomain name resolution?Discussthe domainname resolutionprocess.
Answer: Domain Name Resolution is the task of converting domain names to their corresponding IP
address. This is all done behind the scenes and is rarely noticed by the user. When you enter a domain
name in an application that uses the Internet, the application will issue a command to have the
operatingsystemconvertthe domainname into
6 Differentiate betweenSimpleMail TransferProtocol and Post Office Protocol.
Answer: SMTP has always been very reliable. Since its invention in the eighties, all emails are usually
delivered to the receiver without encountering problems. This is why SMTP has become the standardfor
the transfer of the bulk of emails on the Internet. It is mainly used for outgoing email transport and
makesuse of the TCPport25. SMTP is usedbyMTA or the Mail TransferAgent.
Still, SMTP was not safe from technicalities such as different issues for a lot of present users. One of the
problems is the unavailability of a verification service for the sender of the mail. This was not a big
problemduringitsinventionbecausethe Internet
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