Zoology V
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
1 like•70 views
This document contains information about various zoological societies, journals, museums, and facts about the oldest zoo, wildlife sanctuary, and zoological society. It also lists topics about the longest living animals, bite force measurements, and deadliest animals. The document provides an overview of important organizations and references in the field of zoology.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
2007.04.12 Nmnh Science Board
The document discusses the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL), an open access digital library focused on taxonomic literature from the 18th century onward. It notes that taxonomic literature has a longer half-life of citation than other scientific disciplines. The BHL aims to digitize over 1.4-1.6 million publications, totaling 280-320 million pages, from its partner institutions to make this literature more accessible online. It has already digitized around 400,000 pre-1923 publications totaling 80 million pages.
Open Access to Legacy Biodiversity Literature
The document discusses the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) project which aims to digitize published literature on biodiversity from the collections of major natural history libraries and make it openly accessible online. It provides an overview of the participating libraries and institutions, as well as the technical infrastructure and processes for digitization, metadata creation, and integration with other biodiversity informatics resources.
Poster RDAP13: Biodiversity Heritage Library Content Liberator
The document discusses how the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) provides open access to over 40 million pages of biodiversity literature. It mobilizes this content by identifying over 100 million scientific names embedded in digitized texts. Tools and services described include Biostor for extracting and visualizing data from BHL, Synonyms for visualizing changes in scientific names over time, and links from BHL to the Encyclopedia of Life and Flickr to share images. The BHL makes bibliographic metadata and images available through various formats and APIs to maximize access and reuse of its biodiversity literature.
Cybertaxonomy may 31 2011
The document summarizes the current status and future plans of the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) as of May 2011. It notes that BHL has the largest collection of digitized biodiversity literature in the world, with over 34.5 million pages from 91,600 volumes. It discusses BHL's efforts to obtain copyright permissions to digitize and host additional content, as well as its partnerships around the world and commitment to digital preservation.
Giraffe - Wikipedia.pdf
The giraffe taxonomy is debated, with some classifying giraffes into one species with nine subspecies, while other studies have suggested classifying giraffes into multiple species. A 2007 genetic study identified at least six lineages that could be considered distinct species. A 2011 morphological study described eight giraffe species, and a 2016 study also concluded giraffes consist of multiple species that have not interbred for 1-2 million years.
Eol fellow-march2010
The Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) is a digital library that aims to make the literature of biodiversity openly available to the world. It has scanned over 70,000 volumes and 26 million pages of literature. The BHL was created in response to the "taxonomic impediment", which describes gaps in taxonomic knowledge. It works with natural history institutions around the world to digitize their collections. The BHL provides open access to this literature and develops tools to enhance access, such as name finding and citation services.
The Botanical Origins of the Biodiversity Heritage Library
The Botanical Origins of the Biodiversity Heritage Library. Martin R. Kalfatovic. Department of Botany: National Museum of Natural History. May 26, 2009. Washington, DC.
3 Years On: The Biodiversity Heritage Library
3 Years On: The Biodiversity Heritage Library. Martin R. Kalfatovic. BHL Australia Kick Off Meeting: Melbourne Museum. 1 June 2010. Melbourne, Australia.
Recommended
2007.04.12 Nmnh Science Board
The document discusses the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL), an open access digital library focused on taxonomic literature from the 18th century onward. It notes that taxonomic literature has a longer half-life of citation than other scientific disciplines. The BHL aims to digitize over 1.4-1.6 million publications, totaling 280-320 million pages, from its partner institutions to make this literature more accessible online. It has already digitized around 400,000 pre-1923 publications totaling 80 million pages.
Open Access to Legacy Biodiversity Literature
The document discusses the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) project which aims to digitize published literature on biodiversity from the collections of major natural history libraries and make it openly accessible online. It provides an overview of the participating libraries and institutions, as well as the technical infrastructure and processes for digitization, metadata creation, and integration with other biodiversity informatics resources.
Poster RDAP13: Biodiversity Heritage Library Content Liberator
The document discusses how the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) provides open access to over 40 million pages of biodiversity literature. It mobilizes this content by identifying over 100 million scientific names embedded in digitized texts. Tools and services described include Biostor for extracting and visualizing data from BHL, Synonyms for visualizing changes in scientific names over time, and links from BHL to the Encyclopedia of Life and Flickr to share images. The BHL makes bibliographic metadata and images available through various formats and APIs to maximize access and reuse of its biodiversity literature.
Cybertaxonomy may 31 2011
The document summarizes the current status and future plans of the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) as of May 2011. It notes that BHL has the largest collection of digitized biodiversity literature in the world, with over 34.5 million pages from 91,600 volumes. It discusses BHL's efforts to obtain copyright permissions to digitize and host additional content, as well as its partnerships around the world and commitment to digital preservation.
Giraffe - Wikipedia.pdf
The giraffe taxonomy is debated, with some classifying giraffes into one species with nine subspecies, while other studies have suggested classifying giraffes into multiple species. A 2007 genetic study identified at least six lineages that could be considered distinct species. A 2011 morphological study described eight giraffe species, and a 2016 study also concluded giraffes consist of multiple species that have not interbred for 1-2 million years.
Eol fellow-march2010
The Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) is a digital library that aims to make the literature of biodiversity openly available to the world. It has scanned over 70,000 volumes and 26 million pages of literature. The BHL was created in response to the "taxonomic impediment", which describes gaps in taxonomic knowledge. It works with natural history institutions around the world to digitize their collections. The BHL provides open access to this literature and develops tools to enhance access, such as name finding and citation services.
The Botanical Origins of the Biodiversity Heritage Library
The Botanical Origins of the Biodiversity Heritage Library. Martin R. Kalfatovic. Department of Botany: National Museum of Natural History. May 26, 2009. Washington, DC.
3 Years On: The Biodiversity Heritage Library
3 Years On: The Biodiversity Heritage Library. Martin R. Kalfatovic. BHL Australia Kick Off Meeting: Melbourne Museum. 1 June 2010. Melbourne, Australia.
Analysis of dense genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms unlocks the gen...
The two Ethiopian chicken populations, Horro and Jarso, show genetic divergence likely due to limited gene flow, different demographic histories, and management under different ecological conditions. Horro chickens show less genetic diversity than Jarso chickens. Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms found significant genetic differentiation between the two populations, with 28% of genetic variation explained between populations. The results indicate the populations descended from different ancestral origins and developed independently under different environmental and management conditions.
Presentation of Burkina Faso plant catalogue at AETFAT 2014 in Stellenbosch
A presentation of the new catalogue of vascular plants of Burkina Faso, given at the AETFAT conference in Stellenbosch in 2014
Quentin D. Wheeler - ZooBank and the Taxonomic Renaissance
ZooBank and the Taxonomic Renaissance
There are an estimated 8-10 million species on Earth but only about 1.5 million have been described. Taxonomy provides essential information for fields like conservation, agriculture, and medicine. However, constraints include limited access to existing species descriptions, specimens, and colleagues. Cyberinfrastructure like e-monographs, a Taxonomic Expert Network, and a Virtual Species Observatory can help modernize and improve taxonomy by enabling collaborative research and providing open access to curated collections, descriptions, and identification tools. This cyberinfrastructure will transform how taxonomic information and knowledge are generated and applied.
Herpetology Survey of Edith L. Moore Nature Sanctuary. Research by Dillon Jones
This document summarizes Dillon Jones' urban herpetology research at the Edith L. Moore Nature Sanctuary (ELM). It describes Dillon's ongoing visual encounter surveys and minnow trapping at ELM to document present reptile and amphibian species. So far, Dillon has recorded 18 species via survey data and additional species via iNaturalist data. The document outlines Dillon's next steps of continuing surveys, further analyzing data, and preparing recommendations for ELM on conservation of local herpetofauna.
Donat Agosti - Copyright, Biopiracy and the Taxonomic Impediment
The document discusses several issues related to open access of taxonomic publications, including:
1) Taxonomic publications currently face a "taxonomic impediment" due to copyright restrictions that limit access. Making publications open access could help address conservation and research needs.
2) Descriptions of new species in particular should be considered open access similar to gene sequences, as they represent factual scientific knowledge.
3) Potential solutions include making all taxonomic publications openly accessible online, or at least allowing open access to the actual species descriptions within publications.
Nigel Robinson - ZooBank and Zoological Record: a partnership for success
The document discusses the partnership between Zoological Record (ZR) and ZooBank to provide taxonomic and nomenclatural information. ZR is the oldest continuing life science reference database, indexing over 72,000 items annually from 5000 journals. It captures metadata on new species names and has an archive of over 1.7 million articles. Through the Index to Organism Names project, ZR provides links from species names to relevant information. The partnership with ZooBank will provide stability, technology, and open access to taxonomic data and literature links for the scientific community.
Mawdsley Publications YES Quarterly 1990-1994
Jonathan R. Mawdsley wrote several papers on entomology as a high school and undergraduate student that were published in the "Young Entomologists' Society Quarterly" between 1990-1994. These early papers covered a broad range of topics including insect collecting methods, mimicry in beetles, fossil insects, and checkered beetle taxonomy. Many contained valuable biological information on species of conservation interest. Thanks to a colleague, Mawdsley was able to locate and scan copies of 12 of his early papers from the journal, which dealt with identification keys, mimicry, and biological notes on beetle species from locations such as North America, Australia, and Madagascar.
Todd Witcher_Discover Life in America
Todd Witcher, Executive Director of Discover Life In America, spoke about the Smokies Biodiversity project at the 2009 East Tennessee Preservation Conference.
fulltext(1)
The document summarizes a study on the status of the tiger beetle (Cicindela hirticollis) along the coast of New York City and Long Island. The beetle was historically found at 30 coastal locations but surveys from 1989 to 2010 found populations at only 13 beaches. Only 4 sites had large populations of 40 or more beetles. No beetles were found at the formerly occupied large coastal beaches. The decline is likely due to heavy human foot and vehicle traffic on beaches that destroys the beetles' burrows. Coastal beaches need management that recognizes their role in supporting wildlife like tiger beetles.
Red list partnership
Global Wildlife Conservation and Missouri Botanical Garden have joined the Red List Partnership, which provides support for biodiversity assessments like The IUCN Red List. The document outlines the roles of existing Red List Partners and invites interested institutions to review the partnership agreement and contact a specific email address for more information on becoming a new partner.
The Conditional State of Primates in Selected Zoological Garden in Nigeria: A...
The Conditional State of Primates in Selected Zoological Garden in Nigeria: A...Associate Professor in VSB Coimbatore
Parasitic diseases often represent a major concern in zoo animals for the high environmental contamination due to the maintenance of animals in confined areas. In wild conditions, animals have some natural resistance against parasitic diseases and there is a state of equilibrium between the parasite and the host and it seldom led to harmful infection unless stressed. The aim of the research work is on the conditional state of primates in selected zoological garden primates in selected Zoological Gardens in Nigeria. Survey method was adapted for this research 87 questionnaires was distributed among staff taking care of the zoological gardens. The findings of this work shows, that captive primates are housed according to their species. From the responses, the nutritional status of the captive primates is moderate, based on their physical appearance, and shows 34 respondents, representing (39.1%) Agreed, 29 respondents, representing (33.3%) strongly agreed that the captive primates are constantly dewormed against parasitic infections, while 20 respondents, representing (4.6%) strongly disagreed. On the accountability of the funds, 36 respondents, representing (41.4%) Agreed, 18 respondents, representing (20.7%) strongly agreed, while 24 respondents, which represents (27.6%) disagreed and 9 representing (10.3%) strongly disagreed based on the data, there is adequate accountability of the funds allocated to zoos. WWF 2020 Living Planet Report
This document is the Living Planet Report 2020 published by WWF. It summarizes that:
- Biodiversity loss is occurring at an alarming rate, with wildlife populations declining dramatically according to the Living Planet Index.
- Humanity's increasing destruction of the natural world is having catastrophic impacts on wildlife populations and human lives.
- There is an urgent need for a profound shift in our relationship with nature, to recognize our interdependence and value nature rather than take it for granted. Societies and economies must prioritize sustainability.
Living planet report 2020 wwf
This document summarizes the Living Planet Report 2020 published by WWF. It discusses the following key points:
- Global wildlife populations have declined by 68% between 1970 and 2016, according to the Living Planet Index, with freshwater species declining by 83% on average. Biodiversity loss is occurring at an unprecedented rate due to human activity.
- Three interconnected global crises are threatening both humanity and nature: climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. Urgent systemic shifts are needed to transition to an economic system that values nature and recognizes human dependence on healthy ecosystems.
- The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted humanity's interdependence on nature, with zoonotic diseases emerging as a direct result
Introduction to Mammalogy.pdf
Mammals are defined as animals that have hair, are warm-blooded, and nourish their young with milk. Some key mammalian features include temperature regulation, mammary glands, and giving birth to live young. Mammalogy is the study of mammals and includes their structure, function, evolution, behavior, taxonomy, and management. Important figures in the early history of mammalogy include Aristotle, who developed one of the first classification systems for animals, and Pliny the Elder, who compiled a large encyclopedia of biological knowledge. More recent influential mammalogists established natural history museums, explored North America documenting plants and animals, and developed systems for biological classification.
Basic zoology iii
The document discusses several major discoveries and developments in the field of zoology. It describes Aristotle's documentation of animal behavior and characteristics in Ancient Greece. It discusses Gregor Mendel's pioneering work in genetics and inheritance by studying traits in pea plants. It also mentions Antonie van Leeuwenhoek's microscopic discoveries of microorganisms in the 17th century. Finally, it provides brief overviews of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, Linnaeus's biological classification system, and several important zoological organizations.
Zoology Series iii
1) Aristotle documented the behavior and characteristics of hundreds of species in his work "The History of Animals" in the 4th century BC.
2) Gregor Mendel discovered the principles of genetic inheritance by studying inherited traits in pea plants in the 19th century.
3) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovered microorganisms using early microscopes in the 17th century.
The red book
This document summarizes a student project performed by Anastasia Timonova, Maria Poliakova and Julia Tkacheva, under teacher V. U. Kochkina, on the topic of the Red Book. The 8 hour project involved using the internet, pictures and Wikipedia to research and create a multimedia presentation covering the history of the Red Book, the Red Book of the Belgorod region, endangered animal species, and video materials. The goals of the project were to improve language skills, develop research abilities, and increase student engagement and motivation to learn about protecting endangered species and the environment.
Nick's poster template revised (1)
The document summarizes research investigating the role of plants in the Neanderthal diet through microscopic residue analysis of stone tools. The researcher created a database of edible wild plants found in Europe and the Ohio region. Plant specimens were processed with stone tools to create residue profiles. Residues on tools from the Neanderthal site of Maras, France were then compared, finding similarities between residues there and experimental processing of wild parsnip and bur-reed. This suggests Neanderthals incorporated more varied plant foods into their diet than typically claimed, obtaining important nutrients beyond what meat alone could provide.
Monitoring and Biodiversity Indices
Lecture about Monitoring and Biodiversity Indices, with linkage to on-going CBD programs, and a special focus on species monitoring.Many examples, needs some formatting, hope still useful!
A unique nest protection strategy in a new species of spider wasp
This document describes a newly discovered nesting behavior in a species of spider wasp, Deuteragenia ossarium. The wasp fills the outer vestibule cell of its nest with dead ants. This is the first known example of any animal using dead bodies in this way to protect its nest. Researchers observed that D. ossarium nests had lower rates of parasitism than other wasp nests in the area, suggesting the dead ants provide an effective defense against natural enemies through chemical cues. They have named the species the "Bone-house Wasp" in reference to its unusual nest structure filled with dead ants.
Biodiversity Conservation
This document presents information on biodiversity conservation. It begins with an introduction that defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including genetic, ecosystem, and species variation. It then discusses literature on conservation of northwest Atlantic harp seals, dynamics of ant biodiversity patterns, and using recycled sugar factory effluent for fish cultivation. The methodology section notes that over 1.4 million species have been identified but many remain unknown, and discusses biodiversity hotspots. Major Indian legislation related to biodiversity is also mentioned. Results discuss benefits of biodiversity like oxygen, food, water, and medicine. Threats include habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, and overexploitation. The document estimates there are over 8 million terrestrial
WWF Living Planet Report 2022
The Living Planet Report, WWF’s flagship publication released every two years, is a comprehensive study of trends in global biodiversity and the health of the planet.
The Living Planet Report 2022 is the 14th edition of the report and provides the scientific evidence to back what nature has been demonstrating repeatedly: unsustainable human activity is pushing the planet’s natural systems that support life on Earth to the edge.
Through multiple indicators including the Living Planet Index (LPI), provided by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL), it shows an average 69% fall in almost 32,000 wildlife populations between 1970 and 2018.
The report calls on world leaders to come together to build a more sustainable, resilient and healthy world for people and nature.
More Related Content
What's hot
Analysis of dense genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms unlocks the gen...
The two Ethiopian chicken populations, Horro and Jarso, show genetic divergence likely due to limited gene flow, different demographic histories, and management under different ecological conditions. Horro chickens show less genetic diversity than Jarso chickens. Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms found significant genetic differentiation between the two populations, with 28% of genetic variation explained between populations. The results indicate the populations descended from different ancestral origins and developed independently under different environmental and management conditions.
Presentation of Burkina Faso plant catalogue at AETFAT 2014 in Stellenbosch
A presentation of the new catalogue of vascular plants of Burkina Faso, given at the AETFAT conference in Stellenbosch in 2014
Quentin D. Wheeler - ZooBank and the Taxonomic Renaissance
ZooBank and the Taxonomic Renaissance
There are an estimated 8-10 million species on Earth but only about 1.5 million have been described. Taxonomy provides essential information for fields like conservation, agriculture, and medicine. However, constraints include limited access to existing species descriptions, specimens, and colleagues. Cyberinfrastructure like e-monographs, a Taxonomic Expert Network, and a Virtual Species Observatory can help modernize and improve taxonomy by enabling collaborative research and providing open access to curated collections, descriptions, and identification tools. This cyberinfrastructure will transform how taxonomic information and knowledge are generated and applied.
Herpetology Survey of Edith L. Moore Nature Sanctuary. Research by Dillon Jones
This document summarizes Dillon Jones' urban herpetology research at the Edith L. Moore Nature Sanctuary (ELM). It describes Dillon's ongoing visual encounter surveys and minnow trapping at ELM to document present reptile and amphibian species. So far, Dillon has recorded 18 species via survey data and additional species via iNaturalist data. The document outlines Dillon's next steps of continuing surveys, further analyzing data, and preparing recommendations for ELM on conservation of local herpetofauna.
Donat Agosti - Copyright, Biopiracy and the Taxonomic Impediment
The document discusses several issues related to open access of taxonomic publications, including:
1) Taxonomic publications currently face a "taxonomic impediment" due to copyright restrictions that limit access. Making publications open access could help address conservation and research needs.
2) Descriptions of new species in particular should be considered open access similar to gene sequences, as they represent factual scientific knowledge.
3) Potential solutions include making all taxonomic publications openly accessible online, or at least allowing open access to the actual species descriptions within publications.
Nigel Robinson - ZooBank and Zoological Record: a partnership for success
The document discusses the partnership between Zoological Record (ZR) and ZooBank to provide taxonomic and nomenclatural information. ZR is the oldest continuing life science reference database, indexing over 72,000 items annually from 5000 journals. It captures metadata on new species names and has an archive of over 1.7 million articles. Through the Index to Organism Names project, ZR provides links from species names to relevant information. The partnership with ZooBank will provide stability, technology, and open access to taxonomic data and literature links for the scientific community.
Mawdsley Publications YES Quarterly 1990-1994
Jonathan R. Mawdsley wrote several papers on entomology as a high school and undergraduate student that were published in the "Young Entomologists' Society Quarterly" between 1990-1994. These early papers covered a broad range of topics including insect collecting methods, mimicry in beetles, fossil insects, and checkered beetle taxonomy. Many contained valuable biological information on species of conservation interest. Thanks to a colleague, Mawdsley was able to locate and scan copies of 12 of his early papers from the journal, which dealt with identification keys, mimicry, and biological notes on beetle species from locations such as North America, Australia, and Madagascar.
What's hot (7)
Analysis of dense genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms unlocks the gen...
Analysis of dense genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms unlocks the gen...
Presentation of Burkina Faso plant catalogue at AETFAT 2014 in Stellenbosch
Presentation of Burkina Faso plant catalogue at AETFAT 2014 in Stellenbosch
Quentin D. Wheeler - ZooBank and the Taxonomic Renaissance
Quentin D. Wheeler - ZooBank and the Taxonomic Renaissance
Herpetology Survey of Edith L. Moore Nature Sanctuary. Research by Dillon Jones
Herpetology Survey of Edith L. Moore Nature Sanctuary. Research by Dillon Jones
Donat Agosti - Copyright, Biopiracy and the Taxonomic Impediment
Donat Agosti - Copyright, Biopiracy and the Taxonomic Impediment
Nigel Robinson - ZooBank and Zoological Record: a partnership for success
Nigel Robinson - ZooBank and Zoological Record: a partnership for success
Similar to Zoology V
Todd Witcher_Discover Life in America
Todd Witcher, Executive Director of Discover Life In America, spoke about the Smokies Biodiversity project at the 2009 East Tennessee Preservation Conference.
fulltext(1)
The document summarizes a study on the status of the tiger beetle (Cicindela hirticollis) along the coast of New York City and Long Island. The beetle was historically found at 30 coastal locations but surveys from 1989 to 2010 found populations at only 13 beaches. Only 4 sites had large populations of 40 or more beetles. No beetles were found at the formerly occupied large coastal beaches. The decline is likely due to heavy human foot and vehicle traffic on beaches that destroys the beetles' burrows. Coastal beaches need management that recognizes their role in supporting wildlife like tiger beetles.
Red list partnership
Global Wildlife Conservation and Missouri Botanical Garden have joined the Red List Partnership, which provides support for biodiversity assessments like The IUCN Red List. The document outlines the roles of existing Red List Partners and invites interested institutions to review the partnership agreement and contact a specific email address for more information on becoming a new partner.
The Conditional State of Primates in Selected Zoological Garden in Nigeria: A...
The Conditional State of Primates in Selected Zoological Garden in Nigeria: A...Associate Professor in VSB Coimbatore
Parasitic diseases often represent a major concern in zoo animals for the high environmental contamination due to the maintenance of animals in confined areas. In wild conditions, animals have some natural resistance against parasitic diseases and there is a state of equilibrium between the parasite and the host and it seldom led to harmful infection unless stressed. The aim of the research work is on the conditional state of primates in selected zoological garden primates in selected Zoological Gardens in Nigeria. Survey method was adapted for this research 87 questionnaires was distributed among staff taking care of the zoological gardens. The findings of this work shows, that captive primates are housed according to their species. From the responses, the nutritional status of the captive primates is moderate, based on their physical appearance, and shows 34 respondents, representing (39.1%) Agreed, 29 respondents, representing (33.3%) strongly agreed that the captive primates are constantly dewormed against parasitic infections, while 20 respondents, representing (4.6%) strongly disagreed. On the accountability of the funds, 36 respondents, representing (41.4%) Agreed, 18 respondents, representing (20.7%) strongly agreed, while 24 respondents, which represents (27.6%) disagreed and 9 representing (10.3%) strongly disagreed based on the data, there is adequate accountability of the funds allocated to zoos. WWF 2020 Living Planet Report
This document is the Living Planet Report 2020 published by WWF. It summarizes that:
- Biodiversity loss is occurring at an alarming rate, with wildlife populations declining dramatically according to the Living Planet Index.
- Humanity's increasing destruction of the natural world is having catastrophic impacts on wildlife populations and human lives.
- There is an urgent need for a profound shift in our relationship with nature, to recognize our interdependence and value nature rather than take it for granted. Societies and economies must prioritize sustainability.
Living planet report 2020 wwf
This document summarizes the Living Planet Report 2020 published by WWF. It discusses the following key points:
- Global wildlife populations have declined by 68% between 1970 and 2016, according to the Living Planet Index, with freshwater species declining by 83% on average. Biodiversity loss is occurring at an unprecedented rate due to human activity.
- Three interconnected global crises are threatening both humanity and nature: climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. Urgent systemic shifts are needed to transition to an economic system that values nature and recognizes human dependence on healthy ecosystems.
- The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted humanity's interdependence on nature, with zoonotic diseases emerging as a direct result
Introduction to Mammalogy.pdf
Mammals are defined as animals that have hair, are warm-blooded, and nourish their young with milk. Some key mammalian features include temperature regulation, mammary glands, and giving birth to live young. Mammalogy is the study of mammals and includes their structure, function, evolution, behavior, taxonomy, and management. Important figures in the early history of mammalogy include Aristotle, who developed one of the first classification systems for animals, and Pliny the Elder, who compiled a large encyclopedia of biological knowledge. More recent influential mammalogists established natural history museums, explored North America documenting plants and animals, and developed systems for biological classification.
Basic zoology iii
The document discusses several major discoveries and developments in the field of zoology. It describes Aristotle's documentation of animal behavior and characteristics in Ancient Greece. It discusses Gregor Mendel's pioneering work in genetics and inheritance by studying traits in pea plants. It also mentions Antonie van Leeuwenhoek's microscopic discoveries of microorganisms in the 17th century. Finally, it provides brief overviews of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, Linnaeus's biological classification system, and several important zoological organizations.
Zoology Series iii
1) Aristotle documented the behavior and characteristics of hundreds of species in his work "The History of Animals" in the 4th century BC.
2) Gregor Mendel discovered the principles of genetic inheritance by studying inherited traits in pea plants in the 19th century.
3) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovered microorganisms using early microscopes in the 17th century.
The red book
This document summarizes a student project performed by Anastasia Timonova, Maria Poliakova and Julia Tkacheva, under teacher V. U. Kochkina, on the topic of the Red Book. The 8 hour project involved using the internet, pictures and Wikipedia to research and create a multimedia presentation covering the history of the Red Book, the Red Book of the Belgorod region, endangered animal species, and video materials. The goals of the project were to improve language skills, develop research abilities, and increase student engagement and motivation to learn about protecting endangered species and the environment.
Nick's poster template revised (1)
The document summarizes research investigating the role of plants in the Neanderthal diet through microscopic residue analysis of stone tools. The researcher created a database of edible wild plants found in Europe and the Ohio region. Plant specimens were processed with stone tools to create residue profiles. Residues on tools from the Neanderthal site of Maras, France were then compared, finding similarities between residues there and experimental processing of wild parsnip and bur-reed. This suggests Neanderthals incorporated more varied plant foods into their diet than typically claimed, obtaining important nutrients beyond what meat alone could provide.
Monitoring and Biodiversity Indices
Lecture about Monitoring and Biodiversity Indices, with linkage to on-going CBD programs, and a special focus on species monitoring.Many examples, needs some formatting, hope still useful!
A unique nest protection strategy in a new species of spider wasp
This document describes a newly discovered nesting behavior in a species of spider wasp, Deuteragenia ossarium. The wasp fills the outer vestibule cell of its nest with dead ants. This is the first known example of any animal using dead bodies in this way to protect its nest. Researchers observed that D. ossarium nests had lower rates of parasitism than other wasp nests in the area, suggesting the dead ants provide an effective defense against natural enemies through chemical cues. They have named the species the "Bone-house Wasp" in reference to its unusual nest structure filled with dead ants.
Biodiversity Conservation
This document presents information on biodiversity conservation. It begins with an introduction that defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including genetic, ecosystem, and species variation. It then discusses literature on conservation of northwest Atlantic harp seals, dynamics of ant biodiversity patterns, and using recycled sugar factory effluent for fish cultivation. The methodology section notes that over 1.4 million species have been identified but many remain unknown, and discusses biodiversity hotspots. Major Indian legislation related to biodiversity is also mentioned. Results discuss benefits of biodiversity like oxygen, food, water, and medicine. Threats include habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, and overexploitation. The document estimates there are over 8 million terrestrial
WWF Living Planet Report 2022
The Living Planet Report, WWF’s flagship publication released every two years, is a comprehensive study of trends in global biodiversity and the health of the planet.
The Living Planet Report 2022 is the 14th edition of the report and provides the scientific evidence to back what nature has been demonstrating repeatedly: unsustainable human activity is pushing the planet’s natural systems that support life on Earth to the edge.
Through multiple indicators including the Living Planet Index (LPI), provided by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL), it shows an average 69% fall in almost 32,000 wildlife populations between 1970 and 2018.
The report calls on world leaders to come together to build a more sustainable, resilient and healthy world for people and nature.
Can religion be used to create ecological awareness (2)
This summary provides the key details from the document in 3 sentences:
The document discusses how Islam can be used to create ecological awareness by presenting Islamic teachings around environmental stewardship found in the Quran and Hadith. Islam supports ecological concern by establishing humans as trustees of the environment and prohibiting waste. Traditional and modern communication channels within Muslim communities, like sermons and digital media, could spread ecological messages from an Islamic perspective.
Biodiversity on Wikipedia - the Indian context
Presentation made at WikiConference India 2011
Describes how a bunch of editors are adding to freely licensed content on Wikipedia
Science R eality
1. The document discusses limiting global warming to 2 degrees Celsius as agreed upon in 2010.
2. It notes that to achieve this, all anthropogenic emissions from 2013 to 2100 must be limited to 260 gigatonnes of carbon.
3. At current emission trends, 247 additional gigatonnes of carbon will be emitted in just 21 years, far exceeding the 2 degree limit. Urgent action is needed to reduce emissions.
2013.SHIS142
1. Captive keeping of reptiles and amphibians is important for conservation efforts as these species are severely threatened in the wild. Zoos now focus on conservation, education, and research in addition to entertainment.
2. Biodiversity is declining rapidly due to habitat loss, overexploitation, pollution, invasive species, and climate change. Extinction rates are estimated to be 1,000 to 10,000 times higher than normal.
3. Reptiles and amphibians make up a large part of threatened species collections in zoos. Understanding their communication and natural behaviors is important for their welfare in captivity.
PENSOFT ARTICLE COLLECTION ABOUT MYANMAR
PENSOFT ARTICLE COLLECTION ABOUT MYANMAR
https://pensoft.net/about#Company-Profile
Pensoft is an independent academic publishing company, well known worldwide for its innovations in the field of semantic publishing and for its cutting-edge publishing tools and workflows. Founded in 1992 "by scientists, for the scientists" and initially focusing on book publishing, it has grown to become a leading publisher of innovative open access journals, such as: Research Ideas and Outcomes (RIO), ZooKeys, Biodiversity Data Journal, PhytoKeys, MycoKeys, Nature Conservation, NeoBiota, Comparative Cytogenetics, and others. Pensoft has published more than 1,000 books and over 4,000 open access articles, mostly in the field of natural history.
Pensoft is a member or partner of several professional publishing organisations and data publishing platforms, including CrossRef, OASPA, PubMedCentral, CLOCKSS, Research Data Alliance (RDA), OpenAIRE, LifeWatch, DataONE, Dryad Data Repository, Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), Encyclopedia of Life (EoL), and others.
https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/24248/
A new remarkable species of Alloscorpiops Vachon, 1980 from Myanmar (Burma) (Scorpiones, Scorpiopidae)
https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/24453/
Filling the BINs of life: Report of an amphibian and reptile survey of the Tanintharyi (Tenasserim) Region of Myanmar, with DNA barcode data
https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/24198/
Taxonomic notes on Babinskaiidae from the Cretaceous Burmese amber, with the description of a new species (Insecta, Neuroptera)
https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/22510/
Laubuka tenella, a new species of cyprinid fish from southeastern Bangladesh and southwestern Myanmar (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Danioninae)
https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/22310/
New genus and species of sisyrids (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Late Cretaceous Myanmar amber
https://www.facebook.com/groups/799902210118950/permalink/1642543752521454/
https://www.facebook.com/Pensoft/
Similar to Zoology V (20)
The Conditional State of Primates in Selected Zoological Garden in Nigeria: A...
The Conditional State of Primates in Selected Zoological Garden in Nigeria: A...
A unique nest protection strategy in a new species of spider wasp
A unique nest protection strategy in a new species of spider wasp
Can religion be used to create ecological awareness (2)
Can religion be used to create ecological awareness (2)
More from Tusar Ghosal
Study of hymenopteran Parasitoids.pptx
Brief morphology with images for practical classes of Post graduate students of Zoology, Agriculture, Horticulture and basic science.
General organization of a Insect.pptx
Insects have a segmented body divided into three main parts - the head, thorax, and abdomen. The head contains eyes, antennae, and mouthparts and can be oriented in three positions - prognathous, hypognathous, or opisthognathous. The thorax is composed of three segments that each contain a pair of legs and in some insects a pair of wings. The abdomen contains the digestive and reproductive organs.
Honey bee practical class.pptx
This document provides information about honey bees and their classification. It discusses that there are over 100,000 bee species classified into 90 families. It then lists and describes some common Indian bee species, including Apis cerena, Apis dorsata, Apis florea, and Apis melifera. It also outlines the taxonomic classification of bees from order to species. Key physical features of honey bees are noted such as legs adapted for carrying pollen and three submarginal cells on the forewing.
Honey bee practical class.pptx
This document provides information about honey bees and their classification. It discusses that there are over 100,000 bee species classified into 90 families. It then lists and describes some common Indian bee species, including Apis cerena, Apis dorsata, Apis florea, and Apis melifera. The document also outlines the taxonomic classification of honey bees from order to species level. It provides details on physical features of honey bees such as their legs, wings, and wax glands.
Head of Insect.pptx
The document summarizes the anatomy of an insect's head. It describes the key regions and structures of the head, including the vertex, frons, genae, compound eyes, antennae, and ocelli. It provides detailed descriptions and labeled diagrams of the dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the head. The summary focuses on identifying the main external structures of the insect head and their locations.
ANTENNAE.pptx
The document discusses the different types of antennae found in insects. It begins by providing background on antennae, noting that they are sensory organs located on the head of most arthropods. It then describes 13 main types of insect antennae based on their shape, including filiform, ensiform, setaceous, moniliform, capitate, clavate, serrate, lamellate, flabellate, pectinate, bi-pectinate, plumose, and geniculate antennae. Each type is defined and examples are given of insect orders that possess that antenna type. The document aims to provide classification and identification of antennae among insects.
Pragjyotisha Vol. V
1. Several kingdoms existed in the region of Pragjyotisha (present-day Northeast India and parts of Bangladesh) during 1400-1500 AD, including Bhutan, Nepal, Tripura, Raha Baropujiya, Darrang, Jayantia, Kachari, Sadia, Ahom, and Gour Bengal.
2. The ruling dynasties of these kingdoms included the Bhutia in Bhutan, Malla in Nepal, Manikya in Tripura, Khen in Darrang, Brahmin in Jayantia, Kachari in Dimapur, Chutiya in Sadia, Ahom in the eponymous kingdom, and Indo-
PRAGJYOTISHA Vol. IV
1. The document reviews the history of the Kamata Kingdom from 1200-1498 AD, located in western Kamarupa (present-day India and Bangladesh).
2. It describes the ruling dynasties of the Kamata Kingdom during this period, including the Khen, Kheng-Bhutia, Arimatta, and Khen rulers.
3. In 1498 AD, the Muslim ruler Hussain Shah invaded and ended the Khen Dynasty, displacing the last Khen king Nilambar and destroying the capital of Kamatapur. The region then came under Muslim rule.
Pragjyotisha Vol. III
This document provides a historical overview of kingdoms and dynasties that ruled the region of Pragjyotisha (present-day Northeast India and parts of Nepal) between 300 AD to 900 AD. It mentions the Sudra, Varman, Licchavi, Gupta, Salastambha, Dimasa and other dynasties that ruled different parts of the region during this period. It provides details on the rulers of each dynasty and references information from sources like inscriptions, Puranas and accounts of Chinese travelers who visited the region.
Pragjyotisha Vol. II
This document provides a historical overview of the kingdom of Pragjyotisha from pre-historic times through approximately 600 AD. It discusses the various dynasties that ruled the region, including the Danava, Gopala, Kirata, Naraka/Bhauma, and Sonitpura dynasties. Key details include the first rulers from each dynasty, the regions they ruled, and references from Hindu texts like the Ramayana and Mahabharata that describe the different time periods and rulers.
PRAGJYOTISHA Vol. I
This document provides a historical overview of the region of Pragjyotisha, which later became known as Cooch Behar. It discusses the various dynasties and kingdoms that ruled the region from ancient times, including the Danava dynasty, Bhaumasura dynasty, Kachari, Sadiya, Pala, Ahom, Chutiya, and Muslim rulers. It also references the mythology and epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata to discuss dates related to Lord Rama and Lord Krishna. The document reviews the various eras of history in the region from the Copper Age to the Iron Age. It provides context on migration patterns of modern humans into the area approximately 22,000
Fish of North bengal Vol.iii
1) The document provides information on various exotic and non-resident fish species found in North Bengal, India that were introduced from other countries or regions.
2) It describes the origin and introduction year of different fish species imported from places like China, Thailand, Indonesia, Africa, and other parts of India.
3) The document is authored by Dr. Tusar K. Ghosal of the Department of Entomology at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya and is dedicated to famous Indian insect taxonomists.
Fish of North Bengal Vol. ii (total slides 66)
This document provides information on over 100 species of fish found in North Bengal, India. It includes the scientific and common names of each species in Bengali and English, as well as notes on conservation status and occurrence in major rivers. Some key points covered are:
- Many native loach, catfish and snakehead species are listed as endangered or critically endangered in North Bengal.
- Major rivers in the region include the Teesta, Mahananda, Torsa and others.
- A wide variety of carp species are documented, along with threatened barils and mahseers.
- The document is dedicated to Indian insect taxonomists and contains specimen identification codes.
Fish of North Bengal Vol. I (Total slides 48)
This document provides information on fish diversity in North Bengal, India. It was published on January 21, 2020 by Dr. Tusar K. Ghosal of the Department of Entomology at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya. It contains descriptions of 42 fish specimens native to North Bengal, including their scientific names, local names, and conservation status. It also lists the major rivers in North Bengal and provides fish diversity statistics for North Bengal, West Bengal, India, and worldwide. The document is dedicated to Indian insect taxonomists.
Mammals of ubkv (29 slides)
This document provides information on various mammal species found at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya in West Bengal, India. It lists species under categories of resident and common, resident and occasional, non-resident and domestic, non-resident and occasional, and non-resident and rare. For each species, it provides the common English and Bengali names, along with 1-2 sentences describing characteristics, habitat, or role in the region. A total of 20 different mammal species are outlined.
Birds of UBKV ( 61 slides )
Brief description and images of the birds of Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya (Agricultural University Campus) , W.B. India
Entomology Laboratory at a glance (Slides 103)
The document provides an overview of the entomology laboratory at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya. It includes photos and descriptions of the various facilities and equipment available, such as insect rearing equipment, collection and preservation tools, microscopes, chemicals, and more. The goal is to demonstrate the resources and capabilities of the laboratory for teaching, research, and practical training regarding insect biology, taxonomy, and pest management.
Bag Worm Moth, 20 slides.
1. The bagworm (Eumeta crameri) is a species of moth that builds protective silk bags that it lives within as a larvae.
2. As a larvae, the bagworm attaches pieces of twigs and bark to its silk bag, which it renews periodically throughout its larval stage to accommodate growth.
3. The female adult moths are wingless and die inside their bags after mating and laying eggs, while male moths die outside after mating. Their bags provide protection throughout development.
Cricula Silk Moth
The document discusses several species of wild silk moths in the genus Cricula found in North Bengal, India. It focuses on Cricula trifenestrata, noting its distribution, life cycle, and that it feeds on leaves from various plant hosts. It also describes morphological features and provides images of the female and larvae. Cricula trifenestrata is a multivoltine wild insect that produces golden colored fine silk and has been an important source of raw silk for local tribes in North Bengal.
More from Tusar Ghosal (20)
Recently uploaded
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Aberdeen
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.How to deliver Powerpoint Presentations.pptx
"How to make and deliver dynamic presentations by making it more interactive to captivate your audience attention"
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Physical pharmaceutics notes for B.pharm students
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdBBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
Recently uploaded (20)
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Zoology V
- 1. Basic Zoology Series : V Tusar Kanti Ghosal M.Sc Ph.D Email: drtkghosal@gmail.com
- 8. Indian Journals of Zoology
- 9. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), U.K. According to IUCN,the formally stated goals of the Red List are(1) to provide scientifically based information on the status of species and subspecies at a global level, (2) to draw attention to the magnitude and importance of threatened biodiversity, (3) to influence national and international policy and decision-making, and (4) to provide information to guide actions to conserve biological diversity.
- 10. International Career Institute, U.K. Zoology (UG:Diploma)
- 11. The Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. USA (world's largest museum, education, and research complex, with 19 museums and the National Zoo)
- 14. WWF Headquarter: Gland, Switzerland
- 15. The Ashmolean Museum U.K. oldest University Museum (1677)
- 16. Bogd Khan Uul Mountain National Park, Mongolia (1778)
- 17. Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, was declared as oldest Wildlife Sanctuary (247 BC) by king Devanampiya
- 18. Tiergarten Schönbrunn, the oldest Zoo in the world is in Vienna, Austria (1752)
- 19. The Linnean Society, U.K. is the world's oldest Zoological Society (1788)
- 22. BITE FORCE pounds/square inch (psi)