Floating Row Covers for Gardens in Maryland; Gardening Guidebook for Maryland www.scribd.com/doc/239851313 ~ Maryland Master Gardeners, Grow It Eat It campaign, University of Maryland, For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/239851214 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/239851079 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/239851159 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/239851159 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/239851348 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/239850440 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/239850233 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools, Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/23985111 ~
Row Covers - Extending the Season; Gardening Guidebook for Cumberland Countiy, Pennsylvania ~ Master Gardeners of Cumberland Countiy, Pennsylvania State University ~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Feb 2011 Louisiana School Gardening News
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double your School Garden Food Production with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases School Garden Food Production by 250 Percent
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Row Covers & Protection of Seedlings & Transplants; Gardening Guidebook for Crow Wing County, Minnesota ~ Master Gardeners of Crow Wing County, University of Minnesota ~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Row Covers - Extending the Season; Gardening Guidebook for Cumberland Countiy, Pennsylvania ~ Master Gardeners of Cumberland Countiy, Pennsylvania State University ~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Feb 2011 Louisiana School Gardening News
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double your School Garden Food Production with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases School Garden Food Production by 250 Percent
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Row Covers & Protection of Seedlings & Transplants; Gardening Guidebook for Crow Wing County, Minnesota ~ Master Gardeners of Crow Wing County, University of Minnesota ~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Tomatoes for Everyone; Gardening Guidebook for Sandoval County, New Mexico ~ Master Gardeners of Sandoval County, New Mexico State University ~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
May 2012 Louisiana School Gardening News
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double your School Garden Food Production with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases School Garden Food Production by 250 Percent
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
by Steve Bogash, Horticulture Extension Educator/Researcher | Penn State University
Presented at the 2015 Minnesota Statewide High Tunnel Conference
Feb. 17-18, 2015
Saving Seeds from Heirloom and Other Vegetables ~ Washington State Univ
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
Steve Bogash, Horticulture Extension Educator/Researcher | Penn State University
Presented at the 2015 Minnesota Statewide High Tunnel Conference
Feb. 17-18, 2015
Join Seed Savers Exchange and South Sioux City Public Library on learning how to incorporate a Seed Saving program into your library. Seed Savers Exchange will talk about basic seed saving skills and Herman’s Garden (a seed donation program). The South Sioux City Library will talk about their program and also materials you can add to your collection. Speakers: Grant Olson, Seed Savers Exchange; Dave Mixdorf, Director, South Sioux City Public Library.
NCompass Liv
Planning & Planting Your Fall & Winter Garden; Gardening Guidebook for Skagit County, Washington ~ Master Gardeners of Skagit County, Washington State University~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
by Steve Bogash, Horticulture Extension Educator/Researcher | Penn State University
Presented at the 2015 Minnesota Statewide High Tunnel Conference
Feb. 17-18, 2015
Tomatoes for Everyone; Gardening Guidebook for Sandoval County, New Mexico ~ Master Gardeners of Sandoval County, New Mexico State University ~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
May 2012 Louisiana School Gardening News
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double your School Garden Food Production with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases School Garden Food Production by 250 Percent
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
by Steve Bogash, Horticulture Extension Educator/Researcher | Penn State University
Presented at the 2015 Minnesota Statewide High Tunnel Conference
Feb. 17-18, 2015
Saving Seeds from Heirloom and Other Vegetables ~ Washington State Univ
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
Steve Bogash, Horticulture Extension Educator/Researcher | Penn State University
Presented at the 2015 Minnesota Statewide High Tunnel Conference
Feb. 17-18, 2015
Join Seed Savers Exchange and South Sioux City Public Library on learning how to incorporate a Seed Saving program into your library. Seed Savers Exchange will talk about basic seed saving skills and Herman’s Garden (a seed donation program). The South Sioux City Library will talk about their program and also materials you can add to your collection. Speakers: Grant Olson, Seed Savers Exchange; Dave Mixdorf, Director, South Sioux City Public Library.
NCompass Liv
Planning & Planting Your Fall & Winter Garden; Gardening Guidebook for Skagit County, Washington ~ Master Gardeners of Skagit County, Washington State University~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
by Steve Bogash, Horticulture Extension Educator/Researcher | Penn State University
Presented at the 2015 Minnesota Statewide High Tunnel Conference
Feb. 17-18, 2015
This ppt of an invited address to an annual national child psychiatry conference reflects on recent child suicides (aged 9-14) in Australia. It builds a case for a prevention paradigm building on a current national assessment of education scores (NAPLAN). The ppt argues that adding a national assessment process for mental health in all schools (WELLPLAN), could drive competitive adoption of mental wellness programs in schools.
Greenhouse: Fertile Ground for Growing Minds
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
Benefits of Enabled Gardening - Gardening for the Homeless
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
Families in rural Guatemala working to improve their food supply and nutrition for their children need help in protecting their gardens from damage from thunderously heavy rains.
May 2013 Louisiana School Gardening News
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double your School Garden Food Production with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases School Garden Food Production by 250 Percent
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Native Know-How is a free PowerPoint slide show for individual reading or public presentations. It encourages land use which protects the environment and wildlife habitat. Th
Similar to Floating Row Covers for Gardens in Maryland; Gardening Guidebook for Maryland (20)
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
Floating Row Covers for Gardens in Maryland; Gardening Guidebook for Maryland
1. Observations and Lessons from 2009 Food Gardens
Jon Traunfeld, Extension Specialist, Fruits and Vegetables, and
State Master Gardener Coordinator
2009 was a rewarding year for people who love to grow some of their own food.
For once, we got some recognition and respect because of the intense public
interest in growing vegetables. The “growing” trend was fueled primarily by the
recession, the White House kitchen garden, and an emphasis on going green and
eating local. After all, you cannot get much more local than your own front- or
back-yard! Seed sales when through the roof and, based on a national survey, the
National Gardening Association predicted a 19% increase in the number of U.S.
households producing vegetables.
The Grow It Eat It campaign is the University of Maryland Extension’s
response to the huge new demand for information and assistance with starting
and maintaining successful food gardens. Master Gardeners taught classes,
demonstrated sustainable gardening techniques, and promoted food gardening
from one end of the state to the other. Faculty and staff at the Home and Garden
Information Center answered hundreds of gardening and pest questions. In
the course of teaching Master Gardeners and community gardeners I visited
many gardens and farms in 2009. This is the best part of the job- learning from
interactions with my fellow tillers (or no-tillers!) and learning by observing what’s
going on in the vegetable beds and fields that I visit.
Get answers and fix mistakes now- don’t wait till next year to get answers to the
many questions you asked yourself and problems that you observed in the garden.
It never fails that people call the garden hotline in May right as they are planting
to ask about something they vaguely remembered was troubling them from last
season. Call our garden hotline (800-342-25070 or e-mail us your questions
today!
Keep working on your soil- it takes several years to transform infertile and
compacted soil into the rich, soft soil that will produce high yields every season.
It’s easy for first year community and backyard gardeners to become frustrated by
poor soil. Don’t give up! Just keep adding compost, and applying organic mulches.
Apply a 4-inch layer of shredded leaves over all your beds to protect and enrich
your soil.
November - December 2009
In this issue....
• Observations
and Lessons
from 2009
• Don’t Move
Firewood!
• Fall Pruning
of Landscape
Trees and
Shrubs
• Reflections
of a Plant
Pathologist
• Ask the
Expert
• Gardening
Gifts
• November
& December
Tips
Calendars
Websites
• Home and
Garden
Information
Center
• Grow It Eat It
• Maryland
Master
Gardeners
1
MARYLAND
INFORMATION CENTER
2. Critter control- sharing some of the bounty with
wildlife is one thing, but a lone deer or groundhog
can devastate your un-protected garden. Stay
tuned as we add fencing information to the
Grow It Eat It web site. Wildlife pressure on food
gardens is significant throughout Maryland. Some
type of fence is the surest method for excluding
unwanted critters.
Grow transplants to fill your garden beds -
this summer I saw a lot of wasted seed sown
incorrectly, at the wrong depth and spacing. I also
saw a lot of seeds displaced or washed out of soil
by heavy rain and lots of seeds damaged or eaten
by birds, insects, and diseases. Growing your own
transplants or “starts” will greatly increase garden
productivity. How you ask? By giving your plants
a head start under a fluorescent shop light inside
or in a plastic flat or Salad BoxTM outside you
can shorten the time plants need to mature in the
garden and reduce wasted space. You also save time
and money by eliminating the need for thinning
and re-planting.
An attractive wood and woven wire fence protecting a school garden.
A solar powered electric fence with two strands of white polywire.
Grow transplants from March - August to fill empty spaces in
your garden.
Salad Tables and Salad Boxes are great nurseries for baby plants
that you can transplant into your garden.
This row cover is laying directly on top of fall vegetable plants.
Try floating row covers- I always tell people that
I’m a cheap gardener. I don’t run out to buy the
latest and greatest gadgets, tools, and toys. But
here’s something I can easily recommend because
it more than pays for itself. Use floating row covers
to 1) exclude your toughest insect or bigger critter
problem and 2) to increase plant growth spring,
summer, and fall.
2
3. Connect with other gardeners - sharing the
bounty of your harvest and experience with
others is one of the great joys of growing food.
It puts a smile on the face of your grumpiest
neighbor! Form a vegetable garden club so
neighbors have a fun way to visit each others
gardens and learn together. Visit a community
garden, join a seed saving exchange, try a new
seed company, surf for good vegetable gardening
web sites- and JOIN the Grow It Eat It network.
Plant for beneficial insects- the most exciting
vegetable gardens are humming with insect
activity. If you plant to attract parasitoids,
predators, and pollinators, you will have bigger
yields and fewer pest problems. Here is a short
list of the many wonderful garden plants that will
provide nectar, pollen, and habitat for insects that
naturally control pests and pollinate our crops-
dill, fennel, hyssop, anise hyssop, asters and
zinnias, calendula, comfrey, red and white clover,
borage, mint, basil, broccoli raab, buckwheat,
alyssum, corn flower, bachelor’s button, bee balm,
and butterfly weed.
Hoops made from #9 galvanized wire are pushed into the soil to
support this floating row cover.
A bumble bee visiting anise hyssop flowers.
Sheet composting, weedless gardening, no-till
gardening, lasagna gardening- call it what you
want- it works! We used the technique on three
new 8 ft. X 8 ft. beds at the Home and Garden
Information Center with excellent results. Just
spread overlapping sections of newspaper or
un-waxed cardboard over the new garden area
and cover with an 8-12 inch layer of compost and
shredded leaves. By spring you’ll be ready to plant
into the new bed without turning the soil.
This bed was created without thuring over a shovelful of soil!
Cardboard and newspaper smothered the grass. The bed is ringed
with a path of shredded pine bark mulch.
3
Late blight lessons- this disease that infects and
kills tomato and potato plants was devastating
to many gardeners and farmers. Tomato plants
infected with Phytophthora infestans were
purchased by home gardeners at large retailers.
The widespread problem pointed up the risks
associated with regional and national supply chains
for live plants grown in huge quantities at a small
number of sites. We can reduce our collective risks
4. for these types of major outbreaks by growing our own transplants or
purchasing locally grown plants.
A hard-to-beat-tomato- if you only have room for one tomato plant
next year- in the ground or in a container- you may want to plant
‘Juliet’, a 1999 All-American Selections winner. This F1 hybrid tomato
is not waiting around for Romeo; she’s busy producing clusters of
nearly perfect fruits. They are the size and shape of an elongated
chicken egg- similar to but larger than the grape tomato cultivars
popular with gardeners. Kids love to pick and eat the fruits. Best of
all, they remain fully ripe and tasty stored in a bowl in your kitchen 2
weeks after harvest. Quite remarkable.
‘Juliet’ hybrid tomato
Don’t Move Firewood!
by Mary Kay Malinoski, Extension Specialist, Entomology
Do you like the sound of a perfect pitch smashed over the left field fence or real maple syrup on
your pancakes??.....Then don’t move firewood!
Huh? Believe it or not, they do have something in
common. Some of the worst invasive pests have
been and are being moved around the country
in firewood. Emerald ash borer has largely been
spread around the mid-Atlantic and mid-West
by people moving firewood. Emerald ash borer
kills ash trees and has been devastating to ash
trees in urban and forest settings. Most of the ash
trees harvested for making baseball bats and tool
handles come from Pennsylvania and New York, both of which
have emerald ash borer like Maryland does.
Asian longhorned beetle is a devastating pest of maple and
other hardwoods. It is currently infesting trees in the New
York City area, parts of New Jersey, Chicago, and in Worcester,
Massachusetts which is perilously close to the main maple
sugar production areas of the Northeast US and Quebec,
Canada. It is just a short camper or trailer ride with some
infested firewood to Maryland and there goes our maples! We
have many maples planted as street trees and in our forests.
We don’t want this critter!
Emerald ash borer larvae inside infested ash tree
Emerald ash
borer adult
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4
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5. All hardwoods look pretty much the same when bucked up and split for firewood. It is extremely difficult
to tell what species of wood you are buying. Buyer beware and be careful. Take the pledge not to move
firewood at stopthebeetle.info. Maryland needs more votes! Remember: BURN FIREWOOD WHERE YOU
BUY IT!
For more information on Emerald ash borer and Asian longhorned beetle see HGIC’s emerald ash borer
page, U of MD’s Pest Threats website, and the University of Vermont’s Asian Longhorned beetle page.
Asian longhorned beetle, adult and larval galleries Asian longhorned beetle infested maple logs
Photo by: Patricia Douglass, USDA APHIS-PPQ
Exactly what is pruning? Why and how do you
do it?
Pruning is very different from “trimming”.
Pruning involves the selective removal of plant
parts, sometimes significant size parts to help
train a tree or shrub, to remove problem branches,
or to “rejuvenate” an older declining tree or shrub.
When properly done it will improve overall plant
health, vigor, productivity, and appearance.
Trimming is far less dramatic procedure that
involves the removal of branch tips, unwanted
shoots, or water sprouts on the trunk. A common
example of trimming is the shearing of a hedge or
shrub to make it denser. Trimming may be safely
done almost anytime that it is required. However,
extensive trimming late in the summer can cause
new sprouts to emerge which will not harden
properly before winter. These new shoots will
usually die during winter. (To learn more about
triming, watch these HGIC trimming videos.)
Pruning, because it has a much greater influence
on the growth of a tree or shrub needs to be done
at the proper time to avoid causing problems.
Timing:
Spring flowering trees and shrubs produce their
blossoms on the wood produced in the previous
year. Basically any tree or shrub that blooms
before mid-June is classified as a spring-flowering
plant. To avoid reducing the bloom for the current
spring, prune these plants soon after flowering
but before midsummer.
Summer and fall flowering trees and shrubs
produce their blossoms on the new wood
produced in the current spring. Prune these in the
Fall Pruning of Landscape Trees and Shrubs
by Ray Bosmans, Professor Emeritus, University of MD.
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5
6. spring and you can actually improve the blossom
display.
Non-flowering trees and shrubs may be pruned
in the spring or in the late fall or winter. Needled
evergreens can be pruned in the spring, early
summer, late fall or winter.
Contrary to older recommendations, it is no longer
recommended to prune back plants after planting
or transplanting (except for fruit trees).
Types of Pruning:
• Renewal or rejuvenation pruning- most
woody plants can be rejuvenated with
pruning that removes most or all of the older
growth. It reduces the size of the plant and
stimulates new growth from the base. This
type of pruning is often done on overgrown
foundation plants, old forsythia, lilac,
viburnums, hydrangeas and other shrubs. It is
best done early in the spring.
• Dead wood removal- the removal of dead or
badly diseased branches can be safely done
at any time of the year. Its removal has no
detrimental effect on the plant.
• Low hanging branch removal- a problem
branch or two from a tree that is so low that
becomes a safety issue may also be pruned off
anytime. However if many branches need to
be removed to ‘elevate’ a tree this is best done
in the early spring or late fall/winter while the
tree is still dormant.
• Training a plant- as a new tree grows it may
need a little help developing a straight single
trunk and branches that are well angled and
spaced out. Pruning during the first few years
after planting will help. A shade tree should
have a single trunk that does not divide into
two or more trunks. Branches should not cross
over each other or rub each other. Sometimes
too many branches are growing too closely
together and need to be thinned. Many older
trees develop a dense canopy of branches.
This makes a tree prone to breakage during
strong winds during summer thunder storms.
Its help to selectively thin out the branches
to allow wind to flow through the tree rather
than push against it.
Making the cut:
Most pruning cuts only involve the cutting of a
twig with pruners or a pruning saw. Branches
that are one to two inches, and larger, in diameter
must be cut in a three- step process to prevent
bark damage to the trunk. The first saw cut is an
“under cut” a few inches away from the trunk at
the branch collar. This cut is only a third of the
way into the branch. It will prevent the branch
from stripping the bark from the trunk when it
falls. The second cut is made an inch or two away
from the first towards the end of the branch.
This cut is made all the way through. The branch
will fall off leaving a clean cut. The final cut is to
remove the small branch stub left behind. This is
not a flush cut. You should leave the branch collar
- that slightly raised area above the branch meets
the trunk. There is no need to paint a wound
dressing on the cut surface.
The pruning of fruit trees and cane-bearing
(brambles) fruits is a little different and more
involved than the pruning of ornamentals. Call
our hotline (800-342-2507) for more information.
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6
7. Reflections of a Plant Pathologist
by David Clement, Plant Pathologist
As this gardening season comes to a close it
might help to highlight some of the diseases that
impacted our Maryland plants. Many of you were
affected this year with a devastating vegetable
disease with a rich historical past known as late
blight. The disease came in early on infected
tomato transplants from garden centers and hung
around to also infect our main season tomato
crop. Our wet summer helped this disease
flourish and cause a lot of disappointment for
many vegetable gardeners. As a plant pathologist
I can’t help taking this event as a teachable
moment for those who forget the impact this
disease had on some of our fellow Irishmen
around 1845. I’m speaking of the potato famine
that caused starvation and large numbers of
immigrants to come to this country looking for a
better life. In those days the role of pathogens
and disease cycles were largely unknown and
the science of plant pathology was being born.
It was humbling to see this disease advance
even with our more sophisticated knowledge,
and experience how fast it wiped out home
garden harvests. Indications so far are that
the devastation this summer was caused by the
common strain of this pathogen and that means
that it should not overwinter here in Maryland.
Let’s hope that we get a clean start next season.
On other disease notes this season brought us
a new previously unreported powdery mildew
disease on Bradford pear in the Maryland
landscape. Although to a plant pathologist this
is an exciting piece of history it might just be
another nail in the coffin for the once beloved
Bradford. Another serious discovery this season
was the first report of Sudden Oak Death or
Ramorum Blight on a witch hazel in a Maryland
landscape. This is a serious development and
one that will be monitored closely because of
the potential spread in our neighborhoods and
forests. Read more about this threat on our
web site. Also under promising new disease
developments we are currently investigating a
new foliar blight of Japanese Stiltgrass which is a
very invasive weed in our landscapes and native
environments. We might get lucky and see this
disease reduce the spread of this weed.
Finally for all those of you who can’t get enough of
this kind of interesting stuff consider purchasing
a copy of our newly printed book on pests and
diseases of broadleaved shrubs and shade trees
available from the Natural Resource, Agriculture,
and Engineering Service (www.nraes.org). I’m
sure that it will be a real page turner during this
holiday season.
Question: Earlier this fall I divided and replanted
many of my established perennials such as coral
bells, foamflower, coreopsis, and daylilies. Is there
something that I should do to protect them during
the winter?
Ask the Expert
by Debra Ricigliano, Certified Professional Horticulturist
Answer: Yes, if you haven’t done so already
apply several inches of mulch, shredded leaves or
pine needles in the bed after the first hard frost.
Evergreen boughs laid throughout the bed also
provide protection. Periods of freezing and thawing
causes plants to heave from the soil, exposing roots
to wind desiccation. Perennials planted in clay
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7
8. soil are at a higher risk for heaving because clay
soil holds more moisture. Fluctuating winter
temperatures also increases the problem. A solid
layer of packed snow actually provides more root
protection. Remove the mulch in early spring
before new growth begins.
Question: I purchased a large potted amaryllis
plant in October, hoping to enjoy it over the
holidays. The plant has long, strap-like leaves and
two thicker stems topped with two buds on each
stalk. The buds look like they are about to open
any day now. Please tell me how to take care of the
plant and what should I do after it blooms?
Answer: Amaryllis are in the genus Hippeastrum
and are native to South America and South Africa.
They need bright light with some direct sunlight
during the active growth period. So keep it in
a sunny window. Normal room temperatures
are fine except when flowering. Temperatures
between 55○
-65○
F will prolong the bloom period.
Right now water enough to keep the soil moist,
allowing the excess to drain from the container.
Water less often after it has finished blooming;
wait until the potting mixture feels dry. When all
blooms have faded cut off the flower stalk at the
base and be careful not to injure the leaves.
At this point it is important to encourage leaf
growth; healthy leaves produce energy that
is used to form flowers next year. Keep it
watered and fertilize monthly with a complete,
water soluble houseplant fertilizer. After the
danger of frost has past bring it outdoors and
slowly introduce the plant to a sunny location.
Again keep it watered and fertilized through
the summer. If you want it to bloom around
the holidays again you will need to begin the
dormancy period by mid-August. Stop watering
it and move it to a cool, dark location. The leaves
will yellow and die back. You can also leave it
outdoors until nighttime temperatures dip into
the mid-fifties, but it will bloom later in the
winter. Keep the bulb on the dry side and do not
fertilize. After about 8-10 weeks of dormancy you
should notice the tip of a flower stalk emerging.
Move it back to a sunny, warm location and begin
watering and fertilizing it again.
Gardening Gifts
Not sure what to get your
garden lover this holiday
season? Give the gift
of practical, up-to-date,
expert information…in
the form of the Maryland
Master Gardener
Handbook.
For gardeners who wish
they knew more, this is
a treasure trove of academically researched and
experientially tested information on effective and
sustainable horticulture.
Produced by faculty at the University of Maryland
College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, this
640-page spiral bound book makes a wonderful
addition to the reference library of both beginning
and seasoned gardeners. Order your copy online
or print and mail your order form. The price is
$69 which includes shipping. Questions? Call Robin
Hessey at 410-531-1754.
Looking for other gift options? We have a limited
number of Salad BoxesTM
and Salad BoxTM
kits
available. The Salad BoxTM (
$49.95 plus shipping)
measures 22” x 15” x 4” and is hand crafted of
Western cedar. It
will provide years
of gardening and
eating pleasure.
The kit, includes
a Salad BoxTM
,
nutrient-rich
organic potting
mix, lettuce seeds
and instructions.
It sells for $69.95
plus shipping.
Place your order
on the Grow It
Eat It website.
Questions? Call
Ria Malloy at 410-
531-5556.
Salad BoxTM
Kit
Salad BoxTM
TOP8
9. 1 2 3
Continue to plant
spring flowering
bulbs
4 5
Caulk, seal up
cracks & entry
points to prevent
critters from
coming indoors
6 7
Nursery trees &
shrubs can be
planted until the
ground freezes
►HG 24
8 9
Monitor your
houseplants for
scale, aphids
and spider mites
►HG60
10 11
Plant garlic by mid-
November
12 13
Fall cleanup
reduces diseases
& insects which
overwinter in plant
material
14
15
Older leaf drop on
rhododendrons &
evergreen shrubs
is normal
16 17
Fall is the best
time to trap voles
►FS 654
18 19
Incorporate
organic matter into
your vegetable
garden
20 21
Dig hole now if you
will be planting a
“live” Christmas
tree after the
holiday
22 23
Drain outdoor
faucets & hoses
24 25
Remove & destroy
gypsy moth egg
masses ►HG-44
26 27
Store leftover
seeds in a cool, dry
place
28
29 30
Look! This symbol ►indicates we have a publication
on this topic! Call 800-342-2507 to request a copy,
or view it on our website www.hgic.umd.edu
NOVEMBER2009
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
MARYLANDMARYLAND
DECEMBER2009
1 2
Wipe the leaves of
houseplants with
a damp cloth to
remove dust
3 4
Buying a live
Christmas tree?
Read ►HG 46
5
6 7
Allow soil of
houseplants to
dry out between
waterings
8 9 10
Store fertilizer in
solid containers
to prevent rodent
feeding
11 12
Prune evergreens
for holiday greens
►HG 84
13
Buying a cut
Christmas tree?
Read ►HG 45
14 15
Turn compost bin -
keep it moist
16 17 18
Water young &
newly planted
trees & shrubs until
ground freezes
19
20 21
Store bird seed in
metal trash cans
with lids
22 23
Provide a source of
fresh water for birds
through the winter
24 25 26
27 28 29
Avoid using
fertilizers to melt
ice. Use bay
friendly methods
►FS 707
30 31
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
This symbol ► indicates we have a publication on this topic
Call us with your question!
800-342-2507
This symbol ►indicates we have a publication on this topic