This is a case based on public private partnership, its implications and drawbacks with Yogyakarta Bus terminal: The Private Provision of Municipal Infrastructure case. This is a case in Infrastructure Policy and Regulations.
Detailed description of Capacity and Level of service of Multi lane highways based on Highway Capacity Manual (HCM2010) along with one example for finding LOS of a highway
traffic volume studies pdf
traffic studies pdf
types of traffic engineering studies
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traffic volume study
traffic impact studies
types of traffic studies
traffic safety studies
average daily traffic calculation
traffic volume formula
how to calculate adt traffic
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traffic growth rate calculator
aadt to peak hour volume
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The LRT Line 2 Operation and Maintenance Project proposes private sector engagement to operate and maintain the existing 13.8km LRT Line 2 including the proposed 4.19km East Extension and other extensions that DOTC may add to LRT Line 2 in the future for a period of 10 to 15 years.
Detailed description of Capacity and Level of service of Multi lane highways based on Highway Capacity Manual (HCM2010) along with one example for finding LOS of a highway
traffic volume studies pdf
traffic studies pdf
types of traffic engineering studies
traffic volume study report
traffic volume study
traffic impact studies
types of traffic studies
traffic safety studies
average daily traffic calculation
traffic volume formula
how to calculate adt traffic
calculating adt from peak hour
traffic volume growth factor formula
traffic growth rate calculator
aadt to peak hour volume
calculate dhv from adt
The LRT Line 2 Operation and Maintenance Project proposes private sector engagement to operate and maintain the existing 13.8km LRT Line 2 including the proposed 4.19km East Extension and other extensions that DOTC may add to LRT Line 2 in the future for a period of 10 to 15 years.
Public Bicycle Sharing (PBS) systems have been recognized by cities around the world as a useful and beneficial public transport service. India has yet to see the implementation of a city-wide PBS system, despite numerous local and neighborhood scale pilot initiatives across the country. However, several Indian cities are now in the advanced stages of developing large scale PBS systems. In this webinar, Mr. Ashwin Prabhu and Ms. Ranjana Menon provided an overview of the lessons learnt from this process, and the particular challenges of implementing PBS systems in Indian cities.
The webinar recording can be seen here - https://www2.gotomeeting.com/register/517555170
Related research - http://embarqindiahub.org/publications/bicycle-rental-market-indore
Capacity & Level of Service: Highways & Signalized Intersections (Indo-HCM)Vijai Krishnan V
This presentation gives a glimpse on estimating the capacity and Level of Service (LOS) of highway midblock sections and signalized intersections under heterogeneous traffic conditions using the Indo-HCM 2017 Manual. It also compares the Indo-HCM LOS estimation methods with US-HCM. Some practice questions are also included.
I acknowledge the co-author Ms. Sethulakshmi G (Ph. D. Scholar, NIT Surathkal) for her valuable contribution to this presentation.
role of IRC in transportation development in indiaRAJPREMANI
this is a review paper on "ROLE OF IRC IN TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA" which is publised in IJIRMF ( INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY FIELD" PUBLISHED IN OCTOBER 2016 WITH PAPER ID 201610082
To assess the risks involved in BOT PROJECT by studying a specific case of Implementation of
integrated road development program me(IRDP) in the city on built, operate & transport (BOT) basis. To Study
the individualistic approach of the involved parties.
BOT has been one of the recent innovations in project finance. The Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) scheme is a
limited recourse financing technique. Many have adopted this approach as an alternative to traditional public
financing for infrastructure development projects.
This study examines the type of SOCIAL risk due to, force shutdown of toll booths due to public riots .This paper
mainly representing therisk inBOT due to political & public pressure. A case study of IRDP project
implemented in municipal corporation area through BOT is studied in detail
Public Bicycle Sharing (PBS) systems have been recognized by cities around the world as a useful and beneficial public transport service. India has yet to see the implementation of a city-wide PBS system, despite numerous local and neighborhood scale pilot initiatives across the country. However, several Indian cities are now in the advanced stages of developing large scale PBS systems. In this webinar, Mr. Ashwin Prabhu and Ms. Ranjana Menon provided an overview of the lessons learnt from this process, and the particular challenges of implementing PBS systems in Indian cities.
The webinar recording can be seen here - https://www2.gotomeeting.com/register/517555170
Related research - http://embarqindiahub.org/publications/bicycle-rental-market-indore
Capacity & Level of Service: Highways & Signalized Intersections (Indo-HCM)Vijai Krishnan V
This presentation gives a glimpse on estimating the capacity and Level of Service (LOS) of highway midblock sections and signalized intersections under heterogeneous traffic conditions using the Indo-HCM 2017 Manual. It also compares the Indo-HCM LOS estimation methods with US-HCM. Some practice questions are also included.
I acknowledge the co-author Ms. Sethulakshmi G (Ph. D. Scholar, NIT Surathkal) for her valuable contribution to this presentation.
role of IRC in transportation development in indiaRAJPREMANI
this is a review paper on "ROLE OF IRC IN TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA" which is publised in IJIRMF ( INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY FIELD" PUBLISHED IN OCTOBER 2016 WITH PAPER ID 201610082
To assess the risks involved in BOT PROJECT by studying a specific case of Implementation of
integrated road development program me(IRDP) in the city on built, operate & transport (BOT) basis. To Study
the individualistic approach of the involved parties.
BOT has been one of the recent innovations in project finance. The Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) scheme is a
limited recourse financing technique. Many have adopted this approach as an alternative to traditional public
financing for infrastructure development projects.
This study examines the type of SOCIAL risk due to, force shutdown of toll booths due to public riots .This paper
mainly representing therisk inBOT due to political & public pressure. A case study of IRDP project
implemented in municipal corporation area through BOT is studied in detail
Public Private Partnership in Civil Engineeringvivatechijri
This report majorly focuses on the principles of Public Private Partnership (PPP), its different forms and their suitability as a possible procurement route to be used for the development of road sector in a developing country like India. The report also critically analyse the viability of Private Finance Initiative (PFI) and basic procurement routes for road projects. The report recommends the most suitable types of PPP for the new and maintenance project.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Legal Analysis of the Implementation of Electronic Parking System e Parking i...ijtsrd
Electronic parking E Parking is an electronic system for managing parking funds using non cash transactions and providing convenience for the public to make parking transactions, which aims to prevent leakage of regional levies. Since officially electronic parking has been something new in Medan City, it certainly causes a change in parking management. Based on the researcher’s observations, it is still necessary to analyze electronic parking management in Medan City. The problems in this study were How the Legal Position and Legality of Electronic Parking E Parking Management in Medan City was and How the Impact of Electronic Parking E Parking Management on Regional Original Revenues in Medan City was. The type of legal research used was empirical juridical, which was a research method that examined the applicable laws and regulations as well as what happened in reality in society. The study was conducted at the Department of Transportation of Medan City and PT. Logika Garis Elektronik. The data used were primary data and secondary data. The nature of the research used was descriptive analysis. Based on the results, the researcher concluded that the legal position of the Department of Transportation of Medan City was as a Government Regional Apparatus of Medan City that received a parking service fee deposit from PT. Electronic Line Logic, it means that the company was a legal entity or a third party in the management of electronic parking in charge of depositing parking service rates and providing electronic parking facilities in Medan City. The parties cooperation agreement was following the conditions for the agreement validity as stipulated in Article 1320 of the Civil Code. The Regional Original Revenues through the implementation of electronic parking in Medan City experienced a very significant increase of an increase of 155 . The authors hope that in order to avoid default or unlawful acts, the parties must be truly responsible for their respective rights and obligations, as well as the target of increasing parking service fee revenues must continue to be increased in order to achieve the potential as stipulated by the Mayors Decree Medan. H. Lawali Hasibuan | Dwina Aprilla "Legal Analysis of the Implementation of Electronic Parking System (e-Parking) in Medan City" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52427.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/52427/legal-analysis-of-the-implementation-of-electronic-parking-system-eparking-in-medan-city/h-lawali-hasibuan
The global pandemic has had a massive socio-economic impact on the urban mobility sector. As the government eases lockdown measures, urban mobility is becoming a huge focus of anxiety, with a large number of people considering when and how to resume travel. This implies that the transport system will have to be re-designed such that passengers are at a safe enough distance from each other. Serious questions like: will personal vehicles become the safest means to travel? What about the safety of people who cannot afford personal vehicles? What will happen to the present mode of public transport, will need answers.
This report titled, “Resetting for Urban Mobility 2020+ in India” discusses challenges brought in the urban mobility space by the COVID-19 pandemic. The document highlights the key measures to be taken at both the government and individual levels as public
transportation across the globe begins to unlock. Viewpoints from London, Singapore, and India – on the future of urban planning and public transport in response to the ongoing pandemic have also been discussed in this document. Experts from these counties contribute to a deeper understanding of safety measures adopted.
Challenges opportunities and way forward in making indian cities and citizens...ANIRBAN CHOUDHURY
This was presented by me during Panel Discussions on Captioned Topic during IoT India Congress – 2016 Bangalore, on 8th September 2016.
http://theiet.in/The_IET_announces_Indias_largest_conclave_on_the_Internet_of_Things%E2%80%93IoT_India_Congress_2016
It was a coincidence that during panel discussions I came across team from Deloitte and C44, instrumental in preparation of NTK's winning Smart City Proposal. For me it was one of the happiest moment for being in the same panel with current mentors, as I was involved with the NTK project from pre-takeoff to maturity stage.
In the captioned presentation I have highlighted the fact that NTK was designed with resiliant features, especially AA-1 of NTK and also how the AA-1D was made LEED Traditional Neighborhood Design compliant more than 1/2 a decade before it was formalized by USGBC, NRF & CNU. I have highlighted the salient features namely
(1) hierarchy of built & open spaces; habitats starting from neighborhoods- community -Towns with distinct boundary have been planned; socio-economic infrastructure has been planned in early 2000 that even fulfill the changed requirements of NBC2005 and UDPFI 2015. ;
(2) Though the city has been planned for inclusion of all class, creed & castes of the society, AA-1D has been designed for a well-diversified population (housing option) such that the SIMPSON Diversity index > 0.75.
(3) The hierarchy of roads and surface drainage were designed in such a way that it's having an inversely proportional relationship.
All the above resilience features were designed and built in the early 2000, 1/2 decade before Draft LEED TND of USGBC was published after 2005.
The structure of AA1D was designed to be resilient as it was meant to promote (a) Compact densification; (b) Scaling of a Traditional neighbourhood; (c) Fine Grain diversity
I have also highlighted the fact that what we have done in (terms of TND design) more than 1.5 decades back in the year 2000-01, is being replicated now as a Brownfeild Retrofit by Global Smart City Barcelona through creation of SMART SUPER BLOCKS ( we were ahead of time).
Also refer to linked-in posting " GREENFIELD URBAN RETROFIT - INSPIRED BY TRADITIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD DESIGN & URBAN PATTERN" for the story behind Smart Retrofit done by me for Action Area 1D in the year 2001.
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/greenfield-urban-retrofit-inspired-traditional-design-choudhury?trk=pulse_spock-articles
PM, take Mumbai airport as a test case for coming clean on crony capitalismnaresh minocha
Outgoing Indian Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh dislikes crony capitalism. Yet this dubious business model has flourished under his government. Financing of privatized Mumbai airport is a shining example of crony capitalism. PM should answer a few questions on crony capitalism that I have mentioned in this article that was published by India Legal magazine in its issue dated 30th April 2014.
As a citizen of India, we all pay taxes levied on income, goods and services for the facilities provided by the government. even after paying the Road tax we have to pay Tolls differently, why? why is it important? and how tolls we pay are used? Refer to the presentation above for more information
Statement of the Executive Mayor of Johannesburg, Cllr. Geoffery Makhubo SABC News
The City of Johannesburg is currently engaged in a Budget Lekgotla.
The Lekgotla is considering the adjustment budget and discussing the 2020/21 budget principles and priorities of the new Government of Local Unity (GLU).
SmartOwner Real Insights - Rise of the metropolisMohsin Vm
Metros have become a staple of fast-developing cities worldwide, and with good reason. A well-functioning metro ecosystem has been shown to cause a reduction in traffic congestion, lessened air pollution, and city-wide economic growth. It also reduces accident mortality on the road. The size of these effects is dependent on both the scale of the metro network and on the effectiveness of supporting policies (like bus feeder routes).
Read more - https://www.smartowner.com/blog/rise-of-the-metro-polis/
Economic Overview
The economy of Cambodia is expected to grow by 6.7% in 2013 and 7% in 2014. The forecast is based on the expected increases in agriculture, foreign direct investments in garment sector and a growing tourism industry. Regarding property sector, investments in construction grew by 123% with a total of US$1.94 billion during the first half of 2013, up from US$870 in the same period last year. There have been 571 construction companies in operations in Cambodia. The government approved $2.1 billion of construction projects in 2012, while it was only $1.2 billion in 2011. Experts are optimistic towards real estate market by the coming years, though they agree the stagnancy prior to, in time of, and post-national election.
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
NO1 Uk Divorce problem uk all amil baba in karachi,lahore,pakistan talaq ka m...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
NO1 Uk Black Magic Specialist Expert In Sahiwal, Okara, Hafizabad, Mandi Bah...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
NO1 Uk Rohani Baba In Karachi Bangali Baba Karachi Online Amil Baba WorldWide...Amil baba
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#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
how can I sell my pi coins for cash in a pi APPDOT TECH
You can't sell your pi coins in the pi network app. because it is not listed yet on any exchange.
The only way you can sell is by trading your pi coins with an investor (a person looking forward to hold massive amounts of pi coins before mainnet launch) .
You don't need to meet the investor directly all the trades are done with a pi vendor/merchant (a person that buys the pi coins from miners and resell it to investors)
I Will leave The telegram contact of my personal pi vendor, if you are finding a legitimate one.
@Pi_vendor_247
#pi network
#pi coins
#money
1. Adani Institute of Infrastructure
Management
Yogyakarta Bus Terminal: The Private
Provision of Municipal Infrastructure
Submitted by-
Group-2
2. Introduction
In January 2009, Herry Zudianto the Mayor of Yogyakarta was reflecting on
the apparent failure of his first effort to involve the private sector in the
financing and provision of municipal infrastructure.
Seven years earlier the city had awarded a thirty year concession to a local
private company. Pt Perwita Karya (often abbreviated PTPK), to build and
operate an intercity bus terminal. Earlier that month, PTPK had sent the
Mayor a letter announcing its intention to return the concession on the
grounds that the city had not lived up to its commitments, and particularly
that it had not closed illegal competing bus terminals.
If the government was at fault for the breakdown of the concession, the
concession contract required the city to reimburse the company for the
"business value "of the assets, a sum that could be as much as 83 billion
Indonesian Rupiah (IDR), or approximately US$9 million.
The city had made progress in reducing illegal terminals, and the Mayor
suspected that the company wanted to get out of the contract for other
reasons. But the company seemed to be on strong legal grounds, and fighting
the company in court might harm the city's reputation for honouring its
obligations and discourage future private provision of Yogyakarta's
infrastructure.
3. Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta, often referred to as Jogja, is a city of
400,000 inhabitants, located in the middle of the
southern part of Java island-the most populated and
economically important island of Indonesia.
Yogyakarta is famous for its beauty and for the
internationally important religious and cultural sites in
the city and the surrounding countryside, including
the Borabodur, the world's largest Buddhist temple,
and the Prambanan, an ancient Hindu temple.
It is also a major educational center with more than
sixty colleges and higher education institutions
attracting students from all over Indonesia and abroad.
4. The city of Yogyakarta lies within a province of the same
name. Indonesia's mayors have been directly elected since
2004, one of a series of political reforms implemented after
the fall of the Suharto dictatorship in 1998.
The Governor of the Province of Yogyakarta is the Sultan
of Yogyakarta, the hereditary head of a 250-year-old
kingdom that was granted the powers of a province
because of its leadership during Indonesia's independence.
Herry Zudianto had been a successful local businessman
and entrepreneur before being appointed to his first five-
year term as Mayor in 2001.
In 2006, he won a second five-year term by running
successfully in Yogyakarta's first mayoral election.
Under his leadership Yogyakarta had been selected as one
of Indonesia's "cleanest“ cities in terms of corruption for
several consecutive years and voted one of the country's
most livable cities in by the Indonesian Planning Society.
5. The origin of New bus terminal
Yogyakarta is located in middle of java.
Is tourism destination & educational center made it
hub for intercity travel by bus, air & rail.
Government wanted to construct “class A” bus
terminal (which was the highest Quality terminal) in
the southern part of the city.
The new terminal got delayed because of Asian
financial crisis of 1997 & Indonesian political crisis
of 1998.
But was on city’s agenda again by 2002.
Important motive to built new bus terminal was to
accommodate growing inter regional bus traffic.
Yogyakarta was growing in north, but was lagging in
south. Relocating bus terminal on south would give a
push to new growth center.
6. Municipal Finances
Mayor Zudianto offered the new bus terminal to private concession because of financial
problems in nominal municipal budget.
Most municipalities generated only 10% to 30% of their revenues locally from
local property taxes
fees for municipal services
dividends from city-owned companies
the expenditure sides
70% of municipal budget went in salaries of municipal employee & other
operational expenses.
20% was required to spent on education.
10% was for investment in all other sectors, including health and facilities & local
roads.
The city could not apply for special grant to central government because they were short
of fund.
The interest rate on 10year bonds issued by the central government was 11%over the last
decades but it reduced to 8% in recent year.
In 2002 , Mayor Zudianto thought that a private concession was the easiest way to get the
new bus station the city needed.
7. Tendering the Concession
The private investors will only be attracted when they will get financial gains from
investing and performing the activities. So the city allowed the private investors to
build the commercial shopping centres and offices too.
Cost to build this commercial centres would be extra.
Concession was given on basis of 4 criteria:
i. Engineering criteria ( Physical design of terminal including waiting rooms and other
amenities)
ii. Financial criteria ( Share of profits of terminal like the bus fares)
iii. Administrative compliance
iv. Legal Documentation
PTPK was shortlisted from 11 companies for this project because of his past
performance and the promise which it made to city of giving operating profit from
terminal.
PTPK had no previous experience with BOT , it had record in construction & road
projects . It signed thirty year BOT with Yogyakarta bus terminal, along with building
fuel pumps, restaurants.
8. SWOT analysis
Strengths:
i. Support of the local municipal corporation.
ii. Accommodate growing inter-regional bus traffic.
iii. Dense population due to major education centres &
cultural centres.
Weakness:
i. First time experience in this field (BOT).
ii. Improper risk distribution with the municipal corporation.
iii. Contract required PTPK to build the bus terminal first &
then the commercial centre.
iv. At initial phase, only source of revenue from bus
terminal.
v. Bank loans were made directly to PTPK.
9. Opportunities:
i. Growth prospective for the southern part of the city.
ii. Conversion of the old bus terminal into a night market
as a new tourist attraction.
iii. Financial gains can be received from building hotels.
iv. Expected rent from commercial place was a source of
revenue.
Threats:
i. Budding illegal and competing terminals.
ii. Low cost airlines.
iii. Earthquake which caused both loss of lives and damage
to business.
iv. Changes in the bus passenger activities
10. Porter’s Five Forces
Threat Of New Entrants: Operation of Shadow Terminals &
Jombor Terminal are the threat for PTPK in the city.
Threat of Substitutes: Low cost Airlines might be substitute
of passengers because 25% passengers in airlines are growing
every year.
Degree Of Industry Rivalry: The level of competition in the
market is high due to the presence of shadow terminals,
Jombor Terminal and presence of low cost airlines.
Bargaining Power Of Buyers: The bargaining power of
buyer is high because there were various substitutes in the
market such as Airlines & competitive terminals.
Bargaining Power Of Suppliers: The market power of
Suppliers is low because of the shadow terminal in the city.
11. Alternatives
1) Cancelling the contract
2) Impose strict law against shadow
terminals
3) Revising risk sharing policy
4) Revise profit sharing policy in the
contract
12. Evaluation of Alternatives
1) Cancelling the contract-
Competition from bus terminal at Jombor, resulting in low
revenue.
Competition with low cost airlines.
Changing behaviour of passengers activities.
Building commercial site would be waste of Indonesian
resources as it was not viable.
States inability in closing shadow terminals.
It would result in paying higher compensation to PTPK.
Might set a poor precedent for future concessions.
13. 2) Impose strict action against shadow terminals-
Result in lowering down competition for the new terminal.
Increase in traffic in the bus terminal.
Increase revenue
Increasing scope for future development.
Corrupt lower level officials were the main hurdles.
14. 3) Revising risk sharing policy-
Proportional risk sharing
Municipal corporation bearing certain risk of demand.
Compensate a proportion of loss if incurred.
Strengthen public private partnership
Reduction in funds with the municipal corporation.
15. 4) Revise profit sharing policy in the
contract-
Revise 7:3 profit sharing policy
PTPK gain increasing share of the profit
Greater scope for PTPK’s development.
Encourage PTPK to continue with the contract.
Scope for PTPK to exploit the municipal corporation.
16. Recommendation
We would recommend with “Imposition of strict action against
shadow terminals” and “Revising risk sharing policy”.
Major reason for PTPK’s withdrawal was illegal bus
terminals.
Municipal corporation should remove the loopholes in the
contract.
Municipal corporation should encourage several other
projects in the southern part.