Imaging the distribution of porosity, permeability, and fluid phases is important to understanding single and multiphase flow characteristics of porous media.
Adaptive Radiation Therapy With Tomo Therapyfondas vakalis
The document discusses TomoTherapy's implementation of image-guided adaptive radiation therapy which uses megavoltage CT (MVCT) imaging for patient alignment and deformable image registration between MVCT and diagnostic kVCT images to automatically evaluate changes in patient anatomy and recalculate dose distributions on a daily basis to facilitate adaptive replanning when needed.
Computed tomography (CT) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of multiple X-ray measurements taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of bones, blood vessels and soft tissues inside the body. CT was introduced in the 1970s and revolutionized medical imaging. A CT scan provides more detailed images than plain X-rays and can show the different soft tissues and blood vessels throughout the body. CT scans can be used to diagnose many different conditions including cancers, infections, blood clots and injuries. While CT imaging provides very detailed images, it also exposes patients to a small amount of ionizing radiation.
CT-SCAN provides concise summaries of medical documents. This document discusses the history and evolution of computed tomography (CT) scanning technology. It begins with definitions of CT scanning and diagrams of early CT scanner designs. It then summarizes the key developments, including the invention of CT scanning by Godfrey Hounsfield in 1971, the installation of the first CT prototype, and improvements in processing time. The document outlines the generations of CT scanners from first to fifth generation and describes advances in multi-slice and multi-detector array technologies. It concludes with examples of clinical applications and cases imaged with various CT techniques.
Normal & abnormal radiology of brain part iiMohammed Fathy
This document provides an overview of radiology techniques used to image the central nervous system (CNS), with a focus on brain tumors. It discusses the roles of various imaging modalities like CT, MRI, X-rays and their sequences. CT provides density-based images and is useful for detecting calcification. MRI has better soft tissue contrast and avoids radiation. Key MRI sequences like T1WI, T2WI, FLAIR, DWI, PWI, and post-contrast T1WI are explained. These sequences help characterize lesions and determine tumor type and grade. Perfusion imaging can indicate malignancy by showing blood flow and volume within a tumor. Together modern imaging allows diagnosis, staging, treatment planning and monitoring
the effect of rheological parameters on the flow diversion, and also the effect of initial permeability, shear rate, and temperature on the acidization curve, have been investigated in the thesis.
Adaptive Radiation Therapy With Tomo Therapyfondas vakalis
The document discusses TomoTherapy's implementation of image-guided adaptive radiation therapy which uses megavoltage CT (MVCT) imaging for patient alignment and deformable image registration between MVCT and diagnostic kVCT images to automatically evaluate changes in patient anatomy and recalculate dose distributions on a daily basis to facilitate adaptive replanning when needed.
Computed tomography (CT) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of multiple X-ray measurements taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of bones, blood vessels and soft tissues inside the body. CT was introduced in the 1970s and revolutionized medical imaging. A CT scan provides more detailed images than plain X-rays and can show the different soft tissues and blood vessels throughout the body. CT scans can be used to diagnose many different conditions including cancers, infections, blood clots and injuries. While CT imaging provides very detailed images, it also exposes patients to a small amount of ionizing radiation.
CT-SCAN provides concise summaries of medical documents. This document discusses the history and evolution of computed tomography (CT) scanning technology. It begins with definitions of CT scanning and diagrams of early CT scanner designs. It then summarizes the key developments, including the invention of CT scanning by Godfrey Hounsfield in 1971, the installation of the first CT prototype, and improvements in processing time. The document outlines the generations of CT scanners from first to fifth generation and describes advances in multi-slice and multi-detector array technologies. It concludes with examples of clinical applications and cases imaged with various CT techniques.
Normal & abnormal radiology of brain part iiMohammed Fathy
This document provides an overview of radiology techniques used to image the central nervous system (CNS), with a focus on brain tumors. It discusses the roles of various imaging modalities like CT, MRI, X-rays and their sequences. CT provides density-based images and is useful for detecting calcification. MRI has better soft tissue contrast and avoids radiation. Key MRI sequences like T1WI, T2WI, FLAIR, DWI, PWI, and post-contrast T1WI are explained. These sequences help characterize lesions and determine tumor type and grade. Perfusion imaging can indicate malignancy by showing blood flow and volume within a tumor. Together modern imaging allows diagnosis, staging, treatment planning and monitoring
the effect of rheological parameters on the flow diversion, and also the effect of initial permeability, shear rate, and temperature on the acidization curve, have been investigated in the thesis.
Matrix acidizing refers to one of two stimulation processes in which acid is injected into the well penetrating the rock pores at pressures below fracture pressure.
This document presents a developed model for predicting the performance of carbonate matrix acidizing. It begins with an introduction and literature review on experimental and mathematical modeling studies of matrix acidizing. It then describes the development of a continuum model using Darcy's law to model acid transport and reaction in porous media. The model accounts for non-Newtonian rheology of in-situ crosslinked acids. Results are presented on wormhole formation and the effects of injection rate, permeability, and permeability contrast using the developed model. Conclusions drawn include how rheology parameters influence acid diversion. Recommendations include extending the model to include polymer filtration effects.
1) Sandstone acidizing involves using acid mixtures to dissolve formation damage and improve permeability in sandstone formations near the wellbore. It aims to remove clay and fine silica particles plugging permeability.
2) The first sandstone acidizing treatment used a mixture of HCl and HF in 1933, but resulted in sand production. Improved practices using tapered HF treatments with HCl preflushes and overflushes were developed in the 1960s.
3) Successful sandstone acidizing requires determining whether removable skin is present, selecting the right fluids and volumes, establishing additive programs, properly placing treatments, executing treatments with quality control, and evaluating results.
The flow of fluids through these pores is often restricted because of permeability damage in the near-wellbore (NWB) formation. During matrix acidizing, the acid treatment is injected at matrix pressure and staying below formation fracture pressure.
Matrix acidizing of carbonates and silicates are worlds apart.
This document discusses nested designs in experiments. It defines nested designs as those where levels of one factor (B) are nested within or occur only with levels of another factor (A). An example is given of a forest genetics study measuring tree seedling height where seeds come from trees nested within different forests. The document outlines the linear model, effects, null hypotheses, partitioning variation, nested ANOVA table, testing hypotheses, and computations for a nested design.
1) The document presents numerical and analytical models for simulating natural gas production from methane hydrate dissociation.
2) It describes the problem of hydrate dissociation in wells, which can cause wellbore collapse if not controlled. Various techniques to avoid this such as cooling drilling fluid or increasing mud weight are also discussed.
3) The analytical model assumes hydrate dissociation occurs immediately when pressure drops below threshold and follows first-order kinetics. The numerical model sets up governing equations to simulate two-phase flow and permeability changes during dissociation.
هیدراتهای گازی به عنوان یکی از منابع عظیم امیدوارکننده گاز طبیعی در جهان به شمار میروند. سازندهای حاوی هیدرات گازی همچنین میتوانند خطری عمده هنگام حفاری چاههای نفت و گاز متعارف به شمار بروند
The document discusses a polymer flooding project in the Bohai Bay offshore oilfield in China. It summarizes that the project used a hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymer (HAWP) for polymer flooding due to challenges of high salinity water and highly viscous oil. The HAWP demonstrated good viscosification, solubility even at high salinity, resistance to mechanical degradation, long-term thermal stability, and could be treated from produced fluids. The polymer flooding project using HAWP achieved a decrease in water cut and increase in oil production for the wells.
The document discusses an alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flood at an oil reservoir. Surfactants reduce oil-water tension to mobilize trapped oil while alkalis make the reservoir more water-wet. Initial ASP injection targeted 34% of the pore volume across 45 production and 18 injection wells. Major challenges included silicate scale buildup, which decreased injectivity and production over time. Later phases increased polymer injection and used improved scale inhibitors to partially address production declines, but ultimate recovery estimates were still reduced.
This document discusses different types of drill bits used in oil and gas drilling operations, including roller cone bits, fixed cutter bits, drag bits, and other specialized bit designs. It covers the main components of a drilling system from drill collars and drill pipe to the drill bit itself. The document also lists various bit cutting structures like milled tooth, tungsten carbide inserts, and different kinds of diamond compact bits.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Matrix acidizing refers to one of two stimulation processes in which acid is injected into the well penetrating the rock pores at pressures below fracture pressure.
This document presents a developed model for predicting the performance of carbonate matrix acidizing. It begins with an introduction and literature review on experimental and mathematical modeling studies of matrix acidizing. It then describes the development of a continuum model using Darcy's law to model acid transport and reaction in porous media. The model accounts for non-Newtonian rheology of in-situ crosslinked acids. Results are presented on wormhole formation and the effects of injection rate, permeability, and permeability contrast using the developed model. Conclusions drawn include how rheology parameters influence acid diversion. Recommendations include extending the model to include polymer filtration effects.
1) Sandstone acidizing involves using acid mixtures to dissolve formation damage and improve permeability in sandstone formations near the wellbore. It aims to remove clay and fine silica particles plugging permeability.
2) The first sandstone acidizing treatment used a mixture of HCl and HF in 1933, but resulted in sand production. Improved practices using tapered HF treatments with HCl preflushes and overflushes were developed in the 1960s.
3) Successful sandstone acidizing requires determining whether removable skin is present, selecting the right fluids and volumes, establishing additive programs, properly placing treatments, executing treatments with quality control, and evaluating results.
The flow of fluids through these pores is often restricted because of permeability damage in the near-wellbore (NWB) formation. During matrix acidizing, the acid treatment is injected at matrix pressure and staying below formation fracture pressure.
Matrix acidizing of carbonates and silicates are worlds apart.
This document discusses nested designs in experiments. It defines nested designs as those where levels of one factor (B) are nested within or occur only with levels of another factor (A). An example is given of a forest genetics study measuring tree seedling height where seeds come from trees nested within different forests. The document outlines the linear model, effects, null hypotheses, partitioning variation, nested ANOVA table, testing hypotheses, and computations for a nested design.
1) The document presents numerical and analytical models for simulating natural gas production from methane hydrate dissociation.
2) It describes the problem of hydrate dissociation in wells, which can cause wellbore collapse if not controlled. Various techniques to avoid this such as cooling drilling fluid or increasing mud weight are also discussed.
3) The analytical model assumes hydrate dissociation occurs immediately when pressure drops below threshold and follows first-order kinetics. The numerical model sets up governing equations to simulate two-phase flow and permeability changes during dissociation.
هیدراتهای گازی به عنوان یکی از منابع عظیم امیدوارکننده گاز طبیعی در جهان به شمار میروند. سازندهای حاوی هیدرات گازی همچنین میتوانند خطری عمده هنگام حفاری چاههای نفت و گاز متعارف به شمار بروند
The document discusses a polymer flooding project in the Bohai Bay offshore oilfield in China. It summarizes that the project used a hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymer (HAWP) for polymer flooding due to challenges of high salinity water and highly viscous oil. The HAWP demonstrated good viscosification, solubility even at high salinity, resistance to mechanical degradation, long-term thermal stability, and could be treated from produced fluids. The polymer flooding project using HAWP achieved a decrease in water cut and increase in oil production for the wells.
The document discusses an alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flood at an oil reservoir. Surfactants reduce oil-water tension to mobilize trapped oil while alkalis make the reservoir more water-wet. Initial ASP injection targeted 34% of the pore volume across 45 production and 18 injection wells. Major challenges included silicate scale buildup, which decreased injectivity and production over time. Later phases increased polymer injection and used improved scale inhibitors to partially address production declines, but ultimate recovery estimates were still reduced.
This document discusses different types of drill bits used in oil and gas drilling operations, including roller cone bits, fixed cutter bits, drag bits, and other specialized bit designs. It covers the main components of a drilling system from drill collars and drill pipe to the drill bit itself. The document also lists various bit cutting structures like milled tooth, tungsten carbide inserts, and different kinds of diamond compact bits.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
2. This allows us to gain deeper insight and visualization into what
is occurring during laboratory experiments in a non-invasive
manner, even at high temperatures and pressures.
Why Imaging
3. This is an example of an axial CT scan slice through full diameter
core. It is colorized for density. Both density and porosity can be
accurately derived from core with CT Scanners.
CT Scanning Core and Laboratory
Experiments for the Oil & Gas Industry.
4. What Can CT Scanning Core & Experiments
Be Used For?
Core Scanning (CT)
see homogeneity and heterogeneity
Rock/Core Characterization
see different zones/lithology and fractures
Flow Visualization & In Situ Saturation Monitoring (ISSM)
to visualize and understand which is happening in laboratory experiments
Micro-CT Scanning Core
see small fractures and pores
Digital Core Analysis (DCA)
to determine accurate core analysis properties
Fracture Healing Verification
prior to running corefloods in oilsand core
5. CT scan for the core after acidizing
Our Imaging