XIX century in Spain
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The desamortización laws in Spain took land away from the Church and municipalities and sold it at auction, leading to the formation of large estates called latifundios. While some agricultural improvements occurred, the laws did not significantly stimulate the economy as the wealthy invested in land instead of other enterprises. The industrial revolution also had a limited impact in Spain due to a small middle class, lack of initiative, and political instability. The mining industry expanded, but commerce developed slowly due to limited domestic demand and loss of colonial export markets.
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Madrid is the capital city of Spain, located in central Spain. It has over 3 million residents and is a cultural, political, and economic center of the country. Madrid traces its origins to the 9th century when an Arab emir ordered the construction of a fortress on the Manzanares River. It has since been ruled by Christians and Arabs and became the capital of Spain in the 16th century under King Philip II. Major developments and reforms throughout its history have transformed Madrid into a modern metropolis while preserving historical structures from the 17th and 18th centuries.
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18th century
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The document discusses the Spanish Succession War and its aftermath in Spain. Following the death of the childless King Charles II, Philip V of the House of Bourbon was named heir to the Spanish throne over the Habsburg Archduke Charles of Austria. This led to the War of the Spanish Succession between France/Spain and Austria/Britain/Dutch Republic. As a result of the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, Philip V remained king but Spain lost territories. To consolidate power, Philip V abolished the privileges and liberties of the territories of the Crown of Aragon. This defeat is still commemorated annually in Catalonia.
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1) King Alfonso VI conquered Madrid in 1083, making it an important city for Christians to control before capturing Toledo.
2) It took four centuries to divide Madrid after its conquest, with the city first made safer for defense and later becoming an urban center.
3) Alfonso VII and Alfonso VIII encouraged repopulation of Madrid by granting rights to settlers, and a water channel was built to supply the growing population, which reached 12,000 by the late 15th century.
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The document summarizes key events in Spanish history from 1808-1898, including:
- The French invasion and occupation of Spain beginning in 1808 led to the War of Independence and popular uprisings against French rule.
- To organize resistance, provincial juntas assumed sovereignty in the name of the exiled king Ferdinand VII and established the Supreme Central Junta in 1808.
- The Cortes convened in Cádiz in 1810 and initiated a bourgeois liberal revolution through political reforms while also drafting Spain's first constitution.
- After French troops withdrew in 1814, Spain experienced alternating periods of liberalism, absolutism, and democracy as it established a constitutional monarchy.
Spain in the XIX century
POWERPOINT REALIZADO POR EL PROFESOR ALBERTO ARANDA SHAW PARA LA PRESENTACIÓN DE CONTENIDOS DEL SIGLO XIX EN ESPAÑA PARAEL NIVEL 4º ESO EN EL IES NICOLÁS SALMERÓN DE ALMERÍA.
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El documento define varios términos relacionados con la arquitectura y la escultura barroca, como el baldaquino, el camarín, el candelero y la carnación. Explica sus características y proporciona ejemplos notables de cada uno.
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Resumen del siglo XIX español, diseñado para los alumnos bilingües del IES Fray Pedro de Urbina (Miranda de Ebro, Burgos)
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The document provides a summary of key events and developments in 19th century Spanish history. It describes how feudal structures disappeared and a liberal system was established through different constitutions granting civil rights and universal male suffrage. It notes population growth but high death rates. The economy industrialized slowly with transformations localized. Society remained one of poor peasants and landowners with a weak bourgeoisie and few workers. Reasons for backwardness included political instability from wars and coups, loss of the colonial empire, and general illiteracy and clerical influence over culture.
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The American Civil War was fought between 1861 and 1865 over the issues of slavery and states' rights. The war began after Southern states seceded from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. It resulted in the end of slavery and the preservation of the United States as one country, though racial tensions and inequality continued long after the war ended, even with Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and assassination. Over 600,000 soldiers died in the war, making it one of the bloodiest in American history.
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La reconquista de madrid
1) King Alfonso VI conquered Madrid in 1083, making it an important city for Christians to control before capturing Toledo.
2) It took four centuries to divide Madrid after its conquest, with the city first made safer for defense and later becoming an urban center.
3) Alfonso VII and Alfonso VIII encouraged repopulation of Madrid by granting rights to settlers, and a water channel was built to supply the growing population, which reached 12,000 by the late 15th century.
The catholic kings
The Catholic Kings Isabel of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon united the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon through marriage, creating a single Spanish state. They centralized power in the monarchy, established the Spanish Inquisition, and completed the Reconquista with the fall of Granada in 1492. That same year, Christopher Columbus' voyage to the Americas under Castilian sponsorship began the Spanish colonization of the New World. The Catholic Kings consolidated their rule through domestic and foreign policies that strengthened royal authority over nobles and achieved religious and territorial unity in Spain.
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The document summarizes Spain's history from the 17th to 18th centuries, beginning with the decline of the Spanish Empire under the Habsburg dynasty due to expensive wars, plagues, social problems, and overdependence on American gold and silver. It then discusses the transition to the Bourbon dynasty after the War of Spanish Succession, noting territorial losses. Under the Bourbons, the monarchy became an absolute system. The Enlightenment brought cultural changes during this period, while King Charles III modernized Spain through infrastructure projects and economic reforms.
French Empire
France established colonial outposts in North America starting in 1605 with Port Royal in Acadia (now Nova Scotia), which grew into a loose alliance of Natives and French. From 1600, France also established trading posts in India and the Far East, though these territories were later lost to British colonization. After World War 2 and France's financial troubles, its remaining empire fell apart as national liberation movements emerged, making it difficult for France to reassert control over lands lost during the war.
17th century part 1
During the 16th century, Spain was the most powerful country in the world, but the 17th century saw its decline for several reasons: Spain spent vast amounts of money and resources participating in the Thirty Years' War and other conflicts, losing territories like Portugal in the process. The kings spent lavishly on wars but neglected infrastructure and the populace, impoverishing the country further, while pirates also attacked Spanish ships, preventing gold and silver from America from reaching Spain. The kings were disinterested in ruling as well, leaving government in the hands of validos, or favorite ministers.
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In 19th century Spain, there were three main social classes divided by wealth: the upper class of nobility and wealthy merchants, the middle class of small landowners and skilled workers, and the lower working class of agricultural laborers and industrial workers. The lower classes suffered from very low wages, long work hours of 14-16 hours per day without benefits or safety protections. This led to social conflicts and unrest, as workers began organizing labor movements and associations to demand better conditions. Anarchist and socialist ideas spread among worker groups in the late 1800s, with the formation of groups like the FORE in 1870 which advocated for workers' rights.
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The document provides an overview of Spain in the 19th century, covering its political periods, independence movements in Latin America, civil wars like the Carlist Wars, and economic and social changes. Key events included the restoration of the liberal 1812 constitution during the Liberal Triennium, the Ominous Decade returning to conservative rule, and the reign of Isabella II which faced several uprisings and her eventual overthrow in 1868. Galicia experienced limited reforms, emigration, and the growth of Galician nationalism. The document also describes the career of painter Francisco Goya, from his early tapestry work to his later, darker paintings reflecting the turmoil in Spain.
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The document summarizes transformations in 19th century Spain, focusing on the reigns of Carlos IV from 1788-1808 and Fernando VII from 1814-1833. It describes Spain allying with France under Carlos IV and the outbreak of the War of Independence in 1808 after French troops invaded. The Cortes of Cádiz established a liberal constitution in 1812, but Fernando VII restored absolutism and repression of liberals upon returning to power in 1814. Liberal forces briefly reinstated the 1812 constitution during the "Liberal Triennium" from 1820-1823.
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Ferdinand VII's reign from 1814-1833 was divided into three phases: restoration of absolutism from 1814-1820 which caused instability and liberal revolts; a liberal triennium from 1820-1823 which ended when Ferdinand called on French troops to restore absolutism; and a period of repression of liberals from 1823-1833. After Ferdinand's death in 1833, Isabella II took the throne, but Spain experienced political instability and alternating liberal and conservative governments during her reign from 1830-1868, which ended when she was deposed.
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The document discusses the Spanish Constitution of 1812, known as La Pepa. It provides background on when the constitution was enacted and some of its key aspects, such as limiting monarchal power, establishing equality, and ending the Inquisition. It also discusses the influence of the 1812 Constitution on subsequent constitutions and governments in Spain and Latin America in the early 19th century.
History of spain
The history of Spain spans from prehistoric Iberia through the rise and decline of a global empire to modern Spain as an EU member. After early settlements, the Romans conquered Hispania in the 3rd century BC and ruled for over 700 years, influencing Spanish culture, infrastructure and laws. Muslim forces then invaded the Iberian peninsula in the 8th century and established independent states collectively known as Al-Andalus for over 750 years. Christian kingdoms gradually reconquered the peninsula in a process completed in 1492 with the fall of Granada, establishing the modern nation of Spain.
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The document summarizes key events in Spanish history from 1808-1898, including:
- The French invasion and occupation of Spain beginning in 1808 led to the War of Independence and popular uprisings against French rule.
- To organize resistance, provincial juntas assumed sovereignty in the name of the exiled king Ferdinand VII and established the Supreme Central Junta in 1808.
- The Cortes convened in Cádiz in 1810 and initiated a bourgeois liberal revolution through political reforms while also drafting Spain's first constitution.
- After French troops withdrew in 1814, Spain experienced alternating periods of liberalism, absolutism, and democracy as it established a constitutional monarchy.
Spain in the XIX century
POWERPOINT REALIZADO POR EL PROFESOR ALBERTO ARANDA SHAW PARA LA PRESENTACIÓN DE CONTENIDOS DEL SIGLO XIX EN ESPAÑA PARAEL NIVEL 4º ESO EN EL IES NICOLÁS SALMERÓN DE ALMERÍA.
Vocabulario arte del barroco
El documento define varios términos relacionados con la arquitectura y la escultura barroca, como el baldaquino, el camarín, el candelero y la carnación. Explica sus características y proporciona ejemplos notables de cada uno.
Spanish 19th century
Resumen del siglo XIX español, diseñado para los alumnos bilingües del IES Fray Pedro de Urbina (Miranda de Ebro, Burgos)
Spanish 19th century
The document provides a summary of key events and developments in 19th century Spanish history. It describes how feudal structures disappeared and a liberal system was established through different constitutions granting civil rights and universal male suffrage. It notes population growth but high death rates. The economy industrialized slowly with transformations localized. Society remained one of poor peasants and landowners with a weak bourgeoisie and few workers. Reasons for backwardness included political instability from wars and coups, loss of the colonial empire, and general illiteracy and clerical influence over culture.
Amercian civil war
The American Civil War was fought between 1861 and 1865 over the issues of slavery and states' rights. The war began after Southern states seceded from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. It resulted in the end of slavery and the preservation of the United States as one country, though racial tensions and inequality continued long after the war ended, even with Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and assassination. Over 600,000 soldiers died in the war, making it one of the bloodiest in American history.
Fernando Vii 1814 33
El documento resume la situación política en España durante el reinado de Fernando VII entre 1814 y 1833. Tras la guerra de independencia, Fernando VII abolió la constitución de 1812 e impuso el absolutismo, pero la oposición liberal creció y llevó al trienio liberal (1820-1823) de gobierno constitucional. Sin embargo, Fernando VII se oponía al nuevo régimen y conspiró con las potencias absolutistas europeas para restaurar su poder absoluto y terminar el trienio liberal.
6. The age of Imperialism
The age of imperialism saw the expansion of European colonial empires in the late 19th century due to economic, political, and social factors. Countries industrialized and sought new markets and resources. This led to intense rivalry and a scramble for territory in Africa and Asia. By 1914, most of the world had been conquered and divided up among the major European powers and the United States, establishing colonial empires dominated by Britain and France. The legacy of imperialism included the redrawing of borders without regard for indigenous groups, disruption of traditional societies, cultural and economic changes that prioritized the needs of colonizers.
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Catalonia: A Country Plundered for 300 Years
1) In the early 18th century, King Philip V introduced a new poll tax called the "catastro" to punish Catalonia after the War of Spanish Succession. The tax was disproportionately high and caused fiscal pressure and economic drain for Catalonia over decades.
2) In the 19th century, the debate between protectionism and free trade began affecting relations between Catalonia and Spain. Catalan industrialists favored protectionism while centralist policies opened Spain's borders, threatening Catalonia's cotton industry.
3) By the late 19th century, Catalonia contributed disproportionately to Spanish taxes while receiving little public investment. Barcelona province alone paid more taxes than several other Spanish regions combined. Civil disobed
La ciudad medieval / Medieval towns / Late Middle Ages
The document summarizes key developments in medieval towns and society during the late Middle Ages:
1. Towns experienced a revival beginning in the 12th century, spurred by improved farming techniques that reduced the need for peasant labor and increased commerce. This led to population growth and a rise of the bourgeoisie class.
2. Trade flourished with the development of markets, fairs, banking, and new payment methods. Guilds organized artisan work and international trade routes developed.
3. Within towns, the bourgeoisie gained power and independence from feudal control. Royal authority also increased as kings established parliaments and gained support from towns against the nobility in exchange for legal privileges.
Markovski, E. The Industrial Revolution.
The Industrial Revolution marked the beginning of the modern world through technological innovations that transformed economies and societies. In 18th century Britain, new inventions like the spinning jenny increased factory production of textiles, while steam engines and railroads improved transportation of goods and resources. This led to rapid urbanization as people moved to cities for factory work. The growth of industries like coal and iron supported other innovations and created demand for British exports. However, these economic and social changes were disruptive and faced resistance from workers who saw their jobs replaced by machines. Over time, the visionary entrepreneurs and investors who drove Britain's industrialization came to influence government policies that further expanded and protected industrial development.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: WHAT FACTORS ENCOURAGED AND DISCOURAGED INDUSTRIALISATI...
The document discusses factors that encouraged and discouraged industrialization in Britain from 1800 to 1890. It describes how railways encouraged industrialization by providing faster and cheaper transportation of goods, reducing food prices. Railway networks expanded greatly in Britain, France, Germany, and Russia during this period. The removal of internal tariffs and creation of a customs union in Germany also encouraged industrialization and trade. Capitalism further fueled industrialization through private investment in industries and infrastructure by individuals and joint stock companies. However, some groups resisted changes from industrialization, such as skilled craftsmen who feared losing jobs to machines, and nobility and landowners who objected to reductions in their social status and land being used for railways.
Work, life and liesure - Cities in the Contemporary World
The document discusses the development of cities from ancient times to the modern era. It focuses on the growth of London and Bombay/Mumbai as case studies. Key points include:
1) London and Bombay grew rapidly during the Industrial Revolution due to migration from rural areas seeking work. This placed stress on housing, sanitation and public health.
2) New transportation systems like trains and subways helped disperse populations but also disrupted communities and the environment.
3) Reform efforts in the late 19th/early 20th century addressed housing, pollution and public health issues through new laws and planned development. However, inequality and poor living conditions remained problems.
4. Industrial Revolution and the class-based society
The industrial revolution began in Great Britain in the late 18th century, driven by population growth, agricultural advances, trade, and technological innovations like the steam engine. This led to the rise of factories and mechanized industry. Society became divided into social classes based on wealth rather than estates. The new working class faced long hours, low pay, unsafe conditions, and lack of rights in the new industrial cities and factories. In response, the British working class began organizing unions and political movements in the early 19th century to demand better treatment and conditions.
Urbanisation in New York
New York City grew as an economic center during the early 19th century due to several factors. The opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 increased trade and commerce flowing through the city. Advances in transportation like railroads and steam engines also supported the city's growth into an industrial and commercial hub. By the late 1800s, New York City had become the dominant port and financial center in the United States, attracting millions of immigrants and facilitating trade between the country and Europe.
Intro to madrid-emilio-ontiveros
Public social housing examples in Madrid include buildings in Sanchinarro and Carabanchel. In Sanchinarro, two notable examples are the Mirador and Celosía buildings designed by MVRdV office with Blanca Lleó. Some of the best social housing in Madrid can be found in examples in Carabanchel. Madrid has experienced rapid population growth over the 20th century, from around 500,000 in 1900 to over 3 million currently, and the city's urban growth has largely followed a concentric pattern extending from the historic core.
International trade theory
Adam Smith introduced the concept of absolute advantage in international trade, where a country should specialize in and export goods it can produce with fewer resources than trading partners. David Ricardo later developed the theory of comparative advantage, showing that even if one country has an absolute advantage in all goods, both countries can still benefit from trade by specializing according to their comparative costs of production. Classical economists like Smith and Ricardo viewed labor as the sole source of value and advocated for free trade based on the principle that specialization according to comparative advantage maximizes global output and welfare.
London
The document discusses the rise of cities and urbanization in England during the Industrial Revolution. It describes how cities like London grew rapidly as people migrated to find work. This led to overcrowding and poor living conditions in slums. Attempts were made to address housing and transportation issues through new developments like garden cities and the London Underground railway. The document also examines marginal groups that emerged in cities like criminals, women, and children workers. It analyzes how urban living transformed family structures and the roles of men and women. Leisure activities and political mobilization in cities are also summarized.
Unit 3 medieval cities
1) Monarchies grew stronger in the 12th century as kings were able to collect more taxes from improved economic conditions, create their own armies, and force feudal lords to obey them. They also restored the Roman legal system which centralized more power to kings.
2) Kings took power from nobles in cities by granting charters of liberties, gaining political support. Parliaments represented kings, nobles, clergy and city mayors but had little power and only met when summoned by kings.
3) Disputes over royal succession and unclear borders between kingdoms often led to conflicts like the Hundred Years' War between England and France.
London
Cities developed as centers of political power, trade, industry and intellectual activity that supported diverse social groups. Industrialization in England led to rapid urban growth, with cities like London attracting large migrant populations to work in factories. This increased overcrowding and poor living conditions in urban areas. Attempts were made to address issues like housing, transportation, and public health through planned development of garden cities, expansion of the London Underground, and slum clearances. However, industrialization also transformed social structures, loosening family ties and encouraging individualism. Cities offered both opportunity and threat, with their large populations able to mobilize for political causes.
Social Science History Chapter 6 Work Life and Leisure Class10
The document discusses the rise of modern cities through industrialization, colonialism, and democratic ideals over the last 200 years. It focuses on London and Bombay (now Mumbai) as case studies. In London, industrialization in the late 18th century attracted migrants to factories and jobs, though this also led to overcrowded housing and pollution. Attempts were made to clean the city through legislation, green spaces, and improved transport. In Bombay, the cotton mills from the 1850s transformed the city and caused a housing crisis as the population swelled. Reclamation projects expanded the city's land area over time. Bombay also became India's film capital in the early 20th century. The rapid growth of cities created environmental
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Economy and society in Spain during the 19th century
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Power point presentation on work,life, and leisure
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La ciudad medieval / Medieval towns / Late Middle Ages
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CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: WHAT FACTORS ENCOURAGED AND DISCOURAGED INDUSTRIALISATI...
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Social Science History Chapter 6 Work Life and Leisure Class10
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Queen Isabel II came to the throne as an infant in 1833 but faced disputes from the Carlists who refused to accept a female monarch. This led to civil wars. During her troubled reign from 1843 to 1868 she had ten children but many died young. Political instability grew as new parties emerged demanding reforms. In 1868 she was deposed in the Glorious Revolution and formally abdicated in 1870, leading to a period of provisional governments and instability until a democratic monarchy was established in 1871.
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The document discusses key facts about the European Union, including that it has 23 official languages, over 500 million citizens worldwide, and celebrates Europe Day on May 9th with the motto "United in Diversity". It also notes the EU anthem and flag as symbols of the union that promotes democracy, peace, and diversity across Europe.
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La Unión Europea se caracteriza por su bandera, himno y día de Europa. Promueve valores como la democracia, la paz y la diversidad entre sus países miembros. La UE tiene varios idiomas oficiales y su población total es inferior a la de China e India pero superior a la de Rusia y Japón.
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XIX century in Spain
- 3. Known as desamortización, it consiste of a set of laws that took the land away from the Church and the municipalities and sold them for profit. The most important law of desamortización was devised by Mendizábal.
- 4. However, the outcome of these laws were note as expected: • There were not many landowners because the land was sold in auction by the wealthy class or wealthy middle class. These new estates are the origin of the modern latifundios* in Andalucía. • The owners imposed harder working conditions to the peasants. • Some improvements took place new machinery, fertilisers and new irrigation techniques.
- 5. The industrial revolucion had only a small impact in Spain. Due to the desamortización laws the wealthy people invested on buying land insten of other enterprises. There sin’t a high demanda of goods. The middle clases was small and lacked initiative. And there is political instability.
- 6. Mining industry: had a big expansion in Spain. Iron and steel industry: had bigger investments. Textile industry.
- 7. It was in the 18th century when Spanish roads received a major boost and managed a network of nationwide, the construction of the network of radial structure linking the Centre of Madrid, with the major ports was launched in this time.
- 8. The rail network, was a major innovation in the material of transport and communications. They were faster than horses and horse-drawn carriages and more protected from attackers on the way. The first Spanish railway approval was in 1830, but was not built until 1854.The first railway line in the Iberian Peninsula, joining the towns of Barcelona and Mataró, open to the public on November 1, 1848. In 1849 is requesting approval to the line from Madrid to Aranjuez with 49 km; they oblige the Government to carry out a project of law on railways.
- 9. Commerce was slow to develop because of the limited demand on a national level and the lack of export oppotunities with the los of the colonies.
- 10. Internal commerce changed in the first third of the century and became national or local because taxes and gremial groups suppressed.
- 11. A low increment due to exportacions rather than importations. Commercial activity was increased. Products.
- 12. In 1856 the bank of Spain was created, and it replaced the Bank of san Fernando founded by the state and those main function was issue bills and lend money to Gobernment. In 1857 the bank of Bilbao and bank of Santander were founded. The creation of the peseta as a new unit of monetarian sistem in October 1868. Development of Stock exchange (1831)