XHTML basics
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XHTML is an XML-based reformulation of HTML that combines HTML elements with XML syntax rules. It is based on industry standards, supports cross-browser compatibility, and produces valid and properly structured code. The basic XHTML structure includes a single root element, properly nested elements, closed tags, and lowercase element names. Following XML syntax rules like including a DOCTYPE declaration and using quotes around attribute values helps ensure XHTML documents work on all XML devices.
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XHTML basics
- 1. A Reformulation of HTML 4 in XML 1.0 (Yes, I am a nerd)
- 2. XHTML What is it? Why use it? How do I use it correctly?
- 3. What is XHTML? Extensible HyperText Markup Language Combination of HTML and XML The elements from HTML The syntax from XML
- 4. Why should I care? Based on industry standards Cross browser support Validated and proper code Will run properly on all XML devices
- 5. Basic Structure One root element per document Properly nested elements Closed elements lowercase elements More syntax
- 6. One root element The basic mandatory structure <!DOCTYPE – more in a second> <html> <head> <title></title> </head> <body> </body> </html>
- 7. Properly Nested BAD <p> This <strong><em> is</strong></em> fun. </p> HAPPY FUN TIME <p> This <strong><em> is </em></strong> fun. </p>
- 8. Closed Elements BAD <p>Paragraph 1 <p>Paragraph 2 <br> <hr> <img src=“pic.jpg”> HAPPY FUN TIME <p>Paragraph 1</p> <p>Paragraph 2</p> <br /> <hr /> <img src=“pic.jpg” />
- 9. lowercase elements BAD <P> another paragraph with an image <Img Src=“pic.jpg” /> </p> HAPPY FUN TIME <p> another paragraph with an image <img src=“pic.jpg” /> </p>
- 10. HAPPY FUN TIME <table width=“100%”> </table> <input checked=“checked” /> <option selected=“selected”> </option> BAD <table WIDTH=100%> </table> <input checked> <option SELECTED> </option> More syntax Attribute names must be lowercase, their values quoted, and no “minimization”
- 11. DOCTYPE Only really have to worry about this if you create the page from scratch Don’t really worry about what everything means except for… <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/ xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
- 12. Now What? XHTML Cheat Sheet v1.03 - http://floele.flyspray.org/htmlcheatsheet.pdf Official HTML 4 page – http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/ Official list of elements (HTML 4) - http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/index/elements.html Official list of attributes (HTML 4) - http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/index/attributes.html Official XHTML 1 page – http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/
- 13. Who am I? C. Todd Barber Webmaster University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, TN 38163 http://www.utmem.edu Also at http://ctbarber.com http://twitter.com/ctbarber