Uploaded byShajed Talukder
Xhtml
XHTML is a stricter version of HTML that incorporates XML syntax rules. It is almost identical to HTML but requires proper nesting of elements, closing of all elements, and lowercasing of all element names. XHTML documents must also have one root element and include an XML declaration. Following these XML rules makes XHTML documents more compatible with other devices and browsers than regular HTML documents.
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Xhtml
- 1. XHTMLEXtensibleHyperText Markup LanguageMd.Shajed E Islam
- 2. XHTML …stands forEXtensibleHyperText Markup Languageis almost identical to HTML 4.01is a stricterand cleanerversion of HTMLCombination of XML and HTMLTags from HTMLRule from XML
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- 4. Industry standardsCross browserssupportValidatedDifferent device browsers support (like iphone, pda, mobile etc.)
- 5. XHTML structureOne rootelement per documentProperly nested elementsClose elementsLowercase elements
- 6. Many pages onthe internet contain "bad" HTML.<html><head><title>This is bad HTML</title><body><h1>Bad HTML<p>This is a paragraph</body>
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- 8. XHTML Elements MustBe Properly Nested<b><i>This text is bold and italic</b></i><b><i>This text is bold and italic</i></b>
- 9. XHTML Elements MustAlways Be Closed<p>This is a paragraph<p>This is another paragraph<p>This is a paragraph</p><p>This is another paragraph</p>
- 10. Empty Elements MustAlso Be ClosedA break: <br>A horizontal rule: <hr>An image: <imgsrc="happy.gif"alt="Happy face">A break: <br/>A horizontal rule: <hr/>An image: <imgsrc="happy.gif"alt="Happy face"/>
- 11. XHTML Elements MustBe In Lower Case<BODY><P>This is a paragraph</P></BODY><body><p>This is a paragraph</p></body>
- 12. XHTML Documents MustHave One Root ElementAll XHTML elements must be nested within the <html> root element. Child elements must be in pairs and correctly nested within their parent element.<html><head> ... </head><body> ... </body></html>
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- 14. All elements belongsto either Block or InlineBlock - p, div, tableInline - span, b/strong, i/em, u, img, aBlock CANNOT be inside Inline<em><p>content</p></em> X
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- 16. Core Attributesi18n Attributes(Internationalization)Event Attributes (Count characters between i and n)
- 17. Core Attributesid -unique identifierclass - assign typetitle - add more information, show tooltipstyle - inject inline style
- 18. i18n Attributesdir -content direction ltr, trlxml:lang - en, deJust forget it!
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- 21. Attribute Names MustBe In Lower Case<tableWIDTH="100%"><tablewidth="100%">
- 22. Attribute Values MustBe Quoted<tablewidth=100%><tablewidth="100%">
- 23. Attribute Minimization IsForbidden<inputchecked><inputreadonly><inputdisabled><optionselected><framenoresize><inputchecked="checked"/><inputreadonly="readonly"/><inputdisabled="disabled"/><optionselected="selected"/><framenoresize="noresize"/>
- 24. list of theminimized attributes
- 25. Mandatory XHTML ElementsAllXHTML documents must have a DOCTYPE declaration. The html, head, title, and body elements must be present.This is an XHTML document with a minimum of required tags:<!DOCTYPE Doctype goes here><htmlxmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>Title goes here</title></head><body></body></html>
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- 27. <!DOCTYPE> Is MandatoryAnXHTML document consists of three main parts:the DOCTYPE declarationthe <head> sectionthe <body> section<!DOCTYPE ...><html><head><title>... </title></head><body> ... </body></html>
- 28. An XHTML Example<!DOCTYPEhtml PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html><head><title>simple document</title></head><body><p>a simple paragraph</p></body></html>
- 29. Document Type Definitions(DTD)A DTD specifies the syntax of a web page in SGMLDTDs are used by SGML applications, such as HTML, to specify rules for documents of a particular type, including a set of elements and entity declarationsAn XHTML DTD describes in precise, computer-readable language, the allowed syntax of XHTML markup
- 30. XHTML 1.0 StrictUsethe strict DOCTYPE when you want really clean markup, free of presentational clutter. Use it together with CSS<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
- 31. XHTML 1.0 TransitionalUsethe transitional DOCTYPE when you want to still use HTML's presentational features.<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
- 32. XHTML 1.0 FramesetUsethe frameset DOCTYPE when you want to use HTML frames.<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd">
- 33. SEO - XHTMLFor Titles, Descriptions and Metatags
- 34. The TITLE tagExample:<TITLE>Speedy SEO Services Company</TITLE>The DESCRIPTION meta tagExample: <META NAME="description" CONTENT=" SEO Services for home based and big businesses." >The KEYWORDS meta tag Example: <META NAME="keywords" CONTENT=“bglobal, web design, web development, cms, php, etc.">
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- 36. Meta Authornot supportedby the major search engines like Google, Yahoo or MSN.Meta Content LanguageSome search engine robots use this meta tag to categorize your webpage by language.Meta Content Type<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="content type, text or html">Meta DescriptionMeta KeywordsMeta Title
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Editor's Notes
- #26Â Note: The DOCTYPE declaration is not a part of the XHTML document itself. It is not an XHTML element. You will learn more about the XHTML DOCTYPE in the next chapter.Note: The xmlns attribute in <html>, specifies the xml namespace for a document, and is required in XHTML documents. However, the HTML validator at w3.org does not complain when the xmlns attribute is missing. This is because the namespace "xmlns=http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" is default, and will be added to the <html> tag even if you do not include it.
- #28Â Note: The DOCTYPE declaration is not a part of the XHTML document itself. It is not an XHTML element. You will learn more about the XHTML DOCTYPE in the next chapter.Note: The xmlns attribute in <html>, specifies the xml namespace for a document, and is required in XHTML documents. However, the HTML validator at w3.org does not complain when the xmlns attribute is missing. This is because the namespace "xmlns=http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" is default, and will be added to the <html> tag even if you do not include it.
- #29Â Note: The DOCTYPE declaration is not a part of the XHTML document itself. It is not an XHTML element. You will learn more about the XHTML DOCTYPE in the next chapter.Note: The xmlns attribute in <html>, specifies the xml namespace for a document, and is required in XHTML documents. However, the HTML validator at w3.org does not complain when the xmlns attribute is missing. This is because the namespace "xmlns=http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" is default, and will be added to the <html> tag even if you do not include it.
- #30Â Note: The DOCTYPE declaration is not a part of the XHTML document itself. It is not an XHTML element. You will learn more about the XHTML DOCTYPE in the next chapter.Note: The xmlns attribute in <html>, specifies the xml namespace for a document, and is required in XHTML documents. However, the HTML validator at w3.org does not complain when the xmlns attribute is missing. This is because the namespace "xmlns=http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" is default, and will be added to the <html> tag even if you do not include it.
- #31Â Note: The DOCTYPE declaration is not a part of the XHTML document itself. It is not an XHTML element. You will learn more about the XHTML DOCTYPE in the next chapter.Note: The xmlns attribute in <html>, specifies the xml namespace for a document, and is required in XHTML documents. However, the HTML validator at w3.org does not complain when the xmlns attribute is missing. This is because the namespace "xmlns=http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" is default, and will be added to the <html> tag even if you do not include it.
- #32Â Note: The DOCTYPE declaration is not a part of the XHTML document itself. It is not an XHTML element. You will learn more about the XHTML DOCTYPE in the next chapter.Note: The xmlns attribute in <html>, specifies the xml namespace for a document, and is required in XHTML documents. However, the HTML validator at w3.org does not complain when the xmlns attribute is missing. This is because the namespace "xmlns=http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" is default, and will be added to the <html> tag even if you do not include it.
- #33Â Note: The DOCTYPE declaration is not a part of the XHTML document itself. It is not an XHTML element. You will learn more about the XHTML DOCTYPE in the next chapter.Note: The xmlns attribute in <html>, specifies the xml namespace for a document, and is required in XHTML documents. However, the HTML validator at w3.org does not complain when the xmlns attribute is missing. This is because the namespace "xmlns=http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" is default, and will be added to the <html> tag even if you do not include it.