Xenofobia
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Xenophobia is defined as a fear or aversion to strangers or foreigners. It can involve fear or dislike of people from other countries, cultures, subcultures, or who hold different beliefs. Clinically, it is considered an irrational fear of members of a certain race that is foreign to one's own. Xenophobia involves perceiving others as genuinely foreign based on their origin, religion, beliefs, language, or other characteristics. It can take the form of disliking population groups within a society that are not considered part of that society, or disliking foreign cultural elements. The document encourages not being xenophobic and accepting that everyone has a different culture and point of view.
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· Cultural racism is the belief that the cultural ways of one group are superior to those of another. Cultural racism can be found both in individuals and in institutions. In the former, it is often referred to as ethnocentrism. Jones (2000) mentioned that historical insults, societal norms, unearned privilege, and structural barriers are all aspects of institutional racism.
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https://app.box.com/s/qhtvq32h4ybf9t49ku85x0n3xl4jhr15Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
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Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
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Xenofobia
- 1. XENOFOBIA
- 2. Thedictionary of Psychology defines it as “ a fear of strangers”
- 3. It can mean a fear or arversionto
- 4. Notonlypersonsfromothercountriesbutothers: Cultures Subcultures And subsets of beliefsystems
- 5. In short isanyonewhomeetsanylist of criteriaabout their origin, religion, personal beliefs, habits, language, orientations, or any other criteria
- 6. A clinical definition is: An irrational fear of members of a certain race foreign to one's own
- 7. A xenophobic person has to genuinely think or believe at some level that the target is in fact a foreigner.
- 8. The first is a population group present within a society that is not considered part of that society. The second form of xenophobia is primarily cultural, and the objects of the phobia are cultural elements which are considered alien. Xenofobia has tomainobjetcs:
- 9. Don´tbe XENOFOBIC. Everyone has a differentculture and a differentpoint of view!!!