World War 1 started in summer 1914 and lasted until November 1918. It was caused by imperialist rivalries and alliances between European powers. Germany and Austria-Hungary faced the Allied forces of France, Britain, Italy and later the United States. Trench warfare led to attrition as both sides constructed elaborate trench systems. Advances in military technology like machine guns, tanks and chemical weapons caused massive casualties before an Allied victory ended the war.

1. Jayanarayan Jayakumar

2. World War 1
• It started in Summer of 1914 and lased till
November 1918.
• It Was the 2nd Deadliest Conflict in the
western History

3. Imperialist Rivalries
Formation Of Alliances-
E.g.-
• 1881-Austro-Serbian alliance to stop Russia
gaining control.
• 1882-Triple alliance:
Austria,Hungary,Germany, Italy
• 1894-Franco-Russia Alliance signed to protest
against Germany and Austria-Hungary.
France,Germany,Italy,Belgium tried to conquer
African countries. France tried to conquer
South Africa through Red Sea.
• ‘The Entente Cordiale’=Friendly relationship
• Triple Entente=France, Russia,UK alarmed
Germany.

4. Imperialism
• Imperialism is when a country takes over new
lands or countries and make them subject to
their rule.
• Imperialism is when a country increases its
power and wealth by origining additional
territories under their control
• The Competition Led To WWI
• In the middle east the ottoman empire
attacked Austria-Hungary because it had
plenty of wealth (oil)
• In Asia European Countries like England
attacked India.

5. Alliances and 28 June 1914
• European Alliances were loose and unstable.
• Germany-Austrian
• Italy
• Franco-Russian
• Neutral Belgium
• On 28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand
of Austria, heir apparent to the Austro-
Hungarian throne, and his
wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, were
shot dead in Sarajevo, by Gavrilo Princip, one
of a group of six Bosnian Serb assassins
coordinated by Danilo Ilić. The political
objective of the assassination was to break
off Austria-Hungary's south-Slav provinces so
they could be combined into a Greater
Serbia or Yugoslavia. The assassins' motives
were consistent with the movement that
later became known as Young Bosnia. Serbian
military officers stood behind the attack.

6. Nationalism and Pan-Slavism
• Nationalism is a political ideology that
involves a strong identification of a group of
individuals with a political entity defined in
national terms, i.e. a nation. In the
'modernist' image of the nation, it is
nationalism that creates national identity.
• Pan-Slavism was a movement in the mid-
19th century aimed at unity of all the Slavic
peoples. The main focus was in
the Balkans where the South Slavs had been
ruled for centuries by other
empires, Byzantine Empire, Austria-
Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Venice. It
was also used as a political tool by both
the Russian Empire and the Soviet
Union, which gained political-military
influence and control over all Slavic-majority
nations between 1945 and 1948.

7. Competition and arms race
• There was tough competition between
Germany and Britain.
• The "Weltpolitik" (world policy) strategy was
adopted by Germany in the late 19th century,
replacing the earlier "Realpolitik" approach.
• The start of this policy was signaled in 1897
with then Foreign Minister Bernhard von
Bülow stating that Germany now pursued
such a policy.
• This was a more aggressive policy which
resulted in conflict between Germany and
foreign nations, being held to be significantly
responsible for a series of Great Power
diplomatic crises in the lead up to the First
World War.

8. Austria-Hungary
• Austria-
• Population-8.4 million (app.)
• Area-83,855 sq.km.
• Hungary
• Hungary is a member of OECD, NATO, EU, and
theVisegrád Group and is a Schengen state.
• Lang-Hungarian
LOSS
• area-325,111 Sq.km -93,073sq.km
• Pop-64% Loss
• 5 cities were lost

9. Loss in WWI
• Causalities
• Central Powers Military-22%
• Civilians-21%
• Entente military-36%
• Civilians-20%
• Causalities (due to technological advancements)
• Properties
• Virus killed about 50 million people exact amount is
Unknown.
• Landscape changes was another Change that
Occurred

10. Trench Warfare
• Trench warfare is a form of occupied fighting
lines, consisting largely of trenches, in which
troops are largely immune to the
enemy's small arms fire and are substantially
sheltered from artillery. It has become a
byword for attrition warfare, for stalemate in
conflict, with a slow wearing down of
opposing forces.
• Trenching-
Entrenching
Sapping
Tunneling

11. Trench warfare
• Trench warfare occurred when a military
revolution in firepower was not matched by similar
advances in mobility, resulting in a grueling form of
warfare in which the defense held the advantage. In
World War I, both sides constructed elaborate
trench and dugout systems opposing each other
along a front, protected from assault by barbed
wire.
• Usually 12 ft. long. The banked earth on the lip of
the trench facing the enemy was called
the parapet and had a fire step. The embanked rear
lip of the trench was called the parados. The parados
protected the soldier's back from shells falling
behind the trench. The sides of the trench were
often revetted with sandbags, wooden frames and
wire mesh. The floor of the trench was usually
covered by wooden duckboards. In later designs the
floor might be raised on a wooden frame to provide
a drainage channel underneath.
• Dugouts of varying degrees of luxury would be built
in the rear of the support trench. British dugouts
were usually 8 to 16 feet (2.4 to 4.9 m) deep,
whereas German dugouts were typically much
deeper, usually a minimum of 12 feet (3.7 m) deep
and sometimes dug three stories down, with
concrete staircases to reach the upper levels.

12. Trench warfare
• One Could see a max. of 10 Yards(9m)from
the trenches.
• The common infantry soldier had four
weapons to use in the trenches:
the rifle, bayonet, shotgun, and hand
grenade.
• Tanks were introduced by British to break the
deadlock of trench warfare.
• The Germans embraced the machine gun
from the outset—in 1904, sixteen units were
equipped with 'Maschinengewehr'—and the
machine gun crews were the elite infantry
units.
• The Germans
employed Flammenwerfer (flamethrowers)
during the war for the first time against the
French on 25 June 1915, then against the
British 30 July in Hooge.

13. The End