Svetlana Zaitseva
FAO
Materials of the workshop on Resolving agricultural trade issues through the WTO organized by FAO in collaboration with Ukraine’s Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine in Kyiv on June 7, 2017.
http://www.fao.org/economic/est/est-events-new/wtokiev/en/
http://www.fao.org/europe/news/detail-news/en/c/892730/
World Trade Organisation's Dispute Settlement ProcedurePatrick Aboku
A presentation on the World Trade Organisation's Dispute Settlement Procedure under the Dispute Settlement Understanding Administered by the Dispute Settlement Body
World Trade Organisation's Dispute Settlement ProcedurePatrick Aboku
A presentation on the World Trade Organisation's Dispute Settlement Procedure under the Dispute Settlement Understanding Administered by the Dispute Settlement Body
this is uploaded by Mukhdoom waseem qureshi advocate high court Lahore pakistan who is the CEO of Ideal Legal Consultants. for more inoformation you can contact through E-mail or cell: Waseem_qureshi@hotmail.com.cell+92-321-4288000
www.idea
This presentation depicts the evolution of International Trade Law and major steps taken to formulate the specialized forum dealing solely on international trade negotiations, it further enumerates the significance of World Trade Organizatio
This presentation gives basic information about World Trade Organization. it shows various aspects of WTO. It also contains a case study of United States based on gasoline followed by panel discussion views regarding the case study.
In 1944, the United States and Britain held a conference (Bretton Woods) that established:
1. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) (IBRD)
2. International Monetary Fund (IMF)
this is uploaded by Mukhdoom waseem qureshi advocate high court Lahore pakistan who is the CEO of Ideal Legal Consultants. for more inoformation you can contact through E-mail or cell: Waseem_qureshi@hotmail.com.cell+92-321-4288000
www.idea
This presentation depicts the evolution of International Trade Law and major steps taken to formulate the specialized forum dealing solely on international trade negotiations, it further enumerates the significance of World Trade Organizatio
This presentation gives basic information about World Trade Organization. it shows various aspects of WTO. It also contains a case study of United States based on gasoline followed by panel discussion views regarding the case study.
In 1944, the United States and Britain held a conference (Bretton Woods) that established:
1. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) (IBRD)
2. International Monetary Fund (IMF)
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
WTO trade dispute settlement: starting from the key points
1. WTO trade dispute settlement:
starting from the key points
Svetlana Zaitseva
Kiev
7 June 2017
1
2. WTO dispute settlement
A trade dispute, it is always :
a specific measure (law, government
regulation, court ruling, existing practice
(even private if state-controlled))
affecting market access conditions
(conditions of trade) for another WTO
member, which
potentially violates a balance of rights,
i.e. WTO rules
2
3. WTO dispute settlement: what
should we know
Only states can be parties to disputes, i.e. a
government vs another government or as a third
party
Disputes can be initiated by any WTO member or
joinly by several countries (co-complainants)
If a government begins a dispute it doesn’t mean
that business is standing by
A dispute may not be initiated by the WTO
Secretariat, observer countries, international
organizations, regional blocs, or local authorities
3
4. WTO dispute settlement: what is
important to know
Don’ts :
Challenge violations of other
international treaties at WTO even if
trade agreements
Refer settlement of a trade dispute
between Members to some other
“court” (e.g. the International Court at
The Hague)
4
5. WTO dispute settlement: what is
important to know
Don’ts:
Challenge trade violations to address
politics
Reject a case on the political
factor/benefit grounds, etc.
Demand pecuniary compensation for
loss (in a case)
5
6. WTO dispute settlement:
following a procedure
One may not impose countermeasures before
completing a dispute resolution procedure as
per the
UNDERSTANDING ON RULES AND PROCEDURES
GOVERNMENT THE SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES
… opportunities exist to reach agreement in any
stage of a dispute
6
7. WTO dispute settlement:
important to know
One may not initiate a dispute based on
notifications and/or the Trade Policy
Review Mechanism
7
8. WTO dispute settlement: what
are we seeking
“Recommendations or rulings made by the DSB
shall be aimed at achieving a satisfactory
settlement of the matter in accordance with the
rights and obligations under this Understanding
and under the covered agreements.”
Mutually agreed solution
8
9. WTO dispute settlement:
substantiation
There should always be a legal basis for the
violation – a specific article or provisions of:
WTO Agreement, GATT, covered agreements
(e.g. TBT, SPS…),
GATS,
TRIPS
agreements with a limited number of parties
(e.g. Agreement on Government Procurement),
the country’s commitments undertaken at WTO
accession
9
10. WTO dispute settlement: role
of business
Business should :
identify an issue (subject of a potential
dispute)
assume what it believes has been
violated (agreements, articles…)
collect an evidence base on its level
build communication with a relevant
body (ministry) that will pursue the case
Amicus curiae
10
11. WTO dispute settlement: role of
government
Listen to business and help it address the
issue by choosing a right strategy and
right tools
Ensure transparency of its policies and
actions, particularly if it is about a
dispute
Arrange interagency work and
coordination – Ministry of Agriculture
(and all services), Ministry of Economic
Development and Trade, Ministry of
Foreign Affairs, external experts, legal
support
11
12. WTO dispute settlement: role of
government
Ensure official efficient communication with a
responding party
Ensure diplomatic follow-up of the case (via its
diplomatic mission in Geneva or in other country
where consultations and meetings can take
place)
Ensure efficient interaction with the WTO
Committees, Secretariat, Panel, AB…
Ensure compliance with the DSB ruling (as a losing
party) or monitor compliance therewith by a
losing party
Consider dispute experience in formulation of its
trade policy and especially specific measures
12
14. WTO dispute settlement:
questions
What is a trade dispute?
What may not be disputed at the WTO?
Is it possible to compensate the damage
caused by violation of WTO rules
financially?
How can a farmer benefit from WTO
disputes?
14