The document discusses various types of texts including news items, analytical expository texts, analytical hortatory texts, spoof texts, explanation texts, discussion texts, and review texts. For each text type, it provides the purpose, generic structure, and dominant language features. The generic structures typically include an introduction/thesis, body with arguments or events, and a conclusion. Language features include use of verbs, nouns, adjectives, conjunctions and other parts of speech tailored to the purpose of each text type.

2. IT DISCUSSES ABOUT
I. INTRODUCTION
II. THE MATERIALS

3. I. INTRODUCTION
What are the principles of writing?
1. We have to know the Generic Structure of the text. It
can make us easy to decide what our text is.
2. We have to make the outline of the text
3. We have to decide the main idea of every paragraphs,
so we can compose it clearly

4. After we know the way to write, we can compose
the text . We can use our own word that we know. If we
finish it, we can check the vocabulary, the
grammar, punctuation, and spelling.

5. II. THE MATERIALS
1. NEWS ITEM
2. ANALYTICAL EXPOSITORY
3. ANALYTICAL HORTATORY
4. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANALYTICAL
EXPOSITORY AND HORTATORY
5. SPOOF
6. EXPLANATION TEXT
7. DISCUSSION TEXT
8. REVIEW TEXT

6. NEWS ITEM
A. Purpose
to inform readers about events of the day which are considered
newsworthy or important
B. Dominant Generic Structure:
1. Newsworthy event(s)
recounts the event in summary form
2. Background event(s)
elaborate what happened, to whom, in what circumstances.
3. Sources
comments by participants in, witnesses to and authorities expert
on the event
B. Dominant Language Features:
1. Short, telegraphic information about story captured
in headline
2. Using action verbs
3. Using saying verbs
4. Using adverbs : time, place and manner

7. ANALYTICAL EXPOSITORY
A. Purpose:
To reveal the readers that something is the important
case
B. Generic Structure:
1. Thesis : opinion / proposal of something
2. Arguments : reasons behind the proposal or argument
3. Reiteration/Conclusion : sometimes what has been
discussed is also expressed again in the end of the text.
B. Dominant Language Features:
1. Using modals 5. Using adjective
2. Using action verbs 6. Using technical terms
3. Using thinking verbs 7. Using general and abstract noun
4. Using adverbs 8. Using connectives/transition

8. ANALYTICAL HORTATORY
A. Purpose:
to persuade the readers that something should or should not be the
case or be done
B. Generic Structure:
1. Thesis : The general statement of topic discussed.
2. Arguments : Arguments which are arranged according to the writer's
choice. Usually it is based on the criteria of weak and strong
arguments.
3. Recommendation : Suggestion which contains what should or should
not happen
B. Dominant Language features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense 5. Using adverbs
2. Using modals 6. Using adjective
3. Using action verbs 8. Using general and abstract noun
4. Using thinking verbs 9. Using connectives/transition

9. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
A.EXPOSITORY AND A.HORTATORY
ANALITYCAL EXPOSITORY ANALYTICAL HORTATORY
a. Purpose
To reveal the readers that
something is the important
case
b. Generic Structure
1. Thesis
2. Arguments
3. Reiteration/Conclusion
a. Purpose
to persuade the readers
that something should or
should not be the case or be
done
b. Generic Structure 1. Thesis
2. Arguments
3. Recommendation

10. SPOOF
A. Purpose:
to tell an event with a humorous twist and entertain the
readers
B. Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
It contains the introduction of characters and the
setting of the story
2. Event(s)
It contains what happen to the characters
3. Twist
It contains unpredictable funny ending of the story
C. Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adverb
4. Chronologically arranged

11. EXPLANATION TEXT
A. Purpose:
To explain the processes involved in the formation or working of natural
or socio-cultural phenomena.
B. Generic Structure:
1. General statement
it provides a general statement to position the reader. It focuses on
generic, non human participants.
2. Explanation
gives a sequence explaining of why or how something occurs.
3. Closing
B. Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense 5. Using adverbial phrase
2. Using action verbs 6. Using technical terms
3. Using passive voice 7. Using general and
abstract noun
4. Using noun phrase 8. Using conjunction of time
and cause-effect.

12. DISCUSSION TEXT
A. Purpose:
to present information and opinions about issues in more one side of an issue
(‘For/Pros’ and ‘Against/Cons’)
B. Generic Structure:
1. Issue
This part is supported by some background information
about the issue (statement)
2. Arguments for and against
the text provides evidences for different arguments for and against the
issue
3. Conclusion
the text leaves a conclusion or recommendation, which might sum up both sides or
might recommend in favor of one particular side
B. Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Use of relating verb/to be
3. Using thinking verb
4. Using general and abstract noun
5. Using conjunction/transition
6. Using modality
7. Using adverb of manner

13. REVIEW TEXT
A. Purpose:
to critique or evaluate an art work or event for a public audience
B. Dominant Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
places the work in its general and particular context, often by
comparing it with others of its kind or thorough an analog with a
non-art object or event.
2. Evaluation
provides an evaluation of the work and/ or its performance or
production; is usually recursive
3. Interpretative Recount
summarize the plot and/or providers an account of how the reviewed
rendition of the work came into being.
4. Evaluative Sum
B. Dominant Language features:
1. Focus on specific participants
2. Using adjectives
3. Using long and complex clauses
4. Using metaphor