The document argues that governments often lie to initiate wars that people would otherwise oppose. It provides multiple examples throughout history where governments deceived their own people to garner support for wars, including the US governments' lies leading to the Spanish-American War, Vietnam War, and Iraq War. The document asserts that the Bush administration intentionally deceived Congress and the American people through false evidence and claims about Iraq's weapons in order to start the Iraq War for political reasons, and that this deception constitutes a serious crime. It calls for holding the liars accountable to deter future leaders from lying to initiate wars.
To what extent does the historical film and literature realistically depict g...Megan Kedzlie
A historical investigation that analyzes the extent to which film and literature realistically depicted the warfare that the US Troops experienced under General Westermoreland's "Search and Destroy" tactics.
To what extent does the historical film and literature realistically depict g...Megan Kedzlie
A historical investigation that analyzes the extent to which film and literature realistically depicted the warfare that the US Troops experienced under General Westermoreland's "Search and Destroy" tactics.
586 CHAPTER 19
•nationalism
•militarism
•Allies
•Central Powers
•Archduke Franz Ferdinand
•no man’s land
•trench warfare
•Lusitania
•Zimmermann note
1. TERMS & NAMES For each term or name, write a sentence explaining its significance.
MAIN IDEA
2. TAKING NOTES
In a chart like the one shown, list
the causes for the outbreak of
World War I.
Which was the most significant
cause? Explain your answer.
CRITICAL THINKING
3. SYNTHESIZING
Describe some ways in which
World War I threatened the lives
of civilians on both sides of
the Atlantic.
4. SUMMARIZING
Why were America’s ties with the
Allies stronger than its ties with the
Central Powers?
5. ANALYZING ISSUES
Why do you think Germany
escalated its U-boat attacks
in 1917? Think About:
• Germany’s military buildup
• the effects of the British
blockade
• Germany’s reason for using
submarine warfare
replaced with a representative government. Now supporters
of American entry into the war could claim that this was a
war of democracies against brutal monarchies.
AMERICA ACTS A light drizzle fell on Washington on
April 2, 1917, as senators, representatives, ambassadors,
members of the Supreme Court, and other guests crowd-
ed into the Capitol building to hear President Wilson
deliver his war resolution.
A PERSONAL VOICE WOODROW WILSON
“ Property can be paid for; the lives of peaceful and
innocent people cannot be. The present German submarine
warfare against commerce is a warfare against mankind.
. . . We are glad . . . to fight . . . for the ultimate peace of
the world and for the liberation of its peoples. . . . The
world must be made safe for democracy. . . . We have no
selfish ends to serve. We desire no conquest, no dominion.
We seek no indemnities. . . . It is a fearful thing to lead
this great peaceful people into war. . . . But the right is
more precious than peace.”
—quoted in American Voices
Congress passed the resolution a few days later. With
the hope of neutrality finally shattered, U.S. troops would
follow the stream of American money and munitions that
had been heading to the Allies throughout the war. But
Wilson’s plea to make the world “safe for democracy” wasn’t just political pos-
turing. Indeed, Wilson and many Americans truly believed that the United States
had to join the war to pave the way for a future order of peace and freedom. A
resolved but anxious nation held its breath as the United States prepared for war.
WO
RLD STAGEWO
RLD STAGE
REVOLUTION IN RUSSIA
At first, the Russians surprised
the Germans by mobilizing rapid-
ly. Russian troops advanced
quickly into German territory but
were turned back at the Battle
of Tannenberg in August 1914.
Throughout 1915, the Russians
endured defeats and continued
to retreat. By the end of 1915
they had suffered about 2.5 mil-
lion casualties. The war also
caused massive bread shortages
in Russia.
Revolutionaries ousted the czar
in March 1917 and estab.
Pearl Harbor Outline
Pearl Harbor Dbq Essay
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Essay Pearl Harbor
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Pearl Harbor Summary
Essay on Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor Essay
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1 HIST 120 Dr. Schaffer The Battle of Trenton .docxhoney725342
1
HIST 120 Dr. Schaffer
The Battle of Trenton
Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851), by Emanuel Leutze
This painting is one of the most famous depictions of an event from American history. Washington
Crossing the Delaware was painted in 1851 by a German immigrant named Emanuel Leutze.
(Therefore, this picture was painted long after the event it depicts and is not a primary source for the
Revolutionary War.) The painting depicts the dangerous and daring crossing of the Delaware River by
General George Washington on the night of December 25, 1776. Washington went on to capture 1,000
Hessians at the Battle of Trenton, in New Jersey, in the wee hours of the morning of December 26. (The
Hessians were German mercenaries and played a role in the British army similar to that of special
forces.) Despite the fact that Leutze painted this picture long after the Revolutionary War had ended, his
painting nevertheless captures the bravery (desperation? foolhardiness?) of Washington’s expedition, as
well as the rag-tag nature of the Continental Army. Note that only some of the men in the boat are in
uniform. Note also that one of the men is African American. Historians think that one of the men
holding the flag may represent the future president James Madison, who served under Washington in the
Revolutionary War.
By late 1776 the war was going badly for the Patriots (aka the American rebels). Washington
and the Continental Army did not have the training necessary to defeat the British in a pitched battle
2
HIST 120 Dr. Schaffer
(where the two sides line up on opposite sides of a battlefield) and he had kept the war going by using
guerilla tactics and forcing the British army to chase him around the countryside. Furthermore, the term
of enlistment for much of Washington’s army ended on December 31, 1776 and the soldiers in the
Continental Army were so demoralized and poorly provisioned that Washington feared that they would
chose not to re-enlist. Washington needed a game-changer and therefore, with utmost secrecy, he
planned an attack on a force of Hessians at Trenton for Christmas night 1776. This campaign was so
secret that, as the soldiers headed off into a raging blizzard on December 25, they did not yet know what
their target was.
Conditions were not conducive to a top-
secret covert operation. Washington had
divided his forces into three contingents; one
would cross the Delaware south of Trenton; one
would cross near Trenton; and the force
personally commanded by Washington himself
would cross north of Trenton. The plan was to
converge on Trenton in a coordinated attack,
taking the drunken and sleepy Hessians by
surprise (it was Christmas night – they had been
partying). A night-time coordinated attack
under the best of circumstances in the
eighteenth century, before modern
communication-tools like radio, was extremely
difficult. Moreover, ...
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
1. THE LIE OF THE CENTURY
THE LIE OF THE CENTURY
The Downing Street Memo is only the beginning of the proof we were all lied to.
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"All war is based on deception." -- Sun Tzu, The Art of War
There is nothing new in a government lying to their people to start a war. Indeed because most people prefer
living in peace to bloody and horrific death in war, any government that desires to initiate a war usually lies to
their people to create the illusion that support for the war is the only possible choice they can make.
President McKinley told
the American people that
the USS Maine had been
sunk in Havana Harbor
by a Spanish mine. The
American people,
outraged by this apparent
unprovoked attack,
supported the Spanish
American War. The
Captain of the USS
Maine had insisted the
ship was sunk by a coal
bin explosion,
investigations after the
war proved that such had
indeed been the case.
There had been no mine.
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2. THE LIE OF THE CENTURY
Hitler used this principle of lying to his
own people to initiate an invasion. He
told the people of Germany that Poland
had attacked first and staged fake attacks
against German targets. The Germans,
convinced they were being threatened,
followed Hitler into Poland and into
World War 2.
FDR claimed Pearl Harbor was a surprise attack. It
wasn't. The United States saw war with Japan as the
means to get into war with Germany, which Americans
opposed. So Roosevelt needed Japan to appear to strike
first. Following an 8-step plan devised by the Office of
Naval Intelligence, Roosevelt intentionally provoked
Japan into the attack. Contrary to the official story, the
fleet did not maintain radio silence, but sent messages
intercepted and decoded by US intercept stations.
Tricked by the lie of a surprise attack, Americans
marched off to war.
President Johnson lied about the Gulf of
Tonkin to send Americans off to fight in
Vietnam. There were no torpedoes in the
water in the Gulf. LBJ took advantage of an
inexperienced sonar man's report to goad
Congress into escalating the Vietnam War.
It is inescapable historical reality that leaders of nations will lie to their people to trick them into wars they
otherwise would have refused. It is not "conspiracy theory" to suggest that leaders of nations lie to trick their
people into wars. It is undeniable fact.
This brings us to the present case.
Did the government of the United States lie to the American people, more to the point, did President Bush
and his Neocon associates lie to Congress, to initiate a war of conquest in Iraq?
This question has been given currency by a memo leaked from inside the British Government which clearly
indicates a decision to go to war followed by the "fixing" of information around that policy. This is, as they
say, a smoking gun.
But the fact is that long before this memo surfaced, it had become obvious that the US Government, aided
by that of Great Britain, was lying to create the public support for a war in Iraq.
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3. THE LIE OF THE CENTURY
First off is Tony Blair's "Dodgy Dossier", a document released by the Prime
Minister that made many of the claims used to support the push for war. The
dossier soon collapsed when it was revealed that much of it had been plagiarized
from a student thesis paper that was 12 years old!
The contents of the dossier, however much they seemed to create a good case for
invasion, were obsolete and outdated.
This use of material that could not possibly be relevant at the time is clear proof of
a deliberate attempt to deceive.
Then there was the claim about the
"Mobile biological weapons laboratories".
Proffered in the absence of any real
laboratories in the wake of the invasion,
photos of these trailers were shown on all
the US Mainstream Media, with the claim
they while seeming to lack anything
suggesting biological processing, these
were part of a much larger assembly of
multiple trailers that churned out
biological weapons of mass destruction.
The chief proponent of this hoax was Colin Powell, who presented
illustrations such as this one to the United Nations on February 5th,
2003.
This claim fell apart when it was revealed that these trailers were
nothing more than hydrogen gas generators used to inflate weather
balloons. This fact was already known to both the US and UK, as a
British company manufactured the units and sold them to Iraq.
Click for full sized image
Colin Powell's speech to the UN was itself one misstatement after another. Powell claimed that Iraq had
purchased special aluminum tubes whose only possible use was in uranium enrichment centrifuges. Both
CIA and Powell's own State Department confirmed that the tubes were parts for missiles Saddam was
legally allowed to have. Following the invasion, no centrifuges, aluminum or otherwise were found.
Powell also claimed to the United Nations that the photo on the left
showed "Decontamination Vehicles". But when United Nations
inspectors visited the site after the invasion, they located the vehicles
and discovered they were just firefighting equipment.
Powell claimed the Iraqis had illegal rockets and launchers hidden in
the palm trees of Western Iraq. None were ever found.
Powell claimed that the Iraqis had 8,500 liters (2245 gallons) of
Click for full sized image Anthrax. None was ever found.
Powell claimed that Iraq had four tons of VX nerve gas. The UN had already confirmed that it was
destroyed. The only VX ever found were samples the US had left as "standards" for testing. When the UN
suspected that the US samples had been used to contaminate Iraqi warheads, the US moved quickly to
destroy the samples before comparison tests could be carried out.
Powell claimed that Iraq was building long-range remote drones specifically designed to carry biological
weapons. The only drones found were short-range reconnaissance drones.
Powell claimed that Iraq had an aggregate of between 100 and 500 tons of chemical and biological warfare
agents. Powell gave no basis for that claim at all, and a DIA report issued the same time directly
contradicted the claim. No biological or chemical weapons were found in Iraq following the invasion.
Powell claimed that "unnamed sources" confirmed that Saddam had authorized his field commanders to use
biological weapons. No such weapons were ever used by the Iraqis to defend against the invasion and, of
course, none were ever found in Iraq.
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4. THE LIE OF THE CENTURY
Powell claimed that 122mm warheads found by the UN inspectors were chemical weapons. The warheads
were empty, and showed no signs of ever having contained chemical weapons.
Powell claimed that Iraq had a secret force of illegal long-range Scud missiles. None were ever found.
Powell claimed to have an audio tape proving that Saddam was supporting Osama Bin Laden. But
independent translation of the tape revealed Osama's wish for Saddam's death.
Colin Powell's UN debacle also included spy photos taken from
high flying aircraft and spacecraft. On the photos were circles and
arrows and labels pointing to various fuzzy white blobs and
identifying them as laboratories and storage areas for Saddam's
massive weapons of mass destruction program. Nothing in the
photos actually suggested what the blobby shapes were and
inspections which followed the invasion, all of them turned out to
be rather benign.
In at least one case, the satellite Powell claimed had taken one of
the pictures had actually been out of operation at the time. And
many questioned why Powell was showing black and white photos
when the satellites in use at the time over Iraq took color images.
Another piece of evidence consists of
documents which President Bush referenced as
in his 2003 State of the Union Speech.
According to Bush, these documents proved
that Iraq was buying tons of uranium oxide,
called "Yellow Cake" from Niger.
Since Israel had bombed Iraq's nuclear power
plant years before, it was claimed that the only
reason Saddam would have for buying uranium
oxide was to build bombs.
This hoax fell apart fast when it was pointed out that Iraq has a great deal of uranium ore inside their own
borders and no need to import any from Niger or anywhere else. The I.A.E.A. then blew the cover off the
fraud by announcing that the documents Bush had used were not only forgeries, but too obvious to believe
that anyone in the Bush administration did not know they were forgeries! The forged documents were
reported as being "discovered" in Italy by SISMI, the Italian Security Service. Shortly before the "discovery"
the head of SISMI had been paid a visit by Michael Ledeen, Manucher Ghorbanifar, and two officials from
OSP, one of whom was Larry Franklin, the Israeli spy operating inside the OSP.
In July, 2005, the Italian Parliament concluded their own investgation and named four men as suspects in the
creation of the forged documents. Michael Ledeen, Dewey Clarridge, Ahmed Chalabi and Francis Brookes.
This report has been included in Patrick Fitzgerald's investigation into the outing of Valerie Plame, and Paul
McNulty, the prosecutor of the AIPAC spy case.
In the end, the real proof that we were lied to about Iraq's weapons of mass destruction is that no weapons of
mass destruction were ever found. That means that every single piece of paper that purported to prove that
Iraq had weapons of mass destruction was by default a fraud, a hoax, and a lie. There could be no evidence
that supported the claim that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction because Iraq did not have weapons of
mass destruction. In a way, the existence of any faked documents about Iraq's WMDs is actually an
admission of guilt. If one is taking the time to create fake documents, the implication is that the faker is
already aware that there are no genuine documents.
What the US Government had, ALL that they had, were copied student papers, forged "Yellow Cake"
documents, balloon inflators posing as bioweapons labs, and photos with misleading labels on them. And
somewhere along the line, someone decided to put those misleading labels on those photos, to pretend that
balloon inflators are portable bioweapons labs, and to pass off stolen student papers as contemporary
analysis.
And THAT shows an intention to deceive.
Lawyers call this "Mens Rea", which means "Guilty Mind". TV lawyer shows call it "Malice aforethought".
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5. THE LIE OF THE CENTURY
This means that not only did the Bush Administration lie to the people and to the US Congress, but knew
they were doing something illegal at the time that they did it.
All the talk about "Intelligence failure" is just another lie. There was no failure. Indeed the Army agents who
erroneously claimed that missile tubes were parts for a uranium centrifuge received bonuses, while the
Pentagon smeared Hans Blix, and John Bolton orchestrated the firing of Jose Bustani, the director of the
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, because Bustani was trying to send chemical
weapons inspectors to Baghdad.
The President of the United States and his Neocon associates lied to the people of the United States to send
them off on a war of conquest.
Defenders of the government will point to the cases listed at the top of the page as proof that lying to the
people is a normal part of the leader's job and we should all get used to it. And because "Everybody does it"
that we should not single out the present administration. But this is madness. We do not catch all the
murderers, yet when we catch a murderer, we deal with them as harshly as possible, in order to deter more
murderers.
Right now, we have the criminals at hand. and, while other leaders in history have lied to start wars, for the
first time in history, the lie stands exposed while the war started with the lies still rages on, to the death and
detriment of our young men and women in uniform. We cannot in good moral conscience ignore this lie, this
crime, lest we encourage future leaders to continue to lie to use to send our kids off to pointless wars. Lying
to start a war is more than an impeachable offence; it the highest possible crime a government can commit
against their own people. Lying to start a war is not only misappropriation of the nation's military and the
nation's money under false pretenses, but it is outright murder committed on a massive scale. Lying to start a
war is a betrayal of the trust each and every person who serves in the military places in their civilian
leadership. By lying to start a war, the Bush administration has told the military fatalities and their families
that they have no right to know why they were sent to their deaths. It's none of their business.
Our nation is founded on the principle of rule with the consent of the governed. Because We The People do
not consent to be lied to, a government that lies rules without the consent of the governed, and ruling
without the consent of the governed is slavery.
You should be more than angry. You should be in a rage. You should be in a rage no less than that of the
families of those young men and women who have been killed and maimed in this war started with a lie.You
need to be in a rage and you need to act on that rage because even as I type these words, the same
government that lied about Iraq's nuclear weapons is telling the exact same lies about Iran's nuclear
capabilities. The writing is on the wall; having gotten away with lying to start the war in Iraq, the US
Government will lie to start a war in Iran, and after that another, and after that another, and another and
another and another because as long as you remain silent, and as long as you remain inactive, the liars have
no reason to stop.
As long as you remain inactive, the liars have no reason to stop.
None.
It is time to fire the liars.
"The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is
for good men to do nothing" .
--Edmund Burke
U.S.C. TITLE 18 > PART I > CHAPTER 47 § 1001.
(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, WHOEVER, in any matter within the jurisdiction of the
executive, legislative, or judicial branch of the Government of the United States, knowingly and willfully—
(1) falsifies, conceals, or covers up by ANY trick, scheme, or device a material fact;
(2) makes any materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or representation; or
(3) makes or USES any false writing or document knowing the same to contain any materially false,
fictitious, or fraudulent statement or entry; shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 5 years,
or both.
(b) Subsection (a) does not apply to a party to a judicial proceeding, or that party's counsel, for statements,
representations, writings or documents submitted by such party or counsel to a judge or magistrate in that
proceeding.
(c) With respect to any matter within the jurisdiction of the legislative branch, subsection (a) shall apply only
to—
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6. THE LIE OF THE CENTURY
(1) administrative matters, including a claim for payment, a matter related to the procurement of property or
services, personnel or employment practices, or support services, or a document required by law, rule, or
regulation to be submitted to the Congress or any office or officer within the legislative branch; or
(2) any investigation or review, conducted pursuant to the authority of any committee, subcommittee,
commission or office of the Congress, consistent with applicable rules of the House or Senate.
SO HERE IS WHAT WE ARE GOING TO DO
The Bush administration and their friends in the media want this story to go away. More than want it to go
away, they are in a panic, and will do everything they can to stop it. They will use every dirty trick, every paid
shill, every presstitute that they can. Already there is a report that the Michael Jackson jury is "expected" to
reach a verdict just before the Conyers hearings.
So, I want YOU to copy this article off, post it everywhere. This article is placed in the public domain. Mail it
to your friends. Then send it to your local media and your Congresscritters and have everyone you know do
the same. Get on the phones. Flood their offices.
The term is "Viral Marketing" where you get the people who need a product to market it for you. Well, this
nation NEEDS this "product". It needs to know that this war was started with lies. INTENTIONAL lies. And
they need to know there is something they can do about it, and that is to start pounding on the doors of power.
Because when a flood of such messages reaches the Congress and the media, what they will hear is that there
is no more time. Either they will deal with these lies and the liars, in full, or they will lose all credibility as a
government and as media.
A government that lies to the people cannot be the legal government of this land. Make sure that they
understand that YOU understand that the Constitution does not allow the government to lie to the people.
Calling themselves the government does not make it so if they act unconstitutionally and illegally. The
Constitution is the original "Contract with America" and a government that lies stands in clear breach of that
contract.
MORE MEDIA CONTACTS MORE CONGRESSIONAL CONTACTS
But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object, evinces a
design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such
Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.
-- "The Declaration of Independence"
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7. THE LIE OF THE CENTURY
LINK TO THIS ARTICLE
Use the above image with the following HTML
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Click for "Lie Of The Century"</a>
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