Postadoption contact agreements allow for some contact between an adopted child's birth family and adoptive family after adoption. Approximately 23 states have laws permitting written, enforceable contact agreements. These agreements specify the type and frequency of contact between parties. The court must approve agreements and can enforce or modify them based on the best interests of the child. States address postadoption contact through enforceable agreements, non-binding agreements, or silence in their laws.
This document discusses postadoption contact agreements between birth and adoptive families. It notes that approximately 23 states currently have statutes that allow written and enforceable contact agreements between birth and adoptive families after an adoption is finalized. These agreements specify the type and frequency of contact between the families. The document also outlines some of the factors that have led to a rise in such agreements, including recognition of birth parents' rights and the prevalence of older child adoptions from foster care where existing relationships are important.
The document discusses various aspects of adoption reform legislation. It defines key terms like amended birth certificate, birth parent confidentiality, clean bill, contact preference, contact veto, disclosure veto, mutual consent registry, original birth certificate, and open records. It explains that original birth certificates were historically sealed after adoption finalization to protect birth parent identity, though no promises of lifetime anonymity were ever made. It argues that adult adoptees should have an unrestricted right to their original birth certificate, as confidentiality interests do not outweigh basic rights of identity and medical history access. Alternative approaches like registries and vetoes are problematic for various reasons.
This document summarizes the arguments in the debate around whether adult adoptees should have access to their original birth certificates and adoption records. It finds that the experiences of states that have granted access show few negative consequences. The document recommends that all states should restore adult adoptees' unrestricted access to their original birth certificates based on the evidence. It also recommends further research on outcomes for adoptees and birthparents after records are opened.
This study guide provides information for educators giving presentations about Gladney Center for Adoption. It includes a presentation outline, questions for discussion, a quiz, and helpful presentation tips. The guide discusses Gladney's history since 1887 and the changes in adoption practices over time, including more open adoption. It notes that while teen pregnancy rates are declining, adoption is still chosen in only 2% of teen pregnancies. The guide outlines Gladney's services for birth mothers and the process of matching with adoptive families.
The document discusses divorce proceedings involving minor children in Arizona. It notes that divorces with agreed upon parenting plans are only slightly more complex than childless divorces. However, Arizona laws and procedures can become more complicated if the spouses disagree on parenting issues or contest child support. Resolving differences over child-related decisions and support during divorce can make the process more intensive.
This document provides an executive summary of a report by the Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute regarding safeguarding the rights and well-being of birthparents in the adoption process. Some of the key findings include:
- Domestic infant adoptions number around 13,000-14,000 annually, and the profile of birthparents has changed significantly from past generations with most now being in their 20s rather than teenagers.
- Open adoption has become the norm, with over 90% of birthparents meeting prospective adoptive parents and helping to choose them. Contact and information exchange after placement helps reduce grief for most birthparents.
- Laws and practices vary greatly between states and do not always adequately protect
This document discusses postadoption contact agreements between birth and adoptive families. It notes that approximately 23 states currently have statutes that allow written and enforceable contact agreements between birth and adoptive families after an adoption is finalized. These agreements specify the type and frequency of contact between the families. The document also outlines some of the factors that have led to a rise in such agreements, including recognition of birth parents' rights and the prevalence of older child adoptions from foster care where existing relationships are important.
The document discusses various aspects of adoption reform legislation. It defines key terms like amended birth certificate, birth parent confidentiality, clean bill, contact preference, contact veto, disclosure veto, mutual consent registry, original birth certificate, and open records. It explains that original birth certificates were historically sealed after adoption finalization to protect birth parent identity, though no promises of lifetime anonymity were ever made. It argues that adult adoptees should have an unrestricted right to their original birth certificate, as confidentiality interests do not outweigh basic rights of identity and medical history access. Alternative approaches like registries and vetoes are problematic for various reasons.
This document summarizes the arguments in the debate around whether adult adoptees should have access to their original birth certificates and adoption records. It finds that the experiences of states that have granted access show few negative consequences. The document recommends that all states should restore adult adoptees' unrestricted access to their original birth certificates based on the evidence. It also recommends further research on outcomes for adoptees and birthparents after records are opened.
This study guide provides information for educators giving presentations about Gladney Center for Adoption. It includes a presentation outline, questions for discussion, a quiz, and helpful presentation tips. The guide discusses Gladney's history since 1887 and the changes in adoption practices over time, including more open adoption. It notes that while teen pregnancy rates are declining, adoption is still chosen in only 2% of teen pregnancies. The guide outlines Gladney's services for birth mothers and the process of matching with adoptive families.
The document discusses divorce proceedings involving minor children in Arizona. It notes that divorces with agreed upon parenting plans are only slightly more complex than childless divorces. However, Arizona laws and procedures can become more complicated if the spouses disagree on parenting issues or contest child support. Resolving differences over child-related decisions and support during divorce can make the process more intensive.
This document provides an executive summary of a report by the Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute regarding safeguarding the rights and well-being of birthparents in the adoption process. Some of the key findings include:
- Domestic infant adoptions number around 13,000-14,000 annually, and the profile of birthparents has changed significantly from past generations with most now being in their 20s rather than teenagers.
- Open adoption has become the norm, with over 90% of birthparents meeting prospective adoptive parents and helping to choose them. Contact and information exchange after placement helps reduce grief for most birthparents.
- Laws and practices vary greatly between states and do not always adequately protect
The document discusses the perspective of a person who was adopted through a closed adoption as a child. It provides three examples from the document:
1) The person was adopted at 1.5 years old and their adoption records were closed, providing no medical history for themselves or their adoptive parents.
2) A story is described where a boy who was adopted in a closed adoption committed a crime, and medical testing later found he had a genetic condition his birth mother had that was not known due to the closed adoption.
3) Several articles are summarized that discuss issues closed adoptions can cause for medical history, the emotions of birth mothers, and adoptees searching for their birth families.
The document discusses issues related to grandparents raising grandchildren in Utah. It provides national statistics showing that millions of children live with grandparents as caregivers. In Utah, the most common reason for this is parental methamphetamine abuse. The document outlines various legal issues around custody, visitation, medical consent and school enrollment. It also describes the different kinship care options in Utah and eligibility requirements for associated public benefits and services. Resources for grandparents raising grandchildren are provided.
The Catholic Charities began conducting paid search and reunion services back in the late 80\\’s early 90\\’s. Because of the new service they were providing,they also needed new specialized training for those who worked for them,to inform them how to conduct such services for the paying few.This file is a copy of the handbook provided to the Social Workers in training to become a certified intermediary for their searching adoption clients.
This document summarizes legal issues facing LGBTQ individuals and families. It discusses barriers LGBTQ families face such as lack of legal ties between parents and children. It outlines states that allow same-sex marriage and civil unions versus states that ban them. It also summarizes the federal Defense of Marriage Act and legal challenges to it. Additionally, it discusses how LGBTQ families are formed through adoption, surrogacy or artificial insemination and legal documents that can help protect LGBTQ families.
This document provides information on open adoption and discusses the potential pros and cons of open, semi-open, and confidential adoptions for birth parents, adoptive parents, and adopted children. It notes that no single type of adoption is best for every family and that the needs of each family may change over time. Resources for further information on open adoption are also listed, including books, websites, and options for speaking with counselors or other adoptive parents.
The document discusses peer-to-peer networking and connections. It provides examples of different types of peer-to-peer connections that can exist at different levels, with different focuses, timescales, goals, and modes of communication. These include connections between directors, trainers, supervisors, frontline workers and across topics like differential response, mental health systems, and more. The document advocates for revising policies and procedures to better accommodate modern peer-to-peer connections through means like phone calls, video conferences, listservs, blogs and online communities.
Description of the Toby Center located in Boynton Beach, FL which is a non-profit organization providing supervised visitation mediation as well as counseling and psychological evaluations
This document provides an overview of legal issues related to domestic violence and child custody. It discusses how custody and visitation processes can further abuse by allowing batterers to maintain control over victims. The document notes that courts must consider how domestic violence impacts custody arrangements and prioritize child safety over other goals. It also aims to dispel common myths about domestic violence, such as that it is easy for victims to leave their abusers or stop the abuse. The document contains resources on domestic violence and custody laws in different states.
Ethnic Identity and Interracial Adoption_Final PaperCorrina Wang
1) The document discusses the challenges of ethnic identity development for transracial adoptees, who are adopted by parents of a different race. It notes that while adoption provides children a stable home, transracial adoptees face unique challenges in developing their ethnic identity.
2) It examines how a "color-blind" approach to parenting that disconnects children from their ethnicity can negatively impact their identity development. The development of secure parent-child attachments is also discussed as important for children's well-being and resilience.
3) Limited or inaccurate information about children's pre-adoption lives and medical histories poses challenges and risks for transracial adoptees' development and decision-making as adults.
CGRS and Kids in Need of Defense (KIND) have collaborated to produce an important report urging lawmakers to reform the U.S. immigration system for migrant children who are coming to our borders with surging frequency. They come, often unaccompanied by an adult, in search of safety, stability, and protection. These children face a system that was created for adults, does not provide them legal counsel, and is not required to consider the child’s best interests, despite the potentially enormous impact of the proceedings on the child’s life and future.
Help non-profits determine how to use technology to support their mission and develop a practical plan to implement solutions.
PC/Network Support 45% o $25,000 - $100,000
This document summarizes an article that argues liberal democracy cannot survive without a shared moral virtue. It discusses how liberal democracy values individual freedom and neutrality, but these values can contradict and lead to self-destruction if not balanced with virtue. It also discusses how excessive focus on subjective desires over external moral standards can create an illusion of freedom, as seen in Brave New World, where people's desires are engineered and they do not realize their lack of true freedom. Overall, it argues a shared moral virtue is needed to sustain liberal democracy and prevent an illusion of freedom.
Jackie Allred has been working towards her Bachelor's degree in History for 30 years while working full time and raising her two adopted children, Marissa and Alex. Her research paper focuses on understanding Marissa's emotional struggles with being adopted after Marissa found and contacted her birth parents. Through research on adoption forums and literature, Allred has come to understand that the experience of adoption affects all parties in complex ways, but the adopted child often reacts most strongly, though reactions vary significantly between individuals. Her goal is to help Marissa by gaining insight into the perspectives of adopted children and birth mothers.
Adoptive Families magazine has served adoptive families for over 30 years by providing authoritative parenting information. Each issue contains personal stories and advice from adoption professionals and parents. Readers consider the magazine a supportive community that understands their unique experiences. The magazine covers topics of interest to adoptive families like bonding, transracial adoption, and talking to children about adoption.
This document outlines the changing views that adopted children have about their adoption and birth families at different stages of development. Infants are focused on attachment to their caregivers, children ages 1-5 may begin to have questions about why they were adopted, children ages 6-12 start to understand adoption is permanent and different than birth family relationships, teenagers ages 13-15 often grapple with identity issues related to adoption, and older teenagers ages 16-19 are figuring out how to integrate their adoption into independent adulthood.
This document provides recommendations for videos, films, and websites to learn about alternative perspectives on life that have been suppressed. It suggests searching YouTube for specific documentaries and comedians to find information on secret powers that control societies and keep people divided and fearful. The purpose is to invite people to consciously play the game of life and join others worldwide in waking up to these suppressed truths, regardless of background or beliefs. Nothing can overcome the power of love, and the more joyful and aware people become, the more powerful the "group consciousness."
This leaflet aims to gently inform people of an alternative perspective on life that has been kept secret. It discusses how we are all participating in a fascinating game, whether knowingly or not, and that some groups have kept the true rules of this game hidden. It provides recommendations for films, documentaries, websites and books that may help readers explore this perspective without trying to convince them of anything. The overall message is an invitation for people to play this game more consciously and join others in awakening.
Navigating Complicated Estate Planning Issues with a Group Legal PlanAnn McDonald
The document discusses several complex issues that should be considered in modern estate planning, including virtual properties, blended families, and pet trusts. It notes that estate planning now requires expert legal guidance due to complicated relationships and digital assets. Group legal plans make it possible for people of all income levels to access an attorney to navigate these complex issues. The document provides examples of how virtual properties, blended families, and pet trusts need special consideration in estate planning documents like wills and trusts.
A special needs child may have physical or emotional disabilities or behavioral disorders, and these issues can amplify the stress of the divorce and custody decisions. This ebook takes a look at the particular area of family law dealing with special needs children.
Learn more http://www.plantasatinlaw.com/family-law/special-needs-children/
HarborOne Credit Union received national awards in 2010 for its MultiCultural Banking Center, including being named Credit Union of the Year. The Center is having a positive impact on individuals and the community by providing classes and services. HarborOne encourages people to call or visit their location to learn more about the programs and services offered through the MultiCultural Banking Center.
What Happens in a Divorce With a Prenup vs. Without a Prenup?Cory Wall
Know more about what happens in a divorce with a prenup vs. without a prenup
https://walllegalsolutions.com/what-happens-in-a-divorce-with-a-prenup-vs-without-a-prenup/
The document discusses the perspective of a person who was adopted through a closed adoption as a child. It provides three examples from the document:
1) The person was adopted at 1.5 years old and their adoption records were closed, providing no medical history for themselves or their adoptive parents.
2) A story is described where a boy who was adopted in a closed adoption committed a crime, and medical testing later found he had a genetic condition his birth mother had that was not known due to the closed adoption.
3) Several articles are summarized that discuss issues closed adoptions can cause for medical history, the emotions of birth mothers, and adoptees searching for their birth families.
The document discusses issues related to grandparents raising grandchildren in Utah. It provides national statistics showing that millions of children live with grandparents as caregivers. In Utah, the most common reason for this is parental methamphetamine abuse. The document outlines various legal issues around custody, visitation, medical consent and school enrollment. It also describes the different kinship care options in Utah and eligibility requirements for associated public benefits and services. Resources for grandparents raising grandchildren are provided.
The Catholic Charities began conducting paid search and reunion services back in the late 80\\’s early 90\\’s. Because of the new service they were providing,they also needed new specialized training for those who worked for them,to inform them how to conduct such services for the paying few.This file is a copy of the handbook provided to the Social Workers in training to become a certified intermediary for their searching adoption clients.
This document summarizes legal issues facing LGBTQ individuals and families. It discusses barriers LGBTQ families face such as lack of legal ties between parents and children. It outlines states that allow same-sex marriage and civil unions versus states that ban them. It also summarizes the federal Defense of Marriage Act and legal challenges to it. Additionally, it discusses how LGBTQ families are formed through adoption, surrogacy or artificial insemination and legal documents that can help protect LGBTQ families.
This document provides information on open adoption and discusses the potential pros and cons of open, semi-open, and confidential adoptions for birth parents, adoptive parents, and adopted children. It notes that no single type of adoption is best for every family and that the needs of each family may change over time. Resources for further information on open adoption are also listed, including books, websites, and options for speaking with counselors or other adoptive parents.
The document discusses peer-to-peer networking and connections. It provides examples of different types of peer-to-peer connections that can exist at different levels, with different focuses, timescales, goals, and modes of communication. These include connections between directors, trainers, supervisors, frontline workers and across topics like differential response, mental health systems, and more. The document advocates for revising policies and procedures to better accommodate modern peer-to-peer connections through means like phone calls, video conferences, listservs, blogs and online communities.
Description of the Toby Center located in Boynton Beach, FL which is a non-profit organization providing supervised visitation mediation as well as counseling and psychological evaluations
This document provides an overview of legal issues related to domestic violence and child custody. It discusses how custody and visitation processes can further abuse by allowing batterers to maintain control over victims. The document notes that courts must consider how domestic violence impacts custody arrangements and prioritize child safety over other goals. It also aims to dispel common myths about domestic violence, such as that it is easy for victims to leave their abusers or stop the abuse. The document contains resources on domestic violence and custody laws in different states.
Ethnic Identity and Interracial Adoption_Final PaperCorrina Wang
1) The document discusses the challenges of ethnic identity development for transracial adoptees, who are adopted by parents of a different race. It notes that while adoption provides children a stable home, transracial adoptees face unique challenges in developing their ethnic identity.
2) It examines how a "color-blind" approach to parenting that disconnects children from their ethnicity can negatively impact their identity development. The development of secure parent-child attachments is also discussed as important for children's well-being and resilience.
3) Limited or inaccurate information about children's pre-adoption lives and medical histories poses challenges and risks for transracial adoptees' development and decision-making as adults.
CGRS and Kids in Need of Defense (KIND) have collaborated to produce an important report urging lawmakers to reform the U.S. immigration system for migrant children who are coming to our borders with surging frequency. They come, often unaccompanied by an adult, in search of safety, stability, and protection. These children face a system that was created for adults, does not provide them legal counsel, and is not required to consider the child’s best interests, despite the potentially enormous impact of the proceedings on the child’s life and future.
Help non-profits determine how to use technology to support their mission and develop a practical plan to implement solutions.
PC/Network Support 45% o $25,000 - $100,000
This document summarizes an article that argues liberal democracy cannot survive without a shared moral virtue. It discusses how liberal democracy values individual freedom and neutrality, but these values can contradict and lead to self-destruction if not balanced with virtue. It also discusses how excessive focus on subjective desires over external moral standards can create an illusion of freedom, as seen in Brave New World, where people's desires are engineered and they do not realize their lack of true freedom. Overall, it argues a shared moral virtue is needed to sustain liberal democracy and prevent an illusion of freedom.
Jackie Allred has been working towards her Bachelor's degree in History for 30 years while working full time and raising her two adopted children, Marissa and Alex. Her research paper focuses on understanding Marissa's emotional struggles with being adopted after Marissa found and contacted her birth parents. Through research on adoption forums and literature, Allred has come to understand that the experience of adoption affects all parties in complex ways, but the adopted child often reacts most strongly, though reactions vary significantly between individuals. Her goal is to help Marissa by gaining insight into the perspectives of adopted children and birth mothers.
Adoptive Families magazine has served adoptive families for over 30 years by providing authoritative parenting information. Each issue contains personal stories and advice from adoption professionals and parents. Readers consider the magazine a supportive community that understands their unique experiences. The magazine covers topics of interest to adoptive families like bonding, transracial adoption, and talking to children about adoption.
This document outlines the changing views that adopted children have about their adoption and birth families at different stages of development. Infants are focused on attachment to their caregivers, children ages 1-5 may begin to have questions about why they were adopted, children ages 6-12 start to understand adoption is permanent and different than birth family relationships, teenagers ages 13-15 often grapple with identity issues related to adoption, and older teenagers ages 16-19 are figuring out how to integrate their adoption into independent adulthood.
This document provides recommendations for videos, films, and websites to learn about alternative perspectives on life that have been suppressed. It suggests searching YouTube for specific documentaries and comedians to find information on secret powers that control societies and keep people divided and fearful. The purpose is to invite people to consciously play the game of life and join others worldwide in waking up to these suppressed truths, regardless of background or beliefs. Nothing can overcome the power of love, and the more joyful and aware people become, the more powerful the "group consciousness."
This leaflet aims to gently inform people of an alternative perspective on life that has been kept secret. It discusses how we are all participating in a fascinating game, whether knowingly or not, and that some groups have kept the true rules of this game hidden. It provides recommendations for films, documentaries, websites and books that may help readers explore this perspective without trying to convince them of anything. The overall message is an invitation for people to play this game more consciously and join others in awakening.
Navigating Complicated Estate Planning Issues with a Group Legal PlanAnn McDonald
The document discusses several complex issues that should be considered in modern estate planning, including virtual properties, blended families, and pet trusts. It notes that estate planning now requires expert legal guidance due to complicated relationships and digital assets. Group legal plans make it possible for people of all income levels to access an attorney to navigate these complex issues. The document provides examples of how virtual properties, blended families, and pet trusts need special consideration in estate planning documents like wills and trusts.
A special needs child may have physical or emotional disabilities or behavioral disorders, and these issues can amplify the stress of the divorce and custody decisions. This ebook takes a look at the particular area of family law dealing with special needs children.
Learn more http://www.plantasatinlaw.com/family-law/special-needs-children/
HarborOne Credit Union received national awards in 2010 for its MultiCultural Banking Center, including being named Credit Union of the Year. The Center is having a positive impact on individuals and the community by providing classes and services. HarborOne encourages people to call or visit their location to learn more about the programs and services offered through the MultiCultural Banking Center.
What Happens in a Divorce With a Prenup vs. Without a Prenup?Cory Wall
Know more about what happens in a divorce with a prenup vs. without a prenup
https://walllegalsolutions.com/what-happens-in-a-divorce-with-a-prenup-vs-without-a-prenup/
1. Divorce involves legal issues regarding child custody, child support, alimony, and property division that can have devastating effects if not properly addressed. It is important to consult a personal attorney to assist with these matters.
2. Most divorces are non-contested, where both parties agree to divorce terms through a marital agreement. Mediation helps develop agreements that are acceptable to both parties.
3. Courts determine child custody and visitation based on the best interests of children, considering factors like parental character and children's preferences. Courts also determine child support amounts using state guidelines.
This document discusses issues that stepfamily members consider when contemplating stepchild adoption. It summarizes a study that interviewed 32 adults and 22 children from 16 stepfamilies. The study explored factors stepparents consider regarding adoption and stepfamily members' motivations for adoption. Common reasons for pursuing adoption included desires to be a "regular" family by severing ties to the nonresidential parent, to legitimize roles and relationships through a legal bond, and to avoid stigma associated with stepfamily labels. How much adoption was discussed depended on involvement of the nonresidential parent. The implications for policies regarding options to strengthen stepparent-child bonds are also examined.
The document discusses the legal rights of divorced and unmarried fathers to their children, including the right to claim paternity, provide financial support, maintain an ongoing relationship through communication and visits, spend regular time with their children according to a visitation schedule, make shared decisions about important issues like education and health with the child's mother, and in some states be granted joint child custody if both parents were equally involved before the divorce. It encourages fathers to financially support their children and work together peacefully with the mother regarding decisions.
When parents separate, whether legally married or not, the question arises аѕ towhat will hарреn tothe child or children resulting fromthat relationship. How will their immеdiаtе аnd future nееdѕ bе met, nоt оnlу physically, but psychologically, emotionally, mentally аnd financially аѕ well.
After separation or divorce, parents can agree privately on the type and amount of child support to be paid from one parent to the other. If they cannot agree, a parent can apply to the Child Support Agency to determine support. The Agency uses a formula based on factors like income, number of children, and time spent with each parent. A notice will then inform the parents of the monthly payment amount and their rights. The Child Support Act is complex, so seeking legal advice is recommended if there are issues with payments or variations from the standard formula.
How Do Out-of-State Custody Agreements Work?Cory Wall
Are you looking for an experienced attorney to handle your out-of-state custody agreement? If so, contact the attorneys at Wall & Wall Attorneys at Law, P.C., in Salt Lake City, UT today.
https://walllegalsolutions.com/edu/how-out-of-state-custody-agreements-work/
This document discusses strategies for minimizing inheritance disputes through estate planning. It recommends: 1) listing personal property gifts separately to avoid conflicts; 2) regularly updating plans for changed circumstances like divorce; 3) involving family in discussions for special assets like businesses or vacation homes; 4) using prenuptial agreements for second marriages to define entitlements; and 5) properly funding trusts to avoid confusion and carry out intentions. The goal is to make defensible choices transparently to satisfy emotional needs as well as practical requirements.
Estate Planning Basics For Families With Young Children HayesLaw
Problems often arise when a parent with minor children passes away with no estate plan in place, leaving behind potential hardship on the emotional and financial future of their minor children.
This document provides information about parenting, de facto relationships, and estate planning from the law firm DTL. It discusses who is considered a legal parent under the law, including donors using assisted reproductive technology. It also outlines what constitutes a de facto relationship and factors considered by courts, and covers property division for de facto couples. Finally, it discusses wills, powers of attorney, guardianship, and evidencing relationships to properly manage finances and medical decisions.
Perhaps the most important, and often the most difficult task in settling a divorce is creating a parenting agreement. A parental agreement is a document that sets forth the guidelines for each parent’s involvement with the child’s upbringing.
Termination of Parental Rights in Tennessee - Part1Stan Bennett
Although most people are not aware of it, the relationship between a parent and a child is more than an emotional bond or a practical commitment, in the eyes of the law it is also a legal relationship that comes with duties and responsibilities. Learn more about termination of parental rights in Tennessee in this presentation.
As a father, if you are going through a difficult separation or divorce and contentious child custody battle, or if you are unmarried and need to establish paternity, you need to seek legal representation from an experienced fathers’ rights attorney to safeguard your fathers’ rights and help you navigate Utah's family courts.
https://wasatchdefenselawyers.com/fathers-rights-divorce-attorney-in-utah/
This document summarizes key points about recognizing issues with the psychiatric diagnosis and treatment of children. It notes that children are often selected for having "unacceptable" behavior and this leads inevitably to diagnosis and treatment. Treatment usually means prescription drugs, but these drugs like Ritalin are actually dangerous stimulants with many adverse side effects. The document argues that psychiatric diagnoses are not valid and the drugs do not truly help children but rather make them more obedient. It warns parents to recognize the oppression of "adultism" and be wary of those who emphasize a child's "potential" over who they are.
This document provides information for jurors about their rights and responsibilities. It emphasizes that jurors have the power to vote "not guilty" for any reason and cannot be punished for their verdict. It encourages jurors to exercise independent judgment and reminds them that they are above the law when deciding a case. The document seeks to educate jurors that they have an important role in holding the government accountable and protecting citizens' liberties.
This document provides poverty income guidelines for 2009 based on household size and income thresholds for various assistance programs. It lists the poverty levels for households ranging from 1 to 8 persons. Several federal and state programs then use percentages of the poverty level for eligibility, such as 130% for free school meals and below 185% for WIC. Sources are provided for the income guidelines and thresholds for different food, education, legal, and Minnesota assistance programs.
The document provides guidance for parents on how to respond if their child is being selected for psychiatric treatment and medication. It advises parents to recognize that their child is being labeled as having a disorder based on subjective judgments of their behavior not matching institutional standards. It warns that a diagnosis inevitably leads to treatment with psychoactive drugs that are dangerous and do not actually help children. The document encourages parents to remember the true nature of children, focus on relaxation instead of urgency, and view their child with delight rather than judgment.
This document discusses the history of adoption from antiquity to modern times. It describes how adoption practices have evolved over the centuries from emphasizing the interests of the adopter to focusing on family creation and the best interests of the child. Key points include that ancient civilizations like Rome and India used adoption to ensure cultural continuity, abandoned children in antiquity were often slaves, and the modern concept of adoption emerged in the 19th century United States as a way to find homes for orphaned children.
The document discusses the importance of humility over pride and self-promotion. It notes that God expects people to walk humbly with Him according to Micah 6:8. It uses King David as an example of humility, as he humbly accepted unjust criticism without defending himself according to Psalm 51:17 and 2 Samuel 16:5-14. Finally, it encourages embracing humility over pride and seeing equality in all people at the cross.
This document discusses the importance of kindness as revealed in Micah 6:8. It uses the biblical story of Joseph and his brothers as an example of amazing kindness, as Joseph forgave his brothers who had mistreated him and showed them mercy instead of revenge. The document encourages practicing kindness by following Joseph's example of not seeking revenge even when wronged, acknowledging God's sovereignty, and having room in one's heart for kindness once free from bitterness. It concludes by suggesting three practical lessons to learn from Joseph: not putting oneself in God's place, acknowledging God's hand in all things loosens bitterness, and freedom from revenge and bitterness allows for kindness.
This document discusses the rewards of living a life of integrity and obedience through the example of Daniel. It summarizes that Daniel served as a model of integrity during a time of corruption in Babylon. It outlines six rewards that accompany a life of integrity: developing exemplary character; a clear conscience; intimacy with God; leaving a legacy; mentoring others; and finishing well. The document encourages readers to become people of integrity in their own generation, as Daniel was in his.
This document is a calendar for the year 2009. It lists the months of the year from January to December across the top. Each month is divided into four weeks and shows the days of the week and dates for that month. The calendar provides an at-a-glance view of the year and allows the user to see the days, weeks, and months.
The document provides an outline and study guide for a presentation about Gladney Center for Adoption. It includes background information about Gladney's history and services. It also discusses current adoption and teen pregnancy statistics in the US. The presentation outline then provides sample questions to ask an audience about adoption and teen pregnancy scenarios, to help educate others about adoption and Gladney's services.
This document contains quotes and passages related to babies, adoption, Christmas, families, and general inspirational messages. Many of the quotes reference God's love and gifts, the wonder and blessings of children, and finding joy through faith and family. Overall, the document provides a collection of short inspirational sayings about life's precious moments.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document provides a 10-point "De-Stress Kit" for coping with stress during changing times. It suggests practices like communicating with others, reopening your heart through kindness, practicing gratitude, reducing drama, managing news consumption, prayer/meditation, heart-focused breathing, sleep, exercise, and reducing comparisons to the past. The overall message is that implementing simple stress-reducing activities can help offset stress, restore emotional balance, and increase one's ability to cope effectively during challenging periods.
This document discusses the history of adoptee rights in Texas and the Gladney Center's opposition to restoring those rights. It summarizes that:
1) The Gladney Center historically advocated for adoption but began fighting against restoring access to birth records for adult adoptees in 1973 and establishing a national organization to oppose a model act granting those rights.
2) In the 2000s, the Gladney Center was increasingly isolated as the only agency opposing legislation granting adoptees equal rights and access to their original birth certificates.
3) Several leading national adoption organizations are now listed that support adoptee rights and access to records, in contrast to the Gladney Center's continuing opposition to such legislation.
More from Birth Mom Missions/ Liberty Dallas/ Girls4RonPaul (19)
As we navigate through the ebbs and flows of life, it is natural to experience moments of low motivation and dwindling passion for our goals.
However, it is important to remember that this is a common hurdle that can be overcome with the right strategies in place.
In this guide, we will explore ways to rekindle the fire within you and stay motivated towards your aspirations.
ProSocial Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Procrastination is a common challenge that many individuals face when it comes to completing tasks and achieving goals. It can hinder productivity and lead to feelings of stress and frustration.
However, with the right strategies and mindset, it is possible to overcome procrastination and increase productivity.
In this article, we will explore the causes of procrastination, how to recognize the signs of procrastination in oneself, and effective strategies for overcoming procrastination and boosting productivity.
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Cooperative 001
1. State
StatuteS
Current Through
August 2008
Postadoption
Contact Agreements
Between Birth and
Adoptive Families
Electronic copies of this publication
may be downloaded at
www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/
Postadoption contact agreements are arrangements
laws_policies/statutes/cooperative.
that allow for some kind of contact between a child’s
cfm
adoptive family and members of the child’s birth
family or other persons with whom the child has an To find statute information for a
established relationship, such as a foster parent, particular State, go to
after the child’s adoption has been finalized. These www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/
arrangements, sometimes referred to as cooperative laws_policies/state/index.cfm
adoption or open adoption agreements, can range
from informal, mutual understandings between To find information on all the
States and territories, order a copy
the birth and adoptive families to written, formal
of the full-length PDF by calling
contracts.
800.394.3366 or 703.385.7565, or
Agreements for postadoption contact or download it at
communication have become more prevalent in www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/
recent years, due to several factors: laws_policies/statutes/cooperativeall.
pdf
Child Welfare Information Gateway
Children’s Bureau/ACYF
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 1250 Maryland Avenue, SW
Eighth Floor
Administration for Children and Families
Washington, DC 20024
Administration on Children, Youth and Families 703.385.7565 or 800.394.3366
Children’s Bureau Email: info@childwelfare.gov
www.childwelfare.gov
2. Postadoption Contact Agreements Between Birth and Adoptive Families www.childwelfare.gov
• There is wider recognition of the rights of birth parents to
make choices for their children.
• Many adoptions involve older children, such as stepchildren
and children adopted from foster care; these children
frequently have attachments to one or more birth relatives
with whom ongoing contact may be desirable and beneficial.
• Birth parents who participate in selecting the adoptive family
may have a wide range of adoptive parent choices available
and may base their selection on the willingness of the
adoptive parent(s) to allow postadoption contact.
• Contact or communication with birth relatives can be a
resource to adoptive parents for information about their
child’s medical, social, and cultural history.1
In general, State law does not prohibit postadoption contact or
States With communication. Since adoptive parents have the right to decide
who may have contact with their adopted child, they can allow
Enforceable any amount of contact with birth family members, and such
Contact contacts often are arranged by mutual understanding without
any formal agreement.
Agreements
A written contractual agreement between the parties to an
adoption can clarify the type and frequency of the contact or
communication and can provide a way for the agreement to
be legally enforced. Approximately 23 States currently have
statutes that allow written and enforceable contact agreements.2
The written agreements specify the type and frequency of
contact and are signed by the parties to an adoption prior to
finalization.3
1
For more information on the issue of postadoption contact, see the Information
Gateway publications Openness in Adoption: A Bulletin for Professionals, available online
at www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/f_openadoptbulletin.cfm, and Openness in Adoption: A
Factsheet for Families, at www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/f_openadopt.cfm.
2
The word approximately is used to stress the fact that States frequently amend
their laws; this information is current only through August 2008. The States that permit
enforceable contracts include Alaska, Arizona, California, Connecticut, Florida, Indiana
(for children over age 2), Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Montana,
Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode
Island, Texas, Vermont (stepparent adoptions only), Washington, and West Virginia.
3
The phrase “parties to an adoption” generally refers to the birth parents (or other
person placing the child for adoption) and the adoptive parents, although it may include
the adoptive child under the laws of some States.
This material may be freely reproduced and distributed. However, when doing so, please credit Child Welfare Information
2
Gateway. Available online at www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/laws_policies/statutes/cooperative.cfm
3. Postadoption Contact Agreements Between Birth and Adoptive Families www.childwelfare.gov
The modes of contact can range from an exchange of
information about the child between adoptive and birth parents
to the exchange of cards, letters, and photos to personal visits
with the child by birth family members.
In most States that permit enforceable agreements, an
Who May Be agreement for adoption with contact is permitted for any
adoptive child as long as the nature and frequency of contact
a Party to an is deemed by the court to be in the child’s best interests and
Agreement? designed to protect the safety of the child and the rights
of all the parties to the agreement. Some States limit the
enforceability of such agreements based on such factors as the
type of adoption, the age of the adoptive child, or the nature
of the contact. For example, Connecticut and Nebraska limit
agreements to children who have been adopted from foster
care. Indiana limits enforceable contact agreements to children
ages 2 and older. For children under age 2, nonenforceable
agreements are permitted as long as the type of contact does
not include visitation.
Most statutes permit postadoption contact or communication for
birth parents. Some States also allow other birth relatives who
have significant emotional ties to the child to be included in the
agreement, including grandparents, aunts, uncles, or siblings.
Minnesota permits former foster parents to petition for contact
privileges. In California, Minnesota, and Oklahoma, when the
case involves an Indian child, members of the child’s Tribe are
included among the eligible birth relatives. California, Florida,
Indiana, Louisiana, and Maryland have provisions for sibling
participation in an agreement.
For the agreements to be enforceable, they must be approved
The Court’s by the court that has jurisdiction over the adoption. Generally,
all parties wishing to be included in the agreements must
Role in agree in writing to all terms of the agreement prior to the
Establishing adoption finalization. The court may approve the agreement
only if all parties agree on its provisions, and the court finds the
and Enforcing agreement is in the best interests of the child. In Arizona and
Louisiana, the court must obtain and consider the wishes of
Agreements
This material may be freely reproduced and distributed. However, when doing so, please credit Child Welfare Information
3
Gateway. Available online at www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/laws_policies/statutes/cooperative.cfm
4. Postadoption Contact Agreements Between Birth and Adoptive Families www.childwelfare.gov
the child if he or she is age 12 or older. Five States require the
written consent of the child who is age 12 or older.4
Disputes over compliance and requests for modification of the
terms also must be brought before the court. Any party to the
agreement may petition the court to modify, order compliance
with, or void the agreement. The court may do so only if the
parties agree or circumstances have changed, and the action is
determined to be in the best interests of the child.
Nine States require the parties to participate in mediation before
When Do States petitions for enforcement or modification of an agreement are
brought before the court.5 New Hampshire law provides for
Use Mediation? postadoption contact agreements to be negotiated through a
voluntary court-approved mediation program. In Florida and
Maryland, the court, at its discretion, may refer the parties to
mediation. In Massachusetts, any party seeking to enforce an
agreement may voluntarily choose mediation. In no case can
disputes over the postadoption agreement be used as grounds
for setting aside an adoption or relinquishment of parental
rights.
In most States without enforceable agreements, the statutes
Laws in States are silent about the issue of postadoption contact or
communication. Approximately six other States address the
Without issue but do not provide for enforceable agreements:
Enforceable • North Carolina’s statute, while providing that such
Agreements agreements may be entered into by a person giving adoption
consent and a prospective adoptive parent, specifically states
that contracts are not enforceable and cannot be a condition
for consent to the adoption.
• Ohio, South Carolina, and South Dakota specifically state
that mutual agreements for contact are nonbinding and
nonenforceable.
4
California, Connecticut, Indiana, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island.
5
Arizona, California, Connecticut, Louisiana, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Oklahoma,
Oregon, and Texas.
This material may be freely reproduced and distributed. However, when doing so, please credit Child Welfare Information
4
Gateway. Available online at www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/laws_policies/statutes/cooperative.cfm
5. Postadoption Contact Agreements Between Birth and Adoptive Families www.childwelfare.gov
• Missouri and Tennessee leave decisions about contact and
visitation with birth relatives to the sole discretion of the
adoptive parents.
This publication is a product of the State Statutes Series
prepared by Child Welfare Information Gateway in
cooperation with the National Center for Adoption Law
and Policy. While every attempt has been made to be as
complete as possible, additional information on these topics
may be in other sections of a State’s code as well as agency
regulations, case law, and informal practices and procedures.
This material may be freely reproduced and distributed. However, when doing so, please credit Child Welfare Information
5
Gateway. Available online at www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/laws_policies/statutes/cooperative.cfm