This document discusses how globalization and advances in networking technologies have impacted labor markets in Central and Eastern European countries. It describes how core economic regions benefit most from outsourcing and offshoring certain business functions to peripheral and semi-peripheral areas due to lower costs and transaction fees. Examples are given of companies that outsource customer service, software development and consulting work to countries like Estonia, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Romania, Czech Republic and Slovakia to take advantage of skilled labor pools and reduced expenses. Maintaining high-performance networks is important for minimizing transaction costs and maximizing the benefits of global outsourcing models.
by Sako Musterd (October, 2009), Urban Geography University of Amsterdam
ACRE = Accommodating Creative Knowledge: Competitiveness of European Metropolitan Regions within the Enlarged Union
Paper presented at Code Acts in Education, an ESRC seminar at the University of Stirling, January 28th 2014, http://codeactsineducation.wordpress.com/seminars/
This slide set examines the contention that opening data is an inherently good thing - that the case for open data is an open and shut case. It sets out a contrary view that whilst open data is desirable, much more critical thinking is required as to what this means in practice and the possible negative implications of opening data, and calls for a wider debate about the relative merits and politics of open data and how we go about opening data.
Bridging the digital divide – access. content and skills.Nirvesh Sooful
A briefing note on Interactive Comminity Network Nodes. An exciting new project that we are embarking upon with the Western Cape Government aimed at getting mass adoption of digital services in poor communities.
The objective of this project is to utilise ICT to assist local government in South Africa with improving its service delivery. A key component of this system is an e-procurement solution aimed at reducing corruption in South Africa.
by Sako Musterd (October, 2009), Urban Geography University of Amsterdam
ACRE = Accommodating Creative Knowledge: Competitiveness of European Metropolitan Regions within the Enlarged Union
Paper presented at Code Acts in Education, an ESRC seminar at the University of Stirling, January 28th 2014, http://codeactsineducation.wordpress.com/seminars/
This slide set examines the contention that opening data is an inherently good thing - that the case for open data is an open and shut case. It sets out a contrary view that whilst open data is desirable, much more critical thinking is required as to what this means in practice and the possible negative implications of opening data, and calls for a wider debate about the relative merits and politics of open data and how we go about opening data.
Bridging the digital divide – access. content and skills.Nirvesh Sooful
A briefing note on Interactive Comminity Network Nodes. An exciting new project that we are embarking upon with the Western Cape Government aimed at getting mass adoption of digital services in poor communities.
The objective of this project is to utilise ICT to assist local government in South Africa with improving its service delivery. A key component of this system is an e-procurement solution aimed at reducing corruption in South Africa.
Best Practices in the Production of Learning NuggetsKnut Linke
Presentation from the Learntec, Karlsruhe, Germany (27.01.-29.01.2015), Session: Specials / Video Production
Content:
Best Practices and Lessons Learned of the university of applied science Weserbergland (Hochschule Weserbergland) in the sector of learning nuggets production.
MARKET SEGMENTATION IN SOCIAL NETWORKS THROUGH SOCIAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS (Dep...Knut Linke
MARKET SEGMENTATION IN SOCIAL NETWORKS THROUGH SOCIAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS
Topicality:
necessity to conduct an analysis of German social network users determined by the increasing complexity and market penetration of the Internet. These factors require modernising and extending existing market segmentation and customer group differentiation models.
Aim:
to perform an analysis of data randomly collected within the framework of the study to obtain a better understanding of Internet users and provide a more comprehensive basis for product development and research approaches. To divide social network users into groups and apply existing and established models of lifeworlds and milieus used in the study of societies. This should ensure a qualitative extension of the main model and available sub-models. The results of the study reveal significant differences among both the examined lifeworlds and social network users.
WBCSD Issue Brief: Information and communication technology – An enabler for ...fveglio
This issue brief produced by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) looks at the opportunities for information and communication technology (ICT) to facilitate and scale the private sector’s contribution to development. The short report presents a number of case studies across sectors and along the value chain that highlight the power of ICT-enabled solutions. It also highlights opportunities for and barriers to achieving further scale. WBCSD member companies featured include Accenture, Grundfos, IBM, ITC, Nokia, Novartis, Syngenta, TNT Express, and Vodafone.
INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN SINGLE WINDOWS AND OTHER EXISTING SYSTEMS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES_ UN CEFACT PRESENTATION - SINGLE WINDOW CONFERENCE 2016 MARRAKESH
Service oriented space-infrastructures_brown_university_2014_lisiMarco Lisi
My presentation "From Systems to Services: Creating a Service-oriented, Space-Based Infrastructure" during the Space Horizons 2014 Workshop at Brown University.
Clustering and networking activities are relationship-based activities that support sharing and developing of competences, knowledge and methods. The documents within the toolbox have a clear focus on activities in the area of technology transfer. Networking and clustering activities are critical leverages for all transfer activities presented in this toolbox, namely: opportunities identification, IP management, Human resources and focused value proposition.
www.FITT-for-Innovation.eu
My short course on the TICE methodology at the Master in Satellites and Orbiting Platforms, University of Rome, "La Spaienza", 31 March - 1 April 2016.
IoT, AI and Blockchain: Catalysts for Digital TransformationAhmed Banafa
The digital revolution has brought with it a new way of thinking about manufacturing and operations. Emerging challenges associated with logistics and energy costs are influencing global production and associated distribution decisions. Significant advances in technology, including big data and analytics, AI, Internet of Things, robotics and additive manufacturing, are shifting the capabilities and value proposition of global manufacturing. In response, manufacturing and operations require a digital renovation: the value chain must be redesigned and retooled and the workforce retrained. Total delivered cost must be analyzed to determine the best places to locate sources of supply, manufacturing and assembly operations around the world. In other words we need a digital transformation.
Digital technology is evolving rapidly, leading to the
emergence of new services and applications that
are transforming the way people live, work, play and
communicate. Beyond basic web browsing, which
revolutionised the way people accessed and shared
information in the 1990s, the emerging digital
era is based on the interconnection of multiple
devices over intelligent networks, enabling users to
seamlessly interact with a variety of interoperable
services. The large-scale societal adoption and
utilisation of digital technologies is a key driver
of measurable economic, social and cultural
value, including increased productivity, a rise in
employment rates, improved security, and greater
capacity to tackle social and environmental issues.
A novel soa for e city with the increase of citizens participation approachZac Darcy
In today's world the amazing development of IT caused more attention of governments and businesses to take advantage of it. In the meantime Cities have action to create electronic city, using IT and according to the needs of city managers to new ideas for managing the City and maximum participation of citizens in municipal affairs. For the success of e-city In addition to providing the necessary infrastructures and secure environment for data exchange citizens participation and interaction with government and private agencies should be considered. Because one of the factor keys to success in electronic city is people attention and their use of electronic city's services. Service oriented architecture is an appropriate approach to increase citizens’ participation in municipal affairs with an increased interoperability between different organizations and integration between inter-organizational systems. In this paper, we’ve offered a new architecture, studying electronic city layers and focusing on the benefits of service-oriented architecture, to increase participation of citizens’ in electronic city systems and Creating of a Secure environment to provide accurate information and efficient services to users.
A NOVEL SOA FOR E-CITY WITH THE INCREASE OF CITIZENS PARTICIPATION APPROACHZac Darcy
In today's world the amazing development of IT caused more attention of governments and businesses to
take advantage of it. In the meantime Cities have action to create electronic city, using IT and according to
the needs of city managers to new ideas for managing the City and maximum participation of citizens in
municipal affairs. For the success of e-city In addition to providing the necessary infrastructures and
secure environment for data exchange citizens participation and interaction with government and private
agencies should be considered. Because one of the factor keys to success in electronic city is people
attention and their use of electronic city's services. Service oriented architecture is an appropriate
approach to increase citizens’ participation in municipal affairs with an increased interoperability between
different organizations and integration between inter-organizational systems. In this paper, we’ve offered a
new architecture, studying electronic city layers and focusing on the benefits of service-oriented
architecture, to increase participation of citizens’ in electronic city systems and Creating of a Secure
environment to provide accurate information and efficient services to users.
Best Practices in the Production of Learning NuggetsKnut Linke
Presentation from the Learntec, Karlsruhe, Germany (27.01.-29.01.2015), Session: Specials / Video Production
Content:
Best Practices and Lessons Learned of the university of applied science Weserbergland (Hochschule Weserbergland) in the sector of learning nuggets production.
MARKET SEGMENTATION IN SOCIAL NETWORKS THROUGH SOCIAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS (Dep...Knut Linke
MARKET SEGMENTATION IN SOCIAL NETWORKS THROUGH SOCIAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS
Topicality:
necessity to conduct an analysis of German social network users determined by the increasing complexity and market penetration of the Internet. These factors require modernising and extending existing market segmentation and customer group differentiation models.
Aim:
to perform an analysis of data randomly collected within the framework of the study to obtain a better understanding of Internet users and provide a more comprehensive basis for product development and research approaches. To divide social network users into groups and apply existing and established models of lifeworlds and milieus used in the study of societies. This should ensure a qualitative extension of the main model and available sub-models. The results of the study reveal significant differences among both the examined lifeworlds and social network users.
WBCSD Issue Brief: Information and communication technology – An enabler for ...fveglio
This issue brief produced by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) looks at the opportunities for information and communication technology (ICT) to facilitate and scale the private sector’s contribution to development. The short report presents a number of case studies across sectors and along the value chain that highlight the power of ICT-enabled solutions. It also highlights opportunities for and barriers to achieving further scale. WBCSD member companies featured include Accenture, Grundfos, IBM, ITC, Nokia, Novartis, Syngenta, TNT Express, and Vodafone.
INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN SINGLE WINDOWS AND OTHER EXISTING SYSTEMS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES_ UN CEFACT PRESENTATION - SINGLE WINDOW CONFERENCE 2016 MARRAKESH
Service oriented space-infrastructures_brown_university_2014_lisiMarco Lisi
My presentation "From Systems to Services: Creating a Service-oriented, Space-Based Infrastructure" during the Space Horizons 2014 Workshop at Brown University.
Clustering and networking activities are relationship-based activities that support sharing and developing of competences, knowledge and methods. The documents within the toolbox have a clear focus on activities in the area of technology transfer. Networking and clustering activities are critical leverages for all transfer activities presented in this toolbox, namely: opportunities identification, IP management, Human resources and focused value proposition.
www.FITT-for-Innovation.eu
My short course on the TICE methodology at the Master in Satellites and Orbiting Platforms, University of Rome, "La Spaienza", 31 March - 1 April 2016.
IoT, AI and Blockchain: Catalysts for Digital TransformationAhmed Banafa
The digital revolution has brought with it a new way of thinking about manufacturing and operations. Emerging challenges associated with logistics and energy costs are influencing global production and associated distribution decisions. Significant advances in technology, including big data and analytics, AI, Internet of Things, robotics and additive manufacturing, are shifting the capabilities and value proposition of global manufacturing. In response, manufacturing and operations require a digital renovation: the value chain must be redesigned and retooled and the workforce retrained. Total delivered cost must be analyzed to determine the best places to locate sources of supply, manufacturing and assembly operations around the world. In other words we need a digital transformation.
Digital technology is evolving rapidly, leading to the
emergence of new services and applications that
are transforming the way people live, work, play and
communicate. Beyond basic web browsing, which
revolutionised the way people accessed and shared
information in the 1990s, the emerging digital
era is based on the interconnection of multiple
devices over intelligent networks, enabling users to
seamlessly interact with a variety of interoperable
services. The large-scale societal adoption and
utilisation of digital technologies is a key driver
of measurable economic, social and cultural
value, including increased productivity, a rise in
employment rates, improved security, and greater
capacity to tackle social and environmental issues.
A novel soa for e city with the increase of citizens participation approachZac Darcy
In today's world the amazing development of IT caused more attention of governments and businesses to take advantage of it. In the meantime Cities have action to create electronic city, using IT and according to the needs of city managers to new ideas for managing the City and maximum participation of citizens in municipal affairs. For the success of e-city In addition to providing the necessary infrastructures and secure environment for data exchange citizens participation and interaction with government and private agencies should be considered. Because one of the factor keys to success in electronic city is people attention and their use of electronic city's services. Service oriented architecture is an appropriate approach to increase citizens’ participation in municipal affairs with an increased interoperability between different organizations and integration between inter-organizational systems. In this paper, we’ve offered a new architecture, studying electronic city layers and focusing on the benefits of service-oriented architecture, to increase participation of citizens’ in electronic city systems and Creating of a Secure environment to provide accurate information and efficient services to users.
A NOVEL SOA FOR E-CITY WITH THE INCREASE OF CITIZENS PARTICIPATION APPROACHZac Darcy
In today's world the amazing development of IT caused more attention of governments and businesses to
take advantage of it. In the meantime Cities have action to create electronic city, using IT and according to
the needs of city managers to new ideas for managing the City and maximum participation of citizens in
municipal affairs. For the success of e-city In addition to providing the necessary infrastructures and
secure environment for data exchange citizens participation and interaction with government and private
agencies should be considered. Because one of the factor keys to success in electronic city is people
attention and their use of electronic city's services. Service oriented architecture is an appropriate
approach to increase citizens’ participation in municipal affairs with an increased interoperability between
different organizations and integration between inter-organizational systems. In this paper, we’ve offered a
new architecture, studying electronic city layers and focusing on the benefits of service-oriented
architecture, to increase participation of citizens’ in electronic city systems and Creating of a Secure
environment to provide accurate information and efficient services to users.
This is the Second webinar about a Megatris Comp ‘s IoT design method Here&Now.
The method has the scope to design contextual, liquid, intelligent and connected applications. This means to design software with a level of new cognitive artificial intelligence able to deploy applications that have a level of understanding depending on context; it learns from events and have some level of autonomy with respect to routine activities.
This is a presentation of our paper in ECIS 2012, on the Business Value of Interoperability, based on many thousands of questionnaires processing from eBusiness watch
Am 18.10.2023 findet unser nächster Online Marketing Stammtisch statt.
An diesem Abend haben wir Knut Linke als Speaker eingeladen. Hauptsächlich werden wir uns mit den Eigenarten von LLMs, Chat GPT & KI beschäftigen.
"Freut euch auf einen spannenden Vortrag von KNUT LINKE mit den Themen: ChatGPT, KI, LLM Konzept & vielen mehr..."
Auf Du mit ChatGPT & Co. – Wie funktioniert generative KI?
In diesem Vortrag von Knut Linke werden wir uns mit den Themen künstliche Intelligenz und generative KI beschäftigen.
Thematisiert werden Grundlagen zur Funktionsweise aktueller KI-Lösungen sowie Vorteile und Risiken für bestimmte Berufe und unsere Arbeitswelt.
Den Tag lassen wir mit einem entspannten Diskurs im Monopol ausklingen.
Gerne sind wir aber auch für sonstige Fragen jederzeit für euch da.
Wir freuen uns auf neue Gesichter einen gelungenen Abend mit spannenden Gesprächen, Austausch und leckerer Versorgung von dem Monopol in Hameln.
Zukunftstrends der Digitalisierung
Der dritte Kaminabend mit Frau Landrätin Nicole Rathgeber führt uns am
Mittwoch , 4. Oktober 2023, 18:00 – 21:00 Uhr
nach Hessisch Lichtenau.
Gemeinsam wollen wir mit Ihnen die aktuellen Trends der Digitalisierung diskutieren. Was bedeutet Künstliche Intelligenz für mein Unternehmen und mich persönlich? Was ist Web 3.0 oder Quantencomputing?
Im Alten Rathaus erwartet uns zu diesen Fragestellungen ein spannender Impuls von Herrn Prof. Dr. Knut Linke von der IU Internationale Hochschule.
Abgerundet wird der Abend durch ein Gin-Tasting mit den Hollebrüdern.
Wir freuen uns auf einen spannenden, leckeren und lockeren Abend mit Ihnen.
Veranstaltungsort:
Altes Rathaus – Ratskeller
Landgrafenstr. 17
37235 Hessisch Lichtenau
Grundlagen des Online Marketing 21062022.pdfKnut Linke
In Kooperation mit dem Handelsverband Niedersachsen Bremen möchten wir Einzelhandelsunternehmen praktische Tipps und Impulse zum Thema Grundlagen des Online Marketing geben.
Erfahren Sie in unserem Workshop, welche Instrumente Ihnen im Online Marketing zur Verfügung stehen. Unser Digitalisierungsexperte Dr. Knut Linke von dem Unternehmen linke.digital wird Ihnen zeigen, wie Sie Online Werbung einsetzen können. Wichtig ist dabei nicht nur die Auswahl der verschiedenen Plattformen, sondern auch die Berechnung von Kosten- und Leistung Ihrer Aktivitäten.
Der Workshop findet digital über die Videokonferenz-Software Zoom statt.
Melden Sie sich einfach für den spannenden und kostenlosen Workshop an - Sie erhalten rechtzeitig vor dem Workshop einen Zoom-Zugangslink für das Event.
IHK Präsentation 22.03.2022 - Digital aufgeLadenKnut Linke
In Kooperation mit der IHK für Ostfriesland und Papenburg möchten wir Einzelhandelsunternehmen praktische Tipps und Impulse zum Thema Zielgruppen und Content geben.
In diesem Workshop wird Dr. Knut Linke einen Einblick in die Erstellung von Inhalten auf Basis der eigenen Zielgruppe geben. Zusammen mit unserem Digitalisierungsexperten werden praktische Beispiele und Tipps für die eigene Umsetzung erarbeitet.
Der Workshop findet digital über die Videokonferenz-Software Zoom statt.
Melden Sie sich einfach für den spannenden und kostenlosen Workshop an - Sie erhalten rechtzeitig vor dem Workshop einen Zoom-Zugangslink für das Event.
Traditional and Agile Management Approaches Knut Linke
In the context of informatization and digitalization of work the ability to work self-organized and agile become more important for workers. Education organizations are required to provide fitting training approaches for to fulfil those requirements. The paper contains a comparison and explanation of traditional (PMBOK, Prince2, Hermes) and agile project management approaches (Scrum, Kanban, Scrumban) and agile organization forms (OKR, Holacracy). The different approaches are explained, especially in the field of the agile approaches, in detail to provide a deeper understanding from the necessary requirements onto the workers. The work concludes with an aggregation of comparisons of both approaches and a conclusion for future requirements for teaching and learning and future necessary research.
Auswertung Vorkurs/Brückenkurs Mathematik dualer und berufsbegleitender Studi...Knut Linke
Ziel der Untersuchung:
- Evaluation der Nutzung von Onlineangebote im Bereich Mathematik
- Feststellung von Hürden und Probleme beim Lernen und Transferieren für Mathematik
Zeitpunkt der Evaluation:
- September 2015
Durchführung:
- Fragebogen
ICSMM '17 | Socio-spatial differences in German online milieus | University o...Knut Linke
The presented research is part of a research project which analyses the influence of socioeconomic variables on the usage of online social networks to provide quality ensured social media supported business transactions. The research in this paper contains the analysing of the online milieu groups from the Responsibility-Driven Individuals and the Digital Vanguards which were defined in 2012 as milieu groups for online users in Germany. Both target groups are part of the in Germany well established approach of lifeworlds and milieus for the differentiation of groups in the society. With such a distinguishing of customer groups, the communication with agents in social media communication will be more efficient due to a more standardized targeting.
To increase the information fundament about the two mentioned lifeworlds and to be able to select those mentioned areas on more valid preferences, an analysis of past lifeworlds definitions and lifeworld analyses were conducted. The analysis in this research covers the lifeworlds definitions for milieus in Germany since the mid 1980th. In the analysing of the former definitions of lifeworlds the area of the mentioned online milieu groups is set as requirement for the analyses to find more information about those fields in the German society. The research closes with an overview about the (qualitative) influence factors which might be preset for customer selection from the mentioned lifeworlds and contains suggestions and questions for additional research in the research project.
Creating Learning Nuggets on the Fly - Online Educa 2015Knut Linke
Presentation for the Conferene "Online Educa 2015" in Berlin.
The presentation contains information about the research project Open IT and the Best Practices from the sector of Learning Nuggets from the University Of Applied Sciences Weserbergland.
Best Practices in the Production of Learning Nuggets CC VersionKnut Linke
CC-Version (non CC images removed)
Presentation from the Learntec, Karlsruhe, Germany (27.01.-29.01.2015), Session: Specials / Video Production
Content:
Best Practices and Lessons Learned of the University of Applied Acience Weserbergland (Hochschule Weserbergland) in the sector of learning nuggets production.
Ergebnisse der Brainstormingsession zu den Anforderungen an einen MOOC an der Hochschule Weserbergland. Was erwarten die Studenten und welche Kurse können diese sich vorstellen. Das Design wurde bewusst sehr schlicht gewählt, um einen Fokus auf die Inhalte zu ermöglichen.
Kleine und kurze Präsentation zur Geschichte und Funktionsweise von Twitter.
Hintergrundinformationen zum Verhalten von Twitter, wie man Interagiert, passende Accounts findet und ggf. interagiert.
Advantages for East European countries by Internet labor
1. Advantages for East European
countries by Internet labor
THE HISTORY OF SOCIAL NETWORKS
A presentation by Knut Linke, University of Latvia, at the My PHD
International Conference:
“Does place Matter? Central and Eastern Europe in the global
world of the 21. century”, 20-23 OCTOBER, 2011
SKALICA, SLOVAK REPUBLIC
2. Overview
Globalization
Core regions
Periphery areas
Semi-Periphery areas
Outsourcing approaches
Transaction costs
Examples
3. Globalization
• Definition:
Compression of the world as a whole, involves the linking of activities
and the centralization of working places through computer
mediated interactions [1]
• New local and global business opportunities
• World System Theory by Immanuel Wallerstein
• Enhancement of the Dependency Theory [2]
• Asynchrony dependencies between the economics of core areas, the
periphery areas and the complexities of country development
4. Core regions
• Dividing the whole into core regions, with possible semi-
periphery and periphery [3]
• Core regions benefits most from the capitalist world
economy
• Built first in the modern century in northwestern Europe
within the areas of England, France and Holland
• Factors: strong central governments & extensive bureaucracies
• Ability to obtain control over international business and
networking for their goal to extract capital surpluses out of the
proceeded trades
5. Core regions - GAWV
• GAWV Index [4]:
• Alpha: London, Paris, Tokyo and New York, Chicago, Frankfurt,
Hong Kong, Los Angeles, Milan and Singapore.
• Beta: San Francisco, Sydney, Toronto, Zurich, Brussels, Madrid,
Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Moscow and Seoul.
• Gamma (Examples): Amsterdam, Dallas, Dusseldorf, Geneva,
Jakarta, Johannesburg, Prague, Taipei, Washington, Beijing,
Rome, Stockholm or Warsaw.
6. Periphery areas
• Areas without a strong focus of government or
which are settled in other states. From those
areas raw materials and labor practices were
provided to the core areas. The advantages for
the core is in this situation unequal trade
relations based on disadvantages in the
periphery areas as also salary differentials [3].
7. Semi-Periphery areas
• Between core and periphery a semi periphery area can be
established and exist.
• “These areas represented either core regions in decline or
peripheries attempting to improve their relative position in the
world economic system [3].”
Czech, Poland, Slovakia or Hungary
• “Higher productivity in the core areas can be reached by increasing
the wealth in semi periphery areas. Networking technologies can
affect communication processes in a variety of ways like speeding up
communication and decrease costs for communication by bringing
the distance in communication on a zero level [4].”
8. Outsourcing
• “Outsourcing is the act of transferring some of an organization’s recurring
internal actives and decision right to outside providers”, a company is itself
able to contract recurring activities [5].
• Cross-border mergers and alliances become more important in the ongoing
globalization [6].
• Services can be provide decentralized and virtual (CSCW – Computer
Supported Cooperative Work)
• With the removing of local restrictions for cooperative working through Internet
this trend is additional supported. With this development, the working in and via
networks, is supported, which allows normal societies to support the work in
global networks through the Internet [7].
• Export of goods and service are a tremendous key value drive in the sector
of the GDP from some areas.
9. Outsourcing approaches
• “Think global, act local” – Theodore Levitt
• Professor at Harvard Business School
• Possible areas for outsourcing: customer service,
engineering, human resources, logistics, maintenance and
janitorial, manufacturing, sales and marketing,
administration, accounting or computer services [8].
• Outsourcing of: Out tasking (tasks), Selective Outsourcing
(group of tasks), Application Service Providing, Business
processes, Knowledge Process…
10. Global networks
• Global networks support the necessary communication
processes, which are "facilitated and sustained by an
underlying network of individuals, institutions, and
technologies that provide the means and mechanism for
formulating, exchanging, and interpreting information
and for creating the necessary linkages among these
activities". [9].
• Those underlying networks contain additional
components "which performs a function essential to the
communication process“ and provides the capabilities for
the network processes.
11. Global networks & Transaction
costs
• Capabilities are required to support the range of applications and
services which can be provided from the network. This includes
capacity, reach, and density for the communication speed, support of
possible communication models, infrastructure costs, versatility,
flexibility and accessibility in and to the network for increasing the
general functionality.
• Those capabilities influence the transaction costs in the network
• Transaction costs for a network in a national economy can influence
the success of an area. "High transaction costs not only reduce
economic returns; they also inhibit economic growth. In Fact, when
transaction costs become too high, markets cease to exist through a
lack of profitableness [10]”.
12. Transaction costs
Scale & Scope Location & Organization
of the market of Economic Activities
Transaction Costs
Social Norms
Geographic
Boundaries
Social Networks
Political
Prescriptions
Product and Process
Standards
IT-based Networks
Coping with transaction Costs by D. Linda Garcia
• Saving on transaction costs can also increase the issue of
bottlenecks in network.
• Key Performance Indicators are important for the
monitoring of transaction costs
13. Examples
• Arvato: Customer Service from Estonia, Ukrain, Bulgaria
or Romania.
• Gameloft: Complete software development in Romania
• Accenture: SAP Consulting from Czech Republic and
Slovakia
• Headquarters of several companies in Ireland
• Convergys, Vertex: International IT-Outsourcing
14. References
• [1] Mike Featherstone, Scott Lash: Global modernity’s, p. 35, Sage Publications, 1995.
• [2] Dirk Kläser: Aktuelle Theorien der Soziologie – von Shamuel N. Eisenstadt bis zur Postmodernen, Munich, 2005, p. 171.
• [3] Paul Halsall: Summary of Wallerstein on World System Theory, August 1997, 05/15/2011.
• [4] Peter J. Taylor, D. R. F. Walker, J.V. Beaverstock: Firms and their global service networks, In: Global Networks - Linked Cities,
Routledge, 2002, p. 98-101.
• [5] Maurice F. Greaver II: Strategic outsourcing: a structured approach to outsourcing decisions and initiatives, Amacom, 1999,
p.3-4.
• [6] Saskia Sassen: Locating Cities on a Global Circuit, In: Global Networks - Linked Cities, Routledge, 2002, p. 21 - 24.
• [7] Boris Holzer: Vom globalen Dorf zur kleinen Welt – Netzwerke und Konnektivität in der Weltgesellschaft, Department for
Sociology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 2005
• [8] George Ackerhof: The 'Market for Lemons': Quantitative Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism, In: Quarterly Journal of
Economics 84, 1970, p. 488-500.
• [9] D. Linda Garcia: The Architecture of Global Networking Technologies, In: Global Networks - Linked Cities, Routledge, 2002, p.
40 - 57.
• [10] Steven M. Bragg: Outsourcing – A Guide to… selecting the correct business unit… negotiating the contract… maintaining
control of the process, John Wiley & Sons, 2006, p. 129 – 365.