working modality of publi health , Whole population approach , Setting population approach , Campaign . Mass media , Common process of public heath work ,Need assessment ,Program planning

1. Surya Narayan chaudhary
Assistant professor
MPH, MA

2. Working modality
• Working modality refers to the operation or
mode of operation of something that is done
in practically . These are
1. Whole population approach
2. Setting population approach

3. 1 Whole population approach
• The population approach to prevention proposes that
interventions should be applied to entire populations to
achieve a wholesale shift in the distribution of disease risk
factors.
• In general, population-wide interventions have the
greatest potential for prevention. For instance, in reducing
risks from blood pressure and cholesterol, shifting the
mean of whole populations will be more cost-effective in
avoiding future heart attacks and strokes than screening
programmes that aim to identify and treat all those people
with defined hypertension or raised cholesterol levels.
• These are the whole population approach
 Campaign
 Mass media

4. Campaign
• Campaigning is usually involves a conversation with society,
persuading people to take an unusual interest in supporting a move
that would not normally happen.
• Campaigning lowers the barriers against action and increases the
incentives to take action. Campaigning maximises the motivation of
the audience, not their knowledge.
• A health campaign is a type of media campaign which attempts to
promote public health by making new health
interventions available. The organizers of a health campaign
frequently use education along with an opportunity to participate
further, such as when a vaccination campaign seeks both to educate
the public about a vaccine and provide the vaccine to people who
want it. When a health campaign has international relevance it may
be called a global health campaign.

5. Mass media
• Mass media refers to a diverse array
of media technologies that reach a large audience
via mass communication. The technologies through
which this communication takes place include a variety
of outlets.
• Broadcast media transmit information electronically via
media such as films, radio, recorded music,
or television. Digital media comprises
both Internet and mobile mass
communication. Internet media comprise such services
as email, social media sites, websites, and Internet-
based radio and television

6. Setting approach
• The World Health Organization (WHO) defines a setting
as “the place or social context in which people engage
in daily activities in which environmental,
organizational, and personal factors interact to affect
health and wellbeing” .
• The settings approach to health promotion considers
the multiple, interacting components that make up a
whole system and adopts interventions that integrate
these components to minimize risk factors and
conditions that contribute to disease .
• The goal of the settings approach is to create
supportive environments for optimal health

7. School
• The WHO defines a health promoting school as “a
place where all members of the school community
work together to provide students with integrated and
positive experiences and structures which promote and
protect their health.
• Schools have long been used as a setting to provide
health services such as nursing and dental care; more
recently, public health nurses have provided infectious
disease prevention through education, vaccinations,
and other resources such as counselling. Schools can
also provide a practical setting for health surveillance,
population health assessment, and research.

8. Aims and Objectives
• The aim of this approach is to create healthy and supportive school
environments for children to develop and learn. It is intended to
have the capability of being applied to one community school or to
a group of schools. The objectives are:
• to promote healthy and supportive environments for children,
teachers, other staff, parents, and volunteers in schools,
• to facilitate healthy development of children in schools from a
whole child perspective,
• to stimulate healthy and sustainable ID policy and action in the
school environment,
• to encourage the development of evidence-based knowledge in
health promotion in school environments through research,
• to advance collaboration and partnerships between public health
and education, and
• to facilitate communication between schools (including students
and staff), communities, policy makers, and the health sector.

9. Family
• Family values, behaviors, routines, and decisions, borne out
of the recurring patterns of interactions within and outside
the home have significant implications on the health of
other members in the household .
• The Family Health Model provides an ecological perspective
where the production of health is based on contextual,
functional, and structural domains .
• The idea that health begins in the home and is influenced
by the family is not only supported by theoretical models
but also scientific evidence and family-focused
interventions at the primary, secondary and tertiary
prevention levels.

10. Factories
• Workplace health promotion has generally focused on promoting
worker health through reduction of individual risk-related behaviors
such as tobacco use, substance use, a sedentary lifestyle, poor
nutrition, stressors and reactions to them, reproductive risks, and
other preventable health behaviors.
• It is also feasible to link worksite health promotion efforts with
broader efforts in the workplace to support worker health, such as
through occupational health and safety initiatives, disability
management programs and employee assistance programs .
Worksites may plan programs with worker input, and may set
priorities based on their own assessment of needs, and/or
emphasizing those behaviors associated with the largest
decrements in mortality and morbidity, increases in disability,
decreases in work productivity, or potential for cost savings relative
to health impact

11. Business office
Business office is a
place of business where professional duties ar
e performed. That place should sound in
aspect of environtal condition ,physical,
mentally for working purpose .

12. Open market
• An open market is an economic system with no
barriers to free-market activity. Anyone can
participate in an open market, which is
characterized by the absence of tariffs, taxes,
licensing requirements, subsidies, unionization,
and any other regulations or practices that
interfere with naturally functioning operations.
• In that condition promitive heath is needed to
keep healthy environment and society .

13. Common process of public heath work
• Entry into community
• Organizing community
• Need assessment
• Program planning
• Implementation
• Supervion and monitoring
• Evaluation
• Transfer of best practice

14. Entry into community
• Community entry refers to the process of
initiating, nurturing, and sustaining a
desirable relationship with the purpose of
securing and sustaining a community’s
interest in all aspects of a programme.
• It involves recognizing the community, its
leadership and people, and adopting the
most appropriate process in meeting,
interacting, and working with them

15. Steps
1. Collect information and map out the
community;
2. Conduct a stakeholder analysis;
3. Interact with key stakeholders identified; and
4. Conduct the open community meeting

16. Community organizing
• Definition
• Community organizing and development is a
process by which a community empowers
itself by working to identify its needs and to
resolve its problems in a collective manner.
This process develops the confidence and
capability of community members to organize
themselves.

17. Purpose
• · To provide opportunity for participation of men
and women in decisions and actions that will
affect their lives, thus developing a sense of
ownership and collective responsibility for such
decisions and actions.
• · To strengthen community capacity to access
internal and external funds to support viable and
sustainable socio- economic projects.
• · To enable a community to link and form
alliances for advocacy and technology sharing.
• · To build and sustain permanent organizational
structures for resource management.

18. The community organizer
A community organizer should have:
• An understanding of development theories and
concepts and processes of community organizing· good
social and community relation skills to promote social
integration in the community
• An ability to work with other teams of professionals
• The knowledge and skills to enable communities to
access specialized technical assistance in instances
when this is needed
• Sensitivity to the local culture
• Gender-sensitivity.

19. Need assessment
• A “need” is a discrepancy or gap between
“what is” and “what should be.”
• A “needs assessment” is a systematic set of
procedures that are used to determine needs,
examine their nature and causes, and set
priorities for future action.
• In the real world, there is never enough
money to meet all needs. Needs assessments
are conducted to help program planners
identify and select the right job before doing
the job right.

20. Types
• Felt need
• Observed need
• Real need

21. Program planning
• Program planning is the process by which a
program is conceived and brought to action .
Program planning involves multiple steps
including the identification of a problem,
selection of desired outcomes, assessment of
available resources, implementation, and
evaluation of the program. Program planning
is sometimes called program design or
program design planning.

22. Steps of Planning of Health Education Program:

23. Implementation of the programs
• Implementation is carrying out the plan or
putting the plan/program into action.
• It is translating the goals, objectives and
methods into a community based health
education programs.

24. Who .what when where ,

25. • Supervision – Definitions Propounded by
Toft Hartley Act, Vitiates, Davis and G.R.
Terry
• According to the Toft Hartley Act, 1947
(USA), ‘Supervisors are those having authority
to exercise independent judgement in hiring,
discharging, disciplining, rewarding and taking
other actions of a similar nature with respect to
employees’.

26. Supervision – Meaning
• ‘Supervision’ comprises two words, namely
‘super’, that is, superior or extra, and ‘vision’, that
is, sight or perspective. The literal meaning of the
term ‘supervision’ is to ‘oversee’ or ‘to inspect
the work of other persons’.
• Thus, ‘supervision’ refers to an act by which any
person inspects or supervises the work of other
people, that is, whether they are working
properly or not.

27. Monitoring
• Monitoring is the systematic collection and
analysis of information on the project progress
.
• It helps to keep the work on track.
• Enables the planners to detect any kind of
problems related to the performance of the
activities as early as possible and to give
relevant solutions to the problems detected.

28. Evaluation
• Evaluation: is the process of assessing
whether the health education interventions
are attaining their goals and objectives which
are predetermined while planning the
interventions.
• Effectiveness ?

29. Transformation of practice
• Transformation is a process of making a
marked change in the form, nature, or
appearance of some thing .
• So If it is good intervention that made public
heath good we need to transform .

30. Refenrence
• Jean adams ,Marth white .When the population approach to prevention
puts the health of individuals at risk. International Journal of
Epidemiology, Volume 34, Issue 1, February 2005, Pages 40–43,
• The world health report 2002 - Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life
• Wikepedia
• Jami Neufeld Joel Kettner, The Settings Approach in Public Health:
Thinking about Schools in Infectious Disease Prevention and Control,
Issue No. 45 • April 2014
• Carl L. Hanson,* Ali Crandall,ett all , Family-Focused Public Health:
Supporting Homes and Families in Policy and Practice. Mar 20 ,2019
• Lisa Quintiliani. The workplace as a setting for interventions to improve
diet and promote physical activity, September 2007
• HUBERT AMU, COMMUNITY ENTRY PROCESSES IN GHANA
• Participatory Methods in Community-based Coastal Resource
Management - Volume 1 - Introductory Papers (IIRR, 1998, 103 pages
• Abraham Tamirat Planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of
health education programs.
• S acharya .Supervision