A quick intro to what I'm up to currently (2016), and what I may be doing in the next couple of years, regarding health psychology and employee well-being.
Measuring Engagement in Technology-Based Health InterventionsYTH
Paradata (i.e. intervention usage metrics or web/app analytics) have been associated with differential treatment outcomes in online health behavior interventions, yet they remain underutilized and underreported in technology-based HIV prevention and care studies. Paradata collection and analyses can help researchers identify how components in technology-based health interventions lead to behavior change, offer insights into the frequency of usage across intervention components, and provide opportunities to compare the efficacy of specific components across trials. As an emergent area within technology-based health interventions, paradata analyses will require multidisciplinary collaborations between experts in intervention development, bioinformatics, and biostatistics. Building on lessons learned from big data analytics in ecommerce and social media, these partnerships will be critical to determining what and how paradata will be collected and analyzed.
This document discusses research and development. It defines research as systematic investigation to establish or confirm facts, while development refers to growing, progressing, or improving something. Research and development comprise creative work to increase knowledge and develop new applications.
The document then classifies research into three types: basic research which expands general knowledge; applied research which applies basic knowledge to solve problems; and experimental development which applies known facts and theory to solve particular problems through exploratory studies.
Finally, the document discusses research methods, distinguishing quantitative methods which use numerical data and controls to measure phenomena, from qualitative methods which probe contexts deeply to obtain in-depth understandings of participant perspectives.
The document discusses using qualitative interviewing to improve a teacher perceptions survey. It will involve conducting qualitative interviews and observations of teachers and librarians to discover new categories of items to add to an existing survey measuring levels of teacher-librarian collaboration. The goal is to verify and extend previous research on teacher perceptions, while getting a better understanding of collaboration activities that are best identified through qualitative methods rather than existing survey questions alone.
This document discusses three types of research: fundamental/basic research, applied research, and action research. It provides details about each:
- Fundamental research aims to improve scientific theories without immediate practical applications. It expands knowledge for knowledge's sake through questions of why, what, or how without generalizing. Findings may later revolutionize practices.
- Applied research aims to solve practical problems and has immediate implications. It uses academic theories and techniques for specific purposes. It seeks to generalize while assuming other variables don't change.
- Action research is initiated to solve immediate problems through reflection and teams working to improve practices. It has two types: participatory research involving stakeholders, and practical research assisting organizations. It
This document discusses ethics in social science and health research. It defines key terms like research, social science research, and health research. It outlines the symbiotic relationship between health and social science research, noting that social factors must be considered in health research and vice versa. The document also examines debates around ethical issues in social science research, such as power dynamics and risks to participants. It provides an overview of different types of ethics review for research protocols and discusses navigating ethics through principles like those in the Belmont Report.
This chapter outlines the research methodology used in the study. It employed a descriptive assessment study to evaluate the effectiveness of the project "Padaba Ta Ka" implemented by BUCAL in Bagumbayan Central School. Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to 10 teachers and 10 parents from the school. The questionnaires used Likert scales and forced choice questions to assess the sustainability and effectiveness of the project. The responses were analyzed using statistical methods such as percentages and ranks.
Naturalistic Evaluation was developed by Egon Guba and Yvonna Lincoln. It embraces phenomenology and requires full disclosure from stakeholders and their intensive participation as human instruments. It demands that evaluators are totally ethical, respect all participants, give a voice to the powerless, understand stakeholders' values, and look to improve society. Naturalistic Evaluation meets the Joint Committee's Standards of utility, feasibility, propriety, and accuracy through experiment observation, interviews, surveys, and other methods.
Measuring Engagement in Technology-Based Health InterventionsYTH
Paradata (i.e. intervention usage metrics or web/app analytics) have been associated with differential treatment outcomes in online health behavior interventions, yet they remain underutilized and underreported in technology-based HIV prevention and care studies. Paradata collection and analyses can help researchers identify how components in technology-based health interventions lead to behavior change, offer insights into the frequency of usage across intervention components, and provide opportunities to compare the efficacy of specific components across trials. As an emergent area within technology-based health interventions, paradata analyses will require multidisciplinary collaborations between experts in intervention development, bioinformatics, and biostatistics. Building on lessons learned from big data analytics in ecommerce and social media, these partnerships will be critical to determining what and how paradata will be collected and analyzed.
This document discusses research and development. It defines research as systematic investigation to establish or confirm facts, while development refers to growing, progressing, or improving something. Research and development comprise creative work to increase knowledge and develop new applications.
The document then classifies research into three types: basic research which expands general knowledge; applied research which applies basic knowledge to solve problems; and experimental development which applies known facts and theory to solve particular problems through exploratory studies.
Finally, the document discusses research methods, distinguishing quantitative methods which use numerical data and controls to measure phenomena, from qualitative methods which probe contexts deeply to obtain in-depth understandings of participant perspectives.
The document discusses using qualitative interviewing to improve a teacher perceptions survey. It will involve conducting qualitative interviews and observations of teachers and librarians to discover new categories of items to add to an existing survey measuring levels of teacher-librarian collaboration. The goal is to verify and extend previous research on teacher perceptions, while getting a better understanding of collaboration activities that are best identified through qualitative methods rather than existing survey questions alone.
This document discusses three types of research: fundamental/basic research, applied research, and action research. It provides details about each:
- Fundamental research aims to improve scientific theories without immediate practical applications. It expands knowledge for knowledge's sake through questions of why, what, or how without generalizing. Findings may later revolutionize practices.
- Applied research aims to solve practical problems and has immediate implications. It uses academic theories and techniques for specific purposes. It seeks to generalize while assuming other variables don't change.
- Action research is initiated to solve immediate problems through reflection and teams working to improve practices. It has two types: participatory research involving stakeholders, and practical research assisting organizations. It
This document discusses ethics in social science and health research. It defines key terms like research, social science research, and health research. It outlines the symbiotic relationship between health and social science research, noting that social factors must be considered in health research and vice versa. The document also examines debates around ethical issues in social science research, such as power dynamics and risks to participants. It provides an overview of different types of ethics review for research protocols and discusses navigating ethics through principles like those in the Belmont Report.
This chapter outlines the research methodology used in the study. It employed a descriptive assessment study to evaluate the effectiveness of the project "Padaba Ta Ka" implemented by BUCAL in Bagumbayan Central School. Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to 10 teachers and 10 parents from the school. The questionnaires used Likert scales and forced choice questions to assess the sustainability and effectiveness of the project. The responses were analyzed using statistical methods such as percentages and ranks.
Naturalistic Evaluation was developed by Egon Guba and Yvonna Lincoln. It embraces phenomenology and requires full disclosure from stakeholders and their intensive participation as human instruments. It demands that evaluators are totally ethical, respect all participants, give a voice to the powerless, understand stakeholders' values, and look to improve society. Naturalistic Evaluation meets the Joint Committee's Standards of utility, feasibility, propriety, and accuracy through experiment observation, interviews, surveys, and other methods.
An overview of the scientific method and educational research
The classification of types of research by purpose
The classification of types of research by method
Examples of types of research
This document provides an introduction to qualitative research methods. It explains that qualitative research aims to measure social phenomena numerically by analyzing numbers that represent features like attitudes and behaviors using statistical methods. Quantitative research designs like surveys and experiments are used to examine correlations between variables. Researchers remain independent and objective to prevent influencing results. The process takes a deductive approach, beginning with a hypothesis and using tests to see if it applies to a population. Data analysis involves reflection on numerical data to describe variables and test hypotheses. Qualitative research can produce valuable information but is very time consuming.
The study examined how contextual factors influence the planning and implementation processes of major projects, and how context and processes then impact project outcomes. It analyzed 68 case studies of major projects through factor analysis. The results showed that contextual variables strongly influence planning and implementation processes. Process variables then have a strong influence on outcomes. Context also affects outcomes through its impact on processes. So the study supports that process influences outcomes and is an important pathway for how context impacts outcomes in major projects.
The study examined how contextual factors influence the planning and implementation processes of major projects, and how context and processes then impact project outcomes. It analyzed 68 case studies of major projects through quantitative analysis. The results showed that contextual variables strongly influence planning and implementation processes. Process variables then have a strong influence on outcomes. Context also affects outcomes indirectly through its impact on processes. The study supports the idea that project processes significantly drive outcomes, and that context shapes outcomes by first shaping the processes used.
This document outlines and compares quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative methods focus on measuring responses from large sample sizes using tools like surveys and statistical analysis, while qualitative methods use descriptive data collection like interviews and observations to understand differing perspectives on reality. It also discusses participatory methods which involve workshops and diagrams to collaboratively understand issues. Examples of each method type are provided. The document then outlines the typical phases of research including idea generation, problem definition, design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, and communication of results.
The document discusses two approaches to scientific inquiry - the Biological Sciences Curriculum Study (BSCS) and the Michigan Social Science Curriculum Project. The BSCS focuses on teaching students to process information like research biologists by identifying problems and using methods to solve them. The Michigan project used social psychology to study human relations. The inquiry training model uses a child's natural curiosity to create and analyze new knowledge. It involves five phases: confronting a problem, gathering data through verification and experimentation, organizing findings to form explanations, and analyzing the inquiry process with the teacher guiding each phase.
This document summarizes Joshua Jackson's MSCI action research project on the effect of working on high school students' GPAs. The study examined the relationship between GPA and number of hours worked among 130 junior and senior students at Apollo High School. Pearson r correlation analyses found no significant relationship between working and GPA, or between hours worked and GPA. The study concluded that high school students can work during the school year without negatively impacting their grades.
This document discusses research methodologies for gathering human resources information. It recommends that the best approach is a mixed methods design that combines qualitative and quantitative research. A mixed design begins with a strong quantitative methodology to determine what works, and then enhances it with qualitative measures like interviews and case studies. This provides explanatory insights into how findings work and can be applied. While quantitative research identifies what is effective, qualitative research provides richer understanding of how and why things work from the perspectives of participants. Together, a mixed methods approach can provide both information on what is effective and a deeper understanding of why and how.
Crisis of confidence, p-hacking and the future of psychologyMatti Heino
The document discusses issues with statistical analysis and interpretation in research. It notes that traditional null hypothesis significance testing can lead to problems like publication bias. Bayesian statistics are presented as an alternative that considers the probability of the data under both the null and alternative hypotheses. However, Bayesian methods still require transparent reporting and are not a panacea. Overall statistical power in many fields remains low, and selective reporting can still undermine reliability regardless of the statistical approach. Transparency in analysis, open sharing of data and materials, and preregistration of hypotheses are emphasized as ways to improve the credibility of research findings.
Behaviour change and intervention researchMatti Heino
The document summarizes the development and rationale for a school-based intervention to increase physical activity and decrease sitting time among youth. It involved extensive literature reviews, stakeholder input through surveys, interviews and focus groups, and development of a theoretical framework drawing from self-determination theory. The intervention was tested through an initial feasibility trial and a cluster randomized controlled trial to evaluate effectiveness, processes of behaviour change, and cost-effectiveness. The goal was to translate behaviour change methods and create an effective application to address determinants of inactivity and related health outcomes.
No use reasoning with adolescents? A randomised controlled trial comparing pe...Matti Heino
A slideshow adapted from what I presented in the annual conference of the European Health Psychology Society. Features a persuasive communication experiment in the context of health behavior measurement.
This document discusses the benefits of preprints and open sharing of scientific information prior to formal publication. It provides background on the historical Ingelfinger rule, which aimed to protect journals' exclusivity but is now seen as outdated. Experts argue that preprints allow earlier dissemination and review of findings, address biases in traditional peer review, and better serve taxpayers who fund scientific research. Links provided give additional perspectives on preprint archives and how they can positively influence scientific communication.
Prof. Carol Propperin esitys VATT-päivässä 1.11.2016.
Professori Carol Propper on taloustieteen professori Imperial College London -yliopistossa Lontoossa, Iso-Britanniassa. Professori Propperin tutkimus keskittyy kannustin- ja kilpailukysymyksiin terveydenhuoltomarkkinoilla sekä yleisemmin kannustimien suunnitteluun ja vaikutuksiin julkisella sektorilla sekä julkisen ja yksityisen markkinoiden rajapinnalla. Hän on kuuluisa erityisesti tutkimuksistaan, joissa on tarkasteltu kilpailun ja valinnanvapautta lisäävien uudistusten vaikutuksia terveydenhuollon toimintaan Iso-Britanniassa.
This document summarizes Deborah Mayo's critique of Allan Birnbaum's argument for the strong likelihood principle (SLP). Mayo argues that Birnbaum's claim that the sufficiency principle (SP) and weak conditionality principle (WCP) entail the SLP is logically flawed. Specifically:
1) Birnbaum's argument relies on "Birnbaumization" - imagining an experiment as a mixture that could have produced an observed outcome or its SLP pair. However, applying Birnbaumization contradicts applying the WCP to the known outcome.
2) One cannot simultaneously apply Birnbaumization, which uses the mixture distribution, and the WCP, which requires considering only
The slides used by John Hinds as he destroyed cricoid pressure with his 'cricolol' parody during a debate at smaccGOLD. Posted on RAGE with a link to the audio here: http://ragepodcast.com/cricoid-press-press/
This document provides guidance on advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) techniques for resuscitationists. It outlines steps for securing airways through intubation, optimizing breathing by connecting to ventilators, and improving circulation with high-quality chest compressions. It also recommends prioritizing coronary reperfusion for STEMI patients in cardiac arrest and using vasoactive drugs like epinephrine. The document stresses the importance of minimizing peri-shock pauses, dosing epinephrine by blood pressure, and considering techniques like extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. It emphasizes addressing human factors like keeping interventions quiet and knowing when premorbid state or time of arrest impacts survival chances.
In the inaugural John Hinds Plenary session at SMACCDUB, John's partner Janet and his mentor Fred MacSorley celebrate John's life in a fitting tribute to the man that has become a legend.
Enfermedades en animales domésticos (clases y causas)miguelon
Este documento resume las principales enfermedades que afectan a los cerdos, dividiéndolas en enfermedades parasitarias e infecciosas. Entre las parasitarias se menciona la sarna del cerdo, causada por un ácaro que produce picazón en la piel. También se listan varias enfermedades infecciosas como el cólera porcino y la neumonía. Finalmente, se describe en mayor detalle la sarna del cerdo, indicando que causa lesiones en la piel de la cabeza, cuel
This document discusses evidence-based policy and some of the challenges involved. It notes that while randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard for evidence, politics is also influenced by other factors like public opinion and consensus. Politicians must make decisions quickly without full understanding and evidence can be against their values. The document also discusses how evidence is interpreted through ideological lenses and that context is important for determining what works. It advocates for an experimental approach to governance through limited testing of policies rather than trying to fully implement evidence.
An overview of the scientific method and educational research
The classification of types of research by purpose
The classification of types of research by method
Examples of types of research
This document provides an introduction to qualitative research methods. It explains that qualitative research aims to measure social phenomena numerically by analyzing numbers that represent features like attitudes and behaviors using statistical methods. Quantitative research designs like surveys and experiments are used to examine correlations between variables. Researchers remain independent and objective to prevent influencing results. The process takes a deductive approach, beginning with a hypothesis and using tests to see if it applies to a population. Data analysis involves reflection on numerical data to describe variables and test hypotheses. Qualitative research can produce valuable information but is very time consuming.
The study examined how contextual factors influence the planning and implementation processes of major projects, and how context and processes then impact project outcomes. It analyzed 68 case studies of major projects through factor analysis. The results showed that contextual variables strongly influence planning and implementation processes. Process variables then have a strong influence on outcomes. Context also affects outcomes through its impact on processes. So the study supports that process influences outcomes and is an important pathway for how context impacts outcomes in major projects.
The study examined how contextual factors influence the planning and implementation processes of major projects, and how context and processes then impact project outcomes. It analyzed 68 case studies of major projects through quantitative analysis. The results showed that contextual variables strongly influence planning and implementation processes. Process variables then have a strong influence on outcomes. Context also affects outcomes indirectly through its impact on processes. The study supports the idea that project processes significantly drive outcomes, and that context shapes outcomes by first shaping the processes used.
This document outlines and compares quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative methods focus on measuring responses from large sample sizes using tools like surveys and statistical analysis, while qualitative methods use descriptive data collection like interviews and observations to understand differing perspectives on reality. It also discusses participatory methods which involve workshops and diagrams to collaboratively understand issues. Examples of each method type are provided. The document then outlines the typical phases of research including idea generation, problem definition, design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, and communication of results.
The document discusses two approaches to scientific inquiry - the Biological Sciences Curriculum Study (BSCS) and the Michigan Social Science Curriculum Project. The BSCS focuses on teaching students to process information like research biologists by identifying problems and using methods to solve them. The Michigan project used social psychology to study human relations. The inquiry training model uses a child's natural curiosity to create and analyze new knowledge. It involves five phases: confronting a problem, gathering data through verification and experimentation, organizing findings to form explanations, and analyzing the inquiry process with the teacher guiding each phase.
This document summarizes Joshua Jackson's MSCI action research project on the effect of working on high school students' GPAs. The study examined the relationship between GPA and number of hours worked among 130 junior and senior students at Apollo High School. Pearson r correlation analyses found no significant relationship between working and GPA, or between hours worked and GPA. The study concluded that high school students can work during the school year without negatively impacting their grades.
This document discusses research methodologies for gathering human resources information. It recommends that the best approach is a mixed methods design that combines qualitative and quantitative research. A mixed design begins with a strong quantitative methodology to determine what works, and then enhances it with qualitative measures like interviews and case studies. This provides explanatory insights into how findings work and can be applied. While quantitative research identifies what is effective, qualitative research provides richer understanding of how and why things work from the perspectives of participants. Together, a mixed methods approach can provide both information on what is effective and a deeper understanding of why and how.
Crisis of confidence, p-hacking and the future of psychologyMatti Heino
The document discusses issues with statistical analysis and interpretation in research. It notes that traditional null hypothesis significance testing can lead to problems like publication bias. Bayesian statistics are presented as an alternative that considers the probability of the data under both the null and alternative hypotheses. However, Bayesian methods still require transparent reporting and are not a panacea. Overall statistical power in many fields remains low, and selective reporting can still undermine reliability regardless of the statistical approach. Transparency in analysis, open sharing of data and materials, and preregistration of hypotheses are emphasized as ways to improve the credibility of research findings.
Behaviour change and intervention researchMatti Heino
The document summarizes the development and rationale for a school-based intervention to increase physical activity and decrease sitting time among youth. It involved extensive literature reviews, stakeholder input through surveys, interviews and focus groups, and development of a theoretical framework drawing from self-determination theory. The intervention was tested through an initial feasibility trial and a cluster randomized controlled trial to evaluate effectiveness, processes of behaviour change, and cost-effectiveness. The goal was to translate behaviour change methods and create an effective application to address determinants of inactivity and related health outcomes.
No use reasoning with adolescents? A randomised controlled trial comparing pe...Matti Heino
A slideshow adapted from what I presented in the annual conference of the European Health Psychology Society. Features a persuasive communication experiment in the context of health behavior measurement.
This document discusses the benefits of preprints and open sharing of scientific information prior to formal publication. It provides background on the historical Ingelfinger rule, which aimed to protect journals' exclusivity but is now seen as outdated. Experts argue that preprints allow earlier dissemination and review of findings, address biases in traditional peer review, and better serve taxpayers who fund scientific research. Links provided give additional perspectives on preprint archives and how they can positively influence scientific communication.
Prof. Carol Propperin esitys VATT-päivässä 1.11.2016.
Professori Carol Propper on taloustieteen professori Imperial College London -yliopistossa Lontoossa, Iso-Britanniassa. Professori Propperin tutkimus keskittyy kannustin- ja kilpailukysymyksiin terveydenhuoltomarkkinoilla sekä yleisemmin kannustimien suunnitteluun ja vaikutuksiin julkisella sektorilla sekä julkisen ja yksityisen markkinoiden rajapinnalla. Hän on kuuluisa erityisesti tutkimuksistaan, joissa on tarkasteltu kilpailun ja valinnanvapautta lisäävien uudistusten vaikutuksia terveydenhuollon toimintaan Iso-Britanniassa.
This document summarizes Deborah Mayo's critique of Allan Birnbaum's argument for the strong likelihood principle (SLP). Mayo argues that Birnbaum's claim that the sufficiency principle (SP) and weak conditionality principle (WCP) entail the SLP is logically flawed. Specifically:
1) Birnbaum's argument relies on "Birnbaumization" - imagining an experiment as a mixture that could have produced an observed outcome or its SLP pair. However, applying Birnbaumization contradicts applying the WCP to the known outcome.
2) One cannot simultaneously apply Birnbaumization, which uses the mixture distribution, and the WCP, which requires considering only
The slides used by John Hinds as he destroyed cricoid pressure with his 'cricolol' parody during a debate at smaccGOLD. Posted on RAGE with a link to the audio here: http://ragepodcast.com/cricoid-press-press/
This document provides guidance on advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) techniques for resuscitationists. It outlines steps for securing airways through intubation, optimizing breathing by connecting to ventilators, and improving circulation with high-quality chest compressions. It also recommends prioritizing coronary reperfusion for STEMI patients in cardiac arrest and using vasoactive drugs like epinephrine. The document stresses the importance of minimizing peri-shock pauses, dosing epinephrine by blood pressure, and considering techniques like extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. It emphasizes addressing human factors like keeping interventions quiet and knowing when premorbid state or time of arrest impacts survival chances.
In the inaugural John Hinds Plenary session at SMACCDUB, John's partner Janet and his mentor Fred MacSorley celebrate John's life in a fitting tribute to the man that has become a legend.
Enfermedades en animales domésticos (clases y causas)miguelon
Este documento resume las principales enfermedades que afectan a los cerdos, dividiéndolas en enfermedades parasitarias e infecciosas. Entre las parasitarias se menciona la sarna del cerdo, causada por un ácaro que produce picazón en la piel. También se listan varias enfermedades infecciosas como el cólera porcino y la neumonía. Finalmente, se describe en mayor detalle la sarna del cerdo, indicando que causa lesiones en la piel de la cabeza, cuel
This document discusses evidence-based policy and some of the challenges involved. It notes that while randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard for evidence, politics is also influenced by other factors like public opinion and consensus. Politicians must make decisions quickly without full understanding and evidence can be against their values. The document also discusses how evidence is interpreted through ideological lenses and that context is important for determining what works. It advocates for an experimental approach to governance through limited testing of policies rather than trying to fully implement evidence.
Slides for a talk by Vincent Pellegrino (ECMO Director at The Alfred ICU) on ECPR. For videocast and audio only versions of this talk go to the RAGE podcast (http://ragepodcast.com/ecpr-vincent-pellegrino/) or The Alfred ICU's INTENSIVE blog (http://intensiveblog.com/ecpr-vin-pellegrino/).
In this talk I discuss our recent Bayesian reanalysis of the Reproducibility Project: Psychology.
The slides at the end include the technical details underlying the Bayesian model averaging method we employ.