This document discusses environmental management systems (EMS) and the ISO 14001 standard. It provides an overview of what an EMS is, why organizations implement them, and the key elements of an ISO 14001 compliant EMS. Some of the main points covered include: - An EMS is a systematic way to manage an organization's environmental impacts and compliance based on the plan-do-check-act model. - ISO 14001 is a widely used international standard that specifies requirements for an EMS. It includes elements like environmental policy, compliance obligations, aspects identification, objectives and targets, implementation plans, training, and management review. - Implementing an EMS helps organizations improve environmental performance, compliance

1. Environmental Management Systems
The ISO 14001 Approach
N.C. Health Physics Society
Boone, NC
October 19, 2001
Julie Woosley
EMS Development Course
for Government Agencies,
Project Coordinator
NC DPPEA

2. What is an EMS?
 Systematic way of managing an organization’s
environmental affairs
 Based on Plan-Do-Check-Act Model (PDCA)
 Focused on Continual Improvement of system
 Addresses immediate and long-term impact of an
organization’s products, services and processes
on the environment.
 A tool to improve environmental performance

3. Some EMS Models
 ISO 14001
 Metal Finishers
 National Biosolids Partnership
 Project XL with the United Egg Producers
 Agriculture EMS models (livestock, soybean)
 SGIA model
 Federal facility models (CEMP, DOE guide)
 Compliance-focused EMS (CFEMS)
 Commission for Env. Cooperation (CEC guide)

4. EMS Model
Policy
Plannin
g
Implementation
Checking
Corrective Action
Management
Review
Based on the
P-D-C-A Model,
Plan-Do-Check-Act

5. Why Implement an EMS?
To get your environmental ducks in a row!
 Struggling to stay in compliance and keep track of
regulations/laws
 Environmental management just one of many
responsibilities
 Establish a framework to move beyond compliance
 Vehicle for positive change; improved employee
morale, enhanced public image
 Employee turnover

6. Why Implement an EMS ?
More reasons:
 Helps to identify the causes of environmental
problems.
 better to make a product right the first time
 cheaper to prevent a spill or other accident
 cost effective to prevent pollution
 Trade and competitive issues
 Inconsistency in environmental regulation and
enforcement
 Many individual parts may already
be in place – just need to unify under
the EMS umbrella!

7. ISO 14000: A series of standards
 Created by the International Organization of
Standardization, a non-governmental organization
(NGO) established in 1947, located in Switzerland (see
handout for more info)
 ISO is not an acronym - from the Greek iso, meaning
equal (as in isothermal)
 ISO is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies from over 100 countries; American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) is US representative
 They have created many standards: ISO 9000, film speeds

8. ISO 14000 Family
 A series of guidance documents and standards
to help organizations address environmental
issues. Ones below deal with EMS.
 14001: Environmental Management Systems
 14004: EMS general guidelines
 14010: Guidelines for Environmental Auditing
 14011: Guidelines for Auditing of an EMS
 14012: Auditing - Qualification criteria

9. To Whom Do the Standards Apply?
 Standard is Voluntary
 Large and Small Business & Industry
 Service Sectors (hospitals, hotels, etc.)
 City and County Government
 Applicable to all types of organizations, of
all sizes anywhere in the world

10. Becoming ISO 14001 certified
 ISO 14001 is the only certification standard
 Registration body examines EMS for conformity
to the ISO 14001 standard
 Not a compliance audit, an EMS audit
 Facility awarded registration
 Does NOT mean that products are more
environmentally friendly
 Does mean have a documented EMS that is fully
implemented and consistently followed

11. External Drivers for ISO 14001?
 Suppliers encouraged to consider an EMS
by:
 IBM
 Xerox (30,000)
 Bristol-Myers Squibb (15,000)
 Ford and GM
 Toyota- choice of 3
 MP&M, Others??
 Approx. 271,000 ISO 9000 certifications
worldwide (est. 380 NC certifications)

12. World
Picture
 30,303 ISO 14001 cert. in world as of 6/01
 1,480 ISO 14001 cert. in US as of 6/01
 54 companies known certified in NC, and one
municipality
 US is 5th in number of certifications behind Japan
(6,648), the UK (2,500), Germany (2,400), and
Sweden (1,911)

13. EMSs and the Federal Government
 Published Federal Register notice 3/12/98
 EPA “Aiming for Excellence” Report Sept. 99; part of
Draft EMS Action Plan http://www.epa.gov/ems
 Clinton signed Executive Order 4/00 requiring federal
facilities to have an EMS by 2005
 EPA Performance Track June 2000 – requires an EMS
 Office of Water funded pilot efforts in 10 states, pilot
program with governments, pilot with Biosolids Assoc.
 New MP&M (Metal Products and Machinery) Effluent
Guidelines: final rule may include EMS-based
exemptions (P2 option)
 EMS and Enforcement

14. N.C. EMS Related Activities
 NC DENR EMS policy Aug. 1999
 State Regulatory Innovation legislation
 Sector-based EMSs (paper industry, screen-
printing, metal finishing, furniture): see
http://www.p2pays.org/iso/sector
 EMS Development Course for Government
Agencies
 EMS Pilot Project with Pork Producers

15. Multi-State Working Group
 Many states (founding states are AZ, CA, IL, MA, MN,
NC, OR, PA, TX, WI)
 EPA, NGO’s, National Institute of Standards
& Technology, CI2, CMA
 Implemented pilot projects with industry
 Goal: To understand and communicate the value
of ISO 14000 in meeting public policy goals.

16. What does ISO 14001 Say?

17. 17 Requirements in ISO 14001
Env. Policy 4.2 Document control 4.4.5
Env. Aspects 4.3.1 Operational control 4.4.6
Legal and other req. 4.3.2 Emergency preparedness and
response 4.4.7
Obj. and targets 4.3.3 Monitoring and measurement 4.5.1
Env. Mgmt. Program 4.3.4 Corrective/preventive action 4.5.2
Structure and Responsibility 4.4.1 Records 4.5.3
Training, awareness, and
competence 4.4.2
EMS audit 4.5.4
Communication 4.4.3 Management Review 4.6
EMS documentation 4.4.4

18. ISO 14001 Key Elements
 Policy Statement
 Identification of Significant Environmental
Impacts
 Development of Objectives and Targets
 Implementation Plan to Meet Obj. and Targets
 Training
 Management
Review
How you meet the elements is up to you

19. EMS Model
Policy
Planning
Implementation
Checking
Corrective Action
Management
Review
Based on the
P-D-C-A Model,
Plan-Do-Check-Act

20. ISO 14001 Policy Statement (4.2)
 Management’s declaration of commitment to the
environment.
 Policy Statement
 3 Main Elements (Big 3)
 Commitment to Compliance
 Commitment to Prevention of Pollution, and
 Commitment to Continual Improvement
 Broader definition of pollution prevention
 Available to Interested Parties

21. EMS Policy Statement
 Must be appropriate to the nature, scale and
environmental impacts of the organization’s
activities, products or services
 Provides a framework for setting and reviewing
objectives and targets
 Way of communicating environmental mission
internally and externally
 Broader definition of pollution prevention than
EPA’s: not just source reduction,
but also recycling, treatment,
disposal, and material substitution

22. HOW TWO N.C. COMPANIES
COMMUNICATED THEIR POLICY
STATEMENT TO EMPLOYEES

24. Aspects and Impacts (4.3.1)
 An organization evaluates and addresses its
own significant aspects, including non-
regulated aspects
 May be positive or negative
 Think from the fenceline:
 Aspect: Cause or Input: Element of an
organization’s activities, products, or services
which can interact with the environment
 Impact: Effect or Output: Any change to the
environment, whether adverse or beneficial,
resulting from an organization’s activities,
products, or services

25. Aspects and Impacts
 Consider:
 Air emissions
 Solid/hazardous waste
 Water effluents
 Contamination of land
 Noise, vibration and odor
 Land use, energy use, water use
 Raw material and resource use
 Positive environmental issues
 Example:
 Aspect - Radioactive material
 Impact – Transportation and storage issues;
Environmental contamination
Not just
regulated issues!

26. Marine Corps ISO 14001 Pilot Project
Encampment
Lead Responsibility - Fish and Wildlife Division,
Compliance Division, and Planning Division
Environmental Aspects
Input (raw material
and labor)
Conservation
Soil disturbance leading to Erosion and Sedimentation
Accidental Spillage - Vehicle /Helicopter/Equipment fluids
Gray water
Soil disturbance leading to Erosion and Sedimentation
Accidental Spillage - Vehicle/Helicopter/Equipment fluids
Gray water
Accidental Spillage - Vehicle/Helicopter/Equipment fluids
Gray water
Fuel Consumption - Use of a Nonrenewable Resource
Training within a Natural Environment (Plant, Wildlife, Wetlands)
Training within species habitat
Disposal of Spill Residue
Disposal of Solid Waste
Disposal of Hazardous Waste
Particulate Matter from Operating Vehicles Off-road
Air Emissions from equipment and vehicles
Outdoor burning - PM
Surface Water Impacts
Waste Impacts
Soil Impacts
Air Impacts
Groundwater Impacts
Resource Impacts
Nuisance Impacts

28. Ranking/Significance Scoring
Consider:
 Environmental Concerns
 Regulatory/legal exposure; health/env. risks; conservation
 Business Concerns:
 Effect on the public image; community concerns
 Cost savings; cost recovery period; equipment/facility
 Other issues:
 Scale, duration, and zone of impact
 Probability of occurrence - frequent, likely, possible,
rarely, unlikely
 Severity of impact - catastrophic, severe, moderate, minor

29. Example Significance Matrix
Activity,
Product,
Service
Aspect Impact Legal
Liability
Public
Concern
Frequency Severity OSR Significance
(OSR>2.5)
Dissolve
Mineral
Ore
Water
use
Resource
depletion
1 3 2 1 1.75 No
Natural
Gas
Use
Resource
depletion
1 1 2 2 1.50 No
Natural
Gas
Use
Air
pollution
(Nox)
1 2 2 1 1.50 No
Use of
Strong
Acids
Spills to
land or
water
3 2 3 3 2.75 Yes

30. Scoring Guide for Ranking Significance
Environmental Planning Division
Weight = 2 Weight = 2 Weight = 1.5 Weight = 2
PROCESS ASPECTS
POTENTIAL
IMPACTS
DEGREE
OF
IMPACT
FREQUENCY
OF IMPACT
POTENTIAL
FOR
REGULATORY
OR LEGAL
EXPOSURE
COMMUNITY
INPUT TOTAL
Dry Cleaning Air Emissions Degradation of
Air Quality -
VOCs
3 4 3 3 24.5
Marine Corps ISO 14001 Pilot Project

31. Legal and Other Environmental
Requirements (4.3.2)
 Setting legal framework for the EMS
 have a procedure to identify and access the legal
requirements: state, federal, local
 have a documented system for keeping up-to-date
 communicate to the right people
 Industry-specific requirements
 CMA Responsible Care
 Int’l.Chamber of Commerce (ICC) Charter
 Other voluntary requirements
 EPA ClimateWise, WasteWise, 33/50 Program
 Green Seal

32. Planning (4.3)
Establish
obj./target
Review policy
Determine
significant impacts
Determine legal/
other rqmts.

33. Objectives &Targets (4.3.3)
 The organization shall establish and maintain
documented environmental objectives and targets.
 Can include commitment to:
 reduce waste
 reduce or eliminate release of pollutant
 design product to minimize environmental impact
in production, use, and disposal.
 Be realistic. Keep objectives simple, flexible, and
measurable.

34. OBJECTIVES & TARGETS
 Reduce generation of
hazardous waste
 Improve indoor air
quality by reducing
solvent odors
 Prevent spills
 Reduce electrical use
 Reduce spent solvent
by 80% by 01/2002
 Reduce emissions by
90% by 05/2002
 Max. of 2 /yr. by
2003
 Reduce electricity use
by 10% by 08/2002

35. Planning
Establish
obj./target
Review policy
Determine significant
impacts
Determine legal/
other rqmts.
Develop
Env. Mgmt.
program

36. Env. Mgmt. Program
 Plan: Switch to aqueous cleaning process
 Action- Substitute water based cleaning process
for vapor degreasing process
 Responsibilities - Process Engineering
 Schedule -
Bench top trials - 2 months (date)
Full scale pilot - 3 months (date)
Implementation period - 1 month (date)
 Resources needed - 1 FTE for 4 months
- Est. Budget $12,000

38. Implementation (4.4)
 Structure/responsibility (4.4.1)
 Training, awareness, & competence (4.4.2)
 Communication (internal/external) (4.4.3)
 Env. Mgmt. System Documentation (4.4.4)
 Document control (4.4.5)
 Operational control (4.4.6)
 Emergency preparedness
and response (4.4.7)
Sections overlap: For example, 4.4.2 and 4.4.6 require that
employees have info. on EMS as well as knowledge of
environmental impacts from operations and activities

39. (4.4.2) Training: Ex. Training Matrix
Document Title Document # Rev
Coleman
Keeter
Larry
Cummings
Diane
Shumate
Opal
Morgan
Beth
Eckert
Janet
Maddox
Nancy
Matherly
Christina
Johnson
Bobby
Hanna
Charlie
Graham
David
Hux
Jim
Eiden
Awareness Training N/A N/A 5/9/00 5/9/00 8/11/00 8/29/00 NR 5/9/00 5/12/00 9/11/00 5/12/00 5/12/00 5/9/00 5/11/00
Environment Management System Manual EMS-0100.000 0 NR 2/14/00 NR 3/8/00
EMS Review Procedure EMS-0100.001 0
8/30/00 2/14/00 NR 4/10/00 5/8/00 3/8/00
Document Control Procedure EMS-0100.002 0 2/14/00 NR 4/10/00 5/8/00 3/8/00
Aspects and Impacts Procedure EMS-0100.003 0 5/15/00 2/14/00 NR 5/10/00 5/8/00 3/8/00
Corrective/Preventative Action Report
Procedure
EMS-0100.004 2 5/9/00 5/9/00 8/30/00 8/29/00 NR 5/9/00 8/28/00 9/11/00 8/30/00 8/30/00 5/9/00 5/9/00
Training Procedure EMS-0100.005 1 12/18/00 NR 4/10/00 12/18/00 12/18/00
Roles and Responsibilities Listing EMS-0100.006 0 8/30/00 2/14/00 8/30/00 8/29/00 NR 4/10/00 1/27/00 5/8/00 3/8/00
Objective and Targets - Improvement Plan
Summary
EMS-0100.007 1
NR 8/29/00 NR
External Communications Procedure EMS-0100.008 1 6/28/00 6/28/00 8/11/00 8/29/00 NR 6/28/00 6/29/00 9/11/00 8/30/00 8/30/00 8/4/00 6/28/00
Environmental Management System Audit EMS-0100.011 0 NR 5/8/00
Sewer Overflow / Reporting Procedure
(Press Release);Media List; Distribution list;
Emergency Phone list
EMS-0100.012 3
NR 9/1/00 NR 9/1/00
Monitoring and Measuring Procedure EMS-0100.013 0 NR NR
Legal and Other Requirements EMS-0101.001 1 NR
EMS Management Procedures

40. Document Title Document # Revision Retain Frequency Controlled Copy Locations
Environment Management
System Manual
EMS-0100.000 0 As
Needed
As Needed w U: Drive
1. Long Creek Operations
2. Crowders Conf. Room
3. PW Director’s Office
4. Pretreatment Office
5. Superintendent's Office
EMS Review Procedure EMS-0100.001 0 As
Needed
As Needed w U: Drive
1. Long Creek Operations
2. Crowders Conf. Room
3. PW Director’s Office
4. Pretreatment Office
5. Superintendent's Office
Document Control Procedure EMS-0100.002 0 As
Needed
As Needed w U: Drive
1. Long Creek Operations
2. Crowders Conf. Room
3. PW Director’s Office
4. Pretreatment Office
5. Superintendent's Office
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DOCUMENTS
Procedures for Environmental Management System
(4.4.5) Document Control – Ex. Matrix

41. Checking/Corrective Action (4.5)
Monitoring and
Measuring
(4.5.1)
Records
(4.5.3)
Non-conformance and
Corrective/Preventive
Action
(4.5.2)
EMS Auditing
(4.5.4)

42. (4.5.1) Monitoring
and Measuring
 The organization shall establish and maintain
documented procedures to monitor and measure
... the key characteristics of its operations that can
have a significant impact on the environment.
 Track how well the system is working
 Measure the key characteristics of those activities
that can have significant impacts
 Analyze the root causes of problems

43. (4.5.2) Non Conformance
and Corrective and
Preventive Action
 Develop procedure for investigating,
correcting, and preventing system
deficiencies
 Set up process for assigning responsibilities
for and tracking completion of corrective
action
 Set up process to revise EMS procedures
based on corrective actions

44. (4.5.3) Records
 The organization shall establish and
maintain procedures for the identification,
maintenance and disposition of
environmental records
 Include - training records, audits,
management reviews

45. (4.5.4) EMS Auditing
Develop internal EMS audit program
 Are all EMS requirements met?
(Are we meeting the standard?)
 Is the system working?
(Are we doing what we said we would?)
Determine audit frequency and procedures; train
auditors; keep records of audits, findings, and
follow up actions

46. EMS Model (Plan-Do-Check-Act)
Policy
Planning
Implementation
Checking
Corrective Action
Management
Review

47. (4.6) Management Review
 Reviews EMS to ensure its continuing
suitability, adequacy and effectiveness
 Reviews process to ensure necessary
information is collected for evaluation
 Review must be documented
 Consider changes to:
 policy
 objectives
 other EMS elements

48. Thoughts on Going for ISO 14001
 Attend an overview class (need a champion,
know what’s coming)
 Start with gap analysis or “road map”
 6-18 months to design and fully implement
 Work in teams or task groups
 Staff resources
 Incorporate Health and Safety?
 Level of Involvement of Suppliers/Contractors
 Training (internal/lead auditor, overview)
 Using an accredited trainer/registrar

50. For More Information
 DPPEA offers free on-site EMS assistance and training
 DPPEA EMS web site: http://www.p2pays.org/iso/
Julie Woosley Beth Graves,
EMS Gov. Project Coor. EMS Project Coor.
919-715-6527 or 800-763-0136 (919) 715-6506
Julie.Woosley@ncmail.net Beth.Graves@ncmail.net
Barb Satler, EMS and Pork Producer Coor.
(919) 715-6519, barb.satler@ncmail.net