The document discusses various forms of discrimination and violence faced by women throughout their lives in countries like India, Japan, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. It notes that women face issues like female feticide, child marriage, dowry deaths, rape, sexual harassment, domestic violence, and human trafficking. Despite laws against such crimes, enforcement remains a challenge. Empowering women through education and changing societal attitudes is seen as key to addressing these issues.

1. Discrimination from Womb to Tomb

2. What religion says…….

3. So kyu manda akhiye…… Bhand jameye bhand nimiye bhand mange viyah. Bhande hove dosti bhande chale raha. Bhad muya bhat bhaliye bhand hove bhandhan. So kyu manda akhiye jit jamiye rajaan.

4. Cont…. Bhande hi bhad upjye bhande baj na koi. Nanak bhande bahara ek o sacha soyi. Jit mukhi sada salahiye bhaga rati char. Nanak the mukh ujale,tit sacha darbar

5. Guru amar das ji Guru amar das ji lifted the status of women and gave them equality with men.He strictly prohibited the practice of Sati (the dying of the wife on her husband's funeral pyre), "Parrda" (veil to cover the face), etc.

6. Khalsa panth Guru Gobind singh created khalsa panth and gave different identity to Sikhs by giving them suffix of Singh (loin) to man and Kaur (lioness) to woman.

7. Kanniya daan sabse bada daan hai…

8. Islam Muslims sees janat in their mother’s feet….

10. World on Empowerment World Bank 2002 : Gender equality is an issue of development effectiveness, not just a matter of political correctness or kindness to women. United Nations Convention on Transnational Organized Crime, Protocol on Trafficking “…the purchasing, transfer, harbouring or receiving of persons by threatening, use of force, fraud, abuse of power or position for the purpose of exploitation…”

11. Violence against women in India Though the top most position of India (President) a woman is occupying but it is it mean that women society is empowered now as being claimed by most of the political parties? We can only hope that Mrs. President will do something for empowering or making women society to live with dignity. Before this let’s see past record…

12. Alas..!! Violence throughout life!! Pre - Natal Childhood Female Foeticide * Child marriage, Physical, sexual, * Child prostitution, Emotional abuse. * Physical, sexual, emotional abuse by parents, relatives, * Marginal access to schools, education, food & many other things.

13. Alas..!! Violence throughout life!! Adolescence During Adult age Rapes, * Dowry, Sexually harassment, * Family violence & abuse, Murders, * Murders & rapes, Trafficking & Prostitution. * Emotional, physical abuse.

14. Violence against women in India India a young democratic nation of world also land of missing girls & sadly where the sex ratio is steadily decreasing 40 to 50 million girls have gone ‘missing’ in India since 1901 – missing because they were not allowed to be born, or if born, murdered immediately thereafter. -- Report by UNICEF

15. Violence against women in India 1 out of every 6 girls does not live to see her 15th birthday. Of the 12 million girls born in India, 1 million do not see their first birthday. Of the 12 million girls born in India, 3 million do not see their fifteenth birthday, and a million of them are unable to survive even their first birthday. Every sixth girl child's death is due to gender discrimination. 1 out of every 10 women reported some kind of child sexual abuse during childhood, chiefly by known persons.

16. Violence against women in India 1 out of 4 girls is sexually abused before the age of 4. 19% are abused between the ages of 4 & 8. 28% are abused between the ages of 8 & 12. 35% are abused between the ages of 12 & 16. 3 lakh more girls than boys die every year. Female mortality exceeds male mortality in 224 out of 402 districts in India. Death rate among girls below the age of 4 years is higher than that of boys. Even if she escapes infanticide or feticide, a girl child is less likely to receive immunization, nutrition or medical treatment compared to a male child.

17. Violence against women in India 53% of girls in the age group of 5 to 9 years are illiterate. Every year 27,06,000 children under 5 years die in India. And the deaths of girl children are higher than those of male children. A survey showed that the female fetus abortion rate is twice as high among educated mothers compared with those who are illiterate. Poverty and social pressure are said to be responsible for the problem. Main among these two is the SOCIAL PRESSURE, the fear that they would be thrown out of home, made women to abort female children. --Facts from reports of UNICEF & CRY

18. Violence against women in India Recent census data shows that close to 3 million girls are not only married by the age of 15 years, but have borne children atleast once. The dowry deaths alone totalled at 6787 with 3204 other cases registered under the Dowry prohibition Act. There were 58319 cases of cruelty by husband or relative against the married women. 37.2% of married women reported experiencing spousal violence in India (NFHS-3).

19. Violence against women in India There are approximately 2 million child commercial sex workers between the age of 5 and 15 years and about 3.3 million between 15 and 18 years. They form 40% of the total population of commercial sex workers in India. 80% of these are found in the 5 metros. 71% of them are illiterate. 500,000 children are forced into this trade every year .

20. Recent News!! State AP tops minor girl marriage charts ( March 28th, 2008 Indian Express ) Not one, but 2 youths raped 3-yr-old ( March 28th, 2008 Tribune News Service ) 7-yr-old gang-raped, strangled (April 7 th 2008 TOI) Woman set on fire for dowry in Delhi (March 30th, 2008 Thaindian News) Child marriages continue in 21st-century India (Info Change India) 92-yr-old beaten, thrown out of home (April 6 th 2008 TOI) 14 girls rescued from a brothel (April 4 th 2008 TOI) Dalit women forced to swallow excreta (April 7 th 2008 TOI) List would be endless!!!

21. Violence against women in India The 1989 UN Charter, to which India is a signatory, guarantees every child the following rights - Right to Survival - To life, health, nutrition, name, nationality - Right to Protection - From exploitation, abuse, neglect - Right to Development - To education, care, leisure, recreation, cultural activities - Right to Participation - To expression, information, thought, religion No-one in India is interested in giving them education, basic health facilities. How many here in India follows the above child rights? Problem of child labor continues despite of “Child Labor Act(s)”.

22. Provisions under Indian Penal Code (IPC) Rape - Sec. 376 IPC Kidnapping - Sec. 363-373 IPC Dowry death or torture for dowry – Sec. 302/304-B IPC Molestation - Sec. 354 IPC Sexual Harassment - Sec. 509 IPC Domestic Violence - Sec. 498-A IPC (Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961; The Child Marriage Restraint (Amendment) Act,1979;Commission of Sati Prevention) Act,1987)

23. Violence against women in India Despite all these laws & Acts. Its harder to digest all the above facts. Isn’t it? Main Culprits:- Media, Policies makers & those implement Political Leaders, Religious Leaders & Practices, Unawareness & Illiterate, Socio-economic condition,

24. Mother’s Education-Impact… A study of 45 developing countries found that the average mortality rate for children under 5 was 144 per 1000 live births when their mothers had no education, 106 per 1000 when they had primary education only, and 68 per 1000 when they had some secondary education. -- World Development Report 1998 In order to iron out the unevenness in society, the women must be educated and they should learn to assert their rights and shun the injustices heaped on them.

25. Man’s psyche must change!! Respect for a woman, her needs and aspirations is essential because only then can she give her best to society The real change will be when man’s psyche undergoes a transformation and both men and women meet mid-way rather than the girl always making all the adjustments.

26. Discrimination in Japan, Pakistan, Bangladesh

27. Japan Women are forced into labor when offered a job opportunity, and deceived into a heavy burden of debt. They are reduced to nearly slaves, controlled by their debtors. They are often forced to become prostitutes, and have no defense against abuse, unsafe sex, medical problems, or abuse from their debtors. The laws preventing this are practically useless, and help very little in eliminating this atrocity.

28. Pakistan Women in Pakistan face high rates of rape and Sexual Assault The man usually goes un-prosecuted Woman is often charged with illicit sex if fail to prove the rape Difficult to prove the rape because of haphazard medico legal examinations The justice system sees “rape” as a private matter not belonging in the courts.

29. Bangladesh: War on Sex Crimes  5,000- 6,000 Nepali women and children, some as young as nine are sold across the border into India.  200,000 Bangladesh women and girls are in sexual bondage in Pakistan.  Dhaka conference in 1999 attempted to establish protection of these peoples from a growing problem of selling women and children into prostitution across country lines.

30. “ I measure the progress of a community by the degree of progress which women have achieved.” Dr B R Ambedkar

31. “ Vision without action is dream, action without vision is time-pass and vision and action makes radical change i.e. revolution.” Nelson Mandela

32. “ Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. " Martin Luther King Jr.

33. DISCRIMINATION AGAINST MEN AT WORKPLACE

34. Discrimination against men at work place is not a very common practise, but it has been observed in various organisations and in particular professions.

35. In certain organisations, men are forced to work in the late night shifts, as their female counterparts are given concessions to work during day time for safety concerns. In professions like. Journalism, BPO’s and KPO’s this kind of trend is often observed. Vision Quest National, exempted an employee. Albert Crane, after he complained about having to work in the evening shifts.

36. Men are not provided with paternity leave and flexible hours to take care of their child. Women are given leave for 2-3 months at a stretch, thus leaving fathers frustrated. Daniel Melinksi, a customer support specialist in Urbana, USA, was denied leave for two weeks, to take care of his small child.

37. Men are generally discriminated against in secretorial and computer related jobs Growth in these fields becomes stagnant for men Eg: Akhilesh Munjal was at a very high position and was working as a company secretary. For a few years, he struggled hard to climb up the ladder. But in the end had to give up as female counterparts were given more preference and his growth in the company had stopped.

38. BBC Here and Now MORI Poll All serious studies into domestic violence show a roughly equal balance between the genders. Some studies have shown that there is a higher rate of domestic violence amongst lesbian than heterosexual couples. A poll undertaken by MORI and commissioned by Here and Now had these main findings: One in five (18 percent) of men have been victims of domestic violence by a wife or female partner as opposed to 13 percent of women by a man. One in nine women admit to having used physical aggression against a husband or male partner (compared to one in ten men) 14 percent of men say that they have been slapped by a partner (compared to 9 percent of women) 11 percent of men have had a partner threaten to throw something heavy at them (compared to 8 percent of women)

39. Only 4 percent of women explained that their behavior (either verbal or physical) was because of drink or drugs (compared to ten percent of men) Nearly half (47 percent) of women say that their behaviour (physical or verbal aggression or verbal reasoning) was because "it was the only way I could get through to him" Working class men (20 percent) are more likely to have been subjected to physical agression by a wife or female partner than upper or middle class men (15 percent) Here and Now's survey reveals that fifteen percent (6.3 million people) of the population say that they have been subjected to physical agression by a husband/wife or hetrosexual partner. MORI interviewed a representitive quota sample of 1,978 adults in Great Britain. 1,865 of whom had ever been in a personal relationship with the opposite sex.

40. EXCEPTIONS TO GENDER DISCRIMINATION

41. QUOTE……….. “ When you grow up, you can be whatever you want to be “ Little girls in the United States hear this all the time, from their mothers to teachers to "Sesame Street" characters. Almost everywhere they go, they are encouraged to believe that girls can be just as smart, athletic, and successful as boys. Even the pictures of spunky women on magazine covers at the checkout stand tell them that when you're a girl, anything is possible.

42. NAHED TAHER Saudi Arabian Co-founder and Chief Executive of Gulf One Investment Bank First female to be hired to a Senior Management Position among 4,000 men in the bank First woman in Saudi Arab to head a bank in the Gulf region

43. CECILIA IBRU Nigerian bank Chief Executive First private-sector representative to address an African Union congress on Economic Reforms Africa Investor magazine’s African Businesswoman of the Year 2006 Ran Oceanic Bank for more than a decade

44. PREETHA REDDY One of the pioneer businesswomen of India in the segment of healthcare industry Runs the listed Apollo Hospitals Group which operates 45 hospitals The Apollo Specialty Hospital has emerged as a major oncology referral centre in Asia

45. INDRA NOOYI CEO of global Soft Drinks & Snacks giant PepsiCo Ranked No.4 on Forbes magazine’s annual survey of the 100 most powerful women in the world Salary more than $ 7,000,000 ($ 7 million) per year at PepsiCo Aims to enter into US politics

46. The Norwegian government has a law insisting that 40 per cent of company directors must be female . And this is isn’t just about equality – it argues that the economy will benefit as well

47. GROWING ECONOMIC PARTICIPATION Participation in formal economic activities on terms and conditions which reflect the productive capacity of women Their control over their own incomes Increasing work participation of women Female Labour-force participation rates have tended to increase more than those for men

48. PRESENT SCENARIO IN INDIA At software industry 30% of the workforce is female at par with their male counter parts in terms of wages, position at the work place Industrial sectors employ as much as 89.5% of the total female labour After amendment of Hindu laws in 2005, now women have been provided the same status as that of men in Land & Property rights

49. “ To be thought of half as useful as a man, I had to work twice as hard.” These are the words of a woman who struggled a decade ago--------- KIRAN BEDI

50. GLASS CEILING BREAK THE GLASS CEILING

51. CASE STUDY- WAL MART

52. Wal-Mart Basics Founded by Sam Walton Headquarters in Bentonville, AR Largest Retailer in the World Largest Private Employer in U.S. $244.6 billion in sales; $6 billion profit in 2003

53. Women in Wal-Mart Management Positions

54. What the Women Told About Promotion. .. No Information About How to Apply Shifting Requirements and Excuses Relocation Requirement – Real or A Pretext? Chauvinist Attitudes

55. Gender-Based Pay Disparities Average Annual Earnings ** In 2001 Job % of Women in Job Male Salaries Female Salaries Difference in Salaries Regional Vice Pres. 10% $419,400 $279,800 $139,600 District Manager 10 239,500 177,100 62,400 Store Manager 14 105,700 89,300 16,400 Assistant Manager 36 39,800 37,300 2,500 Management Trainee 41 23,200 22,400 800 Department Head 78 23,500 21,700 1,800 Sales Associate 68 16,500 15,100 1,400 Cashier 93 14,500 13,800 700

56. WOMEN ARE EMPOWERED AMUL LIJJAT PAPAD KIRAN BEDI

57. The 21 Leading Businesswomen in India * 1 Akhila Srinivasan , Managing Director, Shriram Investments Ltd 2 Chanda Kocchar , Executive Director, ICICI Bank [ Get Quote ] 3 Ekta Kapoor [ Images ] , Creative Director, Balaji Telefilms [ Get Quote ] 4 Jyoit Naik , President, Lijjat Papad 5 Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw , Chairman and Managing Director, Biocon [ Get Quote ] 6 Lalita D Gupte , Joint Managing Director, ICICI Bank 7 Naina Lal Kidwai [ Images ] , Deputy CEO, HSBC 8 Preetha Reddy , Managing Director, Apollo Hospitals [ Get Quote ] 9 Priya Paul , Chairman, Apeejay Park Hotels 10 Rajshree Pathy , Chairman, Rajshree Sugars and Chemicals Ltd 11 Ranjana Kumar [ Images ] , Chairman, NABARD 12 Ravina Raj Kohli , Media personality and ex-President, STAR News 13 Renuka Ramnath , CEO, ICICI Ventures 14 Ritu Kumar [ Images ] , Fashion Designer 15 Ritu Nanda , CEO, Escolife 16 Shahnaz Hussain , CEO, Shahnaz Herbals 17 Sharan Apparao , Proprietor, Apparao Galleries 18 Simone Tata , Chairman, Trent Ltd [ Get Quote ] 19 Sulajja Firodia Motwani , Joint MD, Kinetic Engineering [ Get Quote ] 20 Tarjani Vakil , former Chairman and Managing Director, EXIM Bank 21 Zia Mody , Senior Partner, AZB & Partners

58. WOMEN TOP THE LIST Indra Nooyi listed as third most powerful woman in the world by Forbes Indra Nooyi, CEO of PepsiCo, has been ranked third in the Forbes annual list of the 100 most powerful women in the world. The other Indian women in the list are Congress party president, Sonia Gandhi, Chanda Kochhar, CEO of ICICI Bank and Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, Chairman, Biocon India. They are ranked 13, 20 and 91 respectively. Among top 100 personalities, 63 are from US and only four from Britain. Indra Nooyi, Sonia Gandhi, Chanda Kochhar and Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw are from India. Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina Wajed is the only other South Asian who has made up to the list at 78th rank.

59. WOMEN HAVE THE POWER

60. LESSONS FROM MOVIES CHAK DE INDIA MILLION DOLLAR BABY

61. Presented by:- Jasneet Kaur Manpreet Kaur Puneet Miglani Shibi John Suhasini Munjal