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Conectividad inalámbrica 
Seminario a distancia. 
Juan Carlos Marino 
Systems Engineer 
jumarino@cisco.com 
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Wi-Fi Notebooks superan a los Desktops 
Notebooks 
51 superan 
Months 
Desktops! 
14 Months 
80% 
70% 
1st Million APs 
60% 
50% 
Desde 1999 le tomó a Cisco 51 meses para vender 1 millón de APs. 
2nd Million APs 
40% 
30% 
Notebooks 
Desktops 
Desde 2004 le tomó a Cisco 14 meses para vender 1 millón de APs. 
10 Months 
3rd Million APs 
20% 
10% 
0% 
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 
95% de los Notebooks de hoy tienen Wi-Fi 
Para el 2006, se proyecta que le tomará 10 
meses a Cisco para vender 1 millón de APs 
AP Sales 
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La movilidad cambia la forma de trabajar 
Today 
Interacción de tiempo real – 
Instant Messaging, two-way 
text paging, Blackberry, etc 
1990s-2002 
Voice Mail y Email proveen 
respuesta “en el día” 
1950s-1990s 
Cartas y memos 
El clima de negocios actual requiere conectividad en 
todo lugar y momento 
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Soluciones inalámbricas 
WLAN 
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Interrogantes comúnes 
• Cada cuantos metros pongo otro AP? 
• Que antena utilizo? 
• Cuantos clientes simultáneos por AP? 
• Es segura la conectividad inalámbrica? 
• La red inalámbrica va a reemplazar a la red 
cableada? 
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Extendiendo la red sin usar cables 
In-Building Wireless LANs Wireless Bridges 
Public Access Hot Spots Home Networking 
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Algunas consideraciones 
Aspectos edilicios influyen en el In-Building Wireless LANs 
Funcionamiento de la solución 
Las columnas y objetos pueden generar 
Focos de sombra 
No es preferible que sobre antes de que falte J, 
El dimensionamiento de las celdas debe ser el 
justo y necesario 
Los APs no deberían estar instalados en contacto 
con superficies metálicas 
Los hornos de microondas pueden generar 
Interferencia si están deteriorados y no encierran 
Adecuadamente la RF 
En entornos de empresa los equipos deben soportar WPA u 802.11i 
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Soluciones INDOOR 
Infraestructuras 
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Infraestructuras WLAN 
Red Ad-Hoc 
Red Infraestructura - roaming Red Infraestructura - repeater 
LAN 
15% 50% 
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Infraestructuras WLAN 
Maximum Coverage 
Auto Rate Negotiation 
Wireless Mobile Workers 
DiPole Antennas 
1 
Office 1 Office 3 
Class 1 
AP’s on Isolated 
LAN with PIX 
6 11 1 
Office 2 Office 4 Office 5 Office 6 Office 7 Office 8 
Hallway 
Office 9 Office 10 Office 11 Conference Room Break Room 
11 1 11 
2000’ 
850’ 
6 
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Vistazo a la tecnología 
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Tecnologías Inalámbricas 
WAN 
(Wide Area Network) 
MAN 
(Metropolitan Area Network) 
LAN 
(Local Area Network) 
PAN 
(Personal Area 
Network) 
PAN LAN MAN WAN 
GSM, GPRS, 
CDMA, 2.5-3G 
802.11 
MMDS, LMDS 
802.11a, 11b, 11g 
Standards Bluetooth HiperLAN2 
Speed < 1 Mbps 2 to 54+Mbps 22+ Mbps 10 to 384 Kbps 
Range Short Medium Medium-Long Long 
Enterprise networks Fixed, last mile access cellular access Peer-to-Peer 
PDAs, Mobile Phones, 
Applications Device-to-Device 
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Tecnologías Inalámbricas 
802.11b 802.11a 802.11g 
2.4 GHz 5 GHz 2.4 GHz 
Worldwide US/AP Worldwide 
11 Mbps 54 Mbps 54 Mbps 
Las leyes del radio: 
Mayor tasa de tx. = menor alcance 
Mayor potencia = mayor alcance, menos tiempo de bateria 
Mayor frecuencia = mayor tasa de tx., menor alcance 
Frequency 
Band 
Availability 
Maximum 
Data Rate 
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Comparing 802.11 Technologies 
Banda de 
Frecuencias y 
canales 
disponíbles 
Tipo de 
transmisión y 
Tasas de 
Transferencia 
(Mbps) 
802.11b DSSS: 11, 5.5, 2, 1 
2.4GHz, 3 
Channels 
2.4GHz, 3 
Channels 
5GHz, 12 
Channels 
Alcanca 
aproximado 
(indoor) 
a máxima 
velocidad 
150 feet@ 
11Mbps 
90 feet@ 
54Mbps 
45 feet@ 
54Mbps 
OFDM: 54, 48. 36, 
24, 18, 12, 9, 6 
DSSS: 11, 5.5, 2, 1 
OFDM: 54, 48. 36, 
24, 18, 12, 9, 6 
802.11g (802.11b 
Clients in Cell) 
802.11a 
• 802.11b provee largo alcance pero velocidad, throughput y capacidad 
limitadas 
• La alta velocidad, largo alcance y compatibilidad con 802.11b son los 
beneficios claves de 802.11g 
La capacidad está limitada a los canales disponíbles 
• 802.11a, operando en 5.8GHz es la tecnología de mayor capacidad 
Pero tiene alcance limitado y no es compatible con 802.11b ni 802.11g 
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802.11 Capacity Compared 
Throughput Channels Capacity (Mbps) 
(Mbps) 
802.11b 6 3 18 
802.11g (Mixed 8 3 24 
Mode Operation) 
802.11g (No 22 3 66 
Legacy Support) 
802.11a 25 12 300 
802.11a (with 25 24 600 
802.11h Support) 
• Even when not supporting 802.11b clients, 802.11g still provides a 
fraction of the network capacity provided by 802.11a 
• Dual band infrastructure is the only way to achieve a high capacity 
wireless LAN 
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Comparative 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g 
Ranges in an Open Office Environment 
802.11b (100 mW 
with 2.2 dBi Gain 
Diversity Dipole 
Antenna) 
802.11g (30 mW with 
2.2 dBi Gain 
Diversity Dipole 
Antenna) 
802.11a (40 mW with 
6dBi Gain Diversity 
Patch Antenna) 
Range 
Data Rate (Mbps) 
54 45 ft (13 m) 90 ft (27 m) - 
48 50 ft (15 m) 95 ft (29 m) - 
36 65 ft (19 m) 100 ft (30 m) - 
24 85 ft (26 m) 140 ft (42 m) - 
18 110 ft (33 m) 180 ft (54 m) - 
12 130 ft (39 m) 210 ft (64 m) - 
11 - 160 ft (48 m) 160 ft (48 m) 
9 150 ft (45 m) 250 ft (76 m) - 
6 165 ft (50 m) 300 ft (91 m) - 
5.5 - 220 ft (67 m) 220 ft (67 m) 
2 - 270 ft (82m) 270 ft (82m) 
1 - 410 ft (124 m) 410 ft (124 m) 
• Multiple rate/range combinations allow two different paths: 
New site survey and additional devices for common data rate 
Upgrade existing APs for asymmetric data rate coverage 
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Canales - 802.11 DS 
o(11) canales estacionarios de 22 MHz 
o 3 canales no superpuestos 
o 3 Access Points pueden estar co-ubicados 
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 
2400 
2483 
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Frequency Hopping 
Existe interferencia con los teléfonos inalámbricos? 
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El espectro de 5 GHz 
5GHz 5.15 5.35 5.470 5.725 5.825 
UNII Band 
US (FCC) 
12 Channels 
(*can use up to 
6dBi gain antenna) 
Europe 
19 Channels 
(*assumes no 
antenna gain) 
5.25 
4 Ch 4 Ch 11 Ch 4 Ch 
UNII-1 
40mW 
UNII-2 
200mW 
200mW 1W 
UNII-1: Uso Indoor, la antena debe estar ligada al radio 
UNII-2: Uso Indoor/Outdoor, antena fija o remota 
UNII-3: Solo Outdoor Bridging 
UNII-3 
800mW 
*if you use a higher gain antenna, you must reduce the transmit power accordingly 
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Distorsión por múltiples caminos 
Las dos antenas se comportan como una sola 
Deben estar levemente distanciadas una de la otra. Ambas antenas 
deben ofrecer la misma celda de cobertura 
El AP escoge automáticamente por cual de las dos antenas va a 
escuchar el tráfico y por cual va a recibir. 
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Soluciones INDOOR 
Productos 
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In-Building Wireless LANs 
Cisco Aironet 1100 Series Access Point 
Estandares: 802.11b y 802.11g 
Velocidades: 11Mbps en .11b y 54Mbps en .11g 
Alimentación: Inline Power (via UTP) o bien con fuente externa 
Solo para ambientes indoor 
Antenas internas de 2.2dBi. No soporta otra antena. 
Cisco Aironet 1200 Series Access Point 
Estandares: 802.11b , 802.11g y 802.11a 
Velocidades: 11Mbps en .11b y 54Mbps en .11g y .11a 
Alimentación: Inline Power (via UTP) o bien con fuente externa 
Soporta condiciones de temperatura y humedad de ambientes hostiles 
Dos conectores RP-TNC para soportar diversas antenas. 
(al instalar dos antenas, éstas se comportan como una única antena. La 
posibilidad de instalar dos antenas le permite al AP superar dificultades 
propias de la transmisión inalámbrica tales como rebotes de señal.) 
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In-Building Wireless LANs 
Cisco Aironet 1130 Series Access Point 
Estandares: 802.11 a,b,g 
Velocidades: 11Mbps en .11b y 54Mbps en .11a y g 
Alimentación: Inline Power (via UTP) o bien con fuente externa 
Solo para ambientes indoor 
Antenas internas: 
2.4GHz - 3dBi 
5.8GHz – 4.5dBi 
no soporta antenas externas 
Cisco Aironet 1230AG Series Access Point 
Estandares: 802.11 a,b,g 
Velocidades: 11Mbps en .11b y 54Mbps en .11a y g 
Alimentación: Inline Power (via UTP) o bien con fuente externa 
Indoor - robusto 
Antenas internas – no tiene 
Soporta antenas externas para 2.4GHz y 5.8GHz 
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Clientes Inalámbricos y antenas 
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Cisco Aironet 802.11a/b/g Wireless Adapters 
• PCMCIA card para Laptops y PDAs 
• PCI adapter para Desktops 
• Mini-PCI for embedded applications 
• Driver Support 
Windows 95, 98, Me, NT 4.0, 2000, XP 
Windows CE 2.11, 3.0 (Pocket PC) 
Linux 
Mac OS 9, X 
• Los utilitarios incluyen una herramienta de 
configuracion de usuario y de site survey 
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Tipos de antena 
OMNI PATCH YAGI 
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Lobulos de radiación 
Frequency Range à 2.4-2.484 GHz 
VSWR Less than à 2:1 
Power à 5 watts 
Gain à 2dBi 
Polarization à Linear 
Azimuth 3dB BW à Omnidirectional 
Elevations 3dB BW à 70 degrees 
Antenna Connector à RP-TNC 
Dimensions (H) à 4.5 in. 
Mounting à To RP-TNC Connector 
Frequency Range à 2400-2500 MHz 
Gain à 12dBi 
Polarization à Linear, Vertical 
Azimuth 3dB BW àOmnidirectional 
Elevation (3dB BW) à 7 degrees 
Antenna Connector à RP-TNC 
Dimensions (H x W) à 42 x 1.25 in. 
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Lobulos de radiación 
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Interrogantes comúnes 
• Cada cuantos metros pongo otro AP? 
• Que antena utilizo? 
• Cuantos clientes simultáneos por AP? 
• Es segura la conectividad inalámbrica? 
• La red inalámbrica va a reemplazar a la red 
cableada? 
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Soluciones OUTDOOR 
Infraestructura 
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Wireless Bridges 
Algunas consideraciones 
Debe existir linea de vista 
Se debe respetar la zona de fresnel 
La lluvia o humedad no debería afectar notoriamente 
al enlace 
Se deben tomar recaudos frente a posibles descargas eléctricas 
Se deberían registrar los enlaces ante la CNC 
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Enlaces entre sitios 
50 Mbps 
14 Mbps 
14 Mbps 
•Punto a Punto 
•Punto - Multipunto 
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Soluciones OUTDOOR 
Productos 
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Cisco Aironet 1400 Series 
AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 AIR-BR1410A-A-K9-N 
• Al soportar instalción outdoor, maximiza la performance al 
reducir la pérdida por uso de cables de radio. 
• Transmit Power: 15 mW (12 dBm) - 250 mW (24 dBm) 
• Data rates: 6 to 54 Mbps con la mayor sensibilidad de radio 
del mercado 
• Point to point range con antena integrada de 22.5 dBi: 
7.5 miles at 54 Mbps 
16 miles at 9 Mbps 
• Point to point range con antena de 28 dBi: 
12 miles at 54 Mbps 
23 miles at 9 Mbps 
• Point to multi-point range con antena omni de 9 dBi y 
antena de 22.5 dBi: 
2 miles at 54 Mbps 
8 miles at 9 Mbps 
• Throughputs mayores a 28 Mbps a 7.5 miles 
• VoIP circuits trunked – up to 24 over PtP links 
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1300 Series Access Point / Bridge 
• Estándar: 802.11g 
• Puede funcionar en modo Bridge o en modo Access Point. 
• Se puede limitar para permitir solo tráfico entre dos BRs, sin aceptar clientes 
Modelos: 
AIR-BR1310G-A-K9 
Con antena direccional de 22.5dBi incorporada 
AIR-BR1310G-A-K9-R 
Con conectores RP-TNC para antena externa 
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¿Es segura una WLAN? 
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Ataques a WLAN 
Jamming 
DoS (Denegación de Servicio) 
MITM (Man in the middle) 
Rogue Aps 
Password Attacks (Dictionary / Brute Force) 
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Limitaciones de la seguridad de 802.11 
• Claves WEP estáticas y 
compartidas 
Administración de claves 
descentralizado 
Protección pobre contra ataques 
• No existe una manera efectiva de 
lidear con placas robadas 
El poseedor tiene acceso a la red. 
Se precisa hacer una distribución de 
claves nuevas a todos los dispositivos 
• No hay administración de 
usuario integrada 
Se necesitan DB de usuarios 
independientes. No se puede usar 
RADIUS 
Solo se identifica al usuario por 
MAC address. 
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Resumen de seguridad 802.11 
• Los mecanismos de seguridad en la especificación 
802.11 de 1997 fueron burlados 
Open authentication 
Shared key authentication 
WEP 
• Estos EN SI MISMOS no van a segurizar su red 
wireless 
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Requisitos para una WLAN segura 
Encryption and 
Data Privacy 
Authentication 
and Access 
Control 
Encryption 
Algorithm 
Message 
Integrity 
TKIP-MIC or 
AES-CBC-MAC 
Authentication 
Algorithm 
TKIP-PPK or 
AES-CCM 
Authentication 
Framework 
802.1X/EAP LEAP, PEAP, 
or EAP-TLS 
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Seguridad WLAN 
802.11 802.11i + WPA2 
HAONGTAAÑO 
+ WPA 
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Cisco Wireless Security Suite 
No 
Security 
No WEP and 
Broadcast Mode 
Public 
Access 
Basic 
Security 
Wi-Fi 40-bit, 
128-bit, and 
Static WEP 
Telecommuter and 
Small Business 
Enhanced 
Security 
Dynamic Key 
Management 
System, Mutual 
Authentication, and 
802.1x via EAP 
Mid-Market and 
Enterprise 
Specialized 
Security 
End-to-end 
security using VPN 
Mobile User and 
Public Access 
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Interrogantes comúnes 
• Cada cuantos metros pongo otro AP? 
• Que antena utilizo? 
• Cuantos clientes simultáneos por AP? 
• Es segura la conectividad inalámbrica? 
• La red inalámbrica va a reemplazar a la red 
cableada? 
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Cisco Unified Wireless Network 
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Cisco Unified Wireless Network 
End-to-End, Unified – Only Cisco 
Unified Advanced Services 
Unified built-in support of leading edge applications 
- not an after thought. Cisco Wireless Location 
Appliance, Cisco WCS, SDN, NAC, Wi-Fi phones, 
and RF firewalls. 
World-Class Network Management 
World Class NMS that visualizes and helps secure 
your air space. Cisco Wireless Control System (WCS) 
Cisco 
Self-Defending 
Network 
Network Unification 
Seamless network infrastructure across a range 
of platforms. Cisco 4400, 2000 Wireless LAN 
Controllers and Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series WiSM. 
Future ISR integration. 
Mobility Platform 
APs dynamically configured and managed 
through LWAPP. Cisco Aironet Access Points: 
1500, 1300, 1240AG, 1230AG, 1130AG, and 1000. 
Client Devices 
Secure clients that work out of the box. Cisco 
Compatible Client Devices & Cisco Aironet clients. 
Future 
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Cisco Unified Wireless Network 
¿Como funciona y que hace? 
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Real-Time RF Management 
Dynamic RF channel “1” 
Channel 
RF channel “2” 
Assignment 
Dynamic 
Power 
Optimization 
RF channel “3” 
Cisco Hardware Layer 
• Avoid interference & Improve performance 
• Reduce “hands on” WLAN management 
Cisco Aironet 
Access Points 
• Eliminate coverage holes 
• Optimize coverage area 
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Better Network Performance 
Dynamic Load Balancing 
Solving Performance & Capacity problems in high density 
areas (e.g. conference rooms, cafeteria)… 
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Better Network Performance 
Dynamic Load Sharing 
Solving Performance & Capacity problems in high density 
areas (e.g. conference rooms, cafeteria)… 
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Better Network Performance 
Dynamic Load Sharing 
Solving Performance & Capacity problems in high density 
areas (e.g. conference rooms, cafeteria)… 
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Enterprise-Class Security 
Cisco Self-Defending Network 
Threat Defense 
Trust and 
Identity 
Protect the Servers: 
• Integrated Firewalls 
Integrated Security 
Management and Control 
Protect Against Network-based 
Attacks Ø Wireless more secure than wired 
Defend the Applications: 
• Integrated Network WIDS 
Rogue AP Detection and Containment 
Signature Detection and Remediation 
WLAN MFP 
RF Jamming Remediation 
Verify the User and Device: 
• Identity-Based Networking, CSA 
+ NAC, RF Firewall, Blacklisting 
Authenticate Who/What Has Access 
Ø Multi-layered security 
Ø Unification with Cisco Secure 
ACS, CS-MARS 
Ø Uniform security framework 
across wired and wireless 
network 
Ø Protection from unauthorized 
access and rogue devices 
Secure and Encrypt Transport: 
• WPA2/AES 
Provides Data/Voice Confidentiality 
• IPSec VPNs 
• X509 Certificates 
Secure Control Channel 
Secure 
Connectivity 
Hackers Employees 
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Location Tracking Services 
• 1ra solución integrada de 
localización 
• Servicios de localización en 
tiempo real 
• Identificación y autenticación 
única a través de RF 
• Rastreo en simultáneo de mas de 
10.000 dispositivos 
• Aplicaciones de terceras partes 
(API) 
• Admisnistración de la capacidad 
de RF 
• Interfaz de administración gráfica 
intuitiva 
Cisco 2700 Series Wireless Location Appliance 
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Interrogantes comúnes 
• Cada cuantos metros pongo otro AP? 
• Que antena utilizo? 
• Cuantos clientes simultáneos por AP? 
• Es segura la conectividad inalámbrica? 
• La red inalámbrica va a reemplazar a la red 
cableada? 
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Más información sobre Cisco Aironet: 
http://www.cisco.com/go/wireless 
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WLAN

  • 1. Conectividad inalámbrica Seminario a distancia. Juan Carlos Marino Systems Engineer jumarino@cisco.com SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 2. SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 3. Wi-Fi Notebooks superan a los Desktops Notebooks 51 superan Months Desktops! 14 Months 80% 70% 1st Million APs 60% 50% Desde 1999 le tomó a Cisco 51 meses para vender 1 millón de APs. 2nd Million APs 40% 30% Notebooks Desktops Desde 2004 le tomó a Cisco 14 meses para vender 1 millón de APs. 10 Months 3rd Million APs 20% 10% 0% 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 95% de los Notebooks de hoy tienen Wi-Fi Para el 2006, se proyecta que le tomará 10 meses a Cisco para vender 1 millón de APs AP Sales SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 4. La movilidad cambia la forma de trabajar Today Interacción de tiempo real – Instant Messaging, two-way text paging, Blackberry, etc 1990s-2002 Voice Mail y Email proveen respuesta “en el día” 1950s-1990s Cartas y memos El clima de negocios actual requiere conectividad en todo lugar y momento SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 5. Soluciones inalámbricas WLAN SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 6. Interrogantes comúnes • Cada cuantos metros pongo otro AP? • Que antena utilizo? • Cuantos clientes simultáneos por AP? • Es segura la conectividad inalámbrica? • La red inalámbrica va a reemplazar a la red cableada? SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 7. Extendiendo la red sin usar cables In-Building Wireless LANs Wireless Bridges Public Access Hot Spots Home Networking SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 8. Algunas consideraciones Aspectos edilicios influyen en el In-Building Wireless LANs Funcionamiento de la solución Las columnas y objetos pueden generar Focos de sombra No es preferible que sobre antes de que falte J, El dimensionamiento de las celdas debe ser el justo y necesario Los APs no deberían estar instalados en contacto con superficies metálicas Los hornos de microondas pueden generar Interferencia si están deteriorados y no encierran Adecuadamente la RF En entornos de empresa los equipos deben soportar WPA u 802.11i SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 9. Soluciones INDOOR Infraestructuras SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 10. Infraestructuras WLAN Red Ad-Hoc Red Infraestructura - roaming Red Infraestructura - repeater LAN 15% 50% SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 11. Infraestructuras WLAN Maximum Coverage Auto Rate Negotiation Wireless Mobile Workers DiPole Antennas 1 Office 1 Office 3 Class 1 AP’s on Isolated LAN with PIX 6 11 1 Office 2 Office 4 Office 5 Office 6 Office 7 Office 8 Hallway Office 9 Office 10 Office 11 Conference Room Break Room 11 1 11 2000’ 850’ 6 SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 12. Vistazo a la tecnología SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 13. Tecnologías Inalámbricas WAN (Wide Area Network) MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) LAN (Local Area Network) PAN (Personal Area Network) PAN LAN MAN WAN GSM, GPRS, CDMA, 2.5-3G 802.11 MMDS, LMDS 802.11a, 11b, 11g Standards Bluetooth HiperLAN2 Speed < 1 Mbps 2 to 54+Mbps 22+ Mbps 10 to 384 Kbps Range Short Medium Medium-Long Long Enterprise networks Fixed, last mile access cellular access Peer-to-Peer PDAs, Mobile Phones, Applications Device-to-Device SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 14. Tecnologías Inalámbricas 802.11b 802.11a 802.11g 2.4 GHz 5 GHz 2.4 GHz Worldwide US/AP Worldwide 11 Mbps 54 Mbps 54 Mbps Las leyes del radio: Mayor tasa de tx. = menor alcance Mayor potencia = mayor alcance, menos tiempo de bateria Mayor frecuencia = mayor tasa de tx., menor alcance Frequency Band Availability Maximum Data Rate SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 15. Comparing 802.11 Technologies Banda de Frecuencias y canales disponíbles Tipo de transmisión y Tasas de Transferencia (Mbps) 802.11b DSSS: 11, 5.5, 2, 1 2.4GHz, 3 Channels 2.4GHz, 3 Channels 5GHz, 12 Channels Alcanca aproximado (indoor) a máxima velocidad 150 feet@ 11Mbps 90 feet@ 54Mbps 45 feet@ 54Mbps OFDM: 54, 48. 36, 24, 18, 12, 9, 6 DSSS: 11, 5.5, 2, 1 OFDM: 54, 48. 36, 24, 18, 12, 9, 6 802.11g (802.11b Clients in Cell) 802.11a • 802.11b provee largo alcance pero velocidad, throughput y capacidad limitadas • La alta velocidad, largo alcance y compatibilidad con 802.11b son los beneficios claves de 802.11g La capacidad está limitada a los canales disponíbles • 802.11a, operando en 5.8GHz es la tecnología de mayor capacidad Pero tiene alcance limitado y no es compatible con 802.11b ni 802.11g SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 16. 802.11 Capacity Compared Throughput Channels Capacity (Mbps) (Mbps) 802.11b 6 3 18 802.11g (Mixed 8 3 24 Mode Operation) 802.11g (No 22 3 66 Legacy Support) 802.11a 25 12 300 802.11a (with 25 24 600 802.11h Support) • Even when not supporting 802.11b clients, 802.11g still provides a fraction of the network capacity provided by 802.11a • Dual band infrastructure is the only way to achieve a high capacity wireless LAN SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 17. Comparative 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g Ranges in an Open Office Environment 802.11b (100 mW with 2.2 dBi Gain Diversity Dipole Antenna) 802.11g (30 mW with 2.2 dBi Gain Diversity Dipole Antenna) 802.11a (40 mW with 6dBi Gain Diversity Patch Antenna) Range Data Rate (Mbps) 54 45 ft (13 m) 90 ft (27 m) - 48 50 ft (15 m) 95 ft (29 m) - 36 65 ft (19 m) 100 ft (30 m) - 24 85 ft (26 m) 140 ft (42 m) - 18 110 ft (33 m) 180 ft (54 m) - 12 130 ft (39 m) 210 ft (64 m) - 11 - 160 ft (48 m) 160 ft (48 m) 9 150 ft (45 m) 250 ft (76 m) - 6 165 ft (50 m) 300 ft (91 m) - 5.5 - 220 ft (67 m) 220 ft (67 m) 2 - 270 ft (82m) 270 ft (82m) 1 - 410 ft (124 m) 410 ft (124 m) • Multiple rate/range combinations allow two different paths: New site survey and additional devices for common data rate Upgrade existing APs for asymmetric data rate coverage SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 18. Canales - 802.11 DS o(11) canales estacionarios de 22 MHz o 3 canales no superpuestos o 3 Access Points pueden estar co-ubicados 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2400 2483 SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 19. Frequency Hopping Existe interferencia con los teléfonos inalámbricos? SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 20. El espectro de 5 GHz 5GHz 5.15 5.35 5.470 5.725 5.825 UNII Band US (FCC) 12 Channels (*can use up to 6dBi gain antenna) Europe 19 Channels (*assumes no antenna gain) 5.25 4 Ch 4 Ch 11 Ch 4 Ch UNII-1 40mW UNII-2 200mW 200mW 1W UNII-1: Uso Indoor, la antena debe estar ligada al radio UNII-2: Uso Indoor/Outdoor, antena fija o remota UNII-3: Solo Outdoor Bridging UNII-3 800mW *if you use a higher gain antenna, you must reduce the transmit power accordingly SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 20 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 21. Distorsión por múltiples caminos Las dos antenas se comportan como una sola Deben estar levemente distanciadas una de la otra. Ambas antenas deben ofrecer la misma celda de cobertura El AP escoge automáticamente por cual de las dos antenas va a escuchar el tráfico y por cual va a recibir. SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 21 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 22. Soluciones INDOOR Productos SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 23. In-Building Wireless LANs Cisco Aironet 1100 Series Access Point Estandares: 802.11b y 802.11g Velocidades: 11Mbps en .11b y 54Mbps en .11g Alimentación: Inline Power (via UTP) o bien con fuente externa Solo para ambientes indoor Antenas internas de 2.2dBi. No soporta otra antena. Cisco Aironet 1200 Series Access Point Estandares: 802.11b , 802.11g y 802.11a Velocidades: 11Mbps en .11b y 54Mbps en .11g y .11a Alimentación: Inline Power (via UTP) o bien con fuente externa Soporta condiciones de temperatura y humedad de ambientes hostiles Dos conectores RP-TNC para soportar diversas antenas. (al instalar dos antenas, éstas se comportan como una única antena. La posibilidad de instalar dos antenas le permite al AP superar dificultades propias de la transmisión inalámbrica tales como rebotes de señal.) SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 23 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 24. In-Building Wireless LANs Cisco Aironet 1130 Series Access Point Estandares: 802.11 a,b,g Velocidades: 11Mbps en .11b y 54Mbps en .11a y g Alimentación: Inline Power (via UTP) o bien con fuente externa Solo para ambientes indoor Antenas internas: 2.4GHz - 3dBi 5.8GHz – 4.5dBi no soporta antenas externas Cisco Aironet 1230AG Series Access Point Estandares: 802.11 a,b,g Velocidades: 11Mbps en .11b y 54Mbps en .11a y g Alimentación: Inline Power (via UTP) o bien con fuente externa Indoor - robusto Antenas internas – no tiene Soporta antenas externas para 2.4GHz y 5.8GHz SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 24 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 25. Clientes Inalámbricos y antenas SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 25 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 26. Cisco Aironet 802.11a/b/g Wireless Adapters • PCMCIA card para Laptops y PDAs • PCI adapter para Desktops • Mini-PCI for embedded applications • Driver Support Windows 95, 98, Me, NT 4.0, 2000, XP Windows CE 2.11, 3.0 (Pocket PC) Linux Mac OS 9, X • Los utilitarios incluyen una herramienta de configuracion de usuario y de site survey SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 26 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 27. Tipos de antena OMNI PATCH YAGI SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 28. Lobulos de radiación Frequency Range à 2.4-2.484 GHz VSWR Less than à 2:1 Power à 5 watts Gain à 2dBi Polarization à Linear Azimuth 3dB BW à Omnidirectional Elevations 3dB BW à 70 degrees Antenna Connector à RP-TNC Dimensions (H) à 4.5 in. Mounting à To RP-TNC Connector Frequency Range à 2400-2500 MHz Gain à 12dBi Polarization à Linear, Vertical Azimuth 3dB BW àOmnidirectional Elevation (3dB BW) à 7 degrees Antenna Connector à RP-TNC Dimensions (H x W) à 42 x 1.25 in. SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 28 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 29. Lobulos de radiación SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 29 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 30. Interrogantes comúnes • Cada cuantos metros pongo otro AP? • Que antena utilizo? • Cuantos clientes simultáneos por AP? • Es segura la conectividad inalámbrica? • La red inalámbrica va a reemplazar a la red cableada? SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 30 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 31. Soluciones OUTDOOR Infraestructura SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 31 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 32. Wireless Bridges Algunas consideraciones Debe existir linea de vista Se debe respetar la zona de fresnel La lluvia o humedad no debería afectar notoriamente al enlace Se deben tomar recaudos frente a posibles descargas eléctricas Se deberían registrar los enlaces ante la CNC SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 32 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 33. Enlaces entre sitios 50 Mbps 14 Mbps 14 Mbps •Punto a Punto •Punto - Multipunto SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 33 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 34. Soluciones OUTDOOR Productos SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 34 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 35. Cisco Aironet 1400 Series AIR-BR1410A-A-K9 AIR-BR1410A-A-K9-N • Al soportar instalción outdoor, maximiza la performance al reducir la pérdida por uso de cables de radio. • Transmit Power: 15 mW (12 dBm) - 250 mW (24 dBm) • Data rates: 6 to 54 Mbps con la mayor sensibilidad de radio del mercado • Point to point range con antena integrada de 22.5 dBi: 7.5 miles at 54 Mbps 16 miles at 9 Mbps • Point to point range con antena de 28 dBi: 12 miles at 54 Mbps 23 miles at 9 Mbps • Point to multi-point range con antena omni de 9 dBi y antena de 22.5 dBi: 2 miles at 54 Mbps 8 miles at 9 Mbps • Throughputs mayores a 28 Mbps a 7.5 miles • VoIP circuits trunked – up to 24 over PtP links SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 35 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 36. 1300 Series Access Point / Bridge • Estándar: 802.11g • Puede funcionar en modo Bridge o en modo Access Point. • Se puede limitar para permitir solo tráfico entre dos BRs, sin aceptar clientes Modelos: AIR-BR1310G-A-K9 Con antena direccional de 22.5dBi incorporada AIR-BR1310G-A-K9-R Con conectores RP-TNC para antena externa SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 36 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 37. ¿Es segura una WLAN? SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 37 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 38. Ataques a WLAN Jamming DoS (Denegación de Servicio) MITM (Man in the middle) Rogue Aps Password Attacks (Dictionary / Brute Force) SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 38 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 39. Limitaciones de la seguridad de 802.11 • Claves WEP estáticas y compartidas Administración de claves descentralizado Protección pobre contra ataques • No existe una manera efectiva de lidear con placas robadas El poseedor tiene acceso a la red. Se precisa hacer una distribución de claves nuevas a todos los dispositivos • No hay administración de usuario integrada Se necesitan DB de usuarios independientes. No se puede usar RADIUS Solo se identifica al usuario por MAC address. SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 39 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 40. Resumen de seguridad 802.11 • Los mecanismos de seguridad en la especificación 802.11 de 1997 fueron burlados Open authentication Shared key authentication WEP • Estos EN SI MISMOS no van a segurizar su red wireless SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 40 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 41. Requisitos para una WLAN segura Encryption and Data Privacy Authentication and Access Control Encryption Algorithm Message Integrity TKIP-MIC or AES-CBC-MAC Authentication Algorithm TKIP-PPK or AES-CCM Authentication Framework 802.1X/EAP LEAP, PEAP, or EAP-TLS SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 41 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 42. Seguridad WLAN 802.11 802.11i + WPA2 HAONGTAAÑO + WPA SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 42 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 43. Cisco Wireless Security Suite No Security No WEP and Broadcast Mode Public Access Basic Security Wi-Fi 40-bit, 128-bit, and Static WEP Telecommuter and Small Business Enhanced Security Dynamic Key Management System, Mutual Authentication, and 802.1x via EAP Mid-Market and Enterprise Specialized Security End-to-end security using VPN Mobile User and Public Access SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 43 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 44. Interrogantes comúnes • Cada cuantos metros pongo otro AP? • Que antena utilizo? • Cuantos clientes simultáneos por AP? • Es segura la conectividad inalámbrica? • La red inalámbrica va a reemplazar a la red cableada? SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 44 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 45. Cisco Unified Wireless Network SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 © 2005 Cisco Cisco Systems, Systems, Inc. Inc. All rights All rights reserved. reserved. Cisco Public 45 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 46. Cisco Unified Wireless Network End-to-End, Unified – Only Cisco Unified Advanced Services Unified built-in support of leading edge applications - not an after thought. Cisco Wireless Location Appliance, Cisco WCS, SDN, NAC, Wi-Fi phones, and RF firewalls. World-Class Network Management World Class NMS that visualizes and helps secure your air space. Cisco Wireless Control System (WCS) Cisco Self-Defending Network Network Unification Seamless network infrastructure across a range of platforms. Cisco 4400, 2000 Wireless LAN Controllers and Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series WiSM. Future ISR integration. Mobility Platform APs dynamically configured and managed through LWAPP. Cisco Aironet Access Points: 1500, 1300, 1240AG, 1230AG, 1130AG, and 1000. Client Devices Secure clients that work out of the box. Cisco Compatible Client Devices & Cisco Aironet clients. Future SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 46 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 47. Cisco Unified Wireless Network ¿Como funciona y que hace? SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 © 2005 Cisco Cisco Systems, Systems, Inc. Inc. All rights All rights reserved. reserved. Cisco Public 47 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 48. Real-Time RF Management Dynamic RF channel “1” Channel RF channel “2” Assignment Dynamic Power Optimization RF channel “3” Cisco Hardware Layer • Avoid interference & Improve performance • Reduce “hands on” WLAN management Cisco Aironet Access Points • Eliminate coverage holes • Optimize coverage area SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 48 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 49. Better Network Performance Dynamic Load Balancing Solving Performance & Capacity problems in high density areas (e.g. conference rooms, cafeteria)… SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 49 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 50. Better Network Performance Dynamic Load Sharing Solving Performance & Capacity problems in high density areas (e.g. conference rooms, cafeteria)… SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 50 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 51. Better Network Performance Dynamic Load Sharing Solving Performance & Capacity problems in high density areas (e.g. conference rooms, cafeteria)… SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 51 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 52. Enterprise-Class Security Cisco Self-Defending Network Threat Defense Trust and Identity Protect the Servers: • Integrated Firewalls Integrated Security Management and Control Protect Against Network-based Attacks Ø Wireless more secure than wired Defend the Applications: • Integrated Network WIDS Rogue AP Detection and Containment Signature Detection and Remediation WLAN MFP RF Jamming Remediation Verify the User and Device: • Identity-Based Networking, CSA + NAC, RF Firewall, Blacklisting Authenticate Who/What Has Access Ø Multi-layered security Ø Unification with Cisco Secure ACS, CS-MARS Ø Uniform security framework across wired and wireless network Ø Protection from unauthorized access and rogue devices Secure and Encrypt Transport: • WPA2/AES Provides Data/Voice Confidentiality • IPSec VPNs • X509 Certificates Secure Control Channel Secure Connectivity Hackers Employees SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 52 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 53. Location Tracking Services • 1ra solución integrada de localización • Servicios de localización en tiempo real • Identificación y autenticación única a través de RF • Rastreo en simultáneo de mas de 10.000 dispositivos • Aplicaciones de terceras partes (API) • Admisnistración de la capacidad de RF • Interfaz de administración gráfica intuitiva Cisco 2700 Series Wireless Location Appliance SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 53 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 54. Interrogantes comúnes • Cada cuantos metros pongo otro AP? • Que antena utilizo? • Cuantos clientes simultáneos por AP? • Es segura la conectividad inalámbrica? • La red inalámbrica va a reemplazar a la red cableada? SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 54 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 55. Más información sobre Cisco Aironet: http://www.cisco.com/go/wireless SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 55 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
  • 56. SWITCHING &WLAN © 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 56 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com