The document describes a new wireless traffic signal controller called Wi-TraC that was developed by C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram to address issues with conventional wired controllers. Wi-TraC uses a master controller and multiple slave controllers connected wirelessly rather than through buried cables. This eliminates the need to dig up roads for installation and reduces costs. If successful in trials, Wi-TraC could replace conventional traffic controllers.
Ch1 gsm “ global system for mobile communicationMohamed Shaaban
This document provides an overview of the history and fundamentals of cellular communication systems. It discusses early communication networks and switching devices. It then covers the transition to digital cellular networks and describes key technologies like FDMA, TDMA, frequency reuse, and cellular structure. The document outlines generations of cellular standards and discusses aspects of cellular networks like cell shapes, sizes, splitting, and channel allocation techniques. It also covers issues like multipath fading, Doppler shift, interference, and methods to address them.
This document provides an overview of the network architecture and signalling protocols in UMTS networks. It describes the main network elements of UTRAN, UE and CN. It explains the interfaces between these elements and the protocols used for communication, including RRC for UE-RNC signalling, RANAP for RNC-CN signalling, and NAS protocols for non-access signalling between UE and CN. It also summarizes the protocol stacks used over the Iu interfaces between RNC and CN for circuit-switched and packet-switched domains.
This document provides an overview of the key principles and components of a GSM network, including:
- The mobile station consists of the mobile equipment and subscriber identity module.
- The base station subsystem comprises the base transceiver station, which provides radio access, and the base station controller, which manages radio resources.
- The network switching subsystem includes the mobile switching center, home location register, visitor location register, and equipment identity register.
- The network uses several interfaces to connect the different components and allow mobility across the network.
Overview Of Gsm Cellular Network & OperationsDeepak Sharma
The document provides an overview of the GSM cellular network and its operations. It describes the main components including the mobile switching center (MSC), home location register (HLR), visitor location register (VLR), and authentication center (AUC). It also discusses the mobile handset, radio interface, network architecture, and how capacity is increased through frequency reuse, cell splitting, and sectoring.
This document provides an overview of wireless and mobile network architectures, including personal communication services (PCS). It discusses several cellular and cordless systems such as AMPS, GSM, IS-136, IS-95, DECT, PHS, and PACS. These systems use different multiple access techniques and spectrum to provide voice and data services connected to the public switched telephone network. The document also introduces third generation wireless systems that aim to support higher speeds and multimedia services.
The document provides guidance on designing a wireless mesh network. It discusses beginning the design process with a satellite view of the deployment area to identify the root and relay nodes. Node locations are influenced by factors like the start and end points of bandwidth, points of needed bandwidth, and limitations of antennas and mounting locations. The document also provides information on estimating node ranges using a link budget calculator and selecting appropriate antennas based on the type of deployment, such as urban, rural, harbor, campground or mining scenarios. Recommendations are given for antenna selection and channel usage to avoid signal overlap.
The document discusses the Global System for Mobiles (GSM) mobile communication technology. It describes GSM concepts like cellular structure and frequency division duplexing. It outlines the GSM network architecture including components like the mobile station, base station, base station controller, mobile switching center, home location register, and visitor location register. It also covers GSM channels, mobility management, and call management functions.
The document provides information on 2G/3G network architectures. It discusses 2G GSM network architecture including components like the BTS, BSC, MSC, VLR, HLR and interfaces like A, Abis, and GSM. It then covers GPRS and EDGE network enhancements, components like the SGSN, GGSN, and interfaces like Gn and Gi. Finally, it discusses UMTS network technologies like W-CDMA and HSDPA that improved data rates.
Ch1 gsm “ global system for mobile communicationMohamed Shaaban
This document provides an overview of the history and fundamentals of cellular communication systems. It discusses early communication networks and switching devices. It then covers the transition to digital cellular networks and describes key technologies like FDMA, TDMA, frequency reuse, and cellular structure. The document outlines generations of cellular standards and discusses aspects of cellular networks like cell shapes, sizes, splitting, and channel allocation techniques. It also covers issues like multipath fading, Doppler shift, interference, and methods to address them.
This document provides an overview of the network architecture and signalling protocols in UMTS networks. It describes the main network elements of UTRAN, UE and CN. It explains the interfaces between these elements and the protocols used for communication, including RRC for UE-RNC signalling, RANAP for RNC-CN signalling, and NAS protocols for non-access signalling between UE and CN. It also summarizes the protocol stacks used over the Iu interfaces between RNC and CN for circuit-switched and packet-switched domains.
This document provides an overview of the key principles and components of a GSM network, including:
- The mobile station consists of the mobile equipment and subscriber identity module.
- The base station subsystem comprises the base transceiver station, which provides radio access, and the base station controller, which manages radio resources.
- The network switching subsystem includes the mobile switching center, home location register, visitor location register, and equipment identity register.
- The network uses several interfaces to connect the different components and allow mobility across the network.
Overview Of Gsm Cellular Network & OperationsDeepak Sharma
The document provides an overview of the GSM cellular network and its operations. It describes the main components including the mobile switching center (MSC), home location register (HLR), visitor location register (VLR), and authentication center (AUC). It also discusses the mobile handset, radio interface, network architecture, and how capacity is increased through frequency reuse, cell splitting, and sectoring.
This document provides an overview of wireless and mobile network architectures, including personal communication services (PCS). It discusses several cellular and cordless systems such as AMPS, GSM, IS-136, IS-95, DECT, PHS, and PACS. These systems use different multiple access techniques and spectrum to provide voice and data services connected to the public switched telephone network. The document also introduces third generation wireless systems that aim to support higher speeds and multimedia services.
The document provides guidance on designing a wireless mesh network. It discusses beginning the design process with a satellite view of the deployment area to identify the root and relay nodes. Node locations are influenced by factors like the start and end points of bandwidth, points of needed bandwidth, and limitations of antennas and mounting locations. The document also provides information on estimating node ranges using a link budget calculator and selecting appropriate antennas based on the type of deployment, such as urban, rural, harbor, campground or mining scenarios. Recommendations are given for antenna selection and channel usage to avoid signal overlap.
The document discusses the Global System for Mobiles (GSM) mobile communication technology. It describes GSM concepts like cellular structure and frequency division duplexing. It outlines the GSM network architecture including components like the mobile station, base station, base station controller, mobile switching center, home location register, and visitor location register. It also covers GSM channels, mobility management, and call management functions.
The document provides information on 2G/3G network architectures. It discusses 2G GSM network architecture including components like the BTS, BSC, MSC, VLR, HLR and interfaces like A, Abis, and GSM. It then covers GPRS and EDGE network enhancements, components like the SGSN, GGSN, and interfaces like Gn and Gi. Finally, it discusses UMTS network technologies like W-CDMA and HSDPA that improved data rates.
This document provides an overview of GSM principles and network structure. It discusses key aspects of the GSM system including frequency reuse, multiple access techniques, network components, numbering plans and identifiers. The objectives are to understand the GSM system, its structure, protocols, channel combinations, radio techniques and the introduction of GPRS and EDGE. It contains detailed descriptions and illustrations of concepts such as cells, frequency division duplexing, time division multiple access, frequency planning and network interfaces.
The document provides an introduction to the GSM system including:
- A brief history of public wireless communication and the development of GSM over time from 1982 to 2008.
- An overview of key concepts in GSM including the network structure, location areas, public land mobile networks, and cells.
- A description of the main components that make up a GSM network including the network switching subsystem, base station subsystem, and mobile station.
- Details on important interfaces in GSM like Um, Abis, A, Ater and Gb.
- Features of GSM such as improved spectrum efficiency, system capacity, voice quality, open interfaces, and security features like authentication and encryption.
This document provides an overview of 3rd generation WCDMA/UMTS wireless networks. It describes the evolution from 2G to 3G networks and the key aspects of WCDMA/UMTS architecture, including the air interface, radio access network, core network and radio resource management functions such as admission control, load control, packet scheduling, handover control and power control. The document also briefly discusses additional topics such as radio network planning issues, high speed data packet access, and a comparison of WCDMA and CDMA2000.
The document discusses signaling fundamentals in a base station subsystem (BSS). It describes the A, Abis, and Um interfaces between the BSS components. The A interface uses SS7 protocol layers including the physical layer, MTP, SCCP and BSSAP. The BSSAP layer supports BSSMAP messages for connectionless and connection-oriented signaling between the BSS and MSC.
The document provides an overview of GSM networks including:
1. GSM was developed in the 1980s to standardize cellular networks in Europe and is now used globally.
2. The key components of a GSM network are the mobile station (phone), base station subsystem including base transceiver stations and base station controllers, and the network switching subsystem centered around mobile switching centers.
3. GSM uses TDMA and FDMA to allow multiple users to access the same radio channel simultaneously. It operates in the 900MHz and 1800MHz bands and supports data rates up to 9.6kbps along with services like SMS.
The document discusses several key topics in IS95 CDMA systems:
1) Orthogonal spreading sequences that have low cross-correlation and equal numbers of 1s and -1s are used to allow multiple signals to overlap in code and frequency without interfering.
2) Vocoders are used to compress speech for transmission, using techniques suitable for the limited bandwidth of wireless channels like ADPCM.
3) Power control on the forward and reverse links helps manage interference levels by adjusting mobile and base station transmission power.
4) Soft handoff allows signals from multiple base stations to be combined for better reception as a mobile moves between cells.
CDMA2000 and WCDMA are the two main 3G standards. CDMA2000 uses a 1.25 MHz bandwidth and has achieved success in markets like Korea and Japan, with over 80 million subscribers. It provides broader coverage than WCDMA which uses 5 MHz bandwidth and operates at higher frequencies. While WCDMA's initial data rate was 384 Kbps, CDMA2000's 1xEV-DO can support up to 2.4 Mbps, giving it a performance advantage currently. Both standards continue to evolve but CDMA2000 has proven successful in commercial deployments in Asia.
The document provides an overview of 2G and 3G mobile phone networks. It describes the basic network architecture including the BSS (Base Station Subsystem consisting of the BTS and BSC), the NSS core network (including the MSC, HLR, VLR, SGSN, GGSN), and their basic functions. It also defines common abbreviations like MS, BTS, BSC, MSC, SGSN, GGSN.
The document discusses the transition from GSM networks to 3G networks using UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) and W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) technology. It provides an overview of the 3 steps to transition: from current GSM networks to 2.5G networks with GPRS added, to 3G networks using UMTS and W-CDMA. Key aspects of W-CDMA such as its frequencies, multiple access techniques, and spreading codes used are summarized.
The document describes the key components and features of a mobile station. It discusses the mobile equipment (ME) which contains the radio components and allows network access. It also describes the subscriber identity module (SIM) card which provides subscriber information to allow chargeable calls and personalize the ME. It outlines the basic, supplementary and additional features a mobile station may have such as calling number display, keypad functions and short message capabilities.
Handoff, also known as handover, is the process of transferring an ongoing call or data session from one base station or access point to another without disrupting the call or data session. There are different types of handoffs including hard, soft, and softer handoffs. An efficient handoff strategy aims to perform handoffs quickly, infrequently, imperceptibly to users, and successfully. Key considerations for handoff include when to initiate a handoff, prioritizing handoff requests, and practical challenges related to factors like mobile speed and traffic levels.
CDMA systems use code division multiple access (CDMA) to allow multiple users to access the network simultaneously using the same frequency band. CDMA uses spreading codes to distinguish between users, allowing signals to overlap in both time and frequency. Key aspects of CDMA include soft handoff which provides better call quality during handoffs, rake receivers which mitigate multipath interference, and intelligent vocoders which provide high quality voice compression. CDMA networks also use power control and simple network planning to provide better coverage than comparable systems while using less infrastructure. The cdma2000 1x standard provided increased data speeds and backward compatibility with earlier CDMA networks.
CDMA allows multiple signals to occupy the same frequency channel by using unique codes to distinguish each signal. It works by converting analog voice signals to digital, encoding and channelizing the signals using codes, and transmitting the coded digital signals simultaneously over the same frequency. The receiving device uses the same codes to extract the intended signal from the multiple signals in the channel. CDMA provides advantages like increased capacity, better call quality, and lower radiation compared to other technologies.
This document provides an overview of GSM network training content that will be covered over 7 weeks. It includes training on various mobile network equipment vendors like Nokia, Siemens, Ericsson, and Motorola. For each week, it lists the components, installation requirements, procedures, troubleshooting, and key points that will be covered for both the base transceiver station and micro wave links of each vendor system. It also includes an introductory section on the evolution of mobile telephone networks and the development of GSM standards.
This document provides an overview of cellular network generations from 1G to 4G. It discusses the evolution from analog 1G networks to digital 2G networks with TDMA and CDMA. 2.5G networks brought higher data rates with technologies like GPRS. 3G networks enabled broadband data and voice over IP. 4G aims to further increase data throughput through advanced technologies like OFDMA and MC-CDMA. The document compares key technologies like GSM and CDMA, and discusses cellular standards, network architectures, applications and the transition from older to newer generations.
Implementation Of Bss And Nss In Mobile CommunicationRajan Kumar
The document discusses the Base Station Subsystem (BSS) and Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS) in mobile communications. The BSS connects the mobile station to the NSS and consists of the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) and Base Station Controller (BSC). The NSS includes the Mobile services Switching Center (MSC), Home Location Register (HLR), and Visitor Location Register (VLR). Together, the BSS and NSS provide critical functions such as mobility management, call control, and short message services that enable mobile communication.
Introduction to GSM - an Overview of Global System for Mobile Communicationiptvmagazine
This slideshow explains the basic components, technologies used, and operation of Global System for Mobile Communication - GSM - systems. You will discover the evolution of GSM; 1st generation analog systems, 2nd generation GSM systems (digital voice), 3rd generation multimedia, and 4th generation wideband ultra broadband systems.
You will learn the key system components and basic services that GSM systems can provide. Discover the types of GSM devices which include mobile telephones, wireless PCMCIA cards, embedded radio modules, and external radio modems. The different types of services are described including voice services, data services, and messaging services.
Learn about the physical and logical radio channel structures of the GSM system along with the basic frame and slot structures. The operation of the GSM radio channels are explained including channel coding, modulation types, speech coding, RF power control, and mobile assisted handover. GSM radio channel have 8 time slots per frame and that some of these are used for signaling (control channels) and others are used for user traffic (voice and data).
The document discusses key concepts in GSM cellular networks including:
1. An overview of GSM including its definition, phases, specifications, system architecture, network areas, and advantages over analog systems.
2. Cell planning principles such as types of cells, the planning process, and cell clusters.
3. Frequency reuse which allows frequencies to be reused in different cells to improve capacity, with an example shown.
This document provides an overview of the architecture and interfaces of the GSM mobile network. It discusses the key components and their functions:
The Base Station Subsystem (BSS) manages radio transmissions between mobile stations and the core network. The Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS) manages communications and connects mobile stations to other networks. The Operational Support System (OSS) provides control and management of the network. [/SUMMARY]
The document provides an overview of the Global System for Mobile (GSM) network structure. It describes the basic nodes that compose the GSM network including the mobile station, base station subsystem consisting of base transceiver stations and base station controllers, and the network switching subsystem containing elements like the mobile switching center, home location register, and visitor location register. It also outlines the services offered in GSM like teleservices, bearer services, and supplementary services.
IEC61850: Use of IEC61850 to telecontrol MV grids (Article)iGrid T&D
This document discusses using IEC-61850 standards to remotely control medium voltage grids. It describes how TCP/IP networks allow integration of both private networks like Ethernet and TETRA, as well as public networks like GPRS and UMTS. IEC-61850 provides benefits for remote control by enabling data sharing between devices using common protocols. The document focuses on how IEC-61850 can be applied to remotely monitor and control MV switchgear using MMS, as well as for over-current fault detection. Short term challenges include retrofitting existing facilities and Control Centers supporting many IEC-61850 connections.
This document provides an overview of GSM principles and network structure. It discusses key aspects of the GSM system including frequency reuse, multiple access techniques, network components, numbering plans and identifiers. The objectives are to understand the GSM system, its structure, protocols, channel combinations, radio techniques and the introduction of GPRS and EDGE. It contains detailed descriptions and illustrations of concepts such as cells, frequency division duplexing, time division multiple access, frequency planning and network interfaces.
The document provides an introduction to the GSM system including:
- A brief history of public wireless communication and the development of GSM over time from 1982 to 2008.
- An overview of key concepts in GSM including the network structure, location areas, public land mobile networks, and cells.
- A description of the main components that make up a GSM network including the network switching subsystem, base station subsystem, and mobile station.
- Details on important interfaces in GSM like Um, Abis, A, Ater and Gb.
- Features of GSM such as improved spectrum efficiency, system capacity, voice quality, open interfaces, and security features like authentication and encryption.
This document provides an overview of 3rd generation WCDMA/UMTS wireless networks. It describes the evolution from 2G to 3G networks and the key aspects of WCDMA/UMTS architecture, including the air interface, radio access network, core network and radio resource management functions such as admission control, load control, packet scheduling, handover control and power control. The document also briefly discusses additional topics such as radio network planning issues, high speed data packet access, and a comparison of WCDMA and CDMA2000.
The document discusses signaling fundamentals in a base station subsystem (BSS). It describes the A, Abis, and Um interfaces between the BSS components. The A interface uses SS7 protocol layers including the physical layer, MTP, SCCP and BSSAP. The BSSAP layer supports BSSMAP messages for connectionless and connection-oriented signaling between the BSS and MSC.
The document provides an overview of GSM networks including:
1. GSM was developed in the 1980s to standardize cellular networks in Europe and is now used globally.
2. The key components of a GSM network are the mobile station (phone), base station subsystem including base transceiver stations and base station controllers, and the network switching subsystem centered around mobile switching centers.
3. GSM uses TDMA and FDMA to allow multiple users to access the same radio channel simultaneously. It operates in the 900MHz and 1800MHz bands and supports data rates up to 9.6kbps along with services like SMS.
The document discusses several key topics in IS95 CDMA systems:
1) Orthogonal spreading sequences that have low cross-correlation and equal numbers of 1s and -1s are used to allow multiple signals to overlap in code and frequency without interfering.
2) Vocoders are used to compress speech for transmission, using techniques suitable for the limited bandwidth of wireless channels like ADPCM.
3) Power control on the forward and reverse links helps manage interference levels by adjusting mobile and base station transmission power.
4) Soft handoff allows signals from multiple base stations to be combined for better reception as a mobile moves between cells.
CDMA2000 and WCDMA are the two main 3G standards. CDMA2000 uses a 1.25 MHz bandwidth and has achieved success in markets like Korea and Japan, with over 80 million subscribers. It provides broader coverage than WCDMA which uses 5 MHz bandwidth and operates at higher frequencies. While WCDMA's initial data rate was 384 Kbps, CDMA2000's 1xEV-DO can support up to 2.4 Mbps, giving it a performance advantage currently. Both standards continue to evolve but CDMA2000 has proven successful in commercial deployments in Asia.
The document provides an overview of 2G and 3G mobile phone networks. It describes the basic network architecture including the BSS (Base Station Subsystem consisting of the BTS and BSC), the NSS core network (including the MSC, HLR, VLR, SGSN, GGSN), and their basic functions. It also defines common abbreviations like MS, BTS, BSC, MSC, SGSN, GGSN.
The document discusses the transition from GSM networks to 3G networks using UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) and W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) technology. It provides an overview of the 3 steps to transition: from current GSM networks to 2.5G networks with GPRS added, to 3G networks using UMTS and W-CDMA. Key aspects of W-CDMA such as its frequencies, multiple access techniques, and spreading codes used are summarized.
The document describes the key components and features of a mobile station. It discusses the mobile equipment (ME) which contains the radio components and allows network access. It also describes the subscriber identity module (SIM) card which provides subscriber information to allow chargeable calls and personalize the ME. It outlines the basic, supplementary and additional features a mobile station may have such as calling number display, keypad functions and short message capabilities.
Handoff, also known as handover, is the process of transferring an ongoing call or data session from one base station or access point to another without disrupting the call or data session. There are different types of handoffs including hard, soft, and softer handoffs. An efficient handoff strategy aims to perform handoffs quickly, infrequently, imperceptibly to users, and successfully. Key considerations for handoff include when to initiate a handoff, prioritizing handoff requests, and practical challenges related to factors like mobile speed and traffic levels.
CDMA systems use code division multiple access (CDMA) to allow multiple users to access the network simultaneously using the same frequency band. CDMA uses spreading codes to distinguish between users, allowing signals to overlap in both time and frequency. Key aspects of CDMA include soft handoff which provides better call quality during handoffs, rake receivers which mitigate multipath interference, and intelligent vocoders which provide high quality voice compression. CDMA networks also use power control and simple network planning to provide better coverage than comparable systems while using less infrastructure. The cdma2000 1x standard provided increased data speeds and backward compatibility with earlier CDMA networks.
CDMA allows multiple signals to occupy the same frequency channel by using unique codes to distinguish each signal. It works by converting analog voice signals to digital, encoding and channelizing the signals using codes, and transmitting the coded digital signals simultaneously over the same frequency. The receiving device uses the same codes to extract the intended signal from the multiple signals in the channel. CDMA provides advantages like increased capacity, better call quality, and lower radiation compared to other technologies.
This document provides an overview of GSM network training content that will be covered over 7 weeks. It includes training on various mobile network equipment vendors like Nokia, Siemens, Ericsson, and Motorola. For each week, it lists the components, installation requirements, procedures, troubleshooting, and key points that will be covered for both the base transceiver station and micro wave links of each vendor system. It also includes an introductory section on the evolution of mobile telephone networks and the development of GSM standards.
This document provides an overview of cellular network generations from 1G to 4G. It discusses the evolution from analog 1G networks to digital 2G networks with TDMA and CDMA. 2.5G networks brought higher data rates with technologies like GPRS. 3G networks enabled broadband data and voice over IP. 4G aims to further increase data throughput through advanced technologies like OFDMA and MC-CDMA. The document compares key technologies like GSM and CDMA, and discusses cellular standards, network architectures, applications and the transition from older to newer generations.
Implementation Of Bss And Nss In Mobile CommunicationRajan Kumar
The document discusses the Base Station Subsystem (BSS) and Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS) in mobile communications. The BSS connects the mobile station to the NSS and consists of the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) and Base Station Controller (BSC). The NSS includes the Mobile services Switching Center (MSC), Home Location Register (HLR), and Visitor Location Register (VLR). Together, the BSS and NSS provide critical functions such as mobility management, call control, and short message services that enable mobile communication.
Introduction to GSM - an Overview of Global System for Mobile Communicationiptvmagazine
This slideshow explains the basic components, technologies used, and operation of Global System for Mobile Communication - GSM - systems. You will discover the evolution of GSM; 1st generation analog systems, 2nd generation GSM systems (digital voice), 3rd generation multimedia, and 4th generation wideband ultra broadband systems.
You will learn the key system components and basic services that GSM systems can provide. Discover the types of GSM devices which include mobile telephones, wireless PCMCIA cards, embedded radio modules, and external radio modems. The different types of services are described including voice services, data services, and messaging services.
Learn about the physical and logical radio channel structures of the GSM system along with the basic frame and slot structures. The operation of the GSM radio channels are explained including channel coding, modulation types, speech coding, RF power control, and mobile assisted handover. GSM radio channel have 8 time slots per frame and that some of these are used for signaling (control channels) and others are used for user traffic (voice and data).
The document discusses key concepts in GSM cellular networks including:
1. An overview of GSM including its definition, phases, specifications, system architecture, network areas, and advantages over analog systems.
2. Cell planning principles such as types of cells, the planning process, and cell clusters.
3. Frequency reuse which allows frequencies to be reused in different cells to improve capacity, with an example shown.
This document provides an overview of the architecture and interfaces of the GSM mobile network. It discusses the key components and their functions:
The Base Station Subsystem (BSS) manages radio transmissions between mobile stations and the core network. The Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS) manages communications and connects mobile stations to other networks. The Operational Support System (OSS) provides control and management of the network. [/SUMMARY]
The document provides an overview of the Global System for Mobile (GSM) network structure. It describes the basic nodes that compose the GSM network including the mobile station, base station subsystem consisting of base transceiver stations and base station controllers, and the network switching subsystem containing elements like the mobile switching center, home location register, and visitor location register. It also outlines the services offered in GSM like teleservices, bearer services, and supplementary services.
IEC61850: Use of IEC61850 to telecontrol MV grids (Article)iGrid T&D
This document discusses using IEC-61850 standards to remotely control medium voltage grids. It describes how TCP/IP networks allow integration of both private networks like Ethernet and TETRA, as well as public networks like GPRS and UMTS. IEC-61850 provides benefits for remote control by enabling data sharing between devices using common protocols. The document focuses on how IEC-61850 can be applied to remotely monitor and control MV switchgear using MMS, as well as for over-current fault detection. Short term challenges include retrofitting existing facilities and Control Centers supporting many IEC-61850 connections.
Overview of handover decision strategies in heterogeneous networks by narendr...Narendra Prajapati
The availability of diverse wireless access technologies such as (Wi-Fi), (WiMAX), and (UMTS) allows users to stay “always on” in fast roaming too using IEEE802.21.
Vertical handovers had made possible for user to transfer itself to other technology service without disturbances in ongoing process.
Its is known that security problems in GSM authentication when it comes to high speed moving users, because of there frequent change of cell sites.
Handover could be horizontal or vertical and per user requirement. MIH (media independent handover) though provide vertical handover but on other hand 802.11had provided us fast and secure connection oriented handover from one access point to another with in same mobility domain.
Thus feature of security and authentication is integrated with handover for user security.
What are heterogeneous networks?
Evolutions of Generations
The Cellular GSM Transitions
Overview of 4G Communications
Concept of Handover /Handoff
Handovers distinguished according to criteria
The Vertical handover IEEE 802.21 & its phases.
VHO Management procedures
Requirements of Handover mechanism in heterogeneous networks
Performance evaluation (Technology )
Performance evaluation in Handover mechanisms
BIAC Broadband is an engineering and broadband solutions provider with expertise in fiber optic network design, buildout, and management. They have a large skilled workforce and experience nationwide in the US and Canada. The document discusses BIAC's capabilities including system engineering, proven track record with customers like MasTec, and hybrid fiber network planning, design, construction and management services.
ADVANCED RAILWAY SECURITY SYSTEM (ARSS) BASED ON ZIGBEE COMMUNICATION FOR TRA...rashmimabattin28
The principle point of this paper is to build up an inserted framework to distinguishing rail track flaw sending message to close station utilizing ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGY.
Advanced railway security system (arss) based on zigbee communication for tra...rashmimabattin28
The principle point of this paper is to build up an inserted framework to distinguishing rail track flaw sending message to close station utilizing ZIGBEE
The document discusses how satellite technology plays a major role in supporting the growing Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine to Machine (M2M) connectivity needs, especially in remote locations. It provides an overview of how ST Engineering iDirect's Dialog platform establishes always-on connectivity between remote terminals and networks to enable real-time monitoring and control capabilities for applications such as oil/gas pipelines, smart grids, and environmental monitoring. Key features highlighted include quality of service, security, high availability, scalability, fast deployment, and low power consumption.
IRJET- Underground Cable Fault Detection and Transmission of Intimation t...IRJET Journal
This document describes a system to detect faults in underground cable lines using a wireless underground sensor network (WUSN). Current sensors connected to the underground cables monitor the current flow and transmit data to an Arduino microcontroller. The microcontroller detects any faults and sends the information wirelessly through the soil to a receiver using the moisture in the soil as a transmission medium. The receiver is connected to a PC which displays the cable status and identifies the specific node where a fault is detected. The system aims to efficiently locate underground cable faults in a cost-effective manner without using harmful radiation.
This document discusses a power line communication system for vehicles that allows in-vehicle communication by transmitting sensor messages and data over existing 12-volt power wires, eliminating the need for additional signal wires. Currently, vehicles have extensive wiring harnesses that add weight and complexity. The proposed power line communication system would reduce the number of wires needed and associated weight and costs. It describes the basic system components, including a transmitter that would send sensor and switch data signals over the power line, and a receiver to extract and receive the data signals. Experimental results showed the feasibility of transmitting sensor data counts over the in-vehicle power line with only a small tolerance error in the received data. The system has potential to enable additional safety and communication features while
The document discusses implementing a Smart Communication System (SCS) using digital power line carrier (DPLC) technology to integrate traditional telecommunication networks with modern IP-based networks for electrical utilities. By using DPLC terminals with routing capabilities, the SCS can provide automatic switching between different communication links, such as fiber, radio, and power lines, to transport both TDM and IP protocols in a hybrid network with increased reliability compared to traditional linear networks. The SCS allows the electrical grid's inherent mesh structure to be leveraged for packet switching independent of the underlying technology of each individual link.
1) A wireless sensor network of 45 nodes has been designed and deployed in a substation to monitor equipment health.
2) The network monitors transformer and circuit breaker surface temperatures, as well as transformer bushing voltages.
3) Early results show the solar-powered nodes can reliably transmit data, with batteries lasting over 8 months in some cases.
The design and implementation of power earth line monitoring systemsudhakar5472
The document describes a proposed power earth-line monitoring system that uses GSM communications to collect, record, and display physical parameters of earth lines during power line construction and maintenance. The existing manual earth line inspection system is time-consuming and difficult for fault identification. The proposed system addresses this by using an intelligent earth monitor connected to a GSM modem to transmit earth line state data via short messages. When installed, it can detect if the earth line is connected or disconnected and display this information at a remote monitoring center. The system has hardware components like a microcontroller, sensors, and GSM modem and requires software like Embedded C and a VB program for monitoring.
This document discusses broadband powerline communication (BPL) networks and analyzing them using Wireshark software. BPL uses power lines to transmit high-speed digital data over long distances. Wireshark is an open-source network packet analyzer that can be used to capture network traffic from BPL systems and compare parameters between different sites. It allows viewing detailed protocol information and statistics to troubleshoot network problems. While BPL and Wireshark have benefits, power line networks can be noisy and transformers may block high frequency signals, requiring repeaters. Electromagnetic compatibility is also a challenge for effective BPL deployment.
- Guided configuration
- Online help
Network view:
- Site hierarchy
- RET system status
Alarm monitoring:
- Real-time alarms
- Alarm history
Configuration:
- RET parameters
- SNMP settings
Reports:
- Statistics
- Configuration export
Tools:
- Firmware update
- Diagnostics
The ASM is a powerful tool for network operators to
remotely monitor and control RET systems. It pro-
vides a consolidated view of the entire network and
delivers real-time alarms.
For further information please contact your local
Kathrein sales representative or check our website
www.kathrein.de.
Kath
[whitepaper] Cellular Technology simplifies Smart Water Meter Deployments Orange Business Services
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strong security, and a comprehensive device-to-cloud solution, a joint solution from Sierra
Wireless and Orange can help OEMs capitalize on this growing global market and help
optimize the world’s water supply.
A CAN BUS BASED SYSTEM FOR MONITORING AND FAULT DIAGNOSIS IN WIND TURBINE Own preparations
A CAN based architecture is designed for the purpose of intensive monitoring and fault diagnosis in wind turbine. It provides a full automation system. CAN (Controller Area Network) Bus is a high speed serial data bus with high transmission rate. CAN Bus interface technique with an integration of electro-mechanical subsystems that embeds network control systems is proposed along with ARM controller to monitor and diagnose the problems in the wind turbine application. CAN BUS will enable the data transmission between two units at the same time without any disturbances. The transmission time of data is decreased with this CAN protocol. ARM core1 (LPC2148) interfaced with CAN transceiver and wind turbine sensing units. ARM core2 is interfaced with fault diagnose and monitoring section. Weather Condition (WC) monitoring and Generation Voltage (GV) display is also added in this design. Data acquisition node collects the sensed data through CAN protocol. This technique reduces the possibility of fault and increase the monitoring of wind turbine.
This document describes a project to provide LTE coverage for forest surveillance over mountainous rural areas in Greece. The technical requests include checking for temperature/gas/fire alerts and video confirmations, using an all-in-one board architecture with autonomous solar or PoE power. The solution will connect sensor probes through LTE TDD at 3.6 GHz to a main server using a C-RAN architecture with Huawei equipment. TTI bundling will be activated to improve performance at the cell edge.
The GE Multilin Intelligent Line Monitoring System provides utilities with actionable intelligence through advanced analytics. It enables maximum network throughput, reduces outage duration through accurate fault location identification, and optimizes maintenance activities. The end-to-end solution installs sensors that monitor current, temperature, and weather to determine line capacity and faults. Its dynamic line rating, fault notification, and maintenance optimization features help utilities improve reliability and efficiency.
Mesh radio networks provide a solution for advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) by enabling highly responsive bi-directional communication, high data throughput, and lower deployment and operational costs compared to other options. Real-world deployments in China demonstrate the benefits of mesh radio networks in addressing the challenges of a harsh environment. Specifically, RobuNet mesh networks have been successfully deployed across several Chinese provinces and provide excellent performance in meter reading, response times, and simplifying installation and maintenance. The networks are also designed to support additional functions like remote prepayment and tamper detection.
This document discusses communications network requirements for substation automation. It describes how utilities are adopting IP and Ethernet-based intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) to improve grid performance and efficiency. This requires new communications network infrastructures within substations and between substations and control centers to handle increased traffic. The document outlines architectures that segment intra-substation and wide area network communications according to standards like IEC 61850. It also provides an example case study of a smart substation project in France where Nokia is implementing digital substations for grid improvements.
This document is a motorcycle rider's handbook that provides guidance on licensing requirements, safe riding techniques, road rules, and motorcycle maintenance in New South Wales, Australia. It discusses the graduated licensing system, required training and testing. It also covers topics like protective gear, hazard avoidance, braking, turning, and group riding. The handbook emphasizes that motorcycling can be fun but is also hazardous, so riders need specific skills and full attention to ride safely. It aims to help readers develop fundamental skills and understand their responsibility for safety.
This document is a handbook that provides guidance for heavy vehicle drivers on obtaining licenses, managing driver health and fatigue, safe driving techniques, and road rules specific to heavy vehicles. It discusses getting the appropriate license class, medical requirements, learning to drive, and competency assessments. It also covers fatigue management, work and rest options, alcohol and drug policies, and record keeping requirements. The handbook provides an overview of basic driving skills like vehicle control, hill driving, and braking. It outlines heavy vehicle-specific road rules regarding speed limits, intersections, overtaking, parking, and restricted areas. The intended purpose is to help heavy vehicle drivers understand the regulations and skills needed for safe professional operation.
This document is the Roads and Maritime Services' Road Users' Handbook, which provides guidance on NSW road rules, vehicle registration, and penalties for driving offenses. It aims to help both new and experienced drivers by explaining road safety practices and licensing requirements. The handbook covers topics like licensing classes in NSW, the Graduated Licensing Scheme for new drivers, road sharing responsibilities, and techniques for safe and low-risk driving. It emphasizes that road safety is a shared responsibility for all road users.
Over 600,000 accidents occur each year in the US due to lane changes. The author recommends keeping side mirrors at a 90 degree angle rather than facing the side of the vehicle to improve visibility and reduce blind spots. This allows drivers to see other vehicles longer and spot potential hazards faster, helping to avoid accidents when changing lanes. The document provides tips on adjusting side mirrors for better visibility and defensive driving.
Tires are a vital but often overlooked component of vehicles. This document outlines important safety information about tires, including that tires expire 4 years after manufacture, proper inflation is essential to prevent overheating, and exceeding load or speed ratings can lead to failure. Key details to check on tires are the date of manufacture, recommended pressure, traction, treadwear, load capacity, speed rating, and temperature resistance. Maintaining safe tires is important for preventing accidents.
This document provides a summary of hazard perception skills and strategies for provisional drivers. It discusses the top crash types for provisional drivers, including failing to give way, loss of control, and speed-related crashes. It also describes how to develop strong hazard perception abilities through practicing skills like maintaining safe distances from other vehicles, selecting safe gaps in traffic, and paying extra attention to vulnerable road users. The goal is to help new drivers recognize hazards early and avoid accidents by developing their hazard perception skills.
This document provides a 3-part handbook for driver qualification and hazard perception. Part 1 provides background information on crash patterns, how the Driver Qualification Test works, and special needs options. Part 2 covers understanding and managing driving risk, including topics like alcohol, drugs, fatigue, distractions, and risk factors. Part 3 reviews hazard perception skills like maintaining safe distances, speed control, gap selection, scanning techniques. The goal is to help drivers understand risks and develop skills to promote safer driving.
Drink driving is a major factor in fatal crashes in NSW, impairing drivers' abilities and increasing their risk of accidents. Alcohol consumption reduces drivers' coordination, judgment, and reaction time, even at low levels, and penalties for drink driving offenses are severe. The document provides information on how alcohol affects driving abilities, legal blood alcohol limits, penalties for offenses, and tips for staying safe by planning transportation if consuming alcohol.
The document discusses indigenous intelligent transportation systems (ITS) solutions developed by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC). It summarizes several ITS products including area traffic control systems, wireless traffic control systems, intelligent parking management systems, and red light violation detection systems. It also provides details on C-DAC's implementation of these solutions in cities across India and the benefits realized, such as reduced delays and fuel savings.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Skybuffer AI: Advanced Conversational and Generative AI Solution on SAP Busin...Tatiana Kojar
Skybuffer AI, built on the robust SAP Business Technology Platform (SAP BTP), is the latest and most advanced version of our AI development, reaffirming our commitment to delivering top-tier AI solutions. Skybuffer AI harnesses all the innovative capabilities of the SAP BTP in the AI domain, from Conversational AI to cutting-edge Generative AI and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). It also helps SAP customers safeguard their investments into SAP Conversational AI and ensure a seamless, one-click transition to SAP Business AI.
With Skybuffer AI, various AI models can be integrated into a single communication channel such as Microsoft Teams. This integration empowers business users with insights drawn from SAP backend systems, enterprise documents, and the expansive knowledge of Generative AI. And the best part of it is that it is all managed through our intuitive no-code Action Server interface, requiring no extensive coding knowledge and making the advanced AI accessible to more users.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Letter and Document Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Sol...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on automated letter generation for Bonterra Impact Management using Google Workspace or Microsoft 365.
Interested in deploying letter generation automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAU
Wireless traffic controller
1. NEW TECHNOLOGY
Intelligent Wireless Traffic Signal Controller
Why Dig Roads
If you can install them in air?
C-DAC Thiruvananthapuram has deployed Wi-TraC, a wireless traffic signal controller developed by it, at one of the
busy junctions in Thiruvanthapuram on a trial basis. If this proves successful, the problems posed by the conventional
traffic signal controllers might become a thing of the past.
C
-DAC Thiruvananthapuram has developed a 2’x 2’x 3’ pedestal on the pavement. This normally
Wireless Traffic Signal Controller (Wi-TraC) obstructs pedestrian movement. Further, in a con-
with distinct advantages over conventional ventional traffic controller all the signal lamps or
traffic signal controllers. The impetus for developing poles are physically linked to the control electronics
the Wi-TraC has been the increasing problems with through copper cables. This requires digging one-
conventional controllers. Due to the tremendous in- foot wide and one-and-a-half foot deep ducts across
crease in vehicles, number of roads and the number the road from the traffic controller equipment to
of road intersections, the need for traffic controllers the signal poles, installing Hume pipes in the ducts
is increasing every day. But installing conventional, and pulling multi-core armoured cable through the
wired traffic controllers is difficult for the agencies pipes. Often, this process damages good roads, se-
involved. riously affecting their life span. Disturbance to road
users, both drivers and pedestrians, and possibil-
The traditional way of installing conventional traf-
ity of damaging other utilities such as telephone
fic controllers is to mount the controller box on a
cables, electric cables and water lines are other
2 TrafficInfraTech • December ’11 - January ’12 • www.trafficinfratech.com
2. NEW TECHNOLOGY
Controller
Hume Pipe
Armoured
Cable
Figure 3: Traditional
way of installing Traffic
Signal Controllers
Figure 1: Conventional Traffic Signal Controller installed on the pavement
hazards. Added to this is the fact that The Wi-TraC wireless traffic controller, features, energy efficiency and size.
digging of roads during monsoon is often developed with funding from Department Since it is small and pole mountable, it
very difficult, if not impossible. Acquiring of Technology (DIT), eliminates most of does not occupy any space on the pave-
permissions from various local authorities these problems. It is an Area Traffic Con- ment. It is in fact a cost effective solution
for digging the roads is another hurdle. A trol System (ATCS) compatible Vehicle for all the issues listed above – no dig-
principal reason for the high cost of install- Actuated (VA) road traffic signal control- ging, no Hume pipes and no armoured
ing conventional traffic signal controllers is ler, the most sophisticated of its class. It cables. The Wi-TraC is designed to oper-
the extensive digging and cable work re- has many advantages over conventional ate on solar power. It has GPS enabled
quired. traffic controllers in terms of functional Real-time Clock (RTC) for distributed
time synchronisation. The result is easy
installation, high availability (no cable
Figure 2: Wi-TraC Master and Slave Controller installed on signal poles
faults or RTC corruption) and less cost
of installation.
The Wi-TraC is a 32-bit microcontroller-
based intelligent road traffic controller
with a distributed architecture. It consists
of a master controller and a number of
slave controllers. The traffic junction plan
resides in the master controller. Every is-
land or signal pole has a slave controller.
The signal lamps are driven from the mas-
ter controller and the slave controller of
the respective signal poles. The number of
slave controllers required depends on the
junction geometry, e.g. for a four-arm traf-
fic intersection, one master controller and
three slave controllers will be required. The
Wi-TraC can support up to 16 slave con-
trollers. The master-slave communication
is done on the 2.4 GHz license-free band.
In situations where signals are jammed on
the 2.4GHz band, the Wi-TraC automati-
cally switches to the backup frequency of
868MHz that is also license-free.
www.trafficinfratech.com • December ’11 - January ’12 • TrafficInfraTech 3
3. NEW TECHNOLOGY
Figure 4: Damaged
The Wi-TraC user interface contains a
pavement due to 20x4 LCD display and a 5x4 keypad. Traf-
traffic signal fic plan data is entered through the user
installation
interface or with a laptop or, if networked
to the traffic monitoring centre, down-
loaded from the remote computer. Wi-TraC
has 16 optically isolated vehicle detector
interfaces compatible with both inductive
loop detection and camera based virtual
loop detection – the most common meth-
ods of vehicle detection. The GPS enabled
RTC ensures accurate real-time clock to
synchronise with the adjacent intersec-
tion controller. Police personnel can use
the wireless police panel interface to put
the traffic lights at the intersection in flash
mode, manual mode and hurry call mode
or they can even turn off the lights with
a hand-held remote control. The Wi-TraC
supports PC interface for reading and writ-
ing plans and configurations. It is also pos-
sible to do the plan editing remotely from
the ATCS.
The Wi-TraC consumes significantly less
power than solar powered conventional traf-
fic controllers too because it operates on 12V
DC whereas conventional controllers operate
on 24V DC. The size of the Wi-TraC panel
is also much smaller as a consequence. An-
other important feature of the Wi-TraC is its
ability to control intensity of the signal lamps
through Pulse Width Modulation (PWM).
Luminosity designed for daytime, operation
of signal lamps can be quite disturbing for
motorists during night. But with the Wi-
TraC, the intensity of the signal lamps can
be decreased during night as they can be
programmed to operate with different signal
intensities depending on the ambient light.
This also helps in saving a significant amount
of power. Moreover, since Wi-TraC does not
use armoured cable for interconnecting the
master controller and the signal heads, an
average saving of 30% to 40% in civil work,
Figure 5: Wireless and laying of cables, pipes and conduits has
Traffic Controller
Architecture
been envisaged compared to the convention-
al traffic signal installation.
For switching the signal lamps, the mas- packets, the master controller retransmits
Modes of Operation
ter controller establishes communication the commands. When the master control-
link with the slave controllers by sending ler fails, all slaves go into Flashing Yellow The Wi-TraC supports the following
wireless ping commands. An acknowledge- mode after a preset time-out period. In modes of operation
ment received from the slave controller in- case of failure of any slave controller, all
Fixed: The input signals from the vehicle
dicates that the link has been established. other slaves and the master go into Flash-
detection system are ignored in this mode.
The master controller then sends informa- ing Yellow mode and this information is
The controller will operate with fixed time
tion of the lamp outputs to the slave con- logged locally as well as sent to the remote
periods from the timetable. The controller
troller whenever a stage change occurs. server (if linked to the traffic monitoring
always starts from Stage 1 on restart.
The slave controller decodes the logic and centre) for taking action. All packets of
switches on the lamp as per the pattern communication are encrypted by 128 bit Vehicle Actuated: The Vehicle Actuated
of commands received. In case of dropped AES (Advanced Encryption Standard). strategy allocates green time to a running
4 TrafficInfraTech • December ’11 - January ’12 • www.trafficinfratech.com
4. NEW TECHNOLOGY
phase within the constraints of a fixed mini- The Vehicle phase contains three signal plan time or on hardware failure will force
mum and maximum green time setting for aspects, viz. red, amber and green. The the signals into Flashing Amber.
the phase. This depends on the real-time termination of vehicle phase is always with
Start Amber Plan: The Start Amber is a
demand reported by the vehicle detectors. amber. The sequence of signal switching
programmable interval for a period of five
With fully actuated control, all signal phases is red-green-amber-red. The Pedestrian
to 10 seconds. The Start Amber executes
are actuated and all signalised movements phase contains two signal aspects, viz.
the Flashing signal for the programmed
require detection. red and green. The termination of pedes-
interval followed by All Red when the Wi-
trian phase can be either red flash or green
ATCS: The controller will execute the sig- TraC powers up.
flash. The sequence of signal switching is
nal timing proposed by the ATCS server.
red-green-red flash or green flash-red. Red Extension Plan: When a right-of-
Coordinated (Cable-less): The Cable- way is terminated, opening of the next right-
The Filter green phase provides signal
less Linking Facility allows a method of co- of-way is delayed by a time period called
for the right turning traffic. When linked
ordinating traffic signals along a route and/ Red Extension. With no continuing phase,
with a vehicle phase the termination of fil-
or in an area using timing information. The this gives an effect of all red between stage
ter green is blackout. Otherwise, it flashes
Distributed Time Synchronisation (DTS) is changes. The Red Extension gives an ad-
for a few seconds before termination. The
achieved by GPS enabled Real-time Clock ditional clearance time after the Amber. The
Indicative green phase is a continuously
in the controller. Red Extension is a programmable period of
flashing signal which provides signal for
zero to five seconds.
Manual: Manual operation of the traffic the left turning traffic. The termination of
signal stage sequence is required to cater indicative green is always blackout. The Wi-TraC keeps an error log and reports
to situations such as abnormal congestion, error like lamp failure, output short circuit,
Dummy Phase is a filter to manage the
accidents, breakdowns and other special green-green conflict, detector failure, com-
lane change at the detection zone in Ve-
occasions. In Manual mode the stages ap- munication failure and power failure. Both
hicle Actuated mode of signal operation.
pear in the order specified in the timetable Master and Slave controllers are pole mount-
This is not associated with any signal lamp
with time periods defined by the person able in IP65 compliant cabinet. The system
but the signal timing is based on the detec-
manning the junction. provides easy access to the user interface
tion input to the Dummy phase.
and control electronics for enhanced service-
Hurry Call: The purpose of Hurry Call is
32 – Stage Plan: A stage can primar- ability. Provision to house vehicle detectors
to give prioritised right of way to certain
ily be considered as a condition of traffic inside the cabinet is also available.
vehicles on demand. A maximum of four
lights during a period of the cycle, which
hurry calls can be predefined in the sys- The trial results have been favourable
gives right-of-way to one or more traffic
tem, and are activated through switches and satisfactory for using Wi-TraC in 24x7
movements.
on the police control panel. operations. C-DAC also plans to install Wi-
24 - Cycle Plan: Cycle is a scheme in TraC at Pune in the near future.
Flash Mode: In the Flash mode, selected
which stages are given some fixed order.
lamps are made to flash. The lamps can
be amber, red or a combination of both. 20 - Day Plan: Day Plan is the distribu-
This mode can be selected either through tion of cycle plans for a particular day.
timetable or by control switch.
4 - Week Plan: Week Plan is the distri-
Signal Plans bution of available day plans for a week.
The Wi-TraC supports various signal 20 - Special Day plan: Holidays fall-
P Ravikumar
plans as listed below: ing on normal weekdays can be treated
Joint Director, CDAC
as special days and can have a different
32 - Phase Plan: A Phase is a right-of- Thiruvananthapuram
day plan, selected from the available day
way signal that is defined by one, two or
plans.
three signal lights.
All Red Plan: A condition when only
S. Phase Symbol No. of red aspects are displayed. The All Red is
Group
No Type Lamps executed when an abrupt signal change R Prakash
1 Vehicle V 3 × × ×
is required (e.g. power up, flash-to-signal,
Senior Engineer, CDAC
manual-to-auto, hurry call-to-auto, etc).
This is a programmable interval from 0 to Thiruvananthapuram
2 Pedes- P 2 × ×
trian 5 seconds.
3 Filter F 1 × Conflict Plan: Any two phases that are (The authors wish to acknowledge the valu-
Green able help received from the Department of In-
not allowed simultaneously are defined as formation Technology, Ministry of Communica-
4 Indicative I 1 × conflicting phases. The Conflict plan is a tions & Information Technology, Govt. of India,
Green listing of all conflicting groups. The system Traffic Signals Division, KELTRON, Trivandrum
supports listing of all possible conflicting and Thiruvananthapuram Road Development
5 Dummy D 0
Company Limited (TRDCL) in the development
phases. A conflict detected either at the of Wi-TraC).
www.trafficinfratech.com • December ’11 - January ’12 • TrafficInfraTech 5