Windows 8 is a personal computer operating system released in 2012. It introduced a new touch-optimized interface and integration with online services. Key features include interactive tiles on the Start screen providing updated information, an improved Task Manager, and the Windows Store app marketplace. Windows 8 uses a modular architecture with layers including the hardware abstraction layer, kernel, executive services and protected subsystems. It requires at least 1GB of RAM and 16GB of storage. New security features were also introduced, such as Windows Defender antivirus and Smart Screen phishing protection.

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RAMNIRANJAN JHUNJHUNWALA COLLEGE
MUMBAI
[WINDOWS 8]
The Following Case Study On The Software Giant Windows 8 Is a Brief Introduction To Its Development, Features, Graphical User Interface, And Architecture. PRESENTED BY: VARUN BHUJBAL (9) SHUBHAM GURAV (911) AKSHAY KORADE (917) ASHUTOSH SHARMA (945) SATISH WAGH (9) INCHARGE TEACHER:-Mrs. JEBA ROSELET

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RAMNIRANJAN JHUNJHUNWALA COLLEGE
GHATKOPAR (E), MUMBAI 400-075.
Approved by:
Mrs. Jeba Roselet
Professor, R.J. College, Mumbai.
Sign: _____________________
Evaluated by:
Name: ____________________
Sign: _____________________
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
ACADEMIC YEAR 2014-2015.

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Acknowledgement
The special thank goes to our helpful teacher Miss Jeba Roselet the supervision and support that she gave truly help the progression and smoothness of the case study project. . Besides, this case study project makes us realized the value of working together as a team and as a new experience in working environment, which challenges us every minute. Not forget, great appreciation go to the rest of friends that help us from time to time during the project.
The whole case study really brought us together to appreciate the true value of friendship and respect of each other. Great deals appreciated go to the contribution of my faculty – Information Technology (I.T). We would like to thank the Coordinator of I.T department lab assistant that patient in helping us to complete this case study. Last but not least I would like to thank my friends especially those who guided for the wise idea throughout the project and not forgetting the World Wide Web for the necessary information provided.
Special thanks to case study partners that have encouraged, support and help us in completing this program successfully.

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ABSTRACT
This project involves discovering how the Windows 8 has evolved the way to interacting with the machine system. The goal is to show that how Windows 8 OS is working and architecture behind building this OS. This research highlights the importance and feature of the Windows 8 in the field of Software and Applications. The purpose of our project was to uncover and lighten the topic on how does the software giant evolved in the course of its family members of Windows 8. We decided to study the brief information about Windows 8 OS however, it is illustrated by various graph and diagrams.

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Contents
1. Introduction
2. History
3. Features
 Interactive Tiles
 Task Manager
 No new Hardware Requirements
 Interactive Lock screen
 Windows Store
4. Architecture
5. Hardware Requirements
6. Graphical User Interface
 Principles Of GUI
7. Safety And Security
 Windows Defender
 Windows Smart screen
8. Windows NT Family
Bibliography

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Introduction
Windows 8 is a personal computer operating system developed by Microsoft as part of Windows NT family of operating systems. Development of Windows 8 started before the release of its predecessor, Windows 7, in 2009. It was announced at CES 2011, and followed by the release of three pre-release versions from September 2011 to May 2012. The operating system was released to manufacturing on August 1, 2012, and was released for general availability on October 26, 2012. Windows 8 introduced major changes to the operating system's platform and user interface to improve its user experience on tablets, where Windows was now competing with mobile operating systems, including Android and iOS. In particular, these changes included a touch- optimized Windows shell based on Microsoft's "Metro" design language, the Start screen (which displays programs and dynamically updated content on a grid of tiles), a new platform for developing apps with an emphasis on touchscreen input, integration with online services (including the ability to sync apps and settings between devices), and Windows Store, an online store for downloading and purchasing new software. Windows 8 added support for USB 3.0, Advanced Format hard drives, near field communications, and cloud computing. Additional security features were introduced, such as built-in antivirus software, integration with Microsoft Smart Screen phishing filtering service and support for UEFI Secure Boot on supported devices with UEFI firmware, to prevent malware from infecting the boot process.

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History
Windows 8 development started before Windows 7 had shipped in 2009. At the Consumer Electronics Show in January 2011, it was announced that the next version of Windows would add support for ARM system-on-chips alongside the existing x86 processors produced by vendors, especially AMD and Intel. Windows division president Steven Sinofsky demonstrated an early build of the port on prototype devices, while Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer announced the company's goal for Windows to be "be everywhere on every kind of device without compromise. “Details also began to surface about a new application framework for Windows 8 codenamed "Jupiter", which would be used to make "immersive" applications using XAML (similarly to Windows Phone and Silverlight) that could be distributed via a new packaging system and a rumored application store. Three milestone releases of Windows 8 leaked to the general public. Milestone 1, Build 7850, was leaked on April 12; 2011.It was the first build where the text of a window was written centered instead of aligned to the left.
WINDOWS 8 LOGO

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Features  Interactive tiles . The Metro start screen may not be everyone’s cup of tea, but it does have undeniable benefits, chief of which is the interactive tiles. The interactive tile for the Mail application provides snippets from unread messages in your inbox, the Music tile shows which track is currently playing, and the Calendar app displays forthcoming appointments in your diary.  Task Manager Entries in the Task Manager are now heat-mapped, so it’s simple to see at a glance which application is chomping through CPU cycles or memory. There’s also a column of attractive new graphs under the Performance tab, allowing you to see at a glance if the CPU, memory or network connection (either Ethernet or Wi-Fi) is taking an

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unexpected hit.  Interactive lock screen The Windows lock screen is no longer a glorified password prompt. The attractive, customizable lock display now includes snippets of information, such as how many unread email messages are waiting in the Metro Mail app inbox, or the charge state of a laptop’s battery. To unlock a Windows 8 PC, simply swipe upwards on a tablet device, or press the spacebar on a laptop or desktop.  Windows Store The Windows Store, while sparsely populated for the Consumer Preview, shows tremendous promise. Microsoft has borrowed the best features from other app stores and added a couple of unique features of its own.

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Architecture Windows 2000 architecture is the latest architecture of Windows operating system and the newer versions of the Windows OS have the same structure as Windows 2000. This structure is a modular structure, composed of several simple modules. These modules are:
o Hardware Abstraction layer
o Kernel
o Executive Services
o Protected Subsystems
o Environment

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Architecture  Hardware Abstraction Layer
What we mean by Hardware Abstractions is a set of routines that give a program direct access to the hardware resources. The Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) makes the hardware dependencies transparent to the rest of the operating system. This allows Windows 2000 to be portable from one hardware platform to another. It is a thin layer of software or programming that hides (Abstraction) the hardware differences from the operating system. The HAL consists of a series of function that hides or abstract differences between hardware platforms. For example, the processor used in your system can be from any vendor, such as Intel, Advanced Micro Devices, and Motorola. In the Windows NT OS, the HAL is placed in the Kernel and in the space between hardware and the Win NT services.
 Kernel The Kernel works very closely with the HAL and is the heart of the operating system. It schedules the activities to be performed by the CPU. On a computer that has multiple processors, the kernel synchronizes activity among processors to optimize performance. For example, if you open more than one application, such as, MSWord, MS Excel, and PowerPoint, the kernel schedules the processor’s time within all applications. Kernel-mode device drivers enable the Windows NT to interact with hardware components. These drivers have some system routines that represent all the system devices seen as a file object in the Input/output manager for the user and the I/O manger can view them as device objects. These drivers exist in three levels: high level, intermediate and low level drivers.

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Hardware Requirements In order to run Windows 8, your PC or laptop must have a 1GHz or faster processor. Obviously, as with all computers, a better processor will lead to an improved overall experience. In most cases Windows 8 laptops and PCs will run on AMD or – more likely – Intel processors, specifically Core i3, i5 and i7 processors. Intel's Ivy Bridge processors launched in April 2012, and they offer more efficient power consumption, and should therefore run well in thin and light systems. Microsoft is also set to release a version of Windows that can run on ARM's SOC (system on chip) processors. The 32bit flavor of Windows 8 requires at least 1GB of RAM, and 2GB is required for a 64bit installation. If speed is important to you, don't skimp on RAM. Get as much as you can, but remember that a 32bit system can use only 3GB RAM. You'll need at least 16GB of hard disk space to run a 32bit installation or 20GB for a 64bit system. These are fantastically low figures, but should be taken with a pinch of salt. Windows 8 requires a Microsoft DirectX 9 or higher graphics system. If you're not a hard-core gamer, you may find that integrated graphics suffice, especially if you have an Ivy Bridge processor. Windows 8: system requirements
 Processor 1GHz or faster
 RAM 1GB (32bit) or 2GB (64bit)
 Hard disk space 16GB (32bit) or 20GB (64bit)
 Graphics card Microsoft DirectX 9 graphics device or higher

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Graphical User Interface Windows 8 introduces significant changes to the operating system's user interface, many of which are aimed at improving its experience on tablet computers and other touchscreen devices. The new user interface is based on Microsoft's Metro design language, and uses a Start screen similar to that of Windows Phone as the primary means of launching applications. The Start screen displays a customizable array of tiles linking to various apps and desktop programs, some of which can display constantly updated information and content through "live tiles". As a form of multi- tasking, apps can be snapped to the side of a screen. Alongside the traditional Control Panel, a new simplified and touch-optimized settings app known as "PC Settings" is used for basic configuration and user settings. It does not include many of the advanced options still accessible from the normal Control Panel.

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A vertical toolbar known as the charms (accessed by swiping from the right edge of a touchscreen, or pointing the cursor at hotspots in the right corners of a screen) provides access to system and app-related functions, such as search, sharing, device management, settings, and a Start button. the traditional desktop environment for running desktop applications is accessed via a tile on the Start screen. The Start button on the taskbar from previous versions of Windows has been converted into a hotspot in the lower-left corner of the screen, which displays a large tooltip displaying a thumbnail of the Start screen. Swiping from the left edge of a touchscreen or clicking in the top-left corner of the screen allows one to switch between apps and Desktop. Pointing the cursor in the top-left corner of the screen and moving down reveals a thumbnail list of active apps. Aside from the removal of the Start button and the replacement of the Aero Glass theme with a flatter and solid-colored design, the desktop interface on Windows 8 is similar to that of Windows 7.

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Principles of Graphical User Interface
Microsoft's design team cites as an inspiration for the design language signs commonly found at public transport systems; for instance, those found on the King County Metro transit system, which serves the greater Seattle area where Microsoft has its headquarters. The design language places emphasis on good typography and has large text that catches the eye. Microsoft sees the design language as "sleek, quick, modern" and a "refresh" from the icon-based interfaces of Windows, Android, and iOS. All instances use fonts based on the Segoe font-family designed by Steve Matteson at Agfa Monotype and licensed to Microsoft. For the Zune, Microsoft created a custom version called Segoe UI, and for Windows Phone Microsoft created the "Segoe WP" font-family.

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Safety and Security New security features in Windows 8 include two new authentication methods tailored towards touchscreens (PINs and picture passwords), the addition of antivirus capabilities to Windows (bringing it in parity with Microsoft Security Essentials). Smart Screen filtering integrated into Windows, Family Safety offers Parental controls, which allows parents to monitor and manage their children's activities on a device with activity reports and safety controls.

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 Windows Defender
Windows Defender will automatically scan your PC for malicious software (including viruses) at the time defined for Automatic Maintenance in Action Center. The default is 3 A.M. Microsoft believes that the greatest security for our customers comes from having a healthy security community.
 Windows Smart Screen
The Windows Smart Screen® feature from Microsoft Windows Internet Explorer® has now been integrated into the entire operating system. Windows

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Smart Screen prevents Windows from loading binaries that are known to be malicious. Similar to Smart Screen in Internet Explorer, Windows Smart Screen will check any app downloaded from the Internet against a reputation service hosted by Microsoft. This means that programs copied from the network or downloaded with third-party browsers will also be scanned by the Windows Smart Screen service.

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Windows NT Family
 Windows NT The first version of Windows NT (New Technology) family was released in 1993. Its design was based on Windows 95 user-interface and was a multiprocessor and multiuser operating system. It was a true 32-bit operating system, which was optimized to work with 32-bit architecture hardware devices. At this stage, Microsoft started to remove the dependencies on DOS and began to fully rely on the NT Kernel.
 Windows 2000 Windows 2000 design was built on Windows 98 user-interface and made business user more productive. Windows 2000 introduced many of the new features of Windows 98 and Windows 98 SE into the NT family. Windows 2000 made business user more productive. Its integrated Web capabilities and support for mobile computers and hardware devices made Windows 2000 the easy way for business user to connect to the Internet anywhere and anytime.

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 Windows XP Microsoft used power of Windows 2000 and business features of Windows 98 and Me and made Windows XP. Windows XP was a smarter OS and introduced several new features to the Windows line, such as GDI+ graphics subsystem and improved image management, Start Menu and Taskbar improvements, Integrated Networking and Multimedia support and many more.
The operating systems that evolved after origin of Windows 2000 were based on the Windows 2000 architecture only. The other Windows operating systems after XP include Windows Vista, 7, and Windows 8.
 Windows 8.1

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Windows 8.1 is a version of the Windows NT operating system and an upgrade for Windows 8. First unveiled and released as a public beta in June 2013, it was released to manufacturing on August 27, 2013, and reached general availability on October 17, 2013, almost a year after the retail release of its predecessor. Windows 8.1 is available free of charge for retail copies of Windows 8 and Windows RT users via Windows Store. Unlike service packs on previous versions of Windows, users who obtained 8 outside of retail copies or pre-loaded installations (i.e., volume licensing) must obtain 8.1 through new installation media from their respective subscription or enterprise channel. Microsoft's support lifecycle policy treats Windows 8.1 similar to previous service packs of Windows: It is part of Windows 8's support lifecycle, and installing 8.1 is required to maintain access to support and Windows updates after January 12, 2016. However, unlike previous service packs, Windows 8.1 cannot be acquired via Windows Update and only accepts 8.1- specific product keys.

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Bibliography
 www.msdn.com
 www.microsoft.com
 www.windows8.com
 www.wikipedia.org
 www.windowsitpro.com
 www.csarchive.com
 www.pcadvisor.com