Windows 7 has several editions including Starter, Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional, Enterprise, and Ultimate. It supports two main file systems: FAT and NTFS. FAT is simpler and supports up to 32GB of storage, while NTFS is the default for disks over 32GB and supports access controls and encryption. A newer file system called ReFS is designed for Windows 8 servers and provides resilience through features like copy-on-write that prevent overwriting of data.