Pakistan has a diverse range of wildlife habitats and 219 protected areas including 29 national parks and 100 wildlife sanctuaries. The largest national park is Hingol National Park, which supports over 3,000 mammals including Sindh Ibex and Chinkara Gazelle. Kirthar National Park is also large and protects populations of Sindh Ibex. Wildlife faces threats from climate change, hunting, pollution, habitat loss, and increasing human population. Protected areas aim to conserve ecosystems and wildlife for their ecological, economic, recreational, scientific, social, and aesthetic values.

1. BY JANITA ASIF
WILDLIFE OF PAKISTAN
(NATIONAL PARKS & SANCTUARIES)
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2.  The wildlife of Pakistan comprises a diverse flora and fauna in a wide
range of habitats from sea level to high elevation areas in the
mountains.
 Pakistan has 219 Protected Areas i.e. 29 National parks, 100 Wildlife
sanctuaries & 90 Game reserves.
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3.  Climate change: Global warming is causing dangerous
changes to the landscape of our world, adding stress to
wildlife species and their habitat.
 Unregulated Hunting and poaching: Unregulated hunting
and poaching causes a major threat to wildlife.
 Pollution: Pollutants released into the environment are
ingested by a wide variety of organisms.
 Over exploitation is the over use of wildlife and plant
species by people for food, clothing, pets, medicine, sport
and many other purposes.
 Deforestation: Humans are continually expanding and
developing, leading to an invasion of wildlife habitats. As
humans continue to grow they clear forested land to crewe
more space. This stresses wildlife populations as there are
fewer homes and food sources to survive off of.
 Population: The increasing population of human beings is
the most major threat to wildlife. More people on the globe
means more consumption of food,water and fuel .
Therefore,more waste is generated.
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4. Protection and conservation of environment of Pakistan was included in
1973 constitution, which result the establishment of EPO in 1983.
National Parks :A national park is a reserve of natural or semi-natural
land, declared or owned by a government, set aside for human
recreation and enjoyment, animal and environmental protection and
restricted from most development.
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5.  An area of outstanding scenic merit and natural beauty.
 Public access for recreation, education and research.
 Hunting wild animals is prohibited.
 Clearing land in National Parks is also prohibited.
 Under the regulations, these acts may be allowed for scientific purposes or to
improve the park.
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6.  Hingol National Park spread over an area of about 1,650 square km* along the Makran Coast
 It is the largest of National Park of Pakistan.
 It was established in 1988.
 Hingol National Park is known to support at least 35 species of mammals, 65 species of
amphibians and reptiles 185 species of birds.
 The park forms an excellent habitat to wild Sindh Ibex, Afghan Urial and Chinkara Gazelle.
 Total population is estimated over 3000.
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7.  Kirthar National Park is the the second largest national park of
Pakistan spread over an area of 3000 square kilometres.
 Kirthar was designated a national park by the Sindh Wildlife
Department in 1974.
 Established to protect wild Goat and sheep of sindh.
 26 Species of mammals present including Sindh ibex, chinkara,
jackal, hyaena, jungle cats, leopard, Pangolin, Porcupine and
mongoose.
 Bird includes at least 58 hoopoe, wabbler, kingfisher, eagles, Reptiles
are lizard, geckos, chameleons, turtles, tortoises and snakes.
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8.  Ayub Park or historically Topi Rakh Park named after the Pakistani president
and general Ayub Khan.
 The park was established before the creation of Pakistan.
 Covers an area of 930 hactres.
 Smallest National Park of Pakistan.
 Located in Rawalpindi.
 It has a play area, lake with boating facility, an aquarium, a garden
restaurant, an open theatre.
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9.  Located in the land of the Kalash and beautiful Gol valley of
Chitral is the Chitral Gol National Park.
 Surrounded by snow clad mountains and pine trees.
 This park is famous for its Markhor goats,Siberian ibex and
Ladakh urial (Shapu), occur in very small numbers, as do black
bear.
 Mammals in the park include Snow leopard, Kashmir Markhor,
Siberian ibex, Ladakh Urial, Black bear, Tibetan Wolf, Red fox,
Yellow throated martin and Himalayan otter.
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10.  Deosai means the land of Giants.
 Also known as central karakuram national park.
 Established in 1993.
 This park protect the survival of the ”Himalayan Brown Bear” and
its habitat.
 The Deosai Plains are also home to the Himalayan Ibex, Red Fox, Golden
Marmot,Gray Wolf, Snow Leopard.
 Birds in the park include the Golden Eagle, Griffon Vulture, Laggar
Falcon,Peregrine Falcon.
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11.  Wildlife Refuge / Sanctuaries :A wildlife refuge, also called a
wildlife sanctuary, may be a naturally-occurring, such as an
island, provides protection for species from hunting,
predation or competition, or it may refer to a protected
area, a geographic territory within which wildlife is
protected.
 Wildlife sanctuaries are to protect species from extinction.
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12.  Indus Delta is the fifth largest delta in
the world.
 The fan-shaped delta consists of
creeks, estuaries, mud, sand, salt flats,
mangrove habitat, marshes, sea bays,
and straits and rocky shores.
 A large number of species are
supported, of birds (including the
threatened Dalmatian pelican), of fish
and shrimps, and of dolphins
(Plumbeous dolphin, Finless porpoise,
and Bottlenose dolphin), humpback
whale, and reptiles.
 The area is rich in archaeological and
religious heritage.
 A 170 km stretch of the River Indus
between the Sukkar and Guddu
barrages, providing a home for the 500
remaining individuals of the formerly
common Indus dolphin Platanista minor
(or P. indi), endemic to this river.
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13.  One of the largest freshwater
lake in Pakistan, supporting
extensive reed beds and rich
submerged and floating
vegetation.
 An internationally important
area for breeding, staging and
wintering water birds,
supporting as many as
140,000 birds, including
European Wigeon, Black Coot
and Common Pochard.
 The lake is a major source of
drinking water for Karachi and
supports fishery.
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14.  Naltar Wildlife Sanctuary was created
on 22 November 1975.
 It occupies an area of 27,206
hectares .
 Naltar Valley is a fluvio-glacial valley
with a U-shaped cross section higher
up and a V-shaped cross section
lower down.
 A small number of Astor markhor, an
endangered species of wild goat,
lives in the reserve. Other large
mammals present include the Alpine
ibex, the snow leopard, the brown
bear, the grey wolf, the red fox, and
the leopard cat.
 About 35 species of bird have been
recorded in the sanctuary.
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15.  Baltistan Wildlife Sanctuary is a
wildlife sanctuary covering an
area of 415 square kilometres.
 The Baltistan Wildlife Sanctuary
lies south of the Indus River,
between the villages of Rondu
and Shengus, in the Skardu
District.
 This protected area was
established in 1975, for the
purpose of conserving the
threatened species that occupy
the park, and among them
there are snow leopard, brown
bear, lynx, Tibetan wolf,
Tibetan sand fox, markhor,
bharal, and Siberian ibex.
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16.  Hab Dam Wildlife Sanctuary is
formed by the Hub Dam covering
an area of 32 square miles.
 It is an important staging and
wintering area for an appreciable
number of water birds and
contains a variety of fish species.
 The Mahseer (Tor putitora), an
indigenous riverine fish found in
the Hub River.
 The lake was declared as Hab Dam
Wildlife Sanctuary in July 1974.
 The lake provide refuge to
migratory birds, including cranes,
Pelicans, Ducks and Waders.The
surrounding hills are the home of
Urial, Sind wild goat, Chinkara
gazelle, Wolf, Jackal, Common fox,
Pangolin and numerous other birds
and reptiles.
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17.  Ecological Value:
Ecological value is the interaction of wildlife in nature.
Wildlife plays an essential role in the ecological and
biological processes that are yet again significant to
life.
 Economic Value:
Many wild plants provide useful substances like timber,
paper; gums etc and they also have wide applications
in medicine. Wild animals Products include elephant
tusk, rhino horns, tiger fur, leather etc.
 Recreational Value:
Hunting and fishing are the most visible kinds of
recreation that depend directly on wildlife
resources.There are, however, many other
recreational activities that depend less directly on
wildlife populations. These include bird watching,
photography, hiking, camping, boating etc.
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18.  Scientific Value:
Most important contribution of
wild life for human progress is
availability of large genepool
for the scientists to carry
breeding programmes in
agriculture, animal husbandry
and fishery.
 Social Value:
Wildlife is the source of livelihood
and subsistence. Due to
existence of wildlife on earth
humans get benefit to sustain
life.
 Aesthetical Value:
Aesthetical value is the enjoying
of wildlife’s beauty and
pleasure. Wildlife enhances the
beauty of environment.
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19.  Anwar, M., Jasra, A. W. and Sultani, M. I. 2005. Conservation and Sustainable
Use of Biodiversity in Pakistan–A Review.. Pakistan Agriculture, Vol. 1(1): 56–
65. Agricultural Foundation of Pakistan. Islamabad
 Habitats and Wildlife in Danger (Protecting Our Planet (Paperback)) by Sarah
Levete
 Noss, Reed and Allen Y. Cooperrider. 1994. Saving Nature’s Legacy:
Protecting and Restoring Biodiversity. Island Press. Washington DC.
 Wildlife on Farms: How to Conserve Native AnimalsProduced by: Lindenmayer
D, Claridge A, Hazell D, Michael D, Crane M, MacGregor C. and Cunningham
R. (2003) CSIRO Publishing, Canberra.
 IUCN Directory of South Asian Protected Areas edited by Michael John
Beverley Green
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20. ANY QUERIES?
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