This document defines suicide and discusses its global prevalence and rates in Pakistan specifically. It identifies several common risk factors for suicide like depression, mental illness, loss, illness, and isolation. It notes that suicide is the second leading cause of death among 15-29 year olds globally. The document explores causes of suicide like depression, stress, and hopelessness. It examines suicide risks for teens and the elderly. Finally, it outlines steps for suicide prevention and concludes that people should consider their loved ones and happy memories before taking their own life.

2. Presented To:
Miss Rafia Kiran Zahid
Presented By:
• Shirmeen Zahid
• Kainat Humna
• Unaiza Saeed
• Rattal Fayyaz
• Syed Jawad Hussain

3. WHY A PERSON
COMMITS SUICIDE?

4. DEFINITIONS
• Suicide
Death caused by self-directed injurious behavior with an intent to die as
a result of the behavior.
• Suicide attempt
A non-fatal, self-directed, potentially injurious behavior with an intent
to die as a result of the behavior; might not result in injury.
• Suicidal ideation
Thinking about, considering, or planning suicide.

5. • Suicide is the second leading
cause of death in young people.
• Suicide is derived from Latin
word suicidium, is "the act of
taking one's own life”.

6. Global data
Suicide occurs throughout the lifespan and is the second
leading cause of death among 15-29 year olds globally.

7. • 79% of suicides occurred in low- and middle-income countries
in 2016.
• Suicide accounted for 1.4% of all deaths worldwide, making it
the 18th leading cause of death in 2016.

8. SUICIDE RATE IN PAKISTAN
• Pakistan's suicide rate is below the worldwide average.
• In 2015, the suicide rate in Pakistan was approximately 2.1 deaths per
100,000 inhabitants, one fifth the global average. Similarly, suicides
represent only ~0.3% of all deaths.
Culture:
• Suicide is prohibited in Islam .
• Diagnosing suicide cases is generally difficult due to social stigma and
legal issues that envelop the problem.
• Suicide is a criminal offence under the Pakistan Penal Code, with
punitive laws imposed for attempted suicide punishable by a fine of
Rs10,000 and/or imprisonment.

9. • Research indicated that various domestic problems like
unemployment, health issues, poverty, homelessness, family
disputes, depression and a range of social pressures.
• Hanging, use of insecticides, and firearms are the most
common methods for carrying out suicide in Pakistan.

10. RISK FACTORS
• Risk factors are those characteristics associated with
suicide—they might not be direct causes.
• Common risk factors are :
•Family history of suicide
•Family history of child maltreatment
•Previous suicide attempt(s)
•History of mental disorders, particularly clinical
depression
•Feelings of hopelessness
•Impulsive or aggressive tendencies
•Isolation, a feeling of being cut off from other people
•Barriers to accessing mental health treatment
•Loss (relational, social, work, or financial)
•Physical illness

11. POSSIBLE CAUSES OF SUICIDE
• Depression and mental Illness
• Traumatic Stress
• Hopelessness
• Frustration
• Fear
• Burden with past regrets
• Social Isolation
• Substance abuse

12. SUICIDE IN TEENS AND OLDER
ADULTS
Suicide in teens
• Teenage suicide is a serious and growing problem. They
may struggle with self-esteem issues, self-doubt, and
feelings of alienation. This can lead to suicide.
Other risk factors for teenage suicide include:
• Childhood abuse
• Recent traumatic event
• Lack of a support network
• Availability of a gun
• Hostile social or school environment

13. Suicide in the elderly
• The highest suicide rates of any age group
occur among persons aged 65 years and older.
Other risk factors for suicide in the elderly
include:
• Recent death of a loved one, isolation and
loneliness
• Physical illness, disability, or pain
• Major life changes, such as retirement or loss
of independence
• Loss of sense of purpose

14. MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT SUICIDE
• People who talk about it won't do it.
• People who really want to kill
themselves are beyond help.
• Suicide is a purely personal
decision.
• Asking about suicide can put the
idea in someone's mind.

15. SUICIDE PREVENTION
Steps Description
Ask Ask them directly if they are
thinking about suicide
Listen and stay with them Allow them to express their
feelings. They will often feel
a great sense of relief
Get Help Help and assist people using
various ways. . You need to
ensure the appropriate
people are aware of the
situation. Don’t shoulder this
responsibility yourself.

16. CONCLUSION
The ingredients to live a life are
happiness, anger, distress,
frustration, love, care, regrets.
Without the spice of hardships and
despair, life would be so dull and
monotonous. Thriving after so
many rejections brings joy more
than an easy escape towards
success. So, before you take the
plunge towards the end, have a
thought about your dear ones and
the blissful moments with them.

19. REFERENCES
• https://www.quora.com/Why-do-humans-commit-suicide
• https://www.healthyplace.com/suicide/why-people-kill-themselves-commit-
suicide
• https://medium.com/@mgoulston/why-people-kill-themselves-its-not-
depression-44113406ac79
• https://www.thehopeline.com/why-people-commit-suicide/
• https://www.health24.com/Medical/Depression/Suicid
• https://caps.ucsc.edu/resources/depression.html
• https://www.verywellmind.com/why-do-people-commit-suicide-1067515
• https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/curious/201405/why-do-people-kill-
themselves-new-warning-signs
• https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/suicide/prevention.html