Presentation by Debbie Gueye, the PMI/Senegal Resident Advisor on the main players in international malaria control for Stomping Out Malaria in Africa's Boot Camp training.
Presented by H. Nakatani, Assistant Director-General, HIV, TB, Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases, WHO, at the 64th session of the WHO Regional Committee for Europe.
1. Integrated Vector Management (IVM) is an evolution from earlier vector control approaches dating back to 1983, spurred by issues like insecticide resistance and the Stockholm Convention restricting DDT use.
2. IVM takes a flexible, multi-pronged approach using various vector control methods alone or combined based on local vector ecology and disease transmission to reduce disease risk cost-effectively and sustainably.
3. In 2004, WHO published a Global Strategic Framework for IVM to address deficiencies in vector control and improve efficacy, cost-effectiveness, sustainability, and compliance with the Stockholm Convention by defining IVM and outlining its key elements.
NVBDCP National Vector Borne Disease Control ProgramMihir Rupani
The document discusses guidelines for the National Vector Borne Disease Control Program (NVBDCP) in India. The NVBDCP is an integrated program that aims to prevent and control six vector-borne diseases - malaria, dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, kala-azar, and filariasis. It outlines strategies like surveillance, diagnosis, treatment, vector control, capacity building, and inter-sectoral collaboration. Specific guidelines for malaria control include microscopy-based diagnosis, use of rapid test kits, indoor residual spraying, larviciding, epidemic preparedness, and training of health workers.
National framework malaria elimination india 2016 2030dpmo123
This document presents India's National Framework for Malaria Elimination from 2016 to 2030. The framework aims to eliminate malaria nationally by 2030 in alignment with WHO strategies. It outlines goals to eliminate indigenous malaria cases across India and maintain malaria-free status in areas where transmission has been interrupted. The framework's objectives are to eliminate malaria from 26 low and moderate transmission states by 2030 and prevent reintroduction in malaria-free areas. It also describes approaches for measuring progress, cost estimates, and next steps for implementation.
This document discusses vector-borne diseases (VBDs) and their surveillance and control in India. It notes that VBDs include malaria, filariasis, kala-azar, dengue, chikungunya, and Japanese encephalitis. The objectives of VBD programs are disease management, integrated vector management, and supportive interventions. Surveillance methods include active, passive, sentinel, and entomological surveillance. Response actions are taken based on outbreak analysis. Control methods include indoor residual spraying, larval source reduction, insecticide-treated bed nets, and vaccines.
The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme is India's program for preventing and controlling vector-borne diseases like malaria, filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, kala azar, dengue, and chikungunya. It aims to reduce mortality from these diseases by half by 2012. Key strategies include disease management, insecticide resistance monitoring, legislation, community involvement, laboratory quality assurance, long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets, and inter-sectoral collaboration. The program oversees control of specific diseases like malaria, with goals of reducing cases and deaths. It monitors progress through indicators and has launched frameworks for eliminating particular diseases at national and state levels by target dates.
The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) was implemented in 2002-2003 in India to control six vector-borne diseases including malaria, dengue, filariasis, visceral leishmaniasis, Japanese encephalitis, and chikungunya. The NVBDCP focuses on early diagnosis, treatment, surveillance, integrated vector management through indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated bed nets, and epidemic preparedness. The programme is coordinated across states and districts and works with other health programs. In 2016, India launched a National Framework for Malaria Elimination with goals to eliminate malaria by 2030 by phasing states through categories of transmission intensity and interrupting indigenous transmission.
National Vector Born Disease Control Programme:- Newer Concepts.amol askar
This document summarizes information on malaria prevention and treatment strategies in India, including:
1) The National Drug Policy for malaria was updated in 2013 to reflect new effective drugs and resistance, with ACT now used to treat P. falciparum and chloroquine + primaquine for P. vivax.
2) India's National Framework for malaria elimination aims to eliminate malaria nationally by 2030, categorizing states by transmission levels and setting objectives to achieve elimination in different states by 2022, 2024, and 2027.
3) Key interventions include scaling up prevention, diagnosis and treatment, strengthening surveillance, and ensuring zero indigenous transmission nationally by 2030.
Presented by H. Nakatani, Assistant Director-General, HIV, TB, Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases, WHO, at the 64th session of the WHO Regional Committee for Europe.
1. Integrated Vector Management (IVM) is an evolution from earlier vector control approaches dating back to 1983, spurred by issues like insecticide resistance and the Stockholm Convention restricting DDT use.
2. IVM takes a flexible, multi-pronged approach using various vector control methods alone or combined based on local vector ecology and disease transmission to reduce disease risk cost-effectively and sustainably.
3. In 2004, WHO published a Global Strategic Framework for IVM to address deficiencies in vector control and improve efficacy, cost-effectiveness, sustainability, and compliance with the Stockholm Convention by defining IVM and outlining its key elements.
NVBDCP National Vector Borne Disease Control ProgramMihir Rupani
The document discusses guidelines for the National Vector Borne Disease Control Program (NVBDCP) in India. The NVBDCP is an integrated program that aims to prevent and control six vector-borne diseases - malaria, dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, kala-azar, and filariasis. It outlines strategies like surveillance, diagnosis, treatment, vector control, capacity building, and inter-sectoral collaboration. Specific guidelines for malaria control include microscopy-based diagnosis, use of rapid test kits, indoor residual spraying, larviciding, epidemic preparedness, and training of health workers.
National framework malaria elimination india 2016 2030dpmo123
This document presents India's National Framework for Malaria Elimination from 2016 to 2030. The framework aims to eliminate malaria nationally by 2030 in alignment with WHO strategies. It outlines goals to eliminate indigenous malaria cases across India and maintain malaria-free status in areas where transmission has been interrupted. The framework's objectives are to eliminate malaria from 26 low and moderate transmission states by 2030 and prevent reintroduction in malaria-free areas. It also describes approaches for measuring progress, cost estimates, and next steps for implementation.
This document discusses vector-borne diseases (VBDs) and their surveillance and control in India. It notes that VBDs include malaria, filariasis, kala-azar, dengue, chikungunya, and Japanese encephalitis. The objectives of VBD programs are disease management, integrated vector management, and supportive interventions. Surveillance methods include active, passive, sentinel, and entomological surveillance. Response actions are taken based on outbreak analysis. Control methods include indoor residual spraying, larval source reduction, insecticide-treated bed nets, and vaccines.
The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme is India's program for preventing and controlling vector-borne diseases like malaria, filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, kala azar, dengue, and chikungunya. It aims to reduce mortality from these diseases by half by 2012. Key strategies include disease management, insecticide resistance monitoring, legislation, community involvement, laboratory quality assurance, long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets, and inter-sectoral collaboration. The program oversees control of specific diseases like malaria, with goals of reducing cases and deaths. It monitors progress through indicators and has launched frameworks for eliminating particular diseases at national and state levels by target dates.
The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) was implemented in 2002-2003 in India to control six vector-borne diseases including malaria, dengue, filariasis, visceral leishmaniasis, Japanese encephalitis, and chikungunya. The NVBDCP focuses on early diagnosis, treatment, surveillance, integrated vector management through indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated bed nets, and epidemic preparedness. The programme is coordinated across states and districts and works with other health programs. In 2016, India launched a National Framework for Malaria Elimination with goals to eliminate malaria by 2030 by phasing states through categories of transmission intensity and interrupting indigenous transmission.
National Vector Born Disease Control Programme:- Newer Concepts.amol askar
This document summarizes information on malaria prevention and treatment strategies in India, including:
1) The National Drug Policy for malaria was updated in 2013 to reflect new effective drugs and resistance, with ACT now used to treat P. falciparum and chloroquine + primaquine for P. vivax.
2) India's National Framework for malaria elimination aims to eliminate malaria nationally by 2030, categorizing states by transmission levels and setting objectives to achieve elimination in different states by 2022, 2024, and 2027.
3) Key interventions include scaling up prevention, diagnosis and treatment, strengthening surveillance, and ensuring zero indigenous transmission nationally by 2030.
The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) is India's central agency responsible for preventing and controlling vector-borne diseases like malaria, dengue, lymphatic filariasis, kala-azar, Japanese encephalitis, and chikungunya. It focuses on integrated vector management through indoor residual spraying, insecticide-treated bed nets, larvivorous fish, and environmental management. The NVBDCP also supports disease management, capacity building, operational research, and monitoring through a network of regional and district offices. Its goal is to reduce transmission of these diseases in India through coordinated efforts at all levels of government.
National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP)Kailash Nagar
The National Vector Borne Disease Control Program (NVBDCP) was launched in 2003-04 by merging several existing programs to prevent and control major vector-borne diseases like malaria, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, kala-azar, and filariasis. The NVBDCP aims to reduce mortality from these diseases and eliminate kala-azar and lymphatic filariasis through strategies like early diagnosis and treatment, integrated vector management, behavior change communication, and capacity building. Malaria control specifically focuses on maintaining surveillance and treating cases, as well as integrated vector control through indoor residual spraying and larval source reduction.
Nepal began its malaria control program in 1954 with support from the United States, launching an eradication program in 1958. The program shifted to control in 1978 and was revamped in 1998 under the WHO's Roll Back Malaria initiative. Nepal has since adopted a long-term elimination strategy with the goal of being malaria-free by 2026. The program is managed through Nepal's Epidemiology and Disease Control Division and focuses on surveillance, diagnosis and treatment, vector control, and community education to achieve elimination.
The National Health Programme aims to control communicable diseases like malaria, leprosy, tuberculosis, and AIDS through various disease-specific programmes. The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme and National Malaria Control Programme work to reduce malaria morbidity and mortality in India. A three-pronged strategy of early diagnosis, prompt treatment, and vector control is used. Urban areas also have malaria control schemes focused on source reduction and larval control.
Malaria is a protozoal disease transmitted to humans by infected Anopheles mosquitoes. In Nepal, approximately 13 million people live in malaria endemic areas, with 1 million in high risk areas. The disease is most prevalent in the Terai region. Two species, Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum, are found in Nepal, with 80% of cases being P. vivax. Nepal has experienced malaria outbreaks since the 1970s and has worked to control the disease through a national malaria program since the 1950s. The current strategic plan aims to eliminate malaria in Nepal by 2025.
The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) is an umbrella programme under the National Health Mission that aims to control and prevent six vector-borne diseases: malaria, kala-azar, filariasis, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, and chikungunya. The programme focuses on disease management, integrated vector management, and supportive interventions like indoor residual spraying and larvivorous fish. Its goals are to reduce mortality from certain diseases and eliminate kala-azar and filariasis by targeted years. The programme is coordinated by the Directorate of NVBDCP and implemented at national, state, district, and local levels.
The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) was established in 2003 to consolidate prevention and control of six vector-borne diseases: malaria, dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, kala-azar, and filariasis. Previously, these diseases were managed under separate national programs. NVBDCP oversees strategies like indoor residual spraying, early diagnosis and treatment, selective vector control, and health education campaigns. National malaria elimination efforts since the 1950s have significantly reduced cases but ongoing transmission remains a challenge.
This document outlines the key steps for planning malaria elimination, including strengthening health systems, establishing surveillance programs, assessing feasibility, and obtaining certification. It compares malaria control and elimination strategies, identifies program milestones and resource needs, and describes the certification process required to verify local transmission has been interrupted.
Lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, is a disease caused by parasitic filarial worms and spread through mosquito bites. It is caused by three types of worms, with Wuchereria bancrofti being the only one recorded in Nepal. The disease is transmitted by the Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito found across endemic areas of Nepal. The National Task Force formulated a National Plan of Action to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in Nepal through mass drug administration and interrupting transmission by 2020. Since 2003 over 100 million treatment doses have been administered across endemic districts. Major activities in the elimination program include MDA, morbidity management and disability prevention, and post-MDA
The document discusses the malaria control program in the Philippines. It provides background on malaria, including how it is transmitted and prevalence in the country. The vision, mission, goals, and beneficiaries of the malaria control program are outlined. Key strategies of the program include early diagnosis and treatment, controlling mosquito spread through insecticide-treated nets and indoor spraying, and community-based education. The program is implemented through partnerships between the Department of Health, World Health Organization, and other organizations. Accomplishments and proposed activities are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of integrated vector management (IVM) strategies for controlling vector-borne diseases in humanitarian emergencies. It discusses the increased risk of diseases like malaria, dengue, and Zika during crises due to deteriorating living conditions. The toolkit recommends using a combination of vector control tools tailored to the specific emergency context through evidence-based decision making, collaboration, and community engagement in line with global IVM principles. Case studies demonstrate effective IVM implementation in past humanitarian responses to natural disasters and conflicts.
National Vector Borne Disease Control ProgrammeDrAnup Kumar
The document summarizes the history and strategies of India's National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP). It discusses the origins of the program in 1946 and outlines the various initiatives over time to control malaria, including the National Malaria Control Programme in 1953, National Malaria Eradication Programme in 1958, and the establishment of NVBDCP in 2004 to combat six vector-borne diseases. The current goals of NVBDCP through 2030 are outlined, including the phased elimination of malaria from across India and maintaining malaria-free status.
National vector borne disease control programme 2 by nitin vermaKartikesh Gupta
The document summarizes India's National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) which aims to prevent and control vector-borne diseases like malaria, filariasis, kala azar, Japanese encephalitis, dengue, and chikungunya. The strategy includes disease management through early detection and treatment, integrated vector management using indoor spraying and larvivorous fish, and behavior change communication. The objectives are to reduce mortality from malaria, dengue, and JE by half and eliminate kala azar by 2010 and lymphatic filariasis by 2015. It provides recent case numbers and trends for these diseases and outlines prevention and control efforts.
- Malaria has caused significant mortality in Nepal for ages and the first malaria survey was conducted in Makwanpur and Chitwan in the early 1900s.
- Nepal launched large-scale malaria control projects starting in the 1950s with assistance from USAID and established a National Malaria Eradication Programme in 1958 focused on insecticide spraying and vector control.
- Despite efforts, extreme geography and limited data made eliminating malaria difficult and the program shifted to control in 1978, with over 42,000 cases reported in 1985 and epidemics through the 1980s.
The document summarizes the status of vector-borne diseases in Gujarat, India. It discusses the organizational structure for control of diseases like malaria, dengue and filariasis. It outlines the state's goals of reducing incidence and mortality of these diseases. It also describes the life cycles of malaria parasites and control strategies employed, including larval source reduction, indoor residual spraying and case management. Monitoring indicators and training facilities available in the state are also mentioned.
The document outlines India's National Framework for Malaria Elimination from 2016-2030. The framework aims to eliminate malaria nationally by 2030 through several strategic approaches including categorizing states based on transmission and tailoring interventions accordingly. It outlines goals, objectives, interventions, milestones and targets to achieve elimination in different states by 2022, 2024, and 2027 to achieve national elimination by 2030. It also discusses measuring progress, cost implications, and cross-cutting interventions like surveillance, quality assurance and intersectoral collaboration needed.
The document summarizes India's national malaria control program from its inception in 1953 to the present. It describes key milestones and changes to the program over time, including launching the National Anti-Malaria Programme in 1953, modifying operations in 1977 to focus on areas with annual parasite incidence over 2, and renaming the program the National Anti Malaria Programme in 2000 with a focus on early detection and treatment of cases as well as integrated vector management. Surveillance, including active and passive methods, remains a core part of monitoring and evaluation efforts.
The National AIDS Control Programme was launched in 1987 with the aims of minimizing HIV infections in India and reducing morbidity and mortality due to AIDS. The National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) was established in 1992 as the nodal organization for HIV/AIDS policy and program implementation. In 2002, the National AIDS Prevention and Control Policy was approved to reduce the impact of the epidemic and achieve zero transmission by 2007. The National Council on AIDS provides policy guidance and leadership to NACO to mainstream HIV/AIDS responses and increase multi-sectoral efforts, especially regarding youth, women, and the workforce.
1) Tuberculosis is caused by mycobacteria, mainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and commonly affects the lungs. It can also affect other body systems when the immune system is weakened.
2) TB spreads through air when a sick person coughs or sneezes, expelling dried bacteria. Close and household contacts are most at risk of infection through inhalation or ingestion.
3) Diagnosis involves tests like chest x-rays, sputum smears, tuberculin skin tests, and culture of bacteria. Treatment requires taking multiple antibiotics like rifampin and isoniazid daily for 6-12 months to fully eliminate the bacteria.
Malaria Epidemics : Prevention and Control - Conférence du 3e édition du Cours international « Atelier Paludisme » - FALL Socé - Regional Office for Africa Malaria Unit, Zimbabwe - SoceF@afro.who.int
The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) is India's central agency responsible for preventing and controlling vector-borne diseases like malaria, dengue, lymphatic filariasis, kala-azar, Japanese encephalitis, and chikungunya. It focuses on integrated vector management through indoor residual spraying, insecticide-treated bed nets, larvivorous fish, and environmental management. The NVBDCP also supports disease management, capacity building, operational research, and monitoring through a network of regional and district offices. Its goal is to reduce transmission of these diseases in India through coordinated efforts at all levels of government.
National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP)Kailash Nagar
The National Vector Borne Disease Control Program (NVBDCP) was launched in 2003-04 by merging several existing programs to prevent and control major vector-borne diseases like malaria, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, kala-azar, and filariasis. The NVBDCP aims to reduce mortality from these diseases and eliminate kala-azar and lymphatic filariasis through strategies like early diagnosis and treatment, integrated vector management, behavior change communication, and capacity building. Malaria control specifically focuses on maintaining surveillance and treating cases, as well as integrated vector control through indoor residual spraying and larval source reduction.
Nepal began its malaria control program in 1954 with support from the United States, launching an eradication program in 1958. The program shifted to control in 1978 and was revamped in 1998 under the WHO's Roll Back Malaria initiative. Nepal has since adopted a long-term elimination strategy with the goal of being malaria-free by 2026. The program is managed through Nepal's Epidemiology and Disease Control Division and focuses on surveillance, diagnosis and treatment, vector control, and community education to achieve elimination.
The National Health Programme aims to control communicable diseases like malaria, leprosy, tuberculosis, and AIDS through various disease-specific programmes. The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme and National Malaria Control Programme work to reduce malaria morbidity and mortality in India. A three-pronged strategy of early diagnosis, prompt treatment, and vector control is used. Urban areas also have malaria control schemes focused on source reduction and larval control.
Malaria is a protozoal disease transmitted to humans by infected Anopheles mosquitoes. In Nepal, approximately 13 million people live in malaria endemic areas, with 1 million in high risk areas. The disease is most prevalent in the Terai region. Two species, Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum, are found in Nepal, with 80% of cases being P. vivax. Nepal has experienced malaria outbreaks since the 1970s and has worked to control the disease through a national malaria program since the 1950s. The current strategic plan aims to eliminate malaria in Nepal by 2025.
The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) is an umbrella programme under the National Health Mission that aims to control and prevent six vector-borne diseases: malaria, kala-azar, filariasis, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, and chikungunya. The programme focuses on disease management, integrated vector management, and supportive interventions like indoor residual spraying and larvivorous fish. Its goals are to reduce mortality from certain diseases and eliminate kala-azar and filariasis by targeted years. The programme is coordinated by the Directorate of NVBDCP and implemented at national, state, district, and local levels.
The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) was established in 2003 to consolidate prevention and control of six vector-borne diseases: malaria, dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, kala-azar, and filariasis. Previously, these diseases were managed under separate national programs. NVBDCP oversees strategies like indoor residual spraying, early diagnosis and treatment, selective vector control, and health education campaigns. National malaria elimination efforts since the 1950s have significantly reduced cases but ongoing transmission remains a challenge.
This document outlines the key steps for planning malaria elimination, including strengthening health systems, establishing surveillance programs, assessing feasibility, and obtaining certification. It compares malaria control and elimination strategies, identifies program milestones and resource needs, and describes the certification process required to verify local transmission has been interrupted.
Lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, is a disease caused by parasitic filarial worms and spread through mosquito bites. It is caused by three types of worms, with Wuchereria bancrofti being the only one recorded in Nepal. The disease is transmitted by the Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito found across endemic areas of Nepal. The National Task Force formulated a National Plan of Action to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in Nepal through mass drug administration and interrupting transmission by 2020. Since 2003 over 100 million treatment doses have been administered across endemic districts. Major activities in the elimination program include MDA, morbidity management and disability prevention, and post-MDA
The document discusses the malaria control program in the Philippines. It provides background on malaria, including how it is transmitted and prevalence in the country. The vision, mission, goals, and beneficiaries of the malaria control program are outlined. Key strategies of the program include early diagnosis and treatment, controlling mosquito spread through insecticide-treated nets and indoor spraying, and community-based education. The program is implemented through partnerships between the Department of Health, World Health Organization, and other organizations. Accomplishments and proposed activities are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of integrated vector management (IVM) strategies for controlling vector-borne diseases in humanitarian emergencies. It discusses the increased risk of diseases like malaria, dengue, and Zika during crises due to deteriorating living conditions. The toolkit recommends using a combination of vector control tools tailored to the specific emergency context through evidence-based decision making, collaboration, and community engagement in line with global IVM principles. Case studies demonstrate effective IVM implementation in past humanitarian responses to natural disasters and conflicts.
National Vector Borne Disease Control ProgrammeDrAnup Kumar
The document summarizes the history and strategies of India's National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP). It discusses the origins of the program in 1946 and outlines the various initiatives over time to control malaria, including the National Malaria Control Programme in 1953, National Malaria Eradication Programme in 1958, and the establishment of NVBDCP in 2004 to combat six vector-borne diseases. The current goals of NVBDCP through 2030 are outlined, including the phased elimination of malaria from across India and maintaining malaria-free status.
National vector borne disease control programme 2 by nitin vermaKartikesh Gupta
The document summarizes India's National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) which aims to prevent and control vector-borne diseases like malaria, filariasis, kala azar, Japanese encephalitis, dengue, and chikungunya. The strategy includes disease management through early detection and treatment, integrated vector management using indoor spraying and larvivorous fish, and behavior change communication. The objectives are to reduce mortality from malaria, dengue, and JE by half and eliminate kala azar by 2010 and lymphatic filariasis by 2015. It provides recent case numbers and trends for these diseases and outlines prevention and control efforts.
- Malaria has caused significant mortality in Nepal for ages and the first malaria survey was conducted in Makwanpur and Chitwan in the early 1900s.
- Nepal launched large-scale malaria control projects starting in the 1950s with assistance from USAID and established a National Malaria Eradication Programme in 1958 focused on insecticide spraying and vector control.
- Despite efforts, extreme geography and limited data made eliminating malaria difficult and the program shifted to control in 1978, with over 42,000 cases reported in 1985 and epidemics through the 1980s.
The document summarizes the status of vector-borne diseases in Gujarat, India. It discusses the organizational structure for control of diseases like malaria, dengue and filariasis. It outlines the state's goals of reducing incidence and mortality of these diseases. It also describes the life cycles of malaria parasites and control strategies employed, including larval source reduction, indoor residual spraying and case management. Monitoring indicators and training facilities available in the state are also mentioned.
The document outlines India's National Framework for Malaria Elimination from 2016-2030. The framework aims to eliminate malaria nationally by 2030 through several strategic approaches including categorizing states based on transmission and tailoring interventions accordingly. It outlines goals, objectives, interventions, milestones and targets to achieve elimination in different states by 2022, 2024, and 2027 to achieve national elimination by 2030. It also discusses measuring progress, cost implications, and cross-cutting interventions like surveillance, quality assurance and intersectoral collaboration needed.
The document summarizes India's national malaria control program from its inception in 1953 to the present. It describes key milestones and changes to the program over time, including launching the National Anti-Malaria Programme in 1953, modifying operations in 1977 to focus on areas with annual parasite incidence over 2, and renaming the program the National Anti Malaria Programme in 2000 with a focus on early detection and treatment of cases as well as integrated vector management. Surveillance, including active and passive methods, remains a core part of monitoring and evaluation efforts.
The National AIDS Control Programme was launched in 1987 with the aims of minimizing HIV infections in India and reducing morbidity and mortality due to AIDS. The National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) was established in 1992 as the nodal organization for HIV/AIDS policy and program implementation. In 2002, the National AIDS Prevention and Control Policy was approved to reduce the impact of the epidemic and achieve zero transmission by 2007. The National Council on AIDS provides policy guidance and leadership to NACO to mainstream HIV/AIDS responses and increase multi-sectoral efforts, especially regarding youth, women, and the workforce.
1) Tuberculosis is caused by mycobacteria, mainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and commonly affects the lungs. It can also affect other body systems when the immune system is weakened.
2) TB spreads through air when a sick person coughs or sneezes, expelling dried bacteria. Close and household contacts are most at risk of infection through inhalation or ingestion.
3) Diagnosis involves tests like chest x-rays, sputum smears, tuberculin skin tests, and culture of bacteria. Treatment requires taking multiple antibiotics like rifampin and isoniazid daily for 6-12 months to fully eliminate the bacteria.
Malaria Epidemics : Prevention and Control - Conférence du 3e édition du Cours international « Atelier Paludisme » - FALL Socé - Regional Office for Africa Malaria Unit, Zimbabwe - SoceF@afro.who.int
The document discusses the burden and history of malaria control efforts in India. It notes that in 2012, India reported over 1 million malaria cases and over 500 deaths. It outlines the various national malaria control programs from the Bhore Committee in 1946 to the current National Vector Borne Disease Control Program. Key strategies have included insecticide spraying, surveillance, diagnosis and treatment. Urban areas pose ongoing challenges, with the Urban Malaria Scheme currently covering 131 high burden towns.
This document provides lecture notes on public health for health science students in Somalia. It defines public health and outlines its core functions which include assessment, policy development, and assurance. The 10 essential public health services are also described, such as monitoring health status, diagnosing health problems, and linking people to health services. Examples of activities for each essential service carried out by state and local public health agencies are provided. The document concludes with an overview of understanding public health through a series of books for students and practitioners.
Kala-azar, also known as visceral leishmaniasis, is a parasitic disease transmitted by the bite of the female sand fly. It is endemic in parts of Bangladesh, where it is a major public health problem. The disease is caused by Leishmania donovani parasites and presents with fever, weight loss, anemia, and splenomegaly. Diagnosis involves serological tests or direct demonstration of the parasite. Treatment options include liposomal amphotericin B or miltefosine. Control efforts focus on early detection, treatment, and sand fly control through insecticide spraying and improved housing.
The document provides an overview of malaria epidemiology, prevention, and control efforts in India. It discusses that malaria affects millions of people annually in India, transmitted primarily by Anopheles mosquitoes. Key prevention strategies mentioned include vector control through indoor residual spraying and larviciding, and prompt diagnosis and treatment of cases. Major control programs launched over time aimed to reduce malaria incidence and mortality, through activities like active case detection, radical treatment, and insecticide spraying. National strategies have evolved from eradication to control efforts as challenges emerged.
The document outlines India's National Anti-Malaria Programme. It discusses the history and evolution of malaria control efforts in India from the National Malaria Control Programme launched in 1953 up to current strategies. Key points include:
- Malaria is a major public health problem in India, with over 1 million cases reported in 2014.
- The National programme has had evolving objectives, strategies and projects over time in response to disease trends, including the National Malaria Control Programme, Enhanced Malaria Control Project, and current National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme.
- Control strategies have involved indoor residual spraying, early detection and treatment, insecticide policies, and strengthening institutional capacities. Nurses play a role in detection
The Global Fund Strategy 2012-2016 aims to sustain and accelerate progress in fighting HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. It sets goals to save 10 million lives and prevent 140-180 million new infections between 2012-2016.
The strategy outlines five strategic objectives: 1) invest more strategically in high-impact interventions and populations, 2) evolve the funding model to be more flexible, 3) actively support grant implementation success, 4) promote and protect human rights, and 5) sustain gains and mobilize resources.
It also identifies two strategic enablers necessary for success: enhancing partnerships and transforming operations to improve governance, effectiveness and controls. The strategy seeks to position the Global Fund to maximize impact through more
The Global Fund Strategy 2012-2016 aims to sustain and accelerate progress in fighting HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. It sets goals to save 10 million lives and prevent 140-180 million new infections between 2012-2016.
The strategy outlines five strategic objectives: 1) invest more strategically in high-impact interventions and populations, 2) evolve the funding model to be more flexible, 3) actively support grant implementation success, 4) promote and protect human rights, and 5) sustain gains and mobilize resources.
It also identifies two strategic enablers necessary for success: enhancing partnerships and transforming operations to improve governance, effectiveness and controls. The strategy seeks to position the Global Fund to maximize impact through more
Coordination and governance of AIDS responses is being reexamined to make them more effective and sustainable. In many countries, national AIDS coordinating authorities (NACAs) have faced challenges including weak accountability, overdependence on donors, and poor integration with health systems. As HIV becomes a long-term issue rather than emergency, coordination needs to be strengthened through government leadership and greater multi-sectoral involvement. Options being discussed include fully integrating HIV strategies and services into health and development plans or maintaining HIV coordination but with strengthened accountability within broader coordination structures. The goal is to adapt coordination models based on national contexts and priorities while maintaining focus on planning, monitoring, and aligning resources for HIV responses.
This document summarizes the key elements and process of the Global Fund's new funding model. It outlines the steps including country dialogue, development of national strategic plans, concept note submission, final funding decisions, grant-making, and implementation. It emphasizes the importance of meaningful involvement of civil society, communities, and key populations throughout these stages. The document provides advice for how these groups can engage in country dialogue, contribute to concept notes, and participate in grant oversight to help ensure funding requests have the greatest impact.
The Health Finance and Governance Project developed a Health Management Toolkit containing 17 tools to support health service delivery in Peru. The toolkit was designed based on tools previously created by USAID projects. It was officially transferred to the San Fernando School of Medicine and the Regional Government of Lima to be hosted and disseminated. The toolkit was also presented at national and international forums to publicize the tools and gauge interest. Surveys found that regional health directors highly valued having access to the tools and were very interested in tools for human resources management, health promotion, and project formulation. Most directors expressed interest in hosting the toolkit on their institutional websites.
The document summarizes an information workshop on the Global Fund's New Funding Model and community systems strengthening. The workshop's objectives were to: review disease strategies and identify gaps; review lessons from civil society programming; analyze changes to the funding model and clarify civil society's role; develop advocacy and partnership strategies; and improve understanding of investment frameworks for key populations. The expected outcomes included agreed work plans, information sharing strategies, and civil society priority interventions. The agenda covered understanding the new funding model, disease modules, and next steps.
This document outlines a health system development programme in Myanmar from 2006-2011. It had three main objectives: 1) Promote health systems research to improve performance, 2) Explore sustainable health financing mechanisms for equitable services, and 3) Expand international cooperation in line with their long term health plan.
The programme consisted of three projects: 1) A health systems research and development project, 2) A project developing alternative health financing mechanisms, and 3) An international health cooperation project.
Key strengths identified for health systems research included disseminating research skills and developing tools for strengthening the health system. Strengths for health financing included initiating assessments and exploring new financing schemes. Weaknesses identified lack of funding support for research
Sustainability and transition - Nicolas Cantau, The Global FundOECD Governance
This presentation was made by Nicolas Cantau, The Global Fund, at the 2nd Health Systems Joint Network Meeting for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European Countries held in Tallinn, Estonia, on 1-2 December 2016
The document provides an overview of the new funding model principles of the Global Fund. It discusses how the new model differs from the previous model by taking a more active role in portfolio management and country engagement. It also outlines the new funding model cycle and key aspects like country allocation, incentive funding, and unfunded quality demand. The document emphasizes the importance of inclusive country dialogue and meaningful engagement with key populations and other stakeholders in developing robust national strategic plans and concept notes.
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The document discusses the One Health approach, which focuses on collaboration across human, animal, and environmental health sectors. It outlines several key points:
1) The One Health approach has gained momentum in recent years through discussions at international conferences on animal influenza.
2) Implementing One Health requires concerted cross-sectoral efforts, but also presents challenges like investing time to build trust and establish collaborative systems.
3) Moving forward will require bringing stakeholders together, establishing coherent policy frameworks, aligning programs around common goals, and increasing investment, including through economic analysis and financial tracking.
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4 October 2017. InfoPoint Lunchtime conference: Global Agriculture and Food Security Programme.
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Presentation:
Nichola Dyer: Program Manager, Global Agriculture and Food Security Program (GAFSP)
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The document summarizes the African Union Roadmap on Shared Responsibility and Global Solidarity for AIDS, TB and Malaria response in Africa from 2012-2015. It outlines three pillars of action: more diversified, balanced and sustainable financing models; increased access to medicines through local production and regulatory harmonization; and strengthened leadership, governance and oversight. Key proposed actions include developing national health investment plans, ensuring donor commitments are met, and increasing domestic resource allocation. Benchmarks are proposed to measure progress in diversifying financing by 2015. The document calls for increased and predictable funding from both domestic and international sources to close financing gaps and ensure a sustainable response to AIDS, TB and malaria in Africa.
The document summarizes the African Union Roadmap on Shared Responsibility and Global Solidarity for AIDS, TB and Malaria response in Africa from 2012-2015. It outlines three pillars of action: more diversified, balanced and sustainable financing models; increased access to medicines through local production and regulatory harmonization; and strengthened leadership, governance and oversight. Key proposed actions include developing national health investment plans, ensuring donor commitments are met, and increasing domestic resource allocation. Benchmarks are proposed to measure progress in diversifying financing by 2015. The document calls for increased and predictable funding from both domestic and international sources to close financing gaps and ensure a sustainable response to AIDS, TB and malaria in Africa.
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Identify how UHC fits in USAID’s health and poverty reduction strategies
Effectively communicate to country stakeholders how USAID can support a country’s progress towards UHC
Identify relevant UHC resources within the Office of Health Systems and USAID
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1. Who’s Who in International
Malaria Control
Peace Corps Malaria Initiative for Africa
Boot Camp
DEBBIE GUEYE
PMI/SENEGAL
RESIDENT ADVISOR
FEBRUARY 7, 2012
2. Objectives
Understand how the different components of PMI
(USAID, HHS, CDC) work together and with other
agencies;
Be familiar with the major international actors in
malaria control
Understand how the Global Fund application
process works
Discuss challenges and opportunities in coordination
3. The Major Actors
President’s Malaria Initiative
The Global Fund
Roll Back Malaria Partnership
World Health Organization/Global Malaria Program
4. President’s Malaria Initiative
Launched in June 2005 as a five-year, $1.2 billion
initiative to rapidly scale up malaria prevention and
treatment interventions
2008 Lantos-Hyde Act: funding extended through Fiscal
Year 2014
Managed by USAID in coordination with the Department
of Health and Human Services (CDC), the Department of
State, and the White House
17 Countries: Angola, Benin, DRC, Ethiopia, Ghana,
Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique,
Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia
www.pmi.gov
5. PMI Principles
PMI aligns its activities with host country malaria control
strategies and coordinates closely with international partners,
non-governmental organizations, community groups, and the
private sector
PMI is a core component of the Global Health Initiative (GHI),
along with HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis.
Adherence to GHI core principles
• encouraging country ownership • increasing impact and efficiency
and investing in country-led plans through strategic coordination
and health systems and programmatic integration
• strengthening and leveraging key • implementing a woman- and girl-
partnerships, multilateral centered approach
organizations, and private
contributions
• improving monitoring and • promoting research and
evaluation innovation
6. PMI Goal and Interventions
Goal: reduce malaria-related mortality by 70% in the original 15
countries by the end of 2015, by reaching 85% of the most
vulnerable groups – primarily pregnant women and children
under five years old – with proven preventive and therapeutic
interventions
PMI supports four key intervention strategies for malaria
prevention and control:
Spraying approved, long-lasting insecticides on the interior walls
of homes (indoor residual spraying)
Promotion and distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated
bednets (LLINs)
Training for medical personnel and community health workers to
improve malaria diagnosis and effective treatment
Prevention among pregnant women with prophylactic drugs
during prenatal care (intermittent preventive treatment)
7. PMI Country Operations
2 Resident Advisors in-country: USAID and CDC
Provide technical support to NMCP and oversee PMI-funded
programs
Annual Malaria Operational Plan (MOP)
Developed collaboratively with NMCP and local stakeholders
Background, progress, planned activities
Budget by activity and implementing mechanism
Reviewed and approved by USAID-CDC Technical Working
Group (TWG), followed by inter-agency steering group (ISG)
that includes HHS, OMB, White House
Any proposed changes must be described in reprogramming
memo, approved by PMI Coordinator
8. PMI Country Operations
Implementation mechanisms
Bilateral: conceived, funded and managed from the local
USAID Mission
Field Support: conceived by USAID/Washington, some central
funding and overall management; countries “buy in” and
manage local interventions
Funds allocated through competitive bidding
processes
Projects generally run 5 years
Advance planning for funds that are slow to come
9. The Global Fund to Fight AIDS,
Tuberculosis and Malaria
Created in 2002 to dramatically increase resources to fight three
of the world's most devastating diseases, and to direct those
resources to areas of greatest need
Partnership between governments, civil society, the private sector
and affected communities represents an innovative approach to
international health financing
Model based on the concepts of country ownership and
performance-based funding, which means that people in
countries implement their own programs based on their priorities
and the Global Fund provides financing on the condition that
verifiable results are achieved
http://www.theglobalfund.org
10. Global Fund Guiding Principles
Operate as a financial instrument, not an implementing entity
Make available and leverage additional financial resources
Support programs that evolve from national plans and
priorities
Operate in a balanced manner in terms of different regions,
diseases and interventions
Pursue an integrated and balanced approach to prevention and
treatment
Evaluate proposals through independent review process (TRP)
Operate with transparency and accountability
11. Global Fund Core Structures - Central
Global Fund Secretariat:
manages the grant portfolio, including screening
proposals submitted, issuing instructions to disburse
money and implementing performance-based funding of
grants
tasked with executing Board policies; resource
mobilization; providing strategic, policy, financial, legal
and administrative support; and overseeing monitoring
and evaluation
based in Geneva, no staff located outside its headquarters
12. Global Fund Core Structures - Central
Technical Review Panel (TRP):
independent group of international experts in the three
diseases and cross-cutting issues (health systems, M&E,
etc.)
meets regularly to review proposals based on technical
criteria and provide funding recommendations to the Board
13. Global Fund Core Structures - Central
Global Fund Board
composed of representatives from donor and recipient
gov-ernments, civil society, the private sector, private foundations,
and communities living with and affected by the diseases
responsible for the organization’s governance, including
establishing strategies and policies, making funding decisions and
setting budgets
works to advocate and mobilize resources for the organization
Global Fund Trustee
manages the organization’s money, which includes making
payments to recipients at the instruction of the Secretariat
The Trustee is cur-rently the World Bank
14. Global Fund Core Structures - Country
Country Coordinating Mechanism (CCM)
com-posed of all key stakeholders for the three diseases.
Demonstrates commitment to local ownership and
participatory decision-making
includes representatives from public and private
sectors, including governments, multilateral or bilateral
agencies, non-governmental organizations, academic
institutions, private businesses and people living with the
diseases
does not handle Global Fund financing itself
15. Global Fund Core Structures - Country
CCM Core Functions
coordinate the development and submission of national
proposals
nominate the Principal Recipient
oversee implementation of the approved grant and submit
requests for funding
approve any reprogramming and submit requests for
continued funding
ensure linkages and consistency between Global Fund
grants and other national health and development
programs
16. Global Fund Core Structures - Country
The Global Fund signs a legal grant agreement with a
Principal Recipient (PR)
designated by the CCM
receives Global Fund financing directly, and uses it to
implement prevention, care and treatment programs or
passes it on to other organizations (sub-recipients) who
provide those services
makes regular requests for additional disbursements from
the Global Fund based on demonstrated progress towards
the intended results
17. Global Fund Core Structures - Country
Local Fund Agents (LFAs)
firms contracted by Global Fund to monitor
implementation (selected through competitive bidding)
responsible for provid-ing recommendations to the
Secretariat on the capacity of the entities chosen to man-age
Global Fund financing and on the soundness of regular
requests for the disburse-ment of funds and result reports
submitted by PRs.
18. Operations
Annual call for proposals (“rounds”)
GF follows the principles of performance-based funding
in making funding decisions. Ensure that investments are
made only where grant funding is managed and spent
effectively on programs that achieve impact
Grants initially approved for two years (Phase 1) and
renewed for up to three additional years (Phase 2) based
on performance
Funding disbursed incrementally every three to six
months throughout the grant's lifespan, and each
disbursement is based on performance
19. High Level Independent Review Panel Recommendations
1. Turn the Page from Emergency to Sustainable Response
1.1 No Amnesty for Fraud, but Focus Oversight on More-Recent Rounds of
Grants
1.2 Strengthen the Relationship between the Secretariat and the Inspector
General
2. Declare a Doctrine of Risk and Manage to it
2.1 Adopt a New Risk-Management Framework
2.2 Redefine “Country Ownership”
2.3 Apply the Risk-Management Framework to the Existing Portfolio
3. Strengthen Internal Governance
3.1 Focus the Global Fund’s Board on Management, Strategy and Risk-
Management
3.2 Re-purpose the Committees (Investment, Audit, Finance)
3.3 Create an Executive Staff to Support the Global Fund’s Board
20. High Level Independent Review Panel Recommendations (2)
4. Streamline the Grant-Approval Process
4.1 Institute a Two-Stage Grant Process
4.2 Apply Risk-Differentiated Grant Processes and Requirements
5. Empower Middle-Management’s Decision-Making
5.1 Establish a Chief Risk Officer
5.2 Align the Staffing Pattern to Bolster Grant-Management
5.3 Empower the Fund Portfolio Managers
5.4 Streamline and Expand the Country Teams
5.5 Reinforce the Executive Management Team
5.6 Leverage the Investment in the Local Fund Agents
5.7 Define and Clarify the Role and Responsibilities of External Auditors
6. Get Serious About Results
6.1 Measure Outcomes, Not Inputs
6.2 Focus on Quality and Value, Rather than Quantity
6.3 Consolidate the Reform Agenda
21. Roll Back Malaria (RBM) Partnership
Lead international forum for malaria stakeholders to
coordinate implementation activity, formulate and promote
international policy positions relating to malaria, and to
promote advocacy for malaria prevention, control, and fund-
raising.
Launched in 1998 by WHO, UNICEF, UNDP and the World
Bank, in an effort to provide a coordinated global response to
the disease.
Led by the Executive Director, and served by a Secretariat that
is hosted by the World Health Organization in Geneva. The
Secretariat works to facilitate policy coordination at a global
level.
http://www.rollbackmalaria.org
22. Global Coordination
The RBM Partnership is the global framework to implement
coordinated action against malaria
mobilizes for action and resources and forges consensus among
partners
is comprised of more than 500 partners, including malaria endemic
countries, their bilateral and multilateral development partners, the
private sector, nongovernmental and community-based
organizations, foundations, and research and academic institutions
RBM’s overall strategy aims to reduce malaria morbidity and
mortality by reaching universal coverage and strengthening health
systems. The Global Malaria Action Plan defines two stages of
malaria control: (1) scaling-up for impact (SUFI) of preventive and
therapeutic interventions, and (2) sustaining control over time.
23. RBM Organization
Working Groups RBM Sub-Regional Networks
Malaria Advocacy (SRNs):
Communication
Central Africa
Harmonization: The HWG
facilitates and harmonizes East Africa
partners' support in response
to countries identified needs Southern Africa
and supports the
establishment of the 'three West Africa
ones' principles for malaria at
country level. Identify, coordinate, and
Resources respond to requests for
Vector Control technical assistance for the
Procurement and Supply scale-up of malaria control
Management
and treatment interventions
Case Management
Monitoring and Evaluation
Malaria in Pregnancy
24. World Health Organization/
Global Malaria Program (GMP)
Responsible for malaria surveillance, monitoring and
evaluation, policy and strategy formulation, technical
assistance, and coordination of WHO's global efforts to
fight malaria
As part of the World Health Organization, convenes
experts to review evidence and set global policies
GMP's policy advice provides the benchmark for national
malaria programmes and multilateral funding agencies
www.who.int/malaria
25. GMP Strategic Advantage
Unique position uniting high levels of expertise – and
WHO's field presence in all regions and all malaria-
endemic countries of the world – ensures harmonized
policy advice and the critical technical assistance necessary
to effect concrete and sustainable successes at global level
Activities focused on providing an integrated solution to the
various epidemiological and operational challenges
Promotes sound, evidence-based and locally appropriate
strategies.
Helps countries reach the most vulnerable populations and
ensure that needed interventions take into account social,
economic and environmental realities.
26. GMP Technical Assistance
Supports national malaria programmes worldwide and provides
technical assistance at country level on five main topics:
diagnosis and treatment (diagnostic tools, medicines, patient
management, quality assurance, supply chain management)
vector control and preventive measures (mosquito control; reducing the
risk of infection for local populations and international travellers)
elimination of malaria (expanding the malaria-free areas of the world)
surveillance, monitoring and evaluation (generating data for decision
making, quality assurance)
research (improving the tools to combat malaria, and the way we use
them)
Malaria National Professional Officer (NPO) in country offices
WHO/AFRO: regional headquarters in Brazzaville, Congo
27. Key Technical Documents/Reports
World Malaria Report
Malaria Treatment Guidelines
Anitmalarial efficacy and drug resistance: 2000-2010
Global Plan for Artemisinin Resistance Containment
Good Procurement Practices for Artemisinin-based
antimalarial medicines
Good Practices for Selecting and Procuring Rapid
Diagnostic Tests for Malaria
RDT Product Testing Results
Indoor Residual Spraying
28. WHOPES (WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme)
Set up in 1960, WHOPES promotes and coordinates the testing
and evaluation of pesticides for public health
Representatives of governments, manufacturers of pesticides and
pesticide application equipment, WHO Collaborating Centres
and research institutions, and other WHO programmes
Four-phase evaluation and testing programme, studying the
safety, efficacy and operational acceptability of public health
pesticides and developing specifications for quality control and
international trade
WHOPES collects, consolidates, evaluates and disseminates
information on the use of pesticides for public health.
Recommendations facilitate the registration of pesticides by
Member States.
29.
30. Challenges and Opportunities in Coordination
Among these actors, PMI is only one that has both money
and people on the ground
Global Fund: money, no people
RBM: people (but regional focus), no money
WHO: people, no money
WHO is the technical leader for malaria control
programs, personnel very well respected
Global Fund: It’s complicated
Objective: to have all partners supporting the NMCP plan
and strategies
Challenge: partners have their own agendas