Whole body stretch
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The document discusses active stretching and its benefits. Active stretching involves holding a pose for 10-30 seconds using only the muscles targeted by that pose. Each muscle group should be stretched 3-5 times. Benefits of active stretching include less tightness, better circulation, increased flexibility, pain relief, improved performance, and decreased chances of soft tissue injury. Active stretches can be static, dynamic, or ballistic.
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This document presents an overview of selected resistance training regimens, including progressive resistance exercise, circuit weight training, and isokinetic training. It describes progressive resistance exercise regimens like the Delorme and Oxford models which gradually increase weight loads over sets. Circuit weight training involves continuous exercises performed at stations targeting major muscle groups. Isokinetic training maintains a constant velocity of movement using specialized machines, typically starting at medium speeds for rehabilitation.
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AXES & PLANES
The document discusses different axes and planes of movement in the body. It defines an axis as a line about which movement takes place, and a plane as the surface perpendicular to the axis in which movement occurs. It describes the sagittal axis as running front to back parallel to the skull suture, the frontal or transverse axis as running side to side horizontally, and the vertical axis as running up and down parallel to the body. Common examples given to demonstrate the different axes are a watch face and pencil through paper. The document concludes that specific joint movements, like flexion and extension, occur around different axes and within certain planes.
BASE & EQUILIBRIUM
The document discusses the concepts of base, equilibrium, and stability as they relate to rigid bodies. It defines base as the area that supports a rigid body. Equilibrium occurs when forces acting on a body are balanced and it remains at rest. Stable equilibrium is when forces tend to restore a body to its original position after displacement. Unstable equilibrium is when initial displacement increases with small forces. Neutral equilibrium is when the height and position of a body's center of gravity remain the same despite displacement. The stability of the human body is greatest when lying down and becomes less stable in sitting and standing positions as the center of gravity rises and base reduces.
FORCE
This document discusses the concept of force in physics and physiotherapy. It defines force as something that can change the motion of a body. It describes how forces are characterized by their direction, magnitude, and point of application. It also explains how multiple forces can combine, including adding forces going in the same direction or balancing out forces going in opposite directions. The document notes that physiotherapists often apply forces to oppose or augment muscle and gravity forces on the human body. It provides examples of how compounding forces can increase power or produce rotation.
Active movement - Assisted exercises
Active movement refers to voluntary movement performed with one's own strength or energy. Assisted exercise involves applying an external force to help compensate for muscle deficiencies and ensure maximum effort from the weakened muscles. The principles of assisted exercise include applying assistance in the direction of muscle action, starting from a position of minimal tension in antagonistic muscles, and decreasing assistance as muscle power increases. The goal is for the patient to achieve controlled active movement without assistance over time through strengthening and retraining coordination.
Active movement free exercise
- Active or free exercise refers to voluntary movements performed without external resistance beyond gravity.
- Free exercises are classified as localized exercises targeting specific joints or muscle groups or general exercises involving many joints and muscles.
- The main benefits of free exercises include maintaining joint mobility, muscle power and tone, improving neuromuscular coordination, building confidence, and encouraging circulatory and respiratory cooperation. When performed correctly, free exercises can help rehabilitate muscles without external assistance.
Passive movements
Passive movement involves moving a body part without active muscle contraction. There are several types: relaxed passive movements where a therapist smoothly moves a joint within its pain-free range; accessory movements which are small rotational or gliding motions in a joint; and passive manual techniques like joint mobilizations and manipulations. Controlled stretching can also be applied to tight muscles and tissues. Passive movements help maintain range of motion, prevent adhesions, reduce swelling, and stretch contracted structures. They are important for patients who cannot actively move due to injury or condition.
Hvpgs
High voltage pulsed galvanic stimulation (HVPGS) is a form of electrical stimulation using very brief high voltage pulses to stimulate nerve and muscle fibers. HVPGS uses pairs of pulses lasting 0.1 milliseconds with peak currents of 2-2.5 amps applied at a frequency of 2-100 Hz. The brief pulses allow the current to pass easily through tissue. HVPGS is used to strengthen muscles, reduce pain, and aid wound healing by increasing blood flow and reducing edema. The document provides details on the parameters and generator of HVPGS and discusses its various applications.
INTERFERENTIAL THERAPY
Interferential therapy is a form of electrical stimulation that uses two medium frequency currents to produce a low frequency beating effect deeper in the tissues. It can provide analgesic, anti-inflammatory and muscle stimulation effects. IFT is applied using electrode pads or probes placed on the skin over the treatment area. Parameters like frequency, intensity, and application time can be modified based on the condition being treated. Common indications include pain, muscle spasm, edema, and post-surgical issues. Proper application and monitoring of settings is needed to provide benefit safely.
Relaxation
The document discusses various techniques for relaxation in three parts. It first covers general relaxation methods like different lying positions, comfort, and creating a restful atmosphere. Second, it describes additional relaxation techniques like conscious breathing, progressive relaxation, and contrast methods. Finally, it discusses local relaxation techniques for specific purposes like preparing for massage, relieving spasms, and combating muscle imbalances. The overall document provides an in-depth overview of relaxation methods used in physiotherapy.
Rebox
The Rebox device applies specific electric currents transcutaneously to treat pain, immobility, and musculoskeletal and neurological disorders. It works by restoring microcirculation, reducing inflammation, and improving blood and lymph flow. Treatment sessions last 5-10 minutes using different modes and electrode tips. Rebox is used for conditions like back pain, ankle sprains, and knee ligament injuries. Contraindications include open wounds, pregnancy, and use near pacemakers.
Gravity
Gravity is the force that attracts all bodies to Earth. The center of gravity of the human body is located around the body of the second sacral vertebra. However, its exact position varies depending on factors like gender, posture, and anatomical structure. The line of gravity passes vertically through the center of gravity. In standing posture, it passes through the mid-cervical vertebrae, mid-lumbar vertebrae, and between the feet at the transverse tarsal joints. The center of gravity and line of gravity change with different body postures and positions.
Elasticity
This document discusses elasticity and different elastic materials used in physiotherapy. It defines elasticity as the property of an object to regain its original shape after being distorted by a force. Hooke's law states that strain is proportional to stress. Springs, rubber elastic, and sorbo rubber possess elasticity. Springs can be used individually, in parallel to have the same weight but lower resistance, or in series to have double the resistance but the same weight. Rubber elastic and sorbo rubber are also compressible and extensible materials useful for resistance in physiotherapy.
Pulleys
This document discusses pulley systems and their uses in physiotherapy. It begins with definitions of pulleys and their components like blocks, tackles, ropes, and shells. It then explains different pulley combinations like gun tackles, luff tackles, and double tackles. Mechanical advantage is defined as the number of rope parts supporting the load. Fixed and movable pulleys are described. The document concludes by giving an example of a simple pulley system used to lift weights in physiotherapy, which has a mechanical advantage of 2.
States of equilibrium
There are three types of equilibrium: stable, unstable, and neutral. Stable equilibrium occurs when a body is displaced but forces act to restore it to its original position. Unstable equilibrium happens when initial displacement increases with applied forces, causing the body to fall. Neutral equilibrium maintains the center of gravity in relation to the base despite displacement. The human body is most stable lying down and least stable standing up as the center of gravity rises and base reduces.
Iontophoresis
Iontophoresis is a therapeutic modality used in physical therapy to administer specific medications into the patient's body. Common medications used include dexamethasone to reduce inflammation, acetic acid to break down calcium deposits, and chlorine to treat scar tissue. The specific medication depends on the treatment goals, such as reducing pain, improving mobility, or decreasing muscle spasms. Physical therapists select iontophoresis medications tailored to individual patient needs and conditions.
Therapuetic dc
1) Direct current refers to a continuous flow of electricity in one direction. Therapeutic direct current is applied for over 1 second and can cause sensory stimulation, hyperemia, and electrotonus in tissues.
2) Direct current is transmitted through wet pads or sponges in contact with the skin. Over time, chemical changes and electrolysis may occur near the electrodes.
3) Direct current can be used to accelerate wound healing, reduce pain through sensory stimulation, and destroy unwanted tissues at high densities through coagulation and liquefaction near the electrodes. Precautions must be taken with neoplastic or infected tissues.
Hydrotherapy
Hydrotherapy uses water, both internally and externally, for health purposes. It includes treatments like saunas, steam baths, and contrast therapy that use the physical properties of water like specific heat, thermal conductivity, buoyancy, resistance, and hydrostatic pressure. Physiologically, hydrotherapy can cleanse wounds, strengthen muscles, improve cardiovascular function, and induce relaxation. It is used for conditions like wound care, pain control, and edema management. Proper application of hydrotherapy involves evaluation, treatment selection, explanation to the patient, application of treatment, outcome assessment, and documentation. Different hydrotherapy treatments include water jets, underwater massage, mineral baths, whirlpools, and hot or cold baths
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Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Swisschem Dermacare has mentioned the List of The Best Antifungal Soap In India 2022. All of these soaps are trusted by various Dermatology Experts.
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
Ketone bodies and metabolism-biochemistry
This slide consists of all the topics of ketone . This can be used for exam purpose for writing about Diabetic keto acidosis etc . Thank you
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
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In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
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8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Treat the symptoms of indigestion, heartburn and stomach reflux with the 10 Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India.
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- 1. Prof. Dr. M. Rajesh, PT, M.P.T(cardio), BCRC TRINITY MISSION AND MEDICAL FOUNDATION MADURAI
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