This white paper discusses new approaches to network planning given convergence of fixed and mobile networks and divergence of applications and services. It proposes optimizing network planning to maximize benefits for investors, suppliers and operators while minimizing risks. The paper outlines challenges like self-similar traffic, dynamic routing and topological constraints. It advocates dividing the network planning problem into smaller subproblems and using techniques like queueing theory, simulation and optimization algorithms to develop short, medium and long-term plans that meet technical, economic and business factors over time as networks and technologies evolve.
Improvements for DMM in SDN and Virtualization-Based Mobile Network Architectureijmnct
The (r)evolution of wireless access infrastructure can be described as the convergence of the available radio communication systems towards a harmonized, more flexible and reconfigurable access system to match the current and upcoming demands. In recent years Softwarization and Virtualization technologies have moved from server and network domains to wireless domain and provides new perspectives of managing mobile networks functionalities. This paper provides evolution of the mobile network architecture in Software Defined Networking (SDN) and virtualization context and realizes it through the use of distribution of gateway function approach. Key improvements with proposed approach are to support efficient mobility management in heterogeneous access environments, remove the chains of IP preservation and optimal data path management according to application needs. A functional setup validates and assays the proposed evolution in terms of inter-system handover preparation, interruption and completion time relative to control plane delay requirements of the 5G networks.
IMPROVEMENTS FOR DMM IN SDN AND VIRTUALIZATION-BASED MOBILE NETWORK ARCHITECTUREijmnct
The (r)evolution of wireless access infrastructure can be described as the convergence of the available radio communication systems towards a harmonized, more flexible and reconfigurable access system to match the current and upcoming demands. In recent years Softwarization and Virtualization technologies have moved from server and network domains to wireless domain and provides new perspectives of
managing mobile networks functionalities. This paper provides evolution of the mobile network architecture in Software Defined Networking (SDN) and virtualization context and realizes it through the use of distribution of gateway function approach. Key improvements with proposed approach are to support efficient mobility management in heterogeneous access environments, remove the chains of IP preservation and optimal data path management according to application needs. A functional setup validates and assays the proposed evolution in terms of inter-system handover preparation, interruption
and completion time relative to control plane delay requirements of the 5G networks.
IMPROVEMENTS FOR DMM IN SDN AND VIRTUALIZATION-BASED MOBILE NETWORK ARCHITECTUREijmnct
The (r)evolution of wireless access infrastructure can be described as the convergence of the available radio communication systems towards a harmonized, more flexible and reconfigurable access system to match the current and upcoming demands. In recent years Softwarization and Virtualization technologies have moved from server and network domains to wireless domain and provides new perspectives of managing mobile networks functionalities. This paper provides evolution of the mobile network architecture in Software Defined Networking (SDN) and virtualization context and realizes it through the use of distribution of gateway function approach. Key improvements with proposed approach are to support efficient mobility management in heterogeneous access environments, remove the chains of IP
preservation and optimal data path management according to application needs. A functional setup
validates and assays the proposed evolution in terms of inter-system handover preparation, interruption and completion time relative to control plane delay requirements of the 5G networks.
"Performance Analysis of In-Network Caching in Content-Centric Advanced Meter...Khaled Ben Driss
"Performance Analysis of In-Network Caching in Content-Centric Advanced Metering Infrastructure" The International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications(IJACSA), Volume 7 Issue 11, 2016.
Improvements for DMM in SDN and Virtualization-Based Mobile Network Architectureijmnct
The (r)evolution of wireless access infrastructure can be described as the convergence of the available radio communication systems towards a harmonized, more flexible and reconfigurable access system to match the current and upcoming demands. In recent years Softwarization and Virtualization technologies have moved from server and network domains to wireless domain and provides new perspectives of managing mobile networks functionalities. This paper provides evolution of the mobile network architecture in Software Defined Networking (SDN) and virtualization context and realizes it through the use of distribution of gateway function approach. Key improvements with proposed approach are to support efficient mobility management in heterogeneous access environments, remove the chains of IP preservation and optimal data path management according to application needs. A functional setup validates and assays the proposed evolution in terms of inter-system handover preparation, interruption and completion time relative to control plane delay requirements of the 5G networks.
IMPROVEMENTS FOR DMM IN SDN AND VIRTUALIZATION-BASED MOBILE NETWORK ARCHITECTUREijmnct
The (r)evolution of wireless access infrastructure can be described as the convergence of the available radio communication systems towards a harmonized, more flexible and reconfigurable access system to match the current and upcoming demands. In recent years Softwarization and Virtualization technologies have moved from server and network domains to wireless domain and provides new perspectives of
managing mobile networks functionalities. This paper provides evolution of the mobile network architecture in Software Defined Networking (SDN) and virtualization context and realizes it through the use of distribution of gateway function approach. Key improvements with proposed approach are to support efficient mobility management in heterogeneous access environments, remove the chains of IP preservation and optimal data path management according to application needs. A functional setup validates and assays the proposed evolution in terms of inter-system handover preparation, interruption
and completion time relative to control plane delay requirements of the 5G networks.
IMPROVEMENTS FOR DMM IN SDN AND VIRTUALIZATION-BASED MOBILE NETWORK ARCHITECTUREijmnct
The (r)evolution of wireless access infrastructure can be described as the convergence of the available radio communication systems towards a harmonized, more flexible and reconfigurable access system to match the current and upcoming demands. In recent years Softwarization and Virtualization technologies have moved from server and network domains to wireless domain and provides new perspectives of managing mobile networks functionalities. This paper provides evolution of the mobile network architecture in Software Defined Networking (SDN) and virtualization context and realizes it through the use of distribution of gateway function approach. Key improvements with proposed approach are to support efficient mobility management in heterogeneous access environments, remove the chains of IP
preservation and optimal data path management according to application needs. A functional setup
validates and assays the proposed evolution in terms of inter-system handover preparation, interruption and completion time relative to control plane delay requirements of the 5G networks.
"Performance Analysis of In-Network Caching in Content-Centric Advanced Meter...Khaled Ben Driss
"Performance Analysis of In-Network Caching in Content-Centric Advanced Metering Infrastructure" The International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications(IJACSA), Volume 7 Issue 11, 2016.
An optimum dynamic priority-based call admission control scheme for universal...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The dynamism associated with quality of service (QoS) requirement for traffic emanating from smarter end users devices founded on the internet of things (IoTs) drive, places a huge demand on modern telecommunication infrastructure. Most telecom networks, currently utilize robust call admission control (CAC) policies to ameliorate this challenge. However, the need for smarter CAC has becomes imperative owing to the sensitivity of traffic currently being supported. In this work, we developed a prioritized CAC algorithm for third Generation (3G) wireless cellular network. Based on the dynamic priority CAC (DP-CAC) model, we proposed an optimal dynamic priority CAC (ODP-CAC) scheme for Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). We then carried out simulation under heavy traffic load while also exploiting renegotiation among different call traffic classes. Also, we introduced queuing techniques to enhance the new calls success probability while still maintaining a good handoff failure across the network. Results show that ODP-CAC provides an improved performance with regards to the probability of call drop for new calls, network load utilization and grade of service with average percentage value of 15.7%, 5.4% and 0.35% respectively.
On the real time hardware implementation feasibility of joint radio resource ...IEEEFINALYEARPROJECTS
To Get any Project for CSE, IT ECE, EEE Contact Me @ 09849539085, 09966235788 or mail us - ieeefinalsemprojects@gmail.co¬m-Visit Our Website: www.finalyearprojects.org
Towards automated service-oriented lifecycle management for 5G networksEricsson
5G networks will be a key enabler for the Internet of Things by providing a platform for connecting a massive number of devices with heterogeneous sets of network quality requirements. In this environment, 5G network operators will have to solve the complex challenge of managing network services for diverse customer sectors (such as automotive, health or energy) with different requirements throughout their lifecycle.
NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR MACHINE TO MACHINE COMMUNICATION IN SOFTNET TOWARDS 5Gijwmn
Machine to Machine communication or M2M, refers to a model of communication where devices communicate directly with each other using the available wired or wireless channels. M2M is a new concept proposed under 3GPP(3rd Generation Partnership Project); several research are working on providing solutions for M2M communication for the 5G networks. Challenges associated with M2M communication are the lack of standards, security, poor infrastructure, interoperability and diverse architecture. In this paper, we propose a new mechanism called TM2M5G (The Machine to Machine for 5G) based on SOFTNET platform which results in support of 5G heterogeneous network. In this paper, we
propose the architecture for M2M communication based on SOFTNET and provide new features support like security algorithms for data transmission among devices and scheduling algorithm for seamless transmission of data packets over the network. Finallysimulation results ofthis algorithm based on a system level simulator, considering two different approaches for analyzing the parameters such as delay, throughput and bandwidth are presented.
Practical active network services within content-aware gatewaysTal Lavian Ph.D.
The Internet has seen an increase in complexity due to the introduction of new types of networking devices and services, particularly at points of discontinuity known as network edges. As the networking industry continues to add revenue generating services at network edges, there is an increasing need to provide a systematic method for dynamically introducing and providing these new services in lieu of the ad-hoc approach that is in use today. To this end we support a phased approach to "activating" the Internet and suggest that there exists an immediate need for realizing Active Networks concepts at the network edges. In this context, we present our efforts towards the development of a Content-aware Active Gateway (CAG) architecture. With the help of two practical services running on our initial prototype, built from commercial networking devices, we give a qualitative and quantitative view of the CAG potential.
Analysis of back propagation and radial basis function neural networks for ha...IJECEIAES
In mobile systems, handoff is a vital process, referring to a process of allocating an ongoing call from one BS to another BS. The handover technique is very important to maintain the Quality of service. Handover algorithms, based on neural networks, fuzzy logic etc. can be used for the same purpose to keep Quality of service as high as possible. In this paper, it is proposed that back propagation networks and radial basis functions may be used for taking handover decision in wireless communication networks. The performance of these classifiers is evaluated on the basis of neurons in hidden layer, training time and classification accuracy. The proposed approach shows that radial basis function neural network give better results for making handover decisions in wireless heterogeneous networks with classification accuracy of 90%.
M phil-computer-science-wireless-communication-projectsVijay Karan
List of Wireless Communication IEEE 2006 Projects. It Contains the IEEE Projects in the Domain Wireless Communication for M.Phil Computer Science students.
CROSS LAYER DESIGN APPROACH FOR EFFICIENT DATA DELIVERY BASED ON IEEE 802.11P...pijans
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have been one of the promising technology that has a great interest attention from many researchers over the world. Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) communications environment as a part of ITS opens the way for a wide range of applications such as safety applications, mobility and connectivity for both driver and passengers to exploit the transport systems in a smoothly, efficiently and safer way. Several challenging tasks facing adopting VANET functionality for ITS such as modelling of wireless transmission and routing issues. These research issues have become more critical due to the high mobility of vehicles nodes (transmitters and receivers) and unexpected network topology due to the high speed of nodes. In fact, modelling radio propagation channel in VANET environment which considers as one of a stringent communications environment is a challenging task. The selection of a suitable transmission model plays a key role in the routing decisions for VANET. Different propagation models allow calculating the Received Signal Strength (RSS) based on key environmental properties such as the distance between transmitter vehicle and a receiver vehicle, the gain and antenna height of transmitter and a receiver vehicles. Hence, it is useful to calculate RSS and SNR values for a specific propagation model and then these values can be used later for routing decision in order to find the best path with high SNR. This paper evaluates the performance of different transmission models (freespace, two-ray and log-normal) in terms of Receive Signal Strength (RSS). In addition, the performance of such wireless transmission models for vehicular communication in terms of PDR, throughput and delay is evaluated by applying the proposed cross layer routing approach based on IEEE 802.11p. By using MATLAB, the obtained results confirm the best packet delivery ratio for our proposed approach, where it indicates poor quality of DSSS PHY with high number vehicles. The minimum delay achieved when traffic density is decreased.
Extended Bandwidth Optimized and Energy Efficient Dynamic Source Routing Prot...IJECEIAES
With the increase in the evolution of wireless communication, the ad-hoc networks are gaining attention and are significantly becoming the technology solutions to the various problems. Mobile ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are envisaged to grow as a main component in the today 4G architecture, and ad hoc networks are projected to be a significant element of the whole future wireless communication. The MANETs are infrastructure less, self-forming and self-organizing network in which there is no control of any centralized entity. The nodes are free to move around the network with dynamic topology. But this self formation, flexibility and scalability create many challenges and design constraints like hidden terminal, limited bandwidth, limited energy of a node, unpredictable change in the topology etc. Bandwidth and energy are the scarce resources of the network. In order to effectively manage the consumption of bandwidth and energy, an algorithm is proposed which is the extension of traditional Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) reactive routing protocol. The extended protocol applies the mobile agents to carry the data. The proposed work is intended to optimize the bandwidth and making the protocol energy efficient.
A FLEXIBLE SOFTWARE/HARDWARE ADAPTIVE NETWORK FOR EMBEDDED DISTRIBUTED ARCHIT...csijjournal
Embedded platforms are projected to integrate hundreds of cores in the near future, and expanding the
interconnection network remains a key challenge. We propose SNet, a new Scalable NETwork paradigm
that extends the NoCs area to include a software/hardware dynamic routing mechanism. To design routing
pathways among communicating processes, it uses a distributed, adaptive, non-supervised routing method
based on the ACO algorithm (Ant Colony Optimization). A small footprint hardware unit called DMC
speeds up data transfer (Direct Management of Communications). SNet has the benefit of being extremely
versatile, allowing for the creation of a broad range of routing topologies to meet the needs of various
applications. We provide the DMC module in this work and assess SNet performance by executing a large
number of test cases.
An optimum dynamic priority-based call admission control scheme for universal...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The dynamism associated with quality of service (QoS) requirement for traffic emanating from smarter end users devices founded on the internet of things (IoTs) drive, places a huge demand on modern telecommunication infrastructure. Most telecom networks, currently utilize robust call admission control (CAC) policies to ameliorate this challenge. However, the need for smarter CAC has becomes imperative owing to the sensitivity of traffic currently being supported. In this work, we developed a prioritized CAC algorithm for third Generation (3G) wireless cellular network. Based on the dynamic priority CAC (DP-CAC) model, we proposed an optimal dynamic priority CAC (ODP-CAC) scheme for Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). We then carried out simulation under heavy traffic load while also exploiting renegotiation among different call traffic classes. Also, we introduced queuing techniques to enhance the new calls success probability while still maintaining a good handoff failure across the network. Results show that ODP-CAC provides an improved performance with regards to the probability of call drop for new calls, network load utilization and grade of service with average percentage value of 15.7%, 5.4% and 0.35% respectively.
On the real time hardware implementation feasibility of joint radio resource ...IEEEFINALYEARPROJECTS
To Get any Project for CSE, IT ECE, EEE Contact Me @ 09849539085, 09966235788 or mail us - ieeefinalsemprojects@gmail.co¬m-Visit Our Website: www.finalyearprojects.org
Towards automated service-oriented lifecycle management for 5G networksEricsson
5G networks will be a key enabler for the Internet of Things by providing a platform for connecting a massive number of devices with heterogeneous sets of network quality requirements. In this environment, 5G network operators will have to solve the complex challenge of managing network services for diverse customer sectors (such as automotive, health or energy) with different requirements throughout their lifecycle.
NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR MACHINE TO MACHINE COMMUNICATION IN SOFTNET TOWARDS 5Gijwmn
Machine to Machine communication or M2M, refers to a model of communication where devices communicate directly with each other using the available wired or wireless channels. M2M is a new concept proposed under 3GPP(3rd Generation Partnership Project); several research are working on providing solutions for M2M communication for the 5G networks. Challenges associated with M2M communication are the lack of standards, security, poor infrastructure, interoperability and diverse architecture. In this paper, we propose a new mechanism called TM2M5G (The Machine to Machine for 5G) based on SOFTNET platform which results in support of 5G heterogeneous network. In this paper, we
propose the architecture for M2M communication based on SOFTNET and provide new features support like security algorithms for data transmission among devices and scheduling algorithm for seamless transmission of data packets over the network. Finallysimulation results ofthis algorithm based on a system level simulator, considering two different approaches for analyzing the parameters such as delay, throughput and bandwidth are presented.
Practical active network services within content-aware gatewaysTal Lavian Ph.D.
The Internet has seen an increase in complexity due to the introduction of new types of networking devices and services, particularly at points of discontinuity known as network edges. As the networking industry continues to add revenue generating services at network edges, there is an increasing need to provide a systematic method for dynamically introducing and providing these new services in lieu of the ad-hoc approach that is in use today. To this end we support a phased approach to "activating" the Internet and suggest that there exists an immediate need for realizing Active Networks concepts at the network edges. In this context, we present our efforts towards the development of a Content-aware Active Gateway (CAG) architecture. With the help of two practical services running on our initial prototype, built from commercial networking devices, we give a qualitative and quantitative view of the CAG potential.
Analysis of back propagation and radial basis function neural networks for ha...IJECEIAES
In mobile systems, handoff is a vital process, referring to a process of allocating an ongoing call from one BS to another BS. The handover technique is very important to maintain the Quality of service. Handover algorithms, based on neural networks, fuzzy logic etc. can be used for the same purpose to keep Quality of service as high as possible. In this paper, it is proposed that back propagation networks and radial basis functions may be used for taking handover decision in wireless communication networks. The performance of these classifiers is evaluated on the basis of neurons in hidden layer, training time and classification accuracy. The proposed approach shows that radial basis function neural network give better results for making handover decisions in wireless heterogeneous networks with classification accuracy of 90%.
M phil-computer-science-wireless-communication-projectsVijay Karan
List of Wireless Communication IEEE 2006 Projects. It Contains the IEEE Projects in the Domain Wireless Communication for M.Phil Computer Science students.
CROSS LAYER DESIGN APPROACH FOR EFFICIENT DATA DELIVERY BASED ON IEEE 802.11P...pijans
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have been one of the promising technology that has a great interest attention from many researchers over the world. Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) communications environment as a part of ITS opens the way for a wide range of applications such as safety applications, mobility and connectivity for both driver and passengers to exploit the transport systems in a smoothly, efficiently and safer way. Several challenging tasks facing adopting VANET functionality for ITS such as modelling of wireless transmission and routing issues. These research issues have become more critical due to the high mobility of vehicles nodes (transmitters and receivers) and unexpected network topology due to the high speed of nodes. In fact, modelling radio propagation channel in VANET environment which considers as one of a stringent communications environment is a challenging task. The selection of a suitable transmission model plays a key role in the routing decisions for VANET. Different propagation models allow calculating the Received Signal Strength (RSS) based on key environmental properties such as the distance between transmitter vehicle and a receiver vehicle, the gain and antenna height of transmitter and a receiver vehicles. Hence, it is useful to calculate RSS and SNR values for a specific propagation model and then these values can be used later for routing decision in order to find the best path with high SNR. This paper evaluates the performance of different transmission models (freespace, two-ray and log-normal) in terms of Receive Signal Strength (RSS). In addition, the performance of such wireless transmission models for vehicular communication in terms of PDR, throughput and delay is evaluated by applying the proposed cross layer routing approach based on IEEE 802.11p. By using MATLAB, the obtained results confirm the best packet delivery ratio for our proposed approach, where it indicates poor quality of DSSS PHY with high number vehicles. The minimum delay achieved when traffic density is decreased.
Extended Bandwidth Optimized and Energy Efficient Dynamic Source Routing Prot...IJECEIAES
With the increase in the evolution of wireless communication, the ad-hoc networks are gaining attention and are significantly becoming the technology solutions to the various problems. Mobile ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are envisaged to grow as a main component in the today 4G architecture, and ad hoc networks are projected to be a significant element of the whole future wireless communication. The MANETs are infrastructure less, self-forming and self-organizing network in which there is no control of any centralized entity. The nodes are free to move around the network with dynamic topology. But this self formation, flexibility and scalability create many challenges and design constraints like hidden terminal, limited bandwidth, limited energy of a node, unpredictable change in the topology etc. Bandwidth and energy are the scarce resources of the network. In order to effectively manage the consumption of bandwidth and energy, an algorithm is proposed which is the extension of traditional Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) reactive routing protocol. The extended protocol applies the mobile agents to carry the data. The proposed work is intended to optimize the bandwidth and making the protocol energy efficient.
A FLEXIBLE SOFTWARE/HARDWARE ADAPTIVE NETWORK FOR EMBEDDED DISTRIBUTED ARCHIT...csijjournal
Embedded platforms are projected to integrate hundreds of cores in the near future, and expanding the
interconnection network remains a key challenge. We propose SNet, a new Scalable NETwork paradigm
that extends the NoCs area to include a software/hardware dynamic routing mechanism. To design routing
pathways among communicating processes, it uses a distributed, adaptive, non-supervised routing method
based on the ACO algorithm (Ant Colony Optimization). A small footprint hardware unit called DMC
speeds up data transfer (Direct Management of Communications). SNet has the benefit of being extremely
versatile, allowing for the creation of a broad range of routing topologies to meet the needs of various
applications. We provide the DMC module in this work and assess SNet performance by executing a large
number of test cases.
SSAS, MDX , Cube understanding, Browsing and Tools information Vishal Pawar
Why we need SSAS Cube
What is SSAS Cube
Way to access Cube
What is Dimension and Attributes
QHP Dimension and Attributes
Process Flow and QHP Cube Browsing
MDX Basics
MDX Tools
Comparison of Queries Written in T-SQL and MDX with Construct
MDX –How to add where condition
This talk given at the Hadoop Summit in San Jose on June 28, 2016, analyzes a few major trends in Big Data analytics.
These are a few takeaways from this talk:
- Adopt Apache Beam for easier development and portability between Big Data Execution Engines.
- Adopt stream analytics for faster time to insight, competitive advantages and operational efficiency.
- Accelerate your Big Data applications with In-Memory open source tools.
- Adopt Rapid Application Development of Big Data applications: APIs, Notebooks, GUIs, Microservices…
- Have Machine Learning part of your strategy or passively watch your industry completely transformed!
- How to advance your strategy for hybrid integration between cloud and on-premise deployments?
Big data architectures and the data lakeJames Serra
With so many new technologies it can get confusing on the best approach to building a big data architecture. The data lake is a great new concept, usually built in Hadoop, but what exactly is it and how does it fit in? In this presentation I'll discuss the four most common patterns in big data production implementations, the top-down vs bottoms-up approach to analytics, and how you can use a data lake and a RDBMS data warehouse together. We will go into detail on the characteristics of a data lake and its benefits, and how you still need to perform the same data governance tasks in a data lake as you do in a data warehouse. Come to this presentation to make sure your data lake does not turn into a data swamp!
Optimization and Evaluation of a Multimedia Streaming Service on Hybrid Telco...ijccsa
With recent developments in cloud computing, a paradigm shift from rather static deployment of resources to more dynamic, on-demand practices means more flexibility and better utilization of resources. This demands new ways to efficiently configure networks. In this paper, we will characterize a class of competitive cloud services that telecom operators could provide based on the characteristics of telecom infrastructure through an applicable streaming service architecture. Then, we will model this architecture as a cost-based mathematic model. This model provides a tool to evaluate and compare the cost of software services for different telecom network topologies and deployment strategies. Additionally, with each topology it acts as a means to characterize the deployment solution that yields the lowest resource usage over the entire network. These applications are illustrated through numerical analysis. Finally, a proof-of-concept prototype is deployed to shows dynamic properties of the service in the architecture and the model above
Optical Networks Automation Overview: A SurveySergio Cruzes
The increasing demand for data has driven the advancement of optical networks from traditional architectures to
more flexible, dynamic and efficient solutions. This includes technologies like flexgrid reconfigurable optical add-drop
multiplexers (ROADMs), variable bandwidth transponders (VBTs) providing different modulation, coding schemes
and baud rates. These advancements have brought about new challenges that concerns to the routing and spectrum
allocation (RSA), fragmented spectrum, need for rapid and efficient channel restoration, and operation and maintenance
management of optical networks. To address these challenges, a dynamic and flexible network requires a highly advanced
network operational system (OS) capable of efficiently managing and allocating network resources. It relies on network
abstraction, sensors, actuators, and software-defined networking (SDN) to enable algorithms, management, control, and
decision-making. Improving the sensing capabilities of the network is crucial. Modern hardware and sensor technology
can help forecast fiber breaks, equipment failures, and other potential issues in advance, allowing for proactive actions
to be taken. Machine learning (ML) methods have been proposed in the literature to enhance the accuracy of quality
of transmission (QoT) estimation, mitigate nonlinearities and provide decisions. This reduces the need for conservative
design margins, maximizes the capacity of optical network systems and reduces the investment in infrastructure. Failure
management is a critical aspect of optical networks. Providing early-warning and proactive protection is essential. This
includes detecting failures, localizing them, identifying the root causes, and estimating their magnitude. Quick response
to failures is vital to maintaining network reliability.
Dynamic Topology Re-Configuration in Multihop Cellular Networks Using Sequent...IJERA Editor
Cellular communications has experienced explosive growth in the past two decades. Today millions of people around the world use cellular phones. Cellular phones allow a person to make or receive a call from almost anywhere. Likewise, a person is allowed to continue the phone conversation while on the move. Cellular communications is supported by an infrastructure called a cellular network, which integrates cellular phones into the public switched telephone network. The cellular network has gone through three generations.The first generation of cellular networks is analog in nature. To accommodate more cellular phone subscribers, digital TDMA (time division multiple access) and CDMA (code division multiple access) technologies are used in the second generation (2G) to increase the network capacity. With digital technologies, digitized voice can be coded and encrypted. Therefore, the 2G cellular network is also more secure. The third generation (3G) integrates cellular phones into the Internet world by providing highspeed packet-switching data transmission in addition to circuit-switching voice transmission. The 3G cellular networks have been deployed in some parts of Asia, Europe, and the United States since 2002 and will be widely deployed in the coming years. The high increase in traffic and data rate for future generations of mobile communication systems, with simultaneous requirement for reduced power consumption, makes Multihop Cellular Networks (MCNs) an attractive technology. To exploit the potentials of MCNs a new network paradigm is proposed in this paper. In addition, a novel sequential genetic algorithm (SGA) is proposed as a heuristic approximation to reconfigure the optimum relaying topology as the network traffic changes. Network coding is used to combine the uplink and downlink transmissions, and incorporate it into the optimum bidirectional relaying with ICI awareness. Numerical results have shown that the algorithms suggested in this thesis provide significant improvement with respect to the existing results, and are expected to have significant impact in the analysis and design of future cellular networks.
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Advanced techno-economic modelling of distribution network investment require...Power System Operation
In an increasingly dynamic and changing electricity sector
with rising distributed energy resources, new network investment models are needed that enable consideration
of flexibility, uncertainty and risk. Existing modelling frameworks include “top down” models that offer a comparison of investment and investment strategies between
scenarios and “bottom up” models that consider detailed
technical impacts on real networks. These frameworks are broadly appropriate for analysing investment, with
the requirements of the business, stakeholders and
regulator influencing the specific model design and
implementation. There are a number of dimensions across network engineering, investment, customers and energy markets to be captured and represented in the modelling
at some level. This paper presents a number of advanced modelling techniques which can be applied to both topdown
and bottom up modelling frameworks, enabling
better consideration of customer variability, network risk and optioneering of solutions.
Drawing on Bayesian statistics, customer load has been represented using a sophisticated statistical model that
reflects both variability and uncertainty in demand on LV networks. This can help to explicitly quantify network risk due to existing loads, new loads and customer flexibility. A network ‘emulator’ model provides significantly faster run-
times for analysis of large solution sets by parameterising the variables of a power flow model against the inputs.
This has been applied and tested with LV, HV and EHV networks with results closely matching equivalent power
flow models. Implemented in combination with the
Bayesian customer load model enables probabilistic,
risk- based modelling. A constrained cost optimisation algorithm has also been developed to find the lowest cost
HYBRID OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL NETWORK FLOWS SCHEDULING IN CLOUD DATA CENTRESijcsit
Hybrid intra-data centre networks, with optical and electrical capabilities, are attracting research interest
in recent years. This is attributed to the emergence of new bandwidth greedy applications and novel
computing paradigms. A key decision to make in networks of this type is the selection and placement of
suitable flows for switching in circuit network. Here, we propose an efficient strategy for flow selection and
placement suitable for hybrid Intra-cloud data centre networks. We further present techniques for
investigating bottlenecks in a packet networks and for the selection of flows to switch in circuit network.
The bottleneck technique is verified on a Software Defined Network (SDN) testbed. We also implemented
the techniques presented here in a scalable simulation experiment to investigate the impact of flow
selection on network performance. Results obtained from scalable simulation experiment indicate a
considerable improvement on average throughput, lower configuration delay, and stability of offloaded
flows..
A Professional QoS Provisioning in the Intra Cluster Packet Level Resource Al...GiselleginaGloria
Wireless mesh networking has transpired as a gifted technology for potential broadband wireless access. In a communication network, wireless mesh network plays a vital role in transmission and are structured in a mesh topology. The coordination of mesh routers and mesh clients forms the wireless mesh networks which are routed through the gateways. Wireless mesh networks uses IEEE 802.11 standards and has its wide applications broadband home networking and enterprise networking deployment such as Microsoft wireless mesh and MIT etc. A professional Qos provisioning in intra cluster packet level resource allocation for WMN approach takes power allocation, sub carrier allocation and packet scheduling. This approach combines the merits of a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) algorithm and a genetic algorithm (GA) based approach. The KKT algorithm uses uniform power allocation over all the subcarriers, based on the optimal allocation criterion. The genetic algorithm is used to generate useful solutions to optimization and search problems and it is also used for search problems. By combining the intrinsic worth of both the approaches, it facilitates effective QOS provisioning at the packet level. It is concluded that, this approach achieves a preferred stability between system implementation and computational convolution.
A Grouped System Architecture for Smart Grids Based AMI Communications Over LTE ijwmn
A smart grid based Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), is a technology that enables the utilities to
monitor and control the electricity consumption through a set of various smart meters (SMs) connected via
a two way communication infrastructure. One of the key challenges for smart grids is how to connect a
large number of devices. On the other hand, 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE), the latest standard for mobile
communications, was developed to provide stable service performance and higher data rates for a large
number of mobile users. Therefore, LTE is considered a promising solution for wide area connectivity for
SMs. In this paper, a grouped hierarchal architecture for SMs communications over LTE is introduced.
Then, an efficient grouped scheduling technique is proposed for SMs transmissions over LTE. The
proposed architecture efficiently solves the overload problem due to AMI traffic and guarantees a full
monitoring and control for energy consumption. The results of our suggested solution showed that LTE can
serve better for smart grids based AMI with particular grouping and scheduling scheme. In addition, the
presented technique can able to be used in urban areas having high density of SMs.
A wireless network consists of a set of wireless nodes forming the network. The bandwidth allocation scheme used in wireless networks should automatically adapt to the network’s environments, where issues such as mobility are highly variable. This paper proposes a method to distribute the bandwidth for wireless network nodes depending on dynamic methodology;this methodology uses intelligent clustering techniques that depend on the student’s distribution at the university campus, rather than the classical allocation methods. We propose a clustering-based approach to solve the dynamic bandwidth allocation problem in wireless networks, enabling wireless nodes to adapt their bandwidth allocation according to the changing number of expected users over time. The proposed solution allows the optimal online bandwidth allocation based on the data extracted from the lectures timetable, and fed to the wireless network control nodes, allowing them to adapt to their environment. The environment data is processed and clustered using the KMeans clustering algorithm to identify potential peak times for every wireless node. The proposed solution feasibility is tested by applying the approach to a case study, at the Arab American University campus wireless network.
How to implement GDPR using SAP ILM Customization of ILM Objects for ERP, HCM BW to identify personal data, how to create a PoC or deletion, block or residence with legal cases concept
Big data analytics for telecom operators final use cases 0712-2014_prof_m erdasProf Dr Mehmed ERDAS
Big Data Analytics for TELCOs Customer Experience Management Permission Based Marketing for Location and Movement Data Data Modelling Business Use Cases Data Mining BSS OSS COTS OTT Churm Modeling Markov Processes HANA HADOOP INtegration Video Streaming Test cases
1. White Paper
New Universal Evolution of Telecommunications Network Planning:
Fixed-Mobile Convergence with Application and Service
Divergence
Prof.Dr.Dipl.Ing.Mehmet Erdas
SIEMENS PSE TN MNS SA
mehmet.erdas@siemens.at
Abstract:
The unification of both packet- and circuit switched world leading to the convergence of fixed
and mobile networks together with the database planning, necessitated the concomitant
introduction of new applications and services in order to protect the previous
telecommunications investments of operators or investors, who are urgently looking for the
protection of their investments. This paper gives an overview of how to optimize the network
planning problem by maximizing benefits while minimizing the risks of the investors-
suppliers-and operators, under the light of latest developments in the area of network
planning like the self-similarity of traffic, dynamic routing and topological constraints ,
summarizing the scope and the methodology of network planning and network management.
The next generation of access, switching, and transmission networks, as well as the end-
user IT-equipment will be much more faster and intelligent, much more self-contained-and
actively self-regulating, adapting themselves through their own iterative adjustment and
decision making mechanisms to their own conditions or adaptive goal-settings. .
The New Network Planning and Network Management Teams has to act at the speed of light
or at least at the speed of thought, in order to be able to keep pace with the accelerated rate
of change of the market demand (All-IP, IPsec, DiffServ QoS),as the main driving force of the
technological innovation.The new stored program controlled complex procedures with fully
open interfaces will make the active networks soon a market reality leading to the
convergence of the fixed-and mobile networks. The All-IP (Ipv4 replaced soon by Ipv6)
convergence of different protocol stacks are to be achieved by the unification of circuit-and
packet switched technologies through queueing theory and stochastic discrete event
simulation.
The new unified network architectures enabling gigabits or terabits of throughput with
underlying topological configurations and dynamic routing policies will in themselves be
offered as a totally new revenue generating business, service or product. The world of ISPs
or ASPs will be too complicated facing the question of survival against rapidly changing
challenging market conditions. The Operators –Suppliers-and Investors of future
telecommunications products or services will definitely need the network as an intelligent
unique product in itself offered by the Network Planners or Consultants, because ISPs /ASPs
are just about to loose their own control, or having to outsource , at least losing soon their
degrees of freedom and/or competence in decision making to the network planners of the
universally converged, but with services and applications totally diverged next generation
networks.
Mehmet Erdas page 1
2. Introduction:
Network Planning Problem means in the broadest sense how to meet the customer,
business and infrastructure specific conflicting competitive objectives under efficient
resource-and capacity utilization constraints over time.
The term „network planning“ has a broad scope of coverage, implying fundamentally both the
strategical -and the operational network planning processes, which can be summarized as
the radio network planning process tuned to the fixed-and mobile network planning
processes , short-medium-and long-term resource allocation problem , capacity assignment
and routing problem together with the integrated network data base planning,considering the
network evolution, network compatibility and the integration of OEM-products into existing
networks, network planning standardization, security and diffserv capability of a variety of
middleware applications developed independently of underlying network structures, but as a
feedback influence increasing the complexity of network traffic load, assuming a unified
future network described by ist network database. The treatment of telecommunications
network economics against the network availibility,network redundancy (availibility of
redundant paths meeting overload and burstiness in peak hours ), network security and
network database back-up and recovery concepts should be the main emphasis of an
integrated network planning. Shortly defined, the integrated network planning process covers
the orderly , time-dependent efficient deployment and management of computer-and data
communications facilities. The new service product Network Planning is used in both the
operational ( referring to existing telecommunication networks) and the strategical
sense( identifying future technology trends driven by market forces ).The evolutionary
network planning aims at the overall technological-economical-and financial integration of
new network components features and technologies into existing networks.
For the development of network planning and integration tools, the well-known classical
O.R. algorithms of advanced.dynamic integer.programming and graph theory, queueing
theory and combinatorial optimization, branch and bound methods, penalty methods, and
Discrete Event Simulation.are the most commonly used network planning and optimization
algorithms..(1),(2),(3),.(14)
The Network planning problem has to be understood as an optimization problem, stated
under the optimization criteria of cost effectiveness, high reliability- availibility-flexibility,
extendability of networks and network components to minimize the overall network costs
(reduce equipment) with a modular subnetworks structure. The general planning factors to
be considered are mainly the technological factors, economical factors, financial factors,
business factors, organizational factors,and environmental factors. Depending upon the level
of planning detail required , for the definition of the network components, network modules
(HW-and SW), various system and network architectures, network services, network
topology ,different routing strategies specified according to the underlying network topology
can be used. Finally based on the assumed traffic load sharing and traffic channelizing
mode, quite different problem formulations of network planning problem can be presented.
The most important network features can be counted as the statistical multiplexing of loads,
the existence of a large number of heterogenous subnetworks, their modular interconnection,
and value-added services, the future growth prospects of existing networks The end –to –
end delay, cell or packet loss, blocking probabilities and the calculation of the link budgets
and protocol overheads which are to be taken into account together with the quality of
service parameters. The Bandwidth availibility on demand is another bottleneck, that has to
be considered in the formulation of network planning-and optimization problem.The
economies of scale, finiteness of resources, standardisation and growth prospects of new
technologies, modular extendability, hardware and software variety and emergence of new
solutions should also considered as objective variables or constraints in the formulation of
heterogenous networks` planning problem.
Mehmet Erdas page 2
3. The evolution of networks over time is a key aspect of network planning and network
optimization.The new network engineering requests may come due to a new product or
technology or new customer (market-driven or technology-driven) expectations. The
definition of new services, business priorities, reuse of existing infrastructure in migration are
important to identify the network design strategy.
The optimized routing, colocation of network elements are the other factors influencing the
cost-revenue-profit picture.
Aggregation and/or Decomposition into smaller Problems:
Methodologically,the network planning and optimization problem has to be divided into a
number of smaller, easily manageable subproblems. One set of subproblems might be
defined relying on the existing network structure, network topology, the priority rules for
services in proportion to their shares in revenues, and the routing strategy. Another set of
subproblems might be defined as end-user terminal equipment design (intelligence of end-
user equipment), access technologies design, the assessment of switching technologies and
finally the transmission systems.(5) The Markov Chains, queueing theory, general birth-death
processes and renewal theory can be used to unify the totally different world of circuit
switching and packet switching. The Erlang-k distribution and priority queueing models as
M/G/m queues can be used efficiently to simulate the traffic load as Poisson distributed
interarrival times and service times; defining their ratio as the utilization factor. (6),(8).(9)
Applications such as video and voice telephony are delay sensitive and will require
differentiated services (QoS) with prioritization introduced into the queueing models.Analysis
of the accuracy of bursty traffic models together with the response and recovery times and
load sharing/load balancing in case of overload are an essential part of performance analysis
of telecommunication networks Traffic models should match closely to real data in order to
obtain reasonable tracking of the critical network performance bottlenecks..
Generically, one could optimize the cost-revenue-profit triple by minimizing the cost of
expenditures for equipment and operations, and maximize revenues by introducing value-
added intelligent services through intelligent networking (add a separate control layer to
achieve service,network and end-user equipment independence) and doing all this over time
as technology, user requirements and the economic factors change. The decomposition of
network planning problem into smaller optimization problems has to be done for the sake of
simplicity, consistence, uniqueness and solvability.
There are various types of classification approaches for different types of network planning,
such as fixed and radio network planning, administrative planning, fundamental technical
planning to develop plans for network management, switching and routing, addressing,
signalling, operations, provisioning and maintenance. Engineering plans are detailed and
immediate plans. Another type of planning can be accomplished on the basis of network
components selection, like the number of base stations, local exchanges, toll exchanges,
interexchange transmission, loop plant, signalling network and customer premises
equipment, LAN, WAN,MAN, Routers, Bridges, Gateways etc. For GSM/GPRS/EDGE/UMTS
network planning, the main classification is usually the radio network planning and fixed
network planning besides of course the packet switching and the circuit switching. According
to different services, another classification could be made as POTS, ISDN, SMDS or FR
services, Packet, Video, Cellular Telephone, E-Mail, Remote Login, File Transfer, Image
Transfer, Voice Connections, World Wide Web.
According to timing or time coverage of plans, the long-term plans(5-20 years), medium-term
plans (2-5 years), and short-term plans (1-2 years) could be done using iterative dynamic
programming or simulation scenario techniques by changing the planning assumptions. ( 7)
Mehmet Erdas page 3
4. Performance Evaluation of High Speed Packet Switching Networks
The Packet-switching network was developed during the 1960s.The idea behind a packet-
switching network was to create a network of dedicated leased lines whose sole function
would be to transport digital data traffic. At the source, data would be divided into groups of
bits called packets. An actual packet has two parts: Header and the actual information field
or payload. The System Performance measures in a packet switched network are the
interarrival times, service times, queue length, transit time, waiting time, and server idle time.
(2)
The Header contains information about the originating point, packet`s destination, its priority
and its error codes. The payload is the group of information bits that has to be transported
over the network.algorithms running in the switching nodes read a packet`s destination
address and forward the packet over the next successive link on its way to its destination.
The great advantage of statistical multiplexing in packet switching technology , that is sharing
of transmission lines by the bursty data traffic between many users,lowered the cost of
transmitting data over leased lines and combined the inherent bursty data traffic into
aggregate flows that could be accommodated economically by long lasting leased-line
connections. Today packet-switching is used overall in general user networks such as
Internet as well as in specialized applications such as in establishing the connections in
telephone networks through the Common Channel Signalling System 7.
With the introduction of ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) technology, the share of packet-
switching in the total world communications bandwith increased drastically. ATM combined
broadband(high-speed) communications and services of voice- data-and video traffic in an
integrated manner (ISDN). Some important advantages of ATM technology against
STM(Synchronous Transfer Mode):
No rigidly structured hierarchy anymore needed
No time slot assignment (Mapping) problem anymore
No need for separate switches at each data rate by multirate switching as a combination of
64kbps switching building blocks.Bursty data traffic and services instead of fixed-demand
services possible
During Network Planning the individual network components are to be planned and
integrated into the existing GSM network and Internet. This covers the interconnecting of
network equipment according to the network planning, configuration of system parameters
for each network component, customer specific setup of the network management system
tests with real applications and real traffic simulations.
The scope of overall end-to-end network planning problem should be divided into smaller
subnetwork planning problems as the
-Radio Network Planning(RNP)
-Fixed network Planning ( PSTN,B- ISDN..)
-Mobile Network Planning (GSM/GPRS/EDGE/UMTS)
-Database Planning (Backup-and Recovery (14)
Planning a High Quality, High Performance Network Architecture
The right network architecture should be tailored depending upon the relative market choices
of companies; even within a single market the architecture and technology are to be
considered as moving targets, under which we should look for optimum network
solutions(maximizing benefits while minimizing risks). Mobile operators are building networks
only for their own use, without any real traffic simulations. The large variety of subnetworks
and services necessitates a dedicated and specialized planning. The diversity of hardware
and software complicates network management and planning. Therefore the choice of HW
Mehmet Erdas page 4
5. and SW and the rapid growth in networks makes it compulsory to install higher capacity
systems accompanied by proper network planning.
Mathematical Programming for Network Planning
An objective function and associated set of constraints is called a mathematical program,
consisting of decision variables and surplus or slack variables to convert the constraint
inequalities into equations which are then to be solved by matrix operations of inversion and
multiplication. The set of all constraints determines the feasible solution space. The Objective
function might be cost, performance or reliability metrics. Network planning problem
formulated as a mathematical programming, might have a single unique globally optimal
solution or many locally optimal solutions. A locally optimal solution is only optimal for a
limited portion of the feasible solution space. Sometimes heuristic algorithms, which use
intuitive procedures to find out optimal solutions, might be useful to achieve global optimal
solutions starting with local optimal solutions. The canonical problem formulation for network
planning and queueing theory used to formulate the telecommunications network design and
the solution technique , called simplex algorithm, can be found in Ref.(1).p.14-41.
The Network Optimization is indispensable because of shifts in subscriber-and application
distribution and their traffic behaviour, changes in the subscriber mobility profile, subscriber
growth, unbalanced market-driven regional network growth and limitations of frequency
resources on air-interface.
Routing Problem and Discrete Event Simulation
ISPs or ASPs face a challenge in provisioning of network resources because of the rapid
growth of bursty internet traffic and wide fluctuations of the traffic patterns. The dynamic
routing should be used to prevent congestions and application performance as a valuable
traffic engineering tool. The deployment of load-sensitive routing is however difficult due to
overheads imposed by link-state update propagation, path selection and signalling. Through
simulation experiments of one week or one-month duration, packet flows could be traced to
differentiate between long-lived and short-lived flows to improve the performance of the
links and to achieve the routing stability. The existing routing protocols OSPF, BGP, RIP etc.
are optimizing in one way, leaving the longer paths underutilized.
A middle approach between physical experimentation and statistical analysis which is often
used, is simulation technique. Since simulations are performed with software , it is easy to
change or test the model assumptions, or change requests. The usual type of simulation of a
network is called discrete event simulation. The”discrete events” are occurrences such as
packets being transmitted , a buffer receiving a packet, or a call being switched. Simulations
can be run to trace transient behaviour of networks,which occur over a very short period of
time as a result of some event. The behaviour of networks over long time periods and the
self-similarity of internet traffic, that means the steady-state behaviour of networks could be
observed and simulated to examine various planning assumptions, whether they represent
the reality.of traffic as it is. Discrete event simulation is stochastic in nature, because basic
inputs like packet arrivals and call placements are to be generated randomly by using
pseudorandom number generators.as software products.(3)
The self-similar traffic modelling is going to replace the poisson modelling of network traffic,
because of long-range dependence in wide-area networks. The simplest models with long-
range dependence are self-similar processes, which are characterized by hyperbolically –
decaying autocorrelation functions. The long-range dependence of self-similar processes can
be charactereized by a single parameter, called the Hurst parameter., which can be
estimated using Whittle`s procedure (11)
Mehmet Erdas page 5
6. Transient queueing analysis is essential for network planners to understand the temporal
behaviour of their networks. The sojourn time performance of a network node has to be
studied under realistic traffic environment. For that purpose , a network node has to be
modeled as a finite quasi-birth-death process(instead of simplest M/M/1queueing model) with
level dependent transitions, which are used to model a controlled or prioritized queueing
system, where both the arrival and the service processes are to be regulated based on the
instantenous buffer occupancy level, because the size of the buffer is always finite in
reality.and the arriving cells are lost when the buffer is full. This approach allows the
incorporation of more sophisticated and accurate traffic models than the previous 2/3 State
Markov Models.of network traffic. The impact of input traffic characteristics and the effect of
various simplifying assumptions like infinite buffer approximations, the effect of statistical
multiplexing and the controlling effect of preemptive cell discarding (to assure the QoS) on
the sojourn time behaviour of the system has to be studied further in depth.to explain the
nodal congestion in networks planning. Realistic networks of today have large buffer size, but
complex and bursty input traffic makes the infinite buffer assumption invalid. Buffering
together with the statistical multiplexing can be used to increase the redundancy, reliability
and availibility of networks to avoid congestions and to provide the QoS parameters in case
of overload or highly bursty traffic input with long duration.(12, 13)
Trends in Network Planning:
For Transmission capacity services: TDM SONET/SDH WDM/DWDM-First step to the future
–optical switching at 10-100 Terabits/sec.
For Access Networks services: TDM CATV,DSL,802.11,LMDS Wireless-Mobile-IP
Convergence of fixed-and mob.IP,100Mbit Ethernet is the right next step,but fiber optics is
the future transmission medium in telecommunications.
For Fixed Voice Networks services: CS VoIP using H.323 Replace with SIP and MGCP
Session Initiation and Mediagateway Protocol
For Mobile Voice and Data Networks :.VoGSM SMS WAP GPRS EDGE UMTS or 802.11 IP-
based new Value-Added Services, like IP-based Intelligent networking and new middleware
applications development just by separating the control plane and data plane.
New IP-Services Best Effort DiffServQoS IPsec.for VPN Security WDM-Switching replacing
ATM ; as a moving target between assured delay and assured bandwith use MPLS for traffic
engineering, just putting the bandwidth where the traffic is or putting the traffic where
bandwidth is.
Overall Trends and Conclusions: Fiber is the only future proof foundation for all network
services; SIP and MGCP will be the key to voice/data convergence; mobile phone operators
will become wireless Internet access providers and last but not least: Internet is able to
provide QoS and Security without Layer2 VCs. With the realization of UMTS, the cellular
networks of the future might well be dimensioned for the dominant type of traffic which is
expected to be mobile data, rather than voice. This would lead to network consolidation of IP,
ATM and Frame Relay.through network consolidating layers enabling cost savings in
infrastructure.
FMC: Fixed-Mobile Convergence:
The heterogenous networks evolution and the mobility of Internet requires a unique OAM
Concept for common billing, operation and maintenance of diversified network services.
FMC can be realized by establishing a combined switching centre enabling the service and
support of both the mobile and the fixed customers through the same exchange. This might
be a hardware or software solution or a combination of both depending upon the existing
network infrastructure. Global access to personalized services are independent of access
methodology, underlying network and delivery method. It should be mentioned that the
access
network is not so expensive to build out and to upgrade. Convergence will first happen in
enterprise networks when voice is moved from traditional voice VPN (PABX networks) to
data-VPN and thereafter into long distance IP-based intelligent VPNs. In the medium-term,
Mehmet Erdas page 6
7. the emerging technologies and standards will facilitate service and network convergence to
an IP based network with fixed and mobile access increasing complexity with ever growing
data throughput rates, bandwidth allocation and network configuration management
problems. The optimization criteria for such a converged network can be counted as the end-
to-end targeted quality of service levels, throughput rates, link capacity utilization, the
minimized overall cost and delay levels with differentiated security allocations for different
applications and the interoperability or compatibility of hardware and software units without
posing any difficulties for combined implementation.
Conclusion:
Modified overall network optimization problem formulation for a unified network planning
process
The overall planning problem for such a converged network could be be formulated as the
minimization of end-to-end total line costs (call set up, volume-and time dependant charging
accounting for the cross-product of total connection time and volume of data transferred end-
to-end packet-and circuit switched connections), subject to a given traffic load sharing
model, given the chosen coding schemes for radio network coverage, given the specified
node locations, inter-node and intra-node peak circuit- switched -and packet- switched traffic
load sharing mechanisms, adjusted or matched by general birth-date stochastic queueing
models delivering the required minimum link budgets and buffer sizes for smoothing out the
burstiness of packet data traffic, over the decision variables of underlying network topology
and routing policy, yielding the total channel or link capacities adapted by channel allocation
choices (channelized, unchannelized, fractional, setting DE for FR or CLP for ATM or
labeling for ATM LSR ) relying on the DiffServ or prioritized QoS-using static,virtual, dynamic
routing mechanisms, without leaving any longer paths underutilized, if congestion in the
shortest paths occurs), satisfying the allowed overall access-switching-transmission end-user
equipment delays, reliability-redundancy-and availibility constraints, all being discrete(non-
continuous) and iterated .over time covering the network planning period. The outputs of
such a planning model will be measured or scaled in multiple functional HW-or SW units,
bits -and seconds, which are to be converted into monetary units using a market-driven
sales, qualified cost- and pricing strategy allowing for the investment protection of investors-
suppliers-and operators triple defined as survival value chain, such that none of the market-
players will be threatened in survival.
This overall problem formulation for the optimization of combined radio-and fixed network
planning process could be extended for incorporating the involved database planning,
database security, back-up and recovery processes.
References:
1-Thomas G. Robertazzi:Planning Telecommunication Networks , 1999, IEEE
Communications Society, Ch.1-2-3 pp 2-36
2-Susan L. Solomon Simulation of Waiting Line Systems, 1983 Prentice Hall, pp 11-16
3-Jerry Banks,John S.Carson II, Barry L.Nelson :Discrete-Event System Simulation, 1999
Prentice –Hall
pp 92-96
Mehmet Erdas page 7
8. 4- J. Ioannidis, D. Duchamp and G.Q. Maguire Jr.: IP-based Protocols for Mobile
Internetworking.In Proc. SIGCOMM 91, ACM, Zurich, Sept. 1991, pp. 235-245.
5- Pflug,G Stochastische Modelle in der Informatik, Stuttgart, 1986, p.85 and p.117
6-Daigle, J..N.: Queueing Theory for Telecommunications, Addison-Wesley, 1992 pp- 6-13,
Ch.3-4
7-Gupta V.P., „What is Network Planning“ IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol.23, Nr.10,
Oct. 1985, pp 10-16
8-Kleinrock. L. Queueing Systems Vol 1-2, New York , 1975
9-Kleinrock, L; Queueing Systems-Problems and Solutions-, New York, 1989
10- Heinanen, J.“Futureproof network planning strategies“ International Conference in
London, 24-25 May, 2000, organized by Vision in Business.
11-Garrett.M and Willinger.W, : Analysis, Modelling and Generation of Self-Similar VBR
Video Traffic, in: Proceedings of SIGCOMM`94 , pp. 269-280, 1994
12- Kobayashi, H., Ren Q.: Nonstationary behaviour of statistical multiplexing for multiple
types of traffic, in : Proceedings of the 26th
Annual Conference on Information Sciences and
Systems, Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ, March 1992
13-Kant K., Introduction to Computer System Performance Evaluation, McGraw-Hill, New
York, 1992.
14-Kumar V.,Hsu M. Recovery Mechanisms in Database Systems, Prentice-Hall, New
jersey, 1998,
pp. 56-68, 259-291, 661-697
Mehmet Erdas page 8